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Collaborative approaches are becoming a key driver in drug discovery and development. They come in many types and forms ranging from project-based collaborations and strategic alliances to large international consortia. The volume discusses various types of such collaboration including the specific uses, advantages, and challenges. Based on the nature of public-private partnerships, we present views and experiences from academia, industry, and public stakeholders.

Politics and Practices of the Ethnographies of Biomedicine and STEM: Among White Coats collects critical examinations of the politics, positionality, and epistemological and methodological issues of doing ethnography in a number of locales across the globe and in fields including computer science, astronomy, mining, biology, and medicine. The book captures a wide breadth of ethnographic case studies conducted by scholars at different stages of their careers, with various geographical backgrounds, and working across different settings and regions of the world, demonstrating the unfolding of overlapping concerns in unique ways. ‘Among White Coats'is the first systematic and critical examination of the politics and epistemology of doing ethnography in biomedicine and STEM, adding to the extensive production of studies based on the ethnography of medicine and ethnography of science, as well as the ongoing debate on the foundation of ethnography. The book is geared toward academics and research students from different disciplinary backgrounds. It is a resource useful not only for students and Ph.D. candidates but also for expert ethnographers, presenting the most recent debates on ethnography and knowledge production in the STEM and biomedical fields. The book is partly a response to the growing awareness of the increasingly pertinent objective for ethnographers to reflect on their positionalities in their writing. Thus, this book offers a reflexive guide to thinking through the political and practical aspects of ethnographic practice.

The book delves into the development and therapeutic potential of Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It explores their mechanism of action, cardiovascular benefits, and role in primary and secondary protection from renal and cardiovascular diseases. The book also highlights their emerging opportunities in the management of myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure. It provides a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical information on the cardiovascular advantages of SGLT2 inhibitors. Additionally, the book explores selective drugs and their effects on cardiovascular events, mortality, and safety outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and individuals interested in the field of SGLT2 inhibitors and their impact on diabetes and cardiovascular health.

Ubiquitination is a major protein post-translational modification, which is involved in many aspects of cellular procedure. The functions of ubiquitination in immune system and immune response have been intensively studied. This book aims to introduce the latest and crucial achievements, along with the fundamental principles of ubiquitination and immune responses. It covers the proteomic aspects of ubiquitination, the function of ubiquitin in innate and adoptive immunity, the development of immune cells, and the metabolism. The active researchers in this field are invited to contribute the chapters. This book is suitable for graduate students, researchers and readers who are interested in this field. It will provide readers with comprehensive insight into how ubiquitination functions in different aspects of immune system.

This updated and expanded second edition of Antiseptic Stewardship serves as a comprehensive reference guide to common biocidal active substances and antiseptic agents, examining their antimicrobial efficacy and potential to induce cell tolerance, including cross-tolerance to other biocidal agents, as well as cross-resistance to antibiotics. In addition, the book discusses the appropriate and targeted use of biocidal active substances by balancing their expected health benefits against the likelihood of clinically relevant resistance, including misuse and overuse of some products during the COVID-19 pandemic. This guide, which focuses on human, veterinary and household products, helps readers make informed decisions about disinfectants and antiseptic products based on their composition. Various biocidal active substances and antiseptic agents are used for disinfection and antisepsis in healthcare, veterinary medicine, animal production and household products. However, not all of them provide significant health benefits, especially for some products used in human medicine. Antimicrobial soaps, surface disinfectants, instrument disinfectants and wound antiseptics may contain one or more biocidal active ingredients with comparable antimicrobial efficacy, but with large differences in their potential for microbial adaptation and tolerance. Increased bacterial tolerance has been described for several biocidal active substances and antiseptics, sometimes including cross-resistance to antibiotics. The book is therefore intended to help reduce unnecessary selection pressure on emerging pathogens, including by describing non-biocidal alternatives for specific antimicrobial applications, with the aim of retaining the powerful biocidal agents and antiseptics for those applications where there is a clear health benefit (e.g. reduction of healthcare-associated infections). The book addresses healthcare, industrial and veterinary professionals as well as educated laypersons interested in efficient and controlled disinfection strategies.

The book delves into various aspects of the hair care industry, providing a comprehensive understanding of hair throughout history, its anatomy and physiology, genetics and molecular mechanisms of hair color, and the raw materials used in the industry. It explores the diverse range of hair care products, including oils, dyes, lotions, and serums, and emphasizes the importance of global regulatory approaches to ensure consumer health and safety, particularly in relation to nano-formulations and synthetic hair care products. The book also addresses the safety and efficacy of herbal care products from a global regulatory perspective. Furthermore, it examines the impact of the microbiome on hair care products, highlighting the opportunities and challenges in complying with global regulations. The evaluation of hair care product safety is discussed within a global context, exploring different models and methods. The book also focuses on the journey of hair care products from laboratory testing to market, emphasizing clinical and preclinical assessments in compliance with global regulations. It highlights the role of ex-vivo hair follicle models in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of hair care products while providing a global regulatory framework. Additionally, the book explores the potential of artificial intelligence in predicting hair product toxicity, taking a global perspective. It delves into omics approaches for hair toxicity assessment, discussing current advances and future directions in this field. The next generation of hair products is also explored, with a focus on innovations that prioritize safe and healthy consumer choices. Finally, the book provides an overview of global regulatory frameworks for the hair care industry, including key agencies and guidelines. It serves as a valuable resource for professionals and researchers in the field, offering insights into the historical, scientific, and regulatory aspects of hair care products and their impact on consumer health and safety.

