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28 results on '"Blackler, K."'

1. ICRF results in D-T plasmas in JET and TFTR and implications for ITER

Author

Adams, JM, Ageladarakis, P, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Amasov, V, Arshad, S, Andrew, P, Andrew, Y, Bailey, D, Bainbridge, N, Balet, B, Baranov, Y, Barker, P, Barnsley, R, Baronian, M, Bartlett, DV, Bell, AC, Bertalot, L, Bertolini, E, Bhatnagar, V, Bickley, AJ, Bindslev, H, Blackler, K, Bond, D, Bonicelli, T, Borba, D, Brandon, M, Breger, P, Brelen, H, Brennan, P, Brewerton, WJ, Browne, ML, Budd, T, Budny, R, Burt, A, Businaro, T, Buzio, M, Caldwell-Nicholls, C, Campling, D, Card, P, Challis, CD, Chankin, AV, Chiron, D, Christiansen, J, Chuilon, P, Ciric, D, Claesen, R, Clarke, HE, Clement, S, Coad, JP, Coffey, I, Conroy, S, Conway, G, Cooper, S, Cordey, JG, Corrigan, G, Cottrell, G, Cox, M, Cox, SJ, Cusack, R, Davies, N, Davies, SJ, Davis, JJ, de Benedetti, M, de Esch, H, de Haas, J, Deksnis, E, Deliyanakis, N, Dines, A, Dmitrenko, SL, Dobbing, J, Dolgetta, N, Dorling, SE, Doyle, PG, Duquenoy, H, Edwards, AM, Edwards, AW, Egedal, J, Ehrenberg, J, Ekedahl, A, Elevant, T, Ellis, J, Endler, M, Erents, SK, Ericsson, G, Esposito, B, Eriksson, LG, Falter, H, Farthing, JW, Fichtmuller, M, Fishpool, G, Fullard, K, Gadeberg, M, Galbiati, L, Gibson, A, Gill, RD, Godden, D, Gondhalekar, A, Goodall, D, and Gormezano, C

Subjects
Fluids & Plasmas, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences
Published
1998

3. The JET fast central acquisition and trigger system

Author

Blackler, K. and Edwards, A.W.

Subjects
Information storage and retrieval systems -- Design and construction, Plasma spectroscopy -- Information management, Nuclear research -- Information management, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

This paper describes a new data acquisition system at JET which uses Texas TMS320C40 parallel digital signal processors and the HELIOS parallel operating system to reduce the large amounts of experimental data produced by fast diagnostics. This unified system features a two level trigger system which performs real-time activity detection together with asynchronous event classification and selection. This provides automated data reduction during an experiment. The system's application to future fusion machines which have almost continuous operation is discussed.

Published
1994

5. Real-time Plasma Control at JET using an ATM network

Author

Felton, R., Blackler, K., Dorling, S., Goodyear, A., Hemming, O., Knight, P., Lennholm, M., Milani, F., Sartori, F., and Young, I.

Subjects
Nuclear research -- Equipment and supplies, Nuclear engineering -- Equipment and supplies, Plasma confinement -- Equipment and supplies, Control systems -- Management, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The Joint European Tokamak (JET) contains a toroidal plasma at near-breakeven conditions for several seconds. The Plasma Shape Control System (PPCC-SC) drives poloidal field coils. It determines the plasma boundary using the XLOC algorithm and data from the Magnetics Measurement System, KC1D. The additional heating systems, NB (Neutral Beam), ICRH (Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating), and ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating) can be controlled by real-time algorithms on the RTSS (Real-Time Signal Server). The Wall Load Limit System limits the power applied to the vessel. Also, experimental systems analyze data in realtime, e.g. RT-BETA-LI calculates Wdia, Beta, Li, etc., and RT-EFIT calculates the current profiles and flux-surfaces. These systems are hosted on a variety of hardware/software platforms, including - VME/VxWorks, TMS320C40 DSP/native code, and PC/WindowsNT. They communicate using ethernet, fibre-optic point-to-point links, or with reflective memory. To improve reliability and flexibility, a new real-time data network (RTDN) is being developed, using standard ATM components. Simple tests on ATM connections indicate that, for packets of a few hundred bytes, point-to-point transfers take less then 250 [micro]s, which is adequate. ATM links for the DSP systems have been developed, based on a PowerPC VME card. A simple message protocol, application programmer interface, and data presentation tools have also been developed.

Published
2000

6. Presence of diabetes risk factors in a large U.S. eighth-grade cohort

Author

Baranowski, T., Baranowski, J., Canada, A., Cullen, K., Russell (Russ) Jago, Missaghian, M., Thompson, D., Thompson, V., Walker, B., Cooper, D. M., Bassin, S., Blackler, K., Culler, F., Ford, D., Galassetti, P., Harrell, J., Mcmurray, R. G., Buse, J., Morris, M. A., Kirby, K., Hirst, K., Edelstein, S., El Ghormli, L., Grau, S., Pyle, L., Linder, B., Marcovina, S., Kaufman, F. R., Goran, M., and Resnicow, K.

Subjects
education
Abstract

© 2006 by the American Diabetes Association. OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted in 12 middle schools to determine the prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes, and diabetes risk factors in eighth-grade students who were predominantly minority and evaluate the feasibility of collecting physical and laboratory data in schools. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Anthropometric measurements and fasting and 2-h post-glucose load blood draws were obtained from ∼ 1,740 eighth-grade students. RESULTS: Mean recruitment rate was 50% per school, 49% had BMI ≥85th percentile, 40.5% had fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dl, 0.4% had fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl, and 2.0% had 2-h glucose ≥140 mg/dl and 0.1% ≥200 mg/dl. Mean fasting insulin value was 30.1 μU/ml, 36.2% had fasting insulin ≥30 μU/ml, and 2-h mean insulin was 102.1 μU/ml. Fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin values increased across BMI percentiles, and fasting glucose was highest in Hispanic and Native American students. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of risk factors for diabetes, including impaired fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dl), hyperinsulinism suggestive of insulin resistance (fasting insulin ≥30 μU/ml), and BMI ≥85th percentile. These data suggest that middle schools are appropriate targets for population-based efforts to decrease overweight and diabetes risk.

Published
2006

7. Geocoding multilingual texts: Recognition, disambiguation and visualisation

Author

Pouliquen, B., Kimler, M., Steinberger, R., Ignat, C., Oellinger, T., Blackler, K., Fluart, F., wajdi zaghouani, Widiger, A., Forslund, A. -C, and Best, C.

Subjects
H.3.4, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Computation and Language, H.3.3, H.3.1, Computation and Language (cs.CL), Information Retrieval (cs.IR), Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

We are presenting a method to recognise geographical references in free text. Our tool must work on various languages with a minimum of language-dependent resources, except a gazetteer. The main difficulty is to disambiguate these place names by distinguishing places from persons and by selecting the most likely place out of a list of homographic place names world-wide. The system uses a number of language-independent clues and heuristics to disambiguate place name homographs. The final aim is to index texts with the countries and cities they mention and to automatically visualise this information on geographical maps using various tools., Comment: 6 pages

Published
2006
Full Text
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10. Overview of JET results in support of the ITER physics basis

Author

Adams, JM, Ageladarakis, P, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Arshad, S, Bainbridge, N, Balet, B, Baranov, Y, Barker, P, Barnsley, R, Bartlett, DV, Begue, ML, Bell, AC, Bertalot, L, Bertolini, E, Beurskens, M, Bevil, C, Bickley, AJ, Bigi, M, Bird, S, Blackler, K, Bond, D, Borba, D, Brando, Adams, JM, Ageladarakis, P, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Arshad, S, Bainbridge, N, Balet, B, Baranov, Y, Barker, P, Barnsley, R, Bartlett, DV, Begue, ML, Bell, AC, Bertalot, L, Bertolini, E, Beurskens, M, Bevil, C, Bickley, AJ, Bigi, M, Bird, S, Blackler, K, Bond, D, Borba, D, and Brando

Abstract

The JET experimental campaign has focused on studies in support of the ITER physics basis. An overview of the results obtained is given for the reference ELMy H mode and advanced scenarios, which in JET are based on internal transport barriers. JET studi, Addresses: Adams JM, UKAEA, Harwell Lab, Harwell OX11 0RA, Berks, England. UKAEA, Harwell Lab, Harwell OX11 0RA, Berks, England. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. AF Ioffe Inst, Moscow, Russia. Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, Eng

Published
2001

16. ICRF results in D-T plasmas in JET and TFTR and implications for ITER

Author

Adams, JM, Ageladarakis, P, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Amasov, V, Arshad, S, Andrew, P, Andrew, Y, Bailey, D, Bainbridge, N, Balet, B, Baranov, Y, Barker, P, Barnsley, R, Baronian, M, Bartlett, DV, Bell, AC, Bertalot, L, Bertolini, E, Bhatnagar, V, Bickley, AJ, Bindslev, H, Blackler, K, Bond, D, Bonicelli, T, Borba, D, Brandon, M, Breger, P, Brelen, H, Brennan, P, Brewerton, WJ, Browne, ML, Budd, T, Budny, R, Burt, A, Businaro, T, Buzio, M, Caldwell-Nicholls, C, Campling, D, Card, P, Challis, CD, Chankin, AV, Chiron, D, Christiansen, J, Chuilon, P, Ciric, D, Claesen, R, Clarke, HE, Clement, S, Coad, JP, Coffey, I, Conroy, S, Conway, G, Cooper, S, Cordey, JG, Corrigan, G, Cottrell, G, Cox, M, Cox, SJ, Cusack, R, Davies, N, Davies, SJ, Davis, JJ, de Benedetti, M, de Esch, H, de Haas, J, Deksnis, E, Deliyanakis, N, Dines, A, Dmitrenko, SL, Dobbing, J, Dolgetta, N, Dorling, SE, Doyle, PG, Duquenoy, H, Edwards, AM, Edwards, AW, Egedal, J, Ehrenberg, J, Ekedahl, A, Elevant, T, Ellis, J, Endler, M, Erents, SK, Ericsson, G, Esposito, B, Eriksson, LG, Falter, H, Farthing, JW, Fichtmuller, M, Fishpool, G, Fullard, K, Gadeberg, M, Galbiati, L, Gibson, A, Gill, RD, Godden, D, Gondhalekar, A, Goodall, D, Gormezano, C, Gowers, C, Groth, M, Guenther, K, Guo, H, Haigh, A, Haist, B, Hancock, CJ, Harbour, PJ, Hawkes, NC, Hawkes, NP, Hemmerich, JL, Hender, T, Hoekzema, J, Horton, L, Howman, A, Huart, M, Hughes, TP, Hurd, F, Huysmans, G, Ingesson, C, Ingram, B, Irving, M, Jacquinot, J, Jaeckel, H, Jaeger, JF, Jarvis, ON, Johnson, M, Jones, EM, Jones, TTC, Junger, JF, Junique, F, Jupen, C, Kallne, J, Kaye, A, Keen, BE, Keilhacker, M, Kerner, W, Kidd, NG, Knipe, S, Konig, R, Korotkov, A, Krasilnikov, A, Krom, JG, Kupschus, P, Lasser, R, Last, JR, Lauro-Taroni, L, Lawson, K, Lennholm, M, Lingertat, J, Litaudon, X, Loarer, T, Lomas, PJ, Loughlin, M, Lowry, C, Maas, AC, Macklin, B, Maggi, CF, Mantsinen, M, Marchese, V, Marcus, F, Mart, J, Martin, D, Matthews, G, McBryan, H, McCracken, G, McCullen, PA, Meigs, A, Middleton, R, Miele, P, Milani, F, Mills, J, Mohanti, R, Monk, R, Morgan, P, Murphy, G, Nave, F, Newbert, G, Nielsen, P, Noll, P, Obert, W, O'Brien, D, O'Mullane, M, Oord, E, Ostrom, R, Papastergiou, S, Parail, VV, Parkinson, R, Parsons, W, Patel, B, Paynter, A, Perevezentsev, A, Peacock, A, Pearce, RJH, Pick, MA, Plancoulaine, J, Pogutse, O, Prentice, R, Puppin, S, Radford, G, Reichle, R, Riccardo, V, Rimini, F, Rochard, F, Rolfe, A, Roquemore, AL, Ross, RT, Rossi, A, Sadler, G, Saibene, G, Santaguistina, A, Sartori, R, Saunders, R, Schild, P, Schmid, M, Schmidt, V, Schokker, B, Schunke, B, Scott, SM, Sharapov, S, Sibley, A, Simon, M, Simonini, R, Sips, ACC, Smeulders, P, Smith, P, Smith, R, Soldner, F, Spence, J, Springman, E, Stagg, R, Stamp, M, Stangeby, P, Start, DF, Stork, D, Stott, PE, Strachan, JD, Stubberfield, P, Summers, D, Svensson, L, Svensson, P, Tabasso, A, Tabellini, M, Tait, J, Tanga, A, Taroni, A, Terella, C, Thomas, PR, Thomsen, K, Traneus, E, Tubbing, B, Twyman, P, Vadgama, A, van Belle, P, Vlases, GC, von Hellermann, M, Wade, T, Walton, R, Ward, D, Watkins, ML, Watkins, N, Watson, MJ, Wheatley, M, Wilson, D, Winkel, T, Young, D, Young, ID, Yu, Q, Zastrow, KD, Zwingmann, W, McGuire, KM, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Beer, MA, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, HL, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, BN, Bretz, NL, Budny, RV, Bush, CE, Callen, JD, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Cottell, GA, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Forest, CB, Fredrickson, ED, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Goloborod'ko, VY, Gorelenkov, NN, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hanson, GR, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, WW, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, M, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Hulse, RA, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, SM, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, HW, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, LaMarche, P, LeBlanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, R, Manickam, J, Mansfield, DK, Mauel, ME, Mazzucato, E, McChesney, J, McCune, DC, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mika, R, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Parks, P, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Rogers, JH, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Senenov, IB, Senko, T, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Stevenson, T, Stodiek, W, Strait, EJ, Stratton, BC, Synakowski, EJ, Takahashi, H, Tang, WM, Taylor, G, Terry, JL, Thompson, ME, Von Goeler, S, Von Halle, A, Walters, RT, Wang, S, White, RB, Wieland, RM, Williams, M, Wilson, JR, Wong, KL, Wurden, GA, Yamada, M, Yavorski, V, Young, KM, Zakharov, LE, Zarnstorff, MC, Zweben, SJ, Team, JET, and Team, TFTR

17. High performance Joint European Torus (JET) plasmas for deuterium-tritium operation with the MkII divertor

Author

Jones, T. T. C., Adams, J. M., Ageladarakis, P., AliArshad, S., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Andrew, P., Bainbridge, N., Bak, P., Balet, B., Baranov, Y., Barker, P., Barnsley, R., Baronian, M., Barth, K., Bartlett, D. V., Bell, A. C., Bertolini, E., Bhatnagar, V., Bickley, A. J., Bindslev, H., Blackler, K., Bond, D., Bonicelli, T., Borba, D., Brandon, M., Breger, P., Brelen, H., Brennan, P., Brewerton, W. J., Browne, M. L., Budd, T., Burt, A., Burton, P., Businaro, T., Buzio, M., CaldwellNichols, C., Campbell, D. J., Campling, D., Card, P., Celentano, G., Challis, C. D., Chankin, A. V., Cherubini, A., Chiron, D., Christiansen, J., Chuilon, P., Ciric, D., Claesen, R., Clarke, H. E., Clement, S., Coad, J. P., Cocilovo, U., Coffey, I., Conway, G., Cooper, S., Cordey, J. G., Corrigan, G., Cottrell, G., Cox, M., Crawley, P., Cusack, R., Davies, N., Davies, S. J., Davis, J. J., deBenedetti, M., deEsch, H., deHaas, J., Deksnis, E., Deliyanakis, N., diMarchi, E., Dines, A., Dmitrenko, S. L., Dobbing, J., Dolgetta, N., Dorling, S. E., Doyle, P. G., Duquenoy, H., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, A. W., Egedal, J., Ehrenberg, J., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Ellis, J., Endler, M., Erents, S. K., Eriksson, L. G., Falter, H., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Fechner, B., Fichmuller, M., Fischer, B., Fishpool, G., Froger, C., Fullard, K., Gadeberg, M., Galbiati, L., Gauthier, E., Giannella, R., Gibson, A., Gill, R. D., Godden, D., Gondhalekar, A., Goniche, M., Goodall, D., Gormezano, C., Gowers, C., Graham, J., Guenther, K., Guirlet, R., Guo, H., Haigh, A., Haist, B., Hancock, C. J., Harbour, P. J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkes, N. P., Hemmerich, J. L., Hender, T., Hoekzema, J., Horton, L., How, J., Howman, A., Huart, M., Hughes, T. P., Hurd, F., Huysmans, G., Hwang, A., Ibbott, C., Ingesson, C., Ingram, B., Irving, M., Jacquinot, J., Jaeckel, H., Jaeckel, P., Jaeger, J. F., Jarvis, I. N., Jensen, F., Johnson, M., Jones, E. M., Jones, Lpdf, Junger, J. F., Junique, F., Kaye, A., Keen, B. E., Keilhacker, M., Kerner, W., Kidd, N. G., King, Q. A., Knipe, S., Koenig, R., Krom, J. G., Kubo, H., Kupschus, P., Lamalle, P., Lasser, R., Last, J. R., LauroTaroni, L., Lawson, K., Lennholm, M., Lingertat, J., Loarte, A., Lomas, P. J., Loughlin, M., Lovegrove, T., Lowry, C., Maas, A. C., Macklin, B., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M., Marchese, V., Marcus, F., Mart, J., Martin, D., Martin, T., Mathews, G., McBryan, H., McCormick, G., McCracken, G., McCullen, P. A., Meigs, A., Miele, P., Milani, F., Mills, J., Mohanti, R., Monk, R., Morgan, P., Muir, D., Murphy, G., Nave, F., Newbert, G., Nielsen, P., Noll, P., Obert, W., Obrien, D., Oord, E., Ostrom, R., Ottaviani, M., Papastergiou, S., Parail, V. V., Parkinson, R., Parsons, W., Patel, B., Paynter, A., Peacock, A., Peacock, N., Pearce, R. J. H., Perry, C., Pick, M. A., Plancoulaine, J., Pogutse, O., Porte, L., Prentice, R., Puppin, S., Radford, G., Raimondi, T., Reichle, R., Riccardo, V., Righi, E., Rimini, F., Rolfe, A., Rookes, A., Ross, R. T., Rossi, A., Rossi, L., Sadler, G., Saibene, G., Salisbury, M., Santagiustina, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Saunders, R., Schild, P., Schmid, M., Schmidt, V., Schokker, B., Schunke, B., Scibile, M., Scott, S. M., Sharapov, S., Sibley, A., Simonini, R., Sips, A. C. C., Smeulders, P., Smith, O., Smith, P., Smith, R., Soldner, F., Spence, J., Springmann, E., Stamp, M., Stangeby, P., Start, D. F., Stork, D., Stott, P. E., Stubberfield, P., Summers, D., Svensson, L., Svensson, P., Tabasso, A., Tabellini, M., Tait, J., Tanga, A., Taroni, A., Terella, C., Thomas, P. R., Thomsen, K., Tubbing, B., UlHaq, Y., Vadgama, A., vanBelle, P., vanderLinden, R., Vlases, G., vonHellermann, M., Wade, T., Walton, R., Ward, D., Watkins, M. L., Watkins, N., Watson, M. J., Wesson, J., Wheatley, M., Wilson, D., Winkel, T., Woodward, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Yu, Q., Zannelli, F., Zastrow, K. D., Zhang, W., Zornig, N., and Zwingmann, W.

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Thermonuclear fusion, Deuterium, Neutron emission, Physics::Plasma Physics, JET, Divertor, Joint European Torus, Neutron, Plasma, Magnetohydrodynamics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Planned experiments in the Joint European Torus [Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research, Proceedings, 13th International Conference, Washington, D.C., 1990 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 1, p. 27] (JET) with deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas require high fusion performance for alpha-particle heating studies and for investigation of isotope dependence in conditions relevant to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 37, A19 (1995)]. In deuterium plasmas, the highest neutron rates have been obtained in the hot-ion high-confinement mode (H mode) which is ultimately limited by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena when the pressure gradient approaches ideal ballooning and kink stability limits in the vicinity of the edge transport barrier. Results are reported confirming the MkII divertor's increased closure and pumping in this regime, progress in understanding the MHD-related termination is discussed, and the use of ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) in combination with high-power neutral beams to increase the neutron yield is described. In separate experiments internal transport barriers have been established through careful programming of the current ramp and heating waveforms, and neutron emission comparable with the best hot-ion II-modes achieved. Steady-state II-mode discharges exhibiting edge localized modes (ELMs) in reactor-like configurations and conditions have been demonstrated, including cases in which relevant dimensionless parameter values are preserved, ready also for testing in D-T. (C) 1997 American institute of Physics.

18. Overview of JET results in support of the ITER physics basis

Author

Adams, J. M., Ageladarakis, P., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Arshad, S., Bainbridge, N., Balet, B., Baranov, Y., Barker, P., Barnsley, R., Bartlett, D. V., Begue, M. L., Bell, A. C., Bertalot, L., Bertolini, E., Beurskens, M., Bevil, C., Bickley, A. J., Bigi, M., Bird, S., Blackler, K., Bond, D., Borba, D., Brandon, M., Brelen, H., Brennan, P., Brewerton, W. J., Brix, M., Browne, M. L., Budd, T., Budny, R., Butcher, P., Buttery, R., Caldwell-Nichols, C., Campling, D., Card, P., Challis, C. D., Chankin, A. V., Charlet, M., Chen, H., Chiron, D., Christiansen, J., Ciric, D., Clement, S., Coad, J. P., Coffey, I., Conroy, S., Conway, G., Cooper, S., Cordey, J. G., Corrigan, G., Cottrell, G., Cox, R., Cox, S. J., Crisanti, F., Cusack, R., Davies, N., Davies, S. J., Davis, J. J., de Angelis, R., de Antonis, P., DeBaar, M., de Benedetti, M., Deliyanakis, N., Dines, A., Dmitrenko, S. L., Dobbing, J., Dolgetta, N., Dorling, S. E., Duquenoy, H., Edwards, A. M., Elsmore, C. G., Ellis, J., Erents, S. K., Ericsson, G., Esposito, B., Falter, H., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Felton, R., Ferrieres, P., Fessey, J., Fichtmuller, M., Fullard, K., Gadeberg, M., Garbil, R., Gibson, A., Gill, R. D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Godden, D., Goff, J. K., Gondhalekar, A., Goodyear, A., Gormezano, C., Gowers, C., Griph, F. S., Groth, M., Guenther, K., Guo, H., Haigh, A., Haist, B., Hamilton, D., Hancock, C. J., Harbour, P. J., Harling, J. D. W., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkes, N. P., Heading, D., Heeter, R. F., Hemmerich, J. L., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T., Hitchin, M., Hogben, C. H. A., Horton, L., Howie, J., Huart, M., Ingesson, C., Jacquinot, J., Jaeckel, H., Jaeger, J. F., Jarvis, O. N., Jeral, J. P., Joffrin, E., Johnson, M., Jones, E. M., Jones, T. T. C., Junger, J. F., Jupen, C., Kallne, J., Kaye, A., Keilhacker, M., Kidd, N. G., Knight, P., Knipe, S., Korotkov, A., Kupschus, P., LaHaye, R., Lamalle, P., Last, J. R., Lawson, K., Lennholm, M., Lescure, C., Lingertat, J., Litaudon, X., Lomas, P. J., Lowry, C., Lucock, R. M. A., Maas, A. C., Maddison, G., Maget, P., Maggi, C. F., Mailloux, J., Mantsinen, M., Mart, J., Martin, D., Matthews, G., Mazon, P., McCracken, G., McCullen, P. A., McDonald, D., Meigs, A., Middleton, R., Miele, P., Milani, F., Mills, J., Morgan, P., Nave, F., Newbert, G., Nielsen, P., Noll, P., Norman, K., O'Mullane, M., Oord, E., Orchard, J., Parail, V. V., Parkin, A., Parsons, W., Patel, B., Paynter, A., Pearce, R. J. H., Perevezentsev, A., Pick, M. A., Plancoulaine, J., Podda, S., Pogutse, O., Prentice, R., Purahoo, K., Rainford, M., Rapp, J., Riccardo, V., Richardson, S., Righi, E., Rimini, F., Robson, D., Rolfe, A., Romanelli, M., Roquemore, A. L., Ross, R. T., Saibene, G., Sarazin, Y., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Schild, P., Schilham, A., Schmid, M., Schmidt, V., Sharapov, S., Shaw, S. R., Sibley, A., Simon, M., Sips, A. C. C., Smeulders, P., Solano, E., Soldner, F., Spence, J., Stafford-Allen, R., Stagg, R., Stamp, M., Stangeby, P., Stevens, A. L., Stork, D., Stott, P. E., Strachan, J. D., Strait, E. J., Stratton, B. C., Stubberfield, P., Summers, D., Summers, H. P., Svensson, P., Tabellini, M., Tait, J., Tala, T., Tanga, A., Taroni, A., Testa, D. S., Thomas, P. R., Thomsen, H., Thomsen, K., Todd, J. M., Traneus, E., Tuccillo, A., Tunklev, M., Twynam, P., von Hellermann, M., Wade, T., Walden, A., Walton, R., Ward, D., Watkins, M. L., Watkins, N., Watson, M. J., Wheatley, M. R., Whitehurst, A., Wilson, C. H., Wilson, D., Wilson, H. R., Winkel, T., Young, D., Young, I. D., Zastrow, K. D., and Zerbini, M.

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, JET, ITER
Abstract

The JET experimental campaign has focused on studies in support of the ITER physics basis. An overview of the results obtained is given for the reference ELMy H mode and advanced scenarios, which in JET are based on internal transport barriers. JET studies for ELMy H mode have been instrumental in the definition of ITER FEAT. Positive elongation and current scaling in the ITER scaling law have been confirmed, but the observed density scaling fits a two term (core and edge) model better. Significant progress in neoclassical tearing mode limits has been made showing that ITER operation with q(95) around 3.3 seems to be optimized. Effective helium pumping and divertor enrichment is found to be well within ITER requirements. Target asymmetries and hydrogen isotope retention are well simulated by modelling codes taking into account drift flows in the scrape-off plasmas. Striking improvements in fuelling effectiveness have been made with the new high field pellet launch facility. Good progress has been made on scenarios for achieving good confinement at high densities, both with radiation improved modes and with high field side pellets. Significant development of advanced scenarios, in view of their application to ITER, has been achieved. Progress towards integrated advanced scenarios is well developed with edge pressure control (impurity radiation). An access domain has been explored showing, in particular, that the power threshold increases with magnetic field but can be significantly reduced when lower hybrid current drive is used to produce target plasmas with negative shear. The role of ion pressure peaking on MHD has been well documented. Lack of sufficient additional heating power and interaction with the septum at high beta prevents assessment of the beta limits (steady plasmas achieved with beta (N) up to 2.6). Plasmas with a non-inductive current (I-NI/I-p = 60%), well aligned with the plasma current, high beta and good confinement have also been obtained.

19. First Results with the Modified Jet - the Jet Team

Author

Adams, J. M., Agarici, Y., Ageladarakis, P., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Andrew, P., Aliarshad, S., Bailey, W., Balet, B., Baranov, Y., Barker, P., Barnsley, R., Baronian, M., Bartlett, D. V., Bell, A. C., Benali, G., Bertolini, E., Bhatnagar, V., Bickley, A. J., Bindslev, H., Blackler, K., Bond, D., Bonicelli, T., Borras, K., Boucquey, P., Brandon, M., Breger, P., Brelen, H., Brewerton, W. J., Brown, T., Budd, T., Bures, M., Burton, P., Businaro, T., Buttgereit, H., Caldwellnichols, C., Campbell, D. J., Campling, D., Card, P., Cecil, F., Celentano, G., Challis, C. D., Chiron, D., Christiansen, J., Chuilon, P., Claesen, R., Clement, S., Coad, J. P., Colombi, S., Cooke, M., Cooper, S., Cordey, J. G., Cottrell, G., Cox, M., Crawley, P., Dacosta, O., Cusack, R., Dantona, G., Davies, N., Davies, S. J., Davis, J. J., Deesch, H., Deksnis, E., Deliyanakis, N., Dines, A., Dmitrenko, S. L., Dobbing, J., Dolgetta, N., Dorling, S. E., Doyle, P. G., Duquenoy, H., Edwards, A., Ehrenberg, J., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Erents, S. K., Eriksson, L. G., Falter, H., Fasoli, A., Fechner, B., Fischer, B., Fishpool, G., Freiling, J., Froger, C., Froissard, P., Fullard, K., Gadeberg, M., Galbiati, L., Garribba, M., Gerstel, U., Giannella, R., Gibson, A., Gill, R. D., Goulding, R., Gondhalekar, A., Goodall, D., Gormezano, C., Gottardi, N. A., Gowers, C., Grisolia, C., Guo, H., Haigh, A., Hancock, C. J., Harbour, P. J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkes, N. P., Hemmerich, J. L., Hender, T., Hoekzema, J., Horton, L., How, J., Howarth, P. J., Howman, A., Huart, M., Hutchinson, I., Hughes, T. P., Hurd, F., Ingram, B., Irving, M., Ishida, S., Jacquinot, J., Jaeckel, H., Jaeger, J. F., Jarvis, O. N., Jensen, F., Johnson, M., Jones, E. M., Jones, Lpdf, Jones, T. T. C., Junger, J. F., Junique, F., Kaye, A., Keen, B. E., Keilhacker, M., Kerner, W., Kidd, N. G., Konig, R., Kupschus, P., Lamalle, P., Lasser, R., Last, J. R., Laurotaroni, L., Laviron, C., Lawson, K., Lazzaro, E., Lennholm, M., Lingertat, J., Lomas, P., Loughlin, M., Lowry, C., Lyadina, E., Maas, A. C., Macklin, B., Maggi, C. F., Marchese, V., Marcus, F., Mart, J., Martin, D., Martin, T., Matthews, G., McBryan, H., McCormick, G., Meigs, A., Milani, S., Monk, R., Morgan, P., Murphy, G., Nave, F., Newbert, G., Nguyen, F., Nielsen, P., Noll, P., Obert, W., Obrien, D., Oord, E., Ostrom, R., Ottaviani, M., Papastergiou, S., Parail, V. V., Patel, B., Peacock, A., Peacock, N., Pearce, R. J. M., Perry, C., Pick, M. A., Plancoulaine, J., Pogutse, O., