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The characteristics of bioliquid produced through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wood wastes and the effects of recirculation on hydrochar production were analyzed. The organic acids and total organic carbon of bioliquid increased with progressive recirculation, whereas intermediate byproducts decreased. Hydrochar production by bioliquid recirculation increased mass yield, carbon content, caloric value, and energy yield of the former, while improving its quality as a solid refuse fuel. We concluded that bioliquid recirculation promoted HTC, as demonstrated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, contrary to predictions, a relatively constant quantity of bioliquid was generated in each step, indicating that its continuous reuse is feasible. Therefore, bioliquid recirculation can improve hydrochar production while simultaneously mitigating the environmental impact of wastewater generation. This method should be considered an important strategy toward the implementation of carbon-neutrality goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the feasibility of using fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) made from non-food woody biomass in a micro-gas turbine with a unique burner design, motivated by the recent surge in the development of renewable carbon-neutral biomass-derived liquids in energy applications. The study is comprehensive and covers FPBO production and applications, physicochemical properties and spray characteristics, and combustion performance. The effects of fuel spray formation and preparation on the combustion of FPBO, ethanol (EtOH) and diesel fuel were investigated using two twin-fluid nozzles with distinct atomization mechanisms, externally- and internally-mixed, and a premixer tube. In contrast to diesel fuel and EtOH, reaching a stable flame using 100% FPBO was impossible because of the fuel polymerization (or coking) when impinging on the high-temperature inner wall of the premixer tube. EtOH addition was, therefore, used to address the problem by improving the FPBO's volatility. The FPBO spray flame generated by the internally-mixed nozzle exhibited less gas- and solid-phase emissions than the externally-mixed one and required less EtOH addition for stabilization. While this study shows the feasibility for deployment of FPBO in the present micro-gas turbine design, injector modification or fuel upgrading are necessary prior to it being used to replace fossil oils. • Spray combustion and emissions of FPBO in a micro gas turbine burner were studied. • Two twin-fluid nozzles with distinct atomization mechanisms were compared. • EtOH addition reduced the FPBO coking propensity consistent with its TGA residue. • FPBO gas- and solid-phase emissions were reduced using an internally-mixed nozzle. • Suggestions for the future deployment of biomass-derived liquids are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of bioliquid produced through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wood wastes and the effects of recirculation on hydrochar production were analyzed. The organic acids and total organic carbon of bioliquid increased with progressive recirculation, whereas intermediate byproducts decreased. Hydrochar production by bioliquid recirculation increased mass yield, carbon content, caloric value, and energy yield of the former, while improving its quality as a solid refuse fuel. We concluded that bioliquid recirculation promoted HTC, as demonstrated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, contrary to predictions, a relatively constant quantity of bioliquid was generated in each step, indicating that its continuous reuse is feasible. Therefore, bioliquid recirculation can improve hydrochar production while simultaneously mitigating the environmental impact of wastewater generation. This method should be considered an important strategy toward the implementation of carbon-neutrality goals.

Summary: Solar pyrolysis of renewable biomass has huge potential for sustainable production of fuel or chemical feedstock for the activated carbon materials. Here, we report a method for producing high-quality carbon nanofiber (CNF) precursor and subsequently CNFs as a low-cost and eco-friendly energy storage material. Specifically, pinewood is pyrolyzed with solar energy to generate a phenol-rich bioliquid precursor that is found to be a strong candidate for synthesizing binder-free flexible electrode materials via electrospinning. The CNFs prepared with 30% solar-driven bioliquids and 70% polyacrylonitrile have a high specific surface area and rich microstructure, which are the key to its electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacitance (349 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1) with notable rate performance, reversibility, and cycling stability in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. Thus, solar bioliquids are feasible CNF precursors, and such derived CNFs have potential to be applied in energy storage devices.