This practical guide showcases alternative career opportunities for life science researchers beyond academia. Written by active professionals with hands-on experience, the book provides a comprehensive overview of non-academic roles and the many career paths available. In our life science education, many of us undergo classical academic training, preparing to perform university research. However, only 20-30% of students end up in permanent academic positions. The rest is leaving the field due to the challenging conditions and a lack of secured employment. As the area continues to expand and diversify, so do chances for career development outside the traditional routes. There is a growing demand for trained experts to fill various jobs in industry, government, and other sectors. Here, you will find guidance on leveraging your scientific experience to best succeed in the different roles. What is more, the preparation of your resume (CV), cover letter, and social media “attire” (LinkedIn) is covered. Interviews with selected personalities from the various domains provide unique insights into life journeys with true practical relevance. Final, this work advises universities and academic entities on how a corresponding education model could be embedded in their curricula to provide our future graduates from the life sciences with a full spectrum of their options.

This book teaches foundations of epidemiological design and statistical methods, as well as including topics applicable to new areas of research. Since the publication of the first edition, Biostatistics and Epidemiology has attracted loyal readers from various specialty areas in the biomedical community. The Fifth Edition includes coverage of fixed and random effects and mixed effects models; Poisson regression; constructing confidence intervals for U-shaped relationships; analysis of rare variants; Mendelian randomization; and aspects of machine learning and big data analytics. Biostatistics and Epidemiology was written to be accessible for readers without backgrounds in mathematics. It provides clear explanations of underlying principles, as well as practical guidelines of'how to do it'and'how to interpret it.'Key features include a philosophical and logical explanation at the beginning of the book, subsections that can stand alone or serve as reference, cross-referencing, recommended reading, and appendices covering sample calculations for various statistics in the text.

This edited book contains chapters that describe bespoke three-dimensional (3D) printing aimed at democratizing anatomy education by providing open-source scans for download and printing as 3D models. The long history of anatomical models as educational resources is explored in fascinating detail, from wax models through to a range of cutting-edge 3D printers. In a related chapter, a veterinary anatomy educator describes a transformation in teaching and learning methods in veterinary education using Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and 3D visualization methods like CT or MRI images which can be used to reconstruct complete 3D virtual models, as well as 3D prints from these reconstructed scans. The first digital, cloud-based human skeletal repository in southern Africa is an extensive and categorized ‘bone library'globally accessible for use in education and research. A chapter details a digital protocol for the bioprinting of a 3D acellular dermal scaffold (ADS) for use in wound healing, as an alternative to skin grafting for secondary intention wound healing. A chapter offers an extensive guide to applied anatomy for acupuncture and is provided in 4 parts viz, upper limb, lower limb, trunk, head and neck. Each part of the chapter is replete with beautiful cadaveric images including annotations that relate specifically to information in the text. We look at vertebral artery variations and its role in clinical conditions, current insights into polycystic ovarian syndrome, and visual interpretation using multiplex immunoassay of serum samples. This book will appeal to educators of both human and animal anatomy who have a keen interest and focus on the use of bespoke 3D printing, augmented and virtual reality, as well as acupuncture practitioners, clinicians, regenerative medicine specialists, surgeons, tissue engineers and artists.

This edited volume describes key domains of the emerging research literature linking exercise and mental health. The volume is divided into three sections. The first section provides an overview of foundational knowledge regarding basic processes of exercise, including neurocircuitry, neurotransmitter, and immunology systems. The second section describes emerging research on the acute impact of exercise on affect, mood, and cognition. The third section explores the role of exercise in the etiology and treatment of related mental and physical health disorders, including depression, PTSD, eating disorders, and autoimmune disorders. Collectively, this volume provides readers with foundational knowledge of what exercise is, the basic brain, behavioral and cognitive processes engaged by exercise, and a role of exercise in developing and treating mental health disorders.

The book delves into the intricate realm of Molecularly Imprinting Polymers (MIPs) functioning as artificial antibodies. The book explores several subjects, such as the basic principles, historical development, methods for creating and analyzing MIPs, creation of specific recognition sites, computational modeling, responsive behavior to stimuli, and the nano-scale applications of MIPs. Furthermore, it emphasizes the pivotal role of MIPs in the detection of cancer, infectious diseases, and the detection of bacteria and viruses. In addition, the book explores the field of different sensor technologies, specifically focusing on MIP-based electrochemical and optical sensors. It also highlights how these sensors might be integrated into wearable, flexible, and chip sensors. In addition, the book explores developing technologies and potential future applications of MIPs as artificial antibodies. This book offers a complete grasp of the promise and limitations of MIPs by providing insights into their challenges and real-time applications. The book will be a useful resource for researchers, students, professionals, and practitioners in bioengineering, biotechnology, medicine, and ethics.

This book discusses different challenges imposed to the globe following the COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected humans'individual lives, communities, and the world. It has not only affected human's lives but also environmental and natural systems. To better appreciate the pandemic's influence, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches are needed. Also, lessons learned from facing the pandemic are reviewed to be used for combating the upcoming challenges in healthcare settings, mental and psychological health, education, natural resources, energy system, environment balance, economic stability, social relations, etc.

This book focuses on laser-triggered nanobiomaterials for tumor inhibition. In this book, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-mediated cancer PTT through intratumoral or/and intravenous injection is introduced first. The benefits of intratumoral injection and the main factors affecting the retention of materials and permeability in solid tumors have been discussed. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to explore the performance of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles after intravenous injection for tumor-targeted PTT based on several strategies. The latter part probes the gaps to improve magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-mediated PTT through intratumoral and intravenous injection modes. This book also includes discussion on drug-loaded magnetic nanocomposites, magnetic iron oxide/Au nanocomposites, and magnetic iron oxide/semiconductor nanocrystal nanocomposites for combination cancer therapy, and enhanced cancer PTT has also been included as an integral part. This book also summarizes the most investigated photothermal agents, including noble metal nanoparticles, especially gold nanostars, hollow mesoporous copper sulfide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, especially carbon nanotubes and graphic carbon nanocages, black phosphorous nanosheets, conjugated polymer nanoparticles, and organic dye nanoparticles. This book is useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students to better understand this research area. It may also provide useful information for technical nonspecialists whose background is in nanoscience and nanotechnology, biology, medicine, pharmacy, materials, chemistry, and physics.

Blockchain is a new type of technology that combines and secures information exchange between different stakeholders such as medical practitioners, patients, healthcare providers, and other applicable parties. Among them, Blockchain Technology is one of the most important areas in the bioinformatics application of biomedical research and healthcare systems utilizing unique requirements and integration features. All the chapters are written by experts and researchers working in various areas of the biomedical and healthcare domain and they also dive into one of the most overlooked methodological, practical, and moral questions to secure and handle the enormous amount of data being generated from IoT-enabled biomedical and healthcare systems. In the beginning, this book presents an overview and then discusses open issues, challenges, and applicability aspect of Blockchain technology in healthcare. Then, this book presents a variety of perspectives on the most pressing questions in the field, for example: how IoT can connect billions of biomedical and healthcare information; how the blockchain-based secure access control mechanisms in biomedical and healthcare work; how to address the Quality-of-Service (QoS) and real-time accessibility requirements for healthcare applications; and how to ensure communication with efficiency. Also, it discusses Blockchain for IoT-enabled healthcare systems and presents a comparative analysis with respect to various performance evaluation metrics too.

This book provides an insider's overview of the emerging Chinese biopharma sector, its dynamics and trends, first bust and boom cycle, long-term perspectives, and how as a foreign company or investor to tap into this. China has gone from a country with no innovation in drug discovery, to a country which starts to out-license its biopharma technology to the rest of the world. The Chinese biopharma sector is only a decade old, but it already has become a new driver of growth and value. The book takes a closer look at what drives Chinese innovation in the biopharma sector, how to deal with this innovation, and what opportunities and challenges this provides for foreign companies. The book also takes a deep dive into its first biopharma boom and bust cycle, and what it means for the sector. It also explains what deals Chinese biopharma companies and investors are looking for, what works and what doesn't, and how as a foreign company can tap into the world's second largest healthcare market.

This book covers the basic principles and advanced methods used in the advancement of bioelectronics for therapeutic purposes. This book provides a thorough examination of the development and progress in bioelectronics devices and biosensors, emphasizing current improvements in individualized diagnostics using biosensing modules, tools, and approaches. It offers useful insights into the creation of biosensors for individualized healthcare diagnostics by analyzing the underlying principles of sensing methods. This book primarily emphasizes the incorporation of biosensing technologies into wearable, implantable, and biomedical devices. These advancements are transforming healthcare by enabling uninterrupted monitoring and immediate data gathering, ultimately improving patient care. The book also highlights the significance of downsizing biosensor platforms, demonstrating approaches that enhance the compactness and efficiency of these devices while maintaining their performance. The book also discusses point-of-care devices, which are of great importance. These devices are essential in clinical laboratories and care units, such as ICUs and ambulatory settings, since they provide fast, precise, and immediate diagnostic capabilities. The book showcases the most recent breakthroughs in personalized diagnostics via the use of biosensing-based bioelectronics devices, highlighting its capacity to revolutionize the provision of healthcare. This book examines the real-world uses of biosensor technology in customized healthcare throughout various chapters. It explores the customization of these devices to cater to the specific requirements of each patient, enabling accurate and prompt medical treatments. This book is a valuable resource for academics, practitioners, and enthusiasts in the subject of bioelectronics and healthcare. It combines in-depth scientific discussions with practical real-world applications. In essence, this book serves as a foundation for comprehending the profound influence of biosensor technology on personalized health care. This book encourages readers to investigate the promising opportunities that await in the field of bioelectronics, where groundbreaking devices and methods are poised to revolutionize medical diagnostics and patient treatment.

A timely and first-of-its-kind publication in the field, this short handbook on decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) offers a thorough exploration of the potential of DCTs to revolutionize clinical research through innovative approaches, including technology. This concise and easy-to-read publication is especially designed for those who seek to understand and get up-to-speed on what DCTs mean and how to work in this rapidly evolving field. As discussed in Chapter 1, DCTs address barriers to traditional trial participation, promoting accessibility, diversity, equity, and participant engagement. Chapter 2 examines how the COVID-19 pandemic and evolving regulations accelerated the adoption of DCTs, building on their application since the early 2000s. Chapters 3 and 4 highlight remaining operational complexities and the importance of careful trial design to ensure scientific rigor, operational feasibility, and compliance with regulations, ethics, data privacy, and participant safety. The book emphasizes the significance of the FDA's draft guidance on DCTs, detailing investigator responsibilities, local health care providers'use, and essential sponsor considerations. Chapter 5 stresses the need for clear metrics to evaluate DCT adoption's impact on recruitment, retention, diversity, safety, and cost efficiencies. Overall, this guide tracks DCT advancements and encourages readers to contribute to evidence-based integration, meeting participant expectations for convenience and fostering faster, more inclusive clinical studies. Ultimately, this book aims to support the transformation of modern clinical research, developing medical products more efficiently for those in need. A major contribution to the literature on clinical research, this work will be a resourceful tool to anyone interested in embracing decentralized clinical research and improving access and participation for all.

This book provides an overview of the many visualization strategies that have been proposed in recent decades for solving problems within the disciplines of medicine and biology. It also evaluates which visualization techniques applied to various areas of biomedicine have been the most impactful and which challenges can be considered solved using visualization. The topics covered in this book include visualization research in omics, interaction networks and pathways, biological structures, tumor diagnosis and treatment, vasculature, brain, surgery, educational contexts, therapy and rehabilitation, electronic health records, and public health. One chapter is dedicated to general visualization techniques commonly used for biomedical data, such as surface and volume rendering, as well as abstract and illustrative approaches. For each of these areas, the past and present research trends are discussed, highlighting the influential works. Furthermore, the book explains how research is affected by developments in technology, data availability, and domain practice. Individual sections also summarize the typical target users, the nature of the data, and the typical tasks addressed in the given domain. With a uniquely broad scope, the book identifies research trends in biomedical visualization using a manually curated and searchable repository of more than 3,800 publications. The resultant trends are further categorized according to the application field and using natural language processing. The book also utilizes 16 interviews conducted with researchers in the field of biomedical visualization for the purpose of soliciting their opinions regarding the evolution and trends in the domain. The book handles these topics in a concise manner to help readers orient themselves in the already mature and diverse field of biomedical visualization without overwhelming them with technical details. As such, the book can help young researchers to become familiar with past challenges and identify future ones. For more senior researchers, it can serve as an insightful overview of the research field and the direction in which it is heading.

This comprehensive resource explains the FDA's classification of devices and provides expert guidance on differentiating between significant risk and non-significant risk medical device studies. The book is divided into two parts: Significant Risk Medical Devices and Non-Significant Risk Medical Devices. Each chapter includes a general introduction and overview of the device, along with guidance on its working principles, beneficial and toxicological effects, and potential risks to the health and safety of a patient/subject. The coverage also includes reports of prior investigations on the basics of risk determination and the nature of potential harm associated with using individual devices.Significant and Non-Significant Risk Medical Devices is designed to assist practicing engineers, academic researchers, and clinical investigators in navigating the complex regulatory environment associated with medical device research and development.

This textbook highlights the exciting field of nanoneuroscience and its potential to transform how we diagnose and treat neurological disorders.'The Textbook of Nanoneuroscience and Nanoneurosurgery,'dives deep into this emerging field, exploring the latest tools and techniques currently being developed at the nanoscale level. Key areas of focus include: Nanoplatforms: The book explores how scientists utilize materials on a near-microscopic scale for neurosurgery, neurology, and brain imaging applications. Bridging the Gap: Regulatory hurdles for translating research from the lab to real-world use are addressed, paving the way for future advancements. The Future is Now: The book showcases recent breakthroughs already impacting patient care alongside promising areas with significant potential. Collaboration is Key: Insights from over 220 researchers and 5000+ references, along with illustrative figures in B/W and color, provide a comprehensive overview of this dynamic field. With its focus on minimally invasive procedures and the latest regulatory considerations，'The Textbook of Nanoneuroscience and Nanoneurosurgery'equips researchers and medical professionals with the knowledge to develop groundbreaking treatments for neurological conditions. The text also reviews the latest regulatory guidelines that influence the translation of nanotechnological research from the laboratory to the clinic and the most recent information on biodevices and pharmaceutical spinoffs. It highlights presidential and congressional initiatives and programs that may impact the field soon. Some reviews of the First edition of the textbook.'…a significant contribution to the field of nanoneuroscience and nanoneurosurgery … the reader will come away with a deeper understanding of the history of nanotechnology and medicine.'—Neuroscience'This is a monumental first textbook on nanoneurosurgery. … recommended reading for neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, and neuroscientists involved in research on new techniques for application in neurosurgery. Biomedical engineers and various companies developing instruments and devices would benefit from the wealth of information about trends for the development of new technologies for neurosurgery.'K. K. Jain, MD, Basel, Switzerland'Phenomenal body of knowledge in this book that would take eons to collate by myself. Every answer to every one of my questions plus heaps more. Essential reading for everyone interested in the field. A must-have!'Albert Deme'This is an amazing foray into the future of a largely unexplored, but increasingly critical medical domain…..I have learned much from every page of this captivating text, and I highly recommend it to any medical student, researcher, medical professional in the neurosciences, or anyone who has an interest in the human brain and the future of medicine, to gather a glimpse of the incredible and beneficial paradigm shifts that will soon impact the field of neuroscience.'Frank Boehm, British Columbia, Canada

This book delves into diverse facets and applications of medicinal plants. It discusses the metabolic, transcriptomic, and genomic intricacies of medicinal plants, shedding light on their chemical compositions, genetic makeup, and regulatory mechanisms. It includes a chapter on nanotechnology, investigating the influence of nanoparticles on medicinal plants. Subsequent chapters explore functional genomics and genome editing, showcasing innovative approaches to modifying plant genetics. It also discusses plant-associated microorganisms in the microbiome and endophytic fungi. Furthermore, the book addresses the critical issues of genetic diversity, agrotechnology for sustainable production, intellectual property rights, and the impact of various stresses on medicinal plants. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and students of pharmacology, offering a comprehensive understanding of medicinal plants and their evolving role in science and medicine.

This book presents cutting-edge papers and perspectives on the transport of oxygen to tissues by scientists in a multitude of disciplines such as biochemistry, engineering, mathematics, medicine, physics, physiology, veterinary and complementary medicine. The book is composed of the following 7 parts: 50th Anniversary, Brain, Clinical applications, Methods and techniques, Tumor Oxygenation, Tissue oxygenation and Muscle. The articles in this book have been presented at the 50th annual meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT 2023). Academics, clinical and industry researchers, engineers, as well as graduate students who are interested in oxygen transport to tissue will find this book a great reference and a useful learning resource.

The book explores the world of medicinal plants through a groundbreaking and comprehensive book. It delves into high-throughput technologies and multi-omics approaches to unlock the untapped potential of endophytic fungi, revealing novel bioactive compounds. It further talks about the diverse biodiversity and ethnopharmacological knowledge, unravelling the molecular intricacies of secondary metabolites under varying ecological conditions. This gives insights into medicinal plant research, offering cutting-edge insights into genome-based barcoding, nanotechnology, and functional genomics for revolutionary drug discoveries. From proteomic and epigenomic analysis to big data exploration, this book presents a holistic view of medicinal plants'potential and discusses the latest advancements in micropropagation, agronomical approaches, and genome editing, paving the way for transformative medicines and healthcare breakthroughs.It serves as a great resource for academicians, researchers, and pharmacologists.

