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There is a dearth of literature in physical therapy education regarding factors students believe to influence success, and little to no literature describing such beliefs related to hybrid education in the health professions or specific to physical therapy. The overarching purpose of this investigation was to determine students' perceptions of factors they believe influence their success in a hybrid Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program and to compare their perceptions with students in a traditional DPT program. Subjects were recruited from two programs within one university--a hybrid DPT program and a traditional DPT program. The goal was to include variables related to both the individual student (I) and educational environment (E). Since this study was conducted to investigate student perceptions of success, the researchers used a descriptive methodology called Q-Sort because it characterizes opinions through comparative rank ordering (Portney & Watkins, 2015). Findings showed that while both hybrid and traditional students perceive time management, academic work ethic, and ability to prioritize study focus as strongly influencing student success, self-initiation in learning, problem-solving, and organization of courses were perceived by only hybrid DPT program students as factors influencing success whereas the instructors' ability to organize course material was only identified by the traditional DPT students. Further, there was consensus in the hybrid DPT cohort regarding factors influencing success compared to traditional DPT students.

Introduction: Asymmetrical sensorimotor function after stroke creates unique challenges for bipedal tasks such as walking or perturbation-induced reactive stepping. Preference for initiating steps with the less-involved (preferred) leg after a perturbation has been reported with limited information on the stepping response of the more-involved (non-preferred) leg. Understanding the capacity of both legs to respond to a perturbation would enhance the design of future treatment approaches. This pilot study investigated the difference in perturbation-induced stepping between legs in stroke participant and non-impaired controls. We hypothesized that stepping performance will be different between groups as well as between legs for post-stroke participants.Methods: Thirty-six participants (20 persons post-stroke, 16 age matched controls) were given an anterior perturbation from three stance positions: symmetrical (SS), preferred asymmetrical (PAS−70% body weight on the preferred leg), and non-preferred asymmetrical (N-PAS−70% body weight on the non-preferred leg). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected to measure anticipatory postural adjustment (APA), characteristics of the first step (onset, length, height, duration), number of steps, and velocity of the body at heel strike. Group differences were tested using the Mann-Whitney U-test and differences between legs tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with an alpha level of 0.05.Results: Stepping with the more-involved leg increased from 11.5% of trials in SS and N-PAS up to 46% in PAS stance position for participants post-stroke. Post-stroke participants had an earlier APA and always took more steps than controls to regain balance. However, differences between post-stroke and control participants were mainly found when stance position was modified. Compare to controls, steps with the preferred leg (N-PAS) were earlier and shorter (in time and length), whereas steps with the non-preferred leg (PAS) were also shorter but took longer. For post-stroke participants, step duration was longer and utilized more steps when stepping with the more-involved leg compared to the less-involved leg.Conclusions: Stepping with the more-involved leg can be facilitated by unweighting the leg. The differences between groups, and legs in post-stroke participants illustrate the simultaneous bipedal role (support and stepping) both legs have in reactive stepping and should be considered for reactive balance training.

An ostomy is an artificial opening in the body for the purpose of eliminating excretions from a working organ or for providing nourishment. Artificial openings may be from the stomach, intestine, urinary bladder, kidney, or trachea. The stoma is the terminal end of the ostomy, or the opening that is visible on the surface of the skin. This article will discuss stoma creation and the care of a stoma, as well as the complications and effects of living with one. Although the focus of this article is urinary stomas, the care is similar for all types. It is imperative that all care providers understand stoma care and potential problems that may arise. There are ongoing issues of quality of life for children with stomas, including body image and peer reaction. School nurses are in a unique position to educate children and families on the proper care of a stoma, to recognize potential complication, and to educate staff and student peers. (Contains 2 tables and 5 figures.)

We demonstrate that both Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) contain regions in their 5' UTRs that stall and repress the enzymatic activity of the cellular 5'-3' exoribonuclease XRN1, resulting in dramatic changes in the stability of cellular mRNAs. We used biochemical assays, virus infections, and transfection of the HCV and BVDV 5' untranslated regions in the absence of other viral gene products to directly demonstrate the existence and mechanism of this novel host-virus interaction. In the context of HCV infection, we observed globally increased stability of mRNAs resulting in significant increases in abundance of normally short-lived mRNAs encoding a variety of relevant oncogenes and angiogenesis factors. These findings suggest that non-coding regions from multiple genera of the Flaviviridae interfere with XRN1 and impact post-transcriptional processes, causing global dysregulation of cellular gene expression which may promote cell growth and pathogenesis.