Preventing pathogenic viral and bacterial transmission in the human environment is critical, especially in potential outbreaks that may be caused by the release of ancient bacteria currently trapped in the permafrost. Existing commercial disinfectants present issues such as a high carbon footprint. This study proposes a sustainable alternative, a bioliquid derived from biomass prepared by hydrothermal liquefaction. Results indicate a high inactivation rate of pathogenic virus and bacteria by the as-prepared bioliquid, such as up to 99.99% for H1N1, H5N1, H7N9 influenza A virus, and Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores and 99.49% for Bacillus anthracis. Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed that low-molecular-weight and low-polarity compounds in bioliquid are potential antibacterial components. High temperatures promoted the production of antibacterial substances via depolymerization and dehydration reactions. Moreover, bioliquid was innoxious as confirmed by the rabbit skin test, and the cost per kilogram of the bioliquid was $0.04427, which is notably lower than that of commercial disinfectants. This study demonstrates the potential of biomass to support our biosafety with greater environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steady increase in separate waste collection has highlighted the urgent need to adequately deal not only with urban waste (differentiated and undifferentiated) but also with special waste produced by separate waste collection and recycling processes. Source collected municipal solid waste produces different waste streams. One of this is the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). This fraction is central for circular economy, since it can be further transformed in order to recover valuable products such as compost and fertilizers, both through biogas fermentation and composting. OFMSW, however, contains up to 10-20% of non-organic residues, such as plastic and bioplastic bags, coupled materials, textile and cellulose. This fraction is normally mechanically separated from the organic part as an over-sieve, that is in some cases washed, squeezed and dried, and then disposed as special waste. One of the emerging issues is where to dispose it or even better, if there is a way to recover it. Disposal costs are increasing, since the over-sieve fraction competes for final destination, such as incinerators and cementer production sites, with other more energetic valuable residues. A very new and valuable solution to solve the problem is to recover it through a thermo-chemical transformation into a bioliquid (Reach qualified), with different market destinations, both second-generation fuel and chemical commodity for regenerable plastic production. The thermo-chemical transformation is energetically self-sustaining and provides thermal energy as an output, that can be valorised in the organic waste transformation process. The present paper shows the technology main features and gives insight to economic aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article states the results of the field and laboratory studies on the dynamics of nutrients accumulation and their alienation with the yield in potato plants under the influence of different doses and application expiration of organomix and bioliquid. The research has revealed that potato plants, as at budding and flowering, as well as at full maturation stages, accumulate more potassium, then nitrogen, after phosphorus from the nutrients. At the same time, it was found that regardless of the type and application form of organic origin fertilizer and growth stimulants, potato plants use 41.6-54.3 kg of nitrogen, 13.4-22.4 kg of phosphorus and 57.8-62.7 kg potassium for the formulation of 100 c tuber yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Performance and emissions of Liquefied Wood in a MGT were investigated. • Liquefied wood with pure ethylene glycol as a solvent was produced. • The raw biocrude was upgraded by adding ethanol to further reduce viscosity. • Notably reduced extent of MGT adaptations was maintained. • Guidelines of MGTs requirements to allow viscous fuels combustion were presented. Abstract This study investigates for the first time the combustion in a micro gas turbine (MGT) of a new bioliquid, a viscous biocrude, which is a liquefied wood (LW) produced via solvolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in acidified glycols. The test rig includes a modified fuel injection line, a re-designed combustion chamber and revised fuel injection positions. The main novelties of this work are: (1) producing of liquefied wood with pure ethylene glycol as a solvent, and methanesulfonic acid as a catalyst, to obtain a bio-crude with lower viscosity and higher lignocellulosics content than previous tested formulations; (2) upgrading raw liquefied wood by blending it with ethanol to further reduce the viscosity of the mixture; (3) utilizing a commercially available MGT Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) of 25 kW electrical power output, with notably reduced extent of adaptations to use the newly obtained fuel mixture. Fuel properties, and their impact on combustion performance using liquefied wood, are investigated by analyzing MGT performance and emissions response at different load and blend ratios. Emissions revealed that the presence of LW in the blends significantly affects CO and NO X concentrations compared to conventional fuels. CO roughly increased from 600 ppm (pure ethanol as fuel) to 1500 ppm (at 20 kW electrical power). The experimental study reveals that it is possible to achieve efficient MGT operation while utilizing high biocrude to ethanol ratios, but a number of adaptations are necessary. The achieved maximum share of liquefied wood in the fuel blend is 47.2% at 25 kW power output. Main barriers to the use of higher share of liquefied wood in these type of systems are also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of biomass resources and sewage sludge is currently the most important issue in the field of coal combustion systems. The main drawback for operating a boiler system is its varied firing characteristics and low heating value. In this study, we have developed new synthetic fuels, namely hybrid sludge fuel (HSF), using coal and sewage sludge impregnated bioliquid (molasses) and evaluated their properties by comparison with conventional fuels. To prepare the HSF, it was treated in a carbonization system at 250 °C. Depending on the van Krevelen diagram, the fuel quality of HSF was superior to that of raw bioliquid and sewage sludge. In addition, its fuel characteristic was similar to sub-bituminous and bituminous coal. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated only a single-stage combustion pattern for HSF during non-isothermal heating. To clarify the unburned carbon (UBC) content, an ultimate analysis was conducted. The amount of UBC of the HSF was much more than that of sewage sludge, but less than that of coal. To investigate the surface hydrophobicity of HSF, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and a moisture re-adsorption test were carried out. The HSF possessed high hydrophobicity and presented a low moisture re-adsorption rate compared to conventional fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complete fuel switching from heavy fuel oil (HFO) to bioliquid (BL) was demonstrated in a 100 MWe-capacity boiler with a tangential firing configuration. The BL from the residue of palm oil production successfully replaced HFO at the full load (103 MWe) with new atomizers and minor adjustments to the operating parameters. The detailed combustion and heat transfer characteristics of the two fuels were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Compared to the HFO firing case, more uniform distributions of the gas temperature and heat transfer rate were observed in the combustion zone for the BL firing case. The total heat transfer rate was slightly lower on the furnace wall (evaporator), but this disadvantage was offset by the increased convection in the downstream heat exchangers. Because of the low soot concentration, the contribution of convection in the BL-firing case was larger in the lower furnace. A significant reduction in SO x and NO x emissions was achieved due to the low S and N content of BL, which would be the main benefit of fuel switching, in addition to the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions. In the future, the CFD model established in this study could be applied to the evaluation of BL different candidates and various co-firing cases with HFO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A large share of the vegetable oil market is today shifting from food to the energy sector. This trend led to discussions about the chance of confliction between these two chains and its possible social and environmental consequences. Moreover the increasing interest in pure vegetable oils for energy and biodiesel production are associated to a period of market volatilities and high prices. The economics of the biodiesel production is suffering the actual market situation. In this framework, the present work presents the results of the OVEST (ESTerified Vegetable Oils) project, which is supported by the Tuscany region. Aim of the project is the investigation of the use of waste oil streams and by-products from food industry to obtain an alternative feedstock for bioliquids and biofuels production. In the current food market, a number of secondary streams are available from the food industry: oleins and fatty acids, sludge oils and WCO (Waste Cooking Oils), represent several examples of these potential alternative feedstock. Most of these materials are characterized by high free fatty acid compositions. In the OVEST project, vegetable oil is obtained from waste materials by the re-esterification process, in order to obtain a new feedstock for biodiesel production and for power generation. A market analysis has been carried out in OVEST, to estimate the economic viability and the potential of each waste streams. Test on a modified Micro Gas Turbine (30 kWel) and in small scale co-generator (5 kWel) have been carried out. Performances and pollutant missions were monitored. The results of the experimentation confirmed the viability of these fuels for the energy production. From the environmental point of view, the use of these feedstock allows to meet the requirements of the European Directive EC/28/2009 (RED), that introduces minimum targets in terms of GHGs saving for bioliquids and biofuels. The present work showed that most of the input materials to the esterification process may be classified as wastes or residues, and that assuring an accurate traceability for each treatment and transport phase is a really complex issue. However the high GHG savings potential, as indicated in the RED for bioliquids from wastes, was confirmed by the work here carried out. Therefore OVEST project demonstrates the viability of the use of esterified oils as biodiesel feedstock or for direct energy generation, starting from a renewable source, non competing with food market and with a high GHG saving potential. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Fast pyrolysis liquid or bio-oil has been used in engines with limited success. It requires a pilot fuel and/or an additive for successful combustion and there are problems with materials and liquid properties. It is immiscible with all conventional hydrocarbon fuels. Biodiesel, a product of esterification of vegetable oil with an alcohol, is widely used as a renewable liquid fuel as an additive to diesel at up to 20%. There are however limits to its use in conventional engines due to poor low temperature performance and variability in quality from a variety of vegetable oil qualities and variety of esterification processes. Within the European Project Bioliquids-CHP – a joint project between the European Commission and Russia – a study was undertaken to develop small scale CHP units based on engines and microturbines fuelled with bioliquids from fast pyrolysis and methyl esters of vegetable oil. Blends of bio-oil and biodiesel were evaluated and tested to overcome some of the disadvantages of using either fuel by itself. An alcohol was used as the co-solvent in the form of ethanol, 1-butanol or 2-propanol. Visual inspection of the blend homogeneity after 48h was used as an indicator of the product stability and the results were plotted in a three phase chart for each alcohol used. An accelerated stability test was performed on selected samples in order to predict its long term stability. We concluded that the type and quantity of alcohol is critical for the blend formation and stability. Using 1-butanol gave the widest selection of stable blends, followed by blends with 2-propanol and finally ethanol, thus 1-butanol blends accepted the largest proportion of bio-oil in the mixture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper presents results obtained from the industrial-scale co-firing of bioliquid fuels. The co-firing of bioliquid is an interesting alternative to the co-firing of solid biomass. The chemical and physical properties of the most abundant biofuels to be co-combusted in PC boilers, i.e. crude glycerine, palm oil and rapeseed oil, were determined. Glycerine was found to be the most attractive fuel because of its properties, availability and price. Therefore glycerine was chosen for the test co-firing in PC boilers with a capacity of 100MWth and 200MWe installed in respectively CHP ROKITA and PS Kozienice. The primary objective of the research was to determine whether crude glycerine can be used as a co-firing fuel for industrial boilers in utility plants. Preliminary laboratory-scale co-firing tests were carried out. On the basis of the test results two burner designs were developed. One is a gas-dynamic burner with steam-biofuel (submicron-fine) atomization. This burner can burn any “difficult” liquid fuel at a rate of 1.5t/h. The other design is a multi-jet burner with two-medium (steam and air) atomization, high outflow velocities and a capacity of 300–600kg/h depending on the atomization medium and glycerine pressure at the burner head inlet. The two types of burners differ in the extent of the liquid fuel spray area. Tests of crude glycerine co-firing in two PC boilers: OP-130 and OP-650 were carried out. The tests focused on the effect of the liquid biomass-glycerine combination on the combustion behaviour. An analysis of the burnout from the co-firing was carried out. The operating boiler parameters in the two tests were compared, taking into account the emission of such pollutants as NO x and SO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Bioliquid generated from the leaves of banana (Musa sapintum) through anaerobic fungal degradation was obtained by soxhlet extraction using absolute methanol as solvent at 60°C for 72 hours. The bioliquid extracted was recovered from the extracting solvent by evaporation using rotary evaporator. The extract obtained was concentrated to a constant weight using hot plate at 37°C. The concentrated bioliquid was dissolved in a solution mixture of methanol and hexane and the maltenes content of the bioliquid was separated from the asphaltenes by precipitation. The maltenes obtained was further separated into fractions (saturates, monoaromatics, diaromatics, polyaromatics and organic polars) by column chromatography. The analysis revealed that the amounts of saturates, monoaromatics, diaromatics, polyaromatics and organic polars in 72.50mg maltenes analysed were 38.00mg, 9.20mg, 6.70mg, 11.30mg and 3.80mg respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic degradation of sugar cane and rice husk by cellulolytic fungus was studied respectively at optimum operational condition of concentration, 1:5 w/v of the lignocelluloses: water and temperature of 33°C. The average rates of biogas production determined for sugar cane and rice husk were 57cm3per day and 47cm3 per day, while the yield of biogas evaluated appear to be high, 15.2% for sugar cane and 12.5% for rice husk. The yields from other agricultural wastes were lower than these values (0.8% cow dung - 11.6% water hyacinth). The compositional yields of the biogas were also assessed; 5.7% CH4, 8.3% CO2, and 1.2% H2 S for sugar cane and 4.9% CH4, 6.1% CO2 and 1.5% H2 S for rice husk. Results have shown that the biogas of rice husk is of better quality than that of sugar cane because of its lower content of CO2. It was also found that when the amount of the substrates were respectively doubled, the average rate of the biogas production doubled, implying that kinetically, the degradation is probably first order. The yield of the bioliquid for sugar cane was determined as 94% and rice husk was 68%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The investigation of upgraded bio-fuels production processes was carried out via the development of efficient catalysts for oxy-organic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) processes. It was found that Ni–Cu catalysts are more attractive than single Ni catalysts in HDO under mild conditions. Copper facilitates the nickel oxide reduction at temperatures lower than 300°C. Moreover, copper prevents methanization of oxy-organics at 280–350°C. The catalyst supports play also a key role in hydrotreatment of oxygen-containing compounds. Screening of catalyst supports showed that CeO2 and ZrO2 are most effective in the target processes because of possible additional activation of oxy-compounds on the support surface. The prepared catalysts have non-sulfided nature and can be used for upgrading of bioliquids with a low sulfur content. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Preventing pathogenic viral and bacterial transmission in the human environment is critical, especially in potential outbreaks that may be caused by the release of ancient bacteria currently trapped in the permafrost. Existing commercial disinfectants present issues such as a high carbon footprint. This study proposes a sustainable alternative, a bioliquid derived from biomass prepared by hydrothermal liquefaction. Results indicate a high inactivation rate of pathogenic virus and bacteria by the as-prepared bioliquid, such as up to 99.99% for H1N1, H5N1, H7N9 influenza A virus, and Bacillus subtilis var . niger spores and 99.49% for Bacillus anthracis Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis confirmed that low-molecular-weight and low-polarity compounds in bioliquid are potential antibacterial components. High temperatures promoted the production of antibacterial substances via depolymerization and dehydration reactions. Moreover, bioliquid was innoxious as confirmed by the rabbit skin test, and the cost per kilogram of the bioliquid was $0.04427, which is notably lower than that of commercial disinfectants. This study demonstrates the potential of biomass to support our biosafety with greater environmental sustainability., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)

This study reports the results of a detailed analysis of 203 samples of bioliquid used as a substitute for heavy fuel oil in oil-fired power plants. Bioliquid is a mixture of various vegetable oils, animal fats and its byproducts. The heating value of bioliquid is approximately the same as that of heavy fuel oil; however, bioliquid has significantly less N and S components and exhibits better combustion reactivity. For a commercial electricity generation, demonstration tests firing bioliquid in 75, 90, and 100 MW oil-fired boilers were conducted, and the results were compared with those obtained by firing heavy fuel oil. Further, the impacts of bioliquid fuel characteristics on combustion and boiler operation were also investigated. During the bioliquid firing, the heat absorption in the furnace decreased and the furnace exit gas temperature increased in comparison to the heavy fuel oil firing. No serious problems occurred in the boiler operation, and NOx and SOx emissions remarkably decreased. With minor modifications on the fuel transfer system and atomization devices, bioliquid could successfully replace heavy fuel oil in the existing oil-fired boilers. The limited values for 18 fuel properties of bioliquid are suggested by considering the stable boiler operation and environmental safety. • The characteristics of 203 bioliquid samples are analyzed compared to heavy fuel oil. • Kinematic viscosity and heating value of bioliquid are 8 and 89% of heavy fuel oil. • Bioliquids can be burned in heavy fuel oil fired boilers with minor modifications. • Emissions are reduced by 30% for NOx and 93% for SOx with lower fuel-N and –S. • Specifications are proposed for bioliquid fuel used in heavy fuel oil fired boilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the combustion characteristics between bioliquid and heavy fuel oil using a 0.7 MWth pilot furnace and a 75 MWe power generation boiler. The bioliquid flame in the pilot furnace was clearer and more transparent, but higher gas temperature in the burner zone, compared to the heavy fuel oil flame. It might be due to higher sooting tendency of the heavy fuel oil flame. Due to the lower N and S contents in bioliquid, NOx and SOx emissions were significantly reduced in the bioliquid combustion tests. For the bioliquid demonstration in a 75 MWe power generation boiler, bioliquid firing led to decrease in heat flux to the furnace wall, so the furnace exit gas temperature was increased, comparing to the heavy fuel oil firing. Subsequently, the heat absorption in the first pass of the boiler was increased and finally it led to the increase in reheater de-superheating water spray flow rate. Significant reductions in NOx and SOx emissions were achieved with bioliquid firing. The operation and measured data in the bioliquid demonstration tests showed the successful operation of the unit, and no operational or emissions limitations were identified. • The combustion characteristics of bioliquid were compared to those of heavy fuel oil. • The bioliquid flame was clearer and more transparent due to lower sooting tendency. • Significant reductions in NOx and SOx were achieved with bioliquid firing. • Bioliquid firing tests at 79 MWe showed no operational or emissions limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "crystallogenesis" was primarily mentioned in 1730. Isaac. Newton in his research "Optics"described a phenomenon of regular structure formation from salt solutions. This is when crystallography started as a technical discipline of mineralogical origin. It was in XVIII-XIX centuries in Russia and many other countries that investigation of local mineral structure began developing. This period can be called a "mineralogical stage". T.Y. Lovits (Russia), M.V. Lomonosov's follower, gave crystallography a status of a research method. The investigator described two absolutely new approaches to solution analysis. One of them is microcrystallic reactions, the other is a "method of evaporated salts". The latter proved to be the origin of nowadays biocrystallography. Later crystallography has been also applied in pharmacy (medication synthesis) and forensic medicine (toxicology). Moreover, a number of clinically oriented works on crystallography have been issued. As for crystalloscopy, it has been used in medicine for about 35 years. The specialists offered a variety of basic matters to be used as crystal forming agents. Still the research has some weak points which are associated with application of the method in the so-called "classical" thesigraphy. The latter studies the above-mentioned co-crystal forming agent model alone. Hereafter, this method does not cover all the factors influencing the crystallogenesis dynamics and result. Crystals (quantity and quality) react to entering of liquids with homoeopathic preparations. The saliva is convenient object for crystallisation studying at preparation action. This method is simple and safe for investigated people and animals. The purpose of this new medico-biological science is to discover crystallogenesis mechanisms and further to work out the criteria for estimation of various substrates bioinformation and biocrystallisation management on the basis of up-to-date accomplishments in the homoeopathy. The targets of modern crystallogenesis are 1) To form basics of biocrystallogenesis - definition, nature, mechanisms, 2) To provide methodological basis for studying biocrystals, 3) To determine the diagnostic value of biocrystallisation investigation in the illness development , 4) To analyze theoretical and practical value of applied crystalloengineering in the homeopathy, 5) To study integrated aspects of crystallogenesis and to form new synthetic sciences - homeosinergetics, biocrystallomycs et al. Data about modern methods of biological substrata crystallization scrutiny is systemized in this article. It is stated, that all technologies divide on sample preparing methods and modes for scrutiny of biological substrata crystallogenic and initiated properties. Each of these groups includes subdivision. That methods classification is proposed on the base of own prolonged investigations and world literature analysis. It is important, that all modus are disunited on static and dynamic. This technology has great perspectives for several biological systems status estimation by its crystallogenic and initiated properties investigation. It is useful different biomedical and biophysical aims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]