This book delves into the fascinating realm of eukaryotic gene regulation. The specific expression of genes shapes the phenotype of cells and tissues. The regulation of gene expression, including up- and downregulation, is a fundamental aspect of nearly all physiological processes, both in health and disease. These dynamic processes respond to various daily challenges, such as dietary changes and infections. Therefore, it is crucial for not only biologists and biochemists but also all students in biomedical disciplines to understand gene regulation concepts. This foundational knowledge will benefit them in their specialized fields. A comprehensive understanding of transcription factors and the mechanisms that alter their activity is a fundamental goal of modern life science research. Epigenetics refers to the packaging and accessibility of the genome in each of the trillions of cells in our bodies. The prefix “epi” (meaning “upon,” “above,” or “beyond”) indicates that epigenetic processes do not alter the DNA sequence of our genome, adding a layer of information beyond that encoded in our genome. Genomic DNA is wrapped around complexes of histone proteins, helping it fit into a cell nucleus with a diameter of less than 10 μm. This protein-DNA complex is known as chromatin. The content of this book is linked to the “Molecular Medicine and Genetics” course, which the author has lectured on in various forms since 2002 at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. This book is an updated version of the textbooks “Mechanisms of Gene Regulation” and “Human Epigenomics.” It is divided into 16 chapters. Following two introductory chapters, four chapters explore gene regulation from the perspective of transcription factors, while another four chapters focus on chromatin and non-coding RNA. Three chapters then discuss the impact of epigenetics from a health perspective, and the final three chapters address epigenetics from the perspective of diseases. A glossary in the appendix explains the major specialist terms.

This volume in the book series Healthy Ageing and Longevity focuses on the interaction and co-dependence of the brain and mental health during ageing. A wide-range of topics discussed here include conceptual and historical understanding, descriptive analyses, and evidence-based interventions for the maintenance, enhancement and recovery of the brain and mental health, especially in old age. The emphasis is on the effective biological and psycho-social lifestyle factors, and complementary medicine and traditional cultural practices that could be health beneficial. Potential readership includes the early stage- and experienced researchers in biogerontology and cognitive sciences, and college/university teachers, medical practitioners, health care personnel, and public educationists.

This book comprehensively covers critically investigated information on medicinal plants prioritized for their anti-allergy properties. It offers insights into strategies related to the distribution, mechanism of action, and assessment of antiallergic medicinal plants, and also delves into crucial aspects of modern biotechnological tools, addressing their implementation challenges, presenting innovative approaches through case studies, and exploring opportunities for nanotechnologies. These elaborated discussions aim to raise awareness and bridge the gap between human health and the biodiversity of antiallergic medicinal plants. As the book navigates the uncertainties of plant-based medicines in the post-COVID-19 era, it provides real-world applications showcasing the specific utility of medicinal plants through advanced biotechnological insights. This book covers several medicinal plants associated with antiallergy, exploring their modes of action, available secondary metabolites,and estimation methods. It also emphasizes all modern biotechnological interventions aimed at propagating, multiplying, and conserving this unique treasure trove of medicinal plants. The World Health Organization estimated that 80% of the populations of developing countries rely on traditional medicines, mostly plant drugs, for their primary health care needs. Increasing demand in both developing and developed countries resulted in the expanding trade of medicinal plants and has serious implications for the survival of several plant species, with many under threat of becoming extinct. This book describes various approaches to conserving these genetic resources. It discusses the whole spectrum of biotechnological tools from micro-propagation for large-scale multiplication and cell-culture techniques to the biosynthesis and enhancement of pharmaceutical compounds in plants. It also discusses the genetic transformation as well as short- to long-term conservation of plant genetic resources via synthetic seed production and cryopreservation, respectively. This reference book is useful for researchers in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries, medicinal chemists, biochemists, botanists, molecular biologists, academicians, students as well as allergic patients, traditional medicine practitioners, scientists in medicinal and aromatic plants, and other traditional medical practitioners.

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) manifest multidimensionally, presenting a syndromic nature with several symptomatic domains. These are driven by dynamic systemic biological changes that unfold over the course of the disease. Thus far, the diagnosis is solely based on symptoms, which may be rather subjective, moving research toward the search for SSD biomarkers. This book presents a summary of the main hypotheses that have evolved over time to explain the pathophysiology of SSD and that have driven the discovery of associated biomarkers: neurotrophic, neurotransmitter, neuroendocrine, immune-inflammatory, nitrosative/oxidative stress, metabolic, and gut microbiota-brain axis. The book shows the most relevant research carried out in the last twelve years to develop predictive, diagnostic, theranostic or transdiagnostic models based on these biomarkers using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Chapters also discuss how the literature has addressed the development and/or addition of new discriminatory biomarkers to achieve robust and successful results. The book is rounded out with a step-by-step explanation on how to work on the MetaboAnalyst platform, including the meaning of the chosen statistics and how to interpret them in the results obtained. This book is a useful resource for students and scientists involved in the discovery of biomarkers for psychiatric disorders and other diseases.

The first of two companion books addressed the biology and clinical aspects of ovarian cancer. The companion title, Ovarian Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies, discussed both classic and the most recent imaging approaches for detection, early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. This volume, Cell & Molecular Biology of Ovarian Cancer, covers classic and modern cell and molecular biology as well as genetics, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, progression to metastasis, and treatment strategies including clinical trials related to ovarian cancer. Taken together, these two volumes form one comprehensive and invaluable contribution to the literature.The first of two companion books addressed the biology and clinical aspects of ovarian cancer. The companion title, Ovarian Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies, discussed both classic and the most recent imaging approaches for detection, early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. This volume, Cell & Molecular Biology of Ovarian Cancer, covers classic and modern cell and molecular biology as well as genetics, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, progression to metastasis, and treatment strategies including clinical trials related to ovarian cancer. Taken together, these two volumes form one comprehensive and invaluable contribution to the literature.

This book comprehensively covers various aspects of biobased nanomaterials, including their types, fabrication methods, characterization techniques, and applications in different fields. The book starts with an introduction to biobased nanomaterials, highlighting their significance in various fields due to their unique properties. The first few chapters cover the different types of biobased nanomaterials, their properties, and how they are extracted from various natural sources. The methods of fabrication of biobased nanomaterials are discussed in detail, including the techniques for controlling their size, shape, and composition. It then delves into the characterization of biobased nanomaterials, discussing the different techniques used to determine their properties, including their morphology, size, structure, and composition. The subsequent chapters explore the various applications of biobased nanomaterials in different fields such as environmental applications, wound healing, tissue engineering, food industry, agriculture, sensing technology, biomedical applications, and energy storage devices. The advantages of biobased nanomaterials over traditional nanomaterials are highlighted, including their biodegradability and sustainability. The environmental concerns associated with biobased nanomaterials, as well as the health and safety concerns, are also discussed. The book concludes by looking at the prospects of biobased nanomaterials and how they can contribute to sustainable development. Overall, the book is an informative and comprehensive book that provides a thorough understanding of biobased nanomaterials and their various applications. It is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals in various fields such as materials science, chemistry, biology, and environmental science. alike.

Nanomedicine biotechnology is applied to and used to study drug development, working mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapies. This textbook particularly written for biomedical applications of nanomedicine covers the whole range of disease treatments related to nanomedicine. This book serves the purpose of highlighting the current advancements of nanomedicines-based regimens which may be employed in disease treatment while it also contains the fundamental knowledge for biomedical researchers from all levels. Each chapter starts with an introduction/theory into the specified approaches for various disease states followed by detailed discussions for a comprehensive understanding. This book best suits advanced level students, but also provides an excellent updated material for researchers and healthcare workers related to nanomedicine and diseases treatment.

This volume offers insights into human challenge studies, where adult volunteers are deliberately infected with a pathogen of interest. These studies can broaden our knowledge on infections that have a rather low natural infection rate, but still bear a great threat to global health. The authors also present instances, where no suitable animal model is available to help understand human immune responses to a specific pathogen. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is another example, where studies that are directly conducted in humans, could save valuable time. Human challenge studies can provide immunogenicity and early efficacy data for vaccine development. However, similar models could be used for studying a wide variety of medical treatments such as monoclonal antibodies, antibiotics, antivirals and bacteriophages. The chapters in this volume cover several pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites, scientific and technical aspects as well as descriptions of regulatory, ethical and manufacturing requirements. The book serves as a valuable resource for scientists and clinicians working on human pathogens.

This book delves into the various aspects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and its role in cardiovascular disorders. It explores the use of anti-hypertensive agents, with a focus on (ACE) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The chapters cover topics such as the preferred use of ACE inhibitors over ARBs in high-risk patients, the impact of these agents on insulin resistance, their role in acute heart failure and peripheral artery disease, and their immunomodulatory activity in hypertensive patients. Additionally, the book examines the role of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in COVID-19 patients and provides insights into recent trends in managing hypertension through RAAS inhibition. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals involved in the field of cardiovascular medicine.

The Mongolian gerbil brain lies in the anatomy of the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain. In all mammals, there is a special mechanism that compensates for the decreased blood flow to the brain in the case of development of stroke. This mechanism is missing in the gerbil and therefore makes the Mongolian gerbil a unique model for stroke. Dr. Mayevsky adopted the gerbil as a model for stroke and his laboratory uniquely studied the mitochondria in the gerbil brain under various pathophysiological conditions.This book describes the history of the Mongolian gerbil in research, the brain energy metabolism and mitochondrial function and brain real-time monitoring systems used in gerbils, as well as the brain vasculature of the Mongolian gerbil. Further, the book includes chapters on brain multisite recording under brain perturbations, multiparametric responses to brain activation, and the effect of neuroprotectants on the gerbil brain. This is an ideal book for research teams researching stroke and epilepsy.

This book discusses different challenges imposed to the globe following the COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected humans'individual lives, communities, and the world. It has not only affected human's lives but also environmental and natural systems. To better appreciate the pandemic's influence, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches are needed. Also, lessons learned from facing the pandemic are reviewed to be used for combating the upcoming challenges in healthcare settings, mental and psychological health, education, natural resources, energy system, environment balance, economic stability, social relations, etc.

This book has expanded classic concept of immunology. Immunoglobulins have been widely discovered to be produced by many non-B cells. The non B cell-derived Igs display multifunction, which not only includes antibody activities and cellular biological functions under physiological conditions, but also directly participate in the pathological process of malignant tumour and immune-related diseases. This book provides new perspectives and a solid foundation for medical students, basic and clinical scientists to re-understand and broaden the physiological and pathological significance of Ig.

This book describes the basic concepts and recent advances in new discoveries and technologies related to microbial omics and their role in environmental research and human health. The term'omics'refers to a blend of high-throughput analysis and traditional methods including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics for a variety of applications in the field of life sciences, biomedical sciences, environmental sciences, and related industries. The book aims to fill the existing gap in terms of a comprehensive approach that incorporates recent advances in this dynamic field and provides an answer to why this field requires an interdisciplinary research approach. The focus of this book is on the applications of genomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, integrative omics, machine learning and microbiome research in environmental health, disease, wastewater epidemiology, antibiotic resistance, drug discovery, cancer, production of secondary metabolites of microbial origin, oxidative stress alleviating mechanisms, etc. The overall construction of this book emphasizes three major perspectives, namely, elaborate knowledge from fundamentals to recent advances in technologies about omics in general and its application in microbiology, environment, and health in particular; illustrative figures capable of easy visualization of complex pathways; and serving as a platform for highly demanded bioinformatics strategies including relevant codes, programming scripts, machine learning and use of artificial intelligence strategies needed to streamline the research outcomes. With global contributions from authors from internationally renowned organizations who excel in relevant research, this book will benefit bibliophiles and prospective audiences from the research fraternity, academia, professionals, and experts in the field of life sciences, biomedical as well as industries related to the development of drug design and novel advances in biotechnological applications.

This book introduces all common errors in medical science fields and the ways to control them. Systematic errors could be controlled both during study design and statistical analysis. Some errors have been presented in small segments but not in a comprehensive book. It covers many common errors that usually affect the research proposals, final reports, theses, and scientific presentations in the field of medical sciences as well as the rejection reasons on scientific papers. It will help researchers to control common errors using epidemiological and statistical methods.

This book provides a complete guide to all the aspects to consider during planning, establishing and managing ethically and efficiently research animal care and use programs, taking into account all stakeholders involved in the process. Practical information on how to address the general and particular needs of all animal care and use program areas is provided. Consequently, the reader is supported with getting their project ethically and legally compliant, and implemented efficiently with organizing safe and appropriate facilities and equipment as well as hiring sufficiently trained personnel. Furthermore, strategies for impactful internal and external communication are outlined. Responsible use of animals in research can be nothing but teamwork. The environment and professional experience of all involved stakeholders are the key for ensuring quality science, as well as animal and personnel welfare. Research animal care and use programs represent a complex system in which animals, legislation and good practices, facility personnel and researchers interact on a daily basis. Thoughtful planning from the first step ensures animal welfare and improves the quality of in vivo experimentation. This book addresses animal program managers, veterinarians, researchers and technicians working in research animal facilities. Chapter 18 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This volume focuses on target-oriented approximations to drug discovery, including target selection, binding pocket detection, and current uses and variants of molecular dynamics and molecular docking. The primary audience is PhD and graduates working in the field of molecular biology, structural biology, pharmaceutical sciences.

This book reviews all aspects of major depressive disorder (MDD), casting light on its neurobiological underpinnings and describing the most recent advances in management. The book is divided into four sections, the first of which discusses MDD from a network science perspective, highlighting the alterations in functional and structural connectivity and presenting insights achieved through resting state functional MRI and the development of neuroimaging-based biomarkers. The second section examines important diagnostic and neurobiological issues, while the third considers the currently available specific treatments for MDD, including biofeedback, neurofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, neuromodulation therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and complementary and alternative medicine. A concluding section is devoted to promising emerging treatments, from novel psychopharmacological therapies through to virtual reality treatment, immunotherapy, biomarker-guided tailored therapy, and more. Written by leading experts from across the world, the book will be an excellent source of information for both researchers and practitioners.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of plants and plant-derived phytochemicals in the management of cardiovascular diseases. It presents the cardioprotective potential of plants and phytochemicals, covering various preclinical models, assays, and clinical research protocols of plant medicine for cardioprotection. Chapters cover the role of plants and phytochemicals in prevention and cure of atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, cardiotoxicity and the underlying pharmacological, molecular, biochemical, and immunobiological mechanisms. The book also includes toxicological aspects (safety evaluations), meta-analysis of clinical trials, critical assessments, drawbacks and challenges for adopting phytomedical approaches in evidence-based medicine for the treatment of CVDs. Screening methods and plant foods for cardioprotection are also covered. The book will be a reference for all researchers working on the role of plant-based products on cardiovascular systems and on cardioprotective agents of plant origin. It will be useful for students, researchers, physicians, nurses, industrial scientists, nutritionists, pharmacists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, botanists, and traditional medicine practitioners. In particular, researchers working on heart problems, diseases, toxicity, physicians treating patients with heart problems, hospitals, pharmacy institutions, pharmacy students and researchers, ethnobotanists, and people working in traditional medicine will find this book useful.

This edited volume encompasses chapters on novel and innovative research in the applications of leading digital technologies in an accessible and engaging way. By utilising cutting edge and ever progressive technology in visualization, it will enhance our understanding and application in our everyday lives. This volume shows how we can use Extended Reality, 3D animations and serious games to benefit the learner, educator, clinician, patient, parent and carer. Visualization techniques like Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality and show how they can be utilised to improve training and understanding of anatomy, surgery, and clinical assessment. This is covered specifically for emergency practitioners in enhancing their understanding of ECG's for potential myocardial infarction by using augmented reality. From a translational medicine perspective and pre-operative pediatric surgical planning, the benefits of augmented reality are examined as to what might be found intra-operatively from imaging techniques. Educational applications of digital technologies using serious games and Extended Reality are examined. We show how Mixed Reality can aid understanding in cellular anatomy for our learners and researchers alike. We also show how serious games can have applications in diverse areas like parasite infections and neuroanatomy education and training. Finally, from a clinical perspective, the use of 3D animations and their applications is discussed for vertebral fractures and increasing parent/carer awareness through interactive applications. Also, the use of 3D animations in cerebral magnetic resonance angiography for global education highlights the great benefits of these tools and technologies. There is something for the researcher, clinician, educator, patient, and carer as we explore novel technologies. These are applied locally, nationally and globally as we advance our understanding of the world changing influence that digital technologies have on our day-to-day life.

This book reviews the physiological and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles (EV) of different cell types. The initial chapter of the book focuses on their evolution, physiological functions, inter- and intra-cellular communication, and their strategic applications in defining different health disorders including aging, pathogenicity, toxicity, and drug delivery. The chapter also provides an overview of recent technologies for EV isolation, analysis, and quantification. The chapter also examines the role of EVs in viral and bacterial pathogenesis and discusses the emerging potential of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. It also discusses the emerging role of EVs including endosome-derived exosomes and fragments of the cellular plasma membrane in intercellular communication by transporting messenger RNA, microRNA (miRNA), and proteins. The book further explores the potential of membrane vesicles in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of inflammatory diseases,metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. This book address researchers, clinicians, and doctoral and graduate students working in cellular molecular biology, cancer biology, infectious diseases, molecular medicine, biomedicine, neurobiology, microbiology, and translational medicine.

This book explores the potential benefits of turmeric, and specifically curcumin, in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. The book covers various aspects of turmeric, including its traditional use in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine, secondary metabolites, curcuminoids, and sesquiterpenoids found in turmeric, as well as the use of nano curcumin in neurodegenerative diseases. It discusses the different ways in which turmeric can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including as a therapy for brain diseases, curcumin-induced neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia, and neural stem cell therapy in combination with curcumin. It also discusses the role of nano curcumin in neurodegenerative diseases, including its potential use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The book provides the scientific evidence behind the use of turmeric and its compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Overall, this bookis an invaluable resource for researchers and healthcare professionals interested in exploring the potential benefits of turmeric and curcumin in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

Now in its 2nd edition, this manual describes laboratory methodology for the diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases. The book describes a spectrum of tests, from simple screening methods via classical methods that are operational in most (if not all) biochemical laboratories, to analytical methods that depend on technologies that very few are currently employing in their labs, but are certainly the functional techniques in a biochemical laboratory in this post-genomics era. Each chapter is sufficiently detailed to be self-contained, thus enabling laboratory specialists to adopt the method in their own laboratory and obviating the need for additional methods or references. The second updated edition of the book is unique in that it is the first of its kind to be published in the last 13 years, and individual chapters have been developed by experts in the field citing both established and cutting-edge (omics) technology. Thus, it is an indispensable resource for researchers and clinicians working on the field of inherited metabolic diseases and those interested in laboratory diagnoses.

This book provides a comprehensive and essential resource for healthcare professionals, researchers and students interested in the field of hospital logistics. Hospital logistics is a complex process encompassing a wide range of design, planning, and execution activities, providing essential support for the production of healthcare services in all their forms. It is at once strategic, tactical and operational. Its scope ranges from the design and implementation of care units and healthcare facility networks, to the procurement of expensive drugs and medical equipment, the planning of human and material resources (beds, operating theaters, transport, etc.), and the management of stocks of drugs, blood and other health products. The role of hospital logistics is essential in guaranteeing the accessibility, quality and efficiency of care. It helps to optimize care production processes, reduce costs and improve workflow management. It offers an in-depth exploration of the key issues, best practices and technological advances in this critical field.

The book offers a comprehensive exploration of cutting-edge nano-sensor technologies and their critical role in the field of biomedicine. This book covers a diverse range of topics, from fluorescence-based nanosensors that detect and quantify nanovesicles at the nanoscale to the recent advances in nano biosensors for agriculture and health applications. It provides valuable insights into the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications, highlighting eco-friendly approaches to nanomaterial production. The use of FRET-based tools for real-time quantification of vitamins and bioimaging is also extensively discussed, presenting innovative techniques for analysis. The book further delves into the potential of nanosensors in medicine, exploring the characteristic features that make them promising candidates for various medical applications. It also covers the application of fluorescent biosensors for intracellular signalling analysis, paving the way for understanding complex cellular processes. The book also discusses the use of nanosensors for monitoring blood clotting disorders, offering new possibilities for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. It also presents fluorescent probes for detecting gas transmitters, such as H2S, CO, and NO, which have significant implications in the field of gas sensing and medical research. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and professionals in the fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and medicine, offering ground-breaking insights into the rapidly evolving world of nano sensors and their significant impact on healthcare and diagnostics.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a prevalent post-translational modification of numerous intracellular proteins. This modification has recently emerged as a key regulator of various important biological processes, including gene transcription, stress response, metabolic homeostasis, and immune regulation. Given the critical role of O-GlcNAc in normal physiology, increasing evidence has now demonstrated that deregulation of O-GlcNAc is closely associated with the development and progression of various diseases, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress and understanding of this modification in biology, and likely provides new research directions in the future.

This book aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic understanding of research on extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are nano-sized lipid bilayer encapsulated membranes carrying proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. They are shed by the majority of the cells into the extracellular milieu and present in many biological fluids (blood, urine, saliva, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, follicular fluid, semen, lung lavage, and tears). With numerous research publications in recent years, the study of EVs is the emerging field across plenty of disciplines. Many researches and efforts have shown their biogenesis, multiple roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes, and their potential roles as therapeutic agents. The book is organized by outstanding scientists in EV field from the Chinese Society for Extracellular Vesicle (CSEV). It covers the biological basic research of EVs, especially on technologies and methods, as well as the clinical application of EVs as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapy.

Emergence of lifestyle diseases, e.g., type II diabetes, cancers, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, liver cirrhosis, etc., are exponentially increasing day by day. Modern drifts toward the utilization of herbal medicines in different healthcare aspects necessitate (demand) the replacement of synthetic molecules with phytoconstituents because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, economic extraction process, and ready availability from the natural source. This book provides a thorough insight into the comprehensive and up-to-date trends of phytomedicines in the management of lifestyle diseases and its mechanisms, modern methods of extraction and purification of phytoconstituents, and chemical characterization as well as standardization of phytoconstituents using modern equipments.