Mutations in the LRRK2 gene, coding for dardarin, cause dominantly inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). Dardarin is a large protein, and mutations are found throughout the gene including the kinase domain. However, it is not clear if kinase activity is important for the damaging effects of pathogenic mutations. In this study, we noted two cellular phenotypes associated with mutant dardarin. First, pathogenic mutations increase the tendency of dardarin to form inclusion bodies. Secondly, neurons and neuronal cell lines undergo cell death after expression of mutant protein. Manipulating activity by replacing the kinase domain with a ‘kinase-dead’ version blocks inclusion body formation and strongly delays cell death. This predicts that kinase inhibitors will be useful therapeutic agents in patients with LRRK2 mutations and, perhaps, in sporadic PD. We also show that dardarin protein is expressed within human midbrain neurons and that C-terminal epitopes are also found in some Lewy bodies.

Introduction. This study was a mixed-methods, multisite design, which aimed to determine incidence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students and to explore the lived experience of students managing mental illness while completing their academic requirements. Methods. Surveys were emailed to DPT programs and forwarded to students. Students enrolled in 238 DPT programs across the United Sates were eligible for inclusion. A total of 1,238 students completed both surveys. Of those who completed the surveys, 20 volunteers were randomly selected for and completed telephone interviews. Doctor of Physical Therapy students (N = 1,228) completed 2 surveys, including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS); 20 of these students volunteered to interview. Students who volunteered were invited to participate based on the DASS results. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews were completed. Results. Doctor of Physical Therapy students were found to have higher DASS scores than their age-matched peers in Depression t(1,227) = 2.91, P = .029; Anxiety t(1,227) = 7.33, P ≤ .005; and Stress t(1,227) = 10.76, P ≤ .005. First-year students were found to have significantly higher levels of anxiety (P = .001) and stress (P = .019) as compared with third-year students. Four major themes emerged from the interview data. Theme 4-Fear of Failure Drives Perfection was familiar to the construct of social perfectionism (SP), which has been linked to maladaptive tendencies and mental health disorders, including suicidal ideation. Discussion/Conclusions. Doctor of Physical Therapy students have statistically higher DASS scores when compared with their age-matched peers. First-year students seem to be at higher risk for developing anxiety and stress. The construct of SP may influence the depression, anxiety, and stress described by DPT students. Doctor of Physical Therapy programs may want to consider methods to identify maladaptive perfectionism and strategies to enhance students' ability to manage factors affecting their mental health based on the qualitative findings of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Abnormal postural sway is associated with an increase in risk of falls but is difficult for clinicians to accurately quantify without access to laboratory equipment. Instrumenting clinical outcome measures using body-worn movement monitors is a low-cost alternative. This is the first study to compare the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration for Balance (i-mCTSIB) to the laboratory test of the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) with dynamic posturography in a group of participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) and subtle balance limitations. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the concurrent validity of the i-mCTSIB with the SOT (6 and 4 conditions) and (2) compare the i-mCTSIB and the SOT to differentiate between individuals with and without recent falls within the previous 6 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 26 participants with idiopathic PD who had a Motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score of 32.7 (13.5) out of 108. Results: The composite and conditions 1 and 4 of the i-mCTSIB and SOT scores were significantly correlated: composite scores r = -0.64 ( P ≤ .001), C1 r = -0.43 ( P = .03), C3 r = -0.60 ( P ≤ .01), and C4 r = -0.54 ( P ≤ .001). A significant difference was observed in mean i-mCTSIB composite scores between fallers and nonfallers ( P = .04). In contrast, the SOT composite was not significantly different between fallers and nonfallers ( P = 0.31). Discussion: The results suggest that the i-mCTSIB may be a valid and clinically meaningful measure of sensory orga- nization in persons with PD, even those with mild postural instability as measured by the median Hoehn and Yahr score (2.0). Future research should evaluate predictive validity of the i-mCTSIB for prospective falls. Conclusion: The instrumented mCTSIB with portable, body- worn movement allows clinicians to quantify abnormal postural sway without the ceiling effects of clinical balance testing or the expense and importability of force plate technology in the SOT. Instrumenting mCTSIB may also distinguish between fallers and nonfallers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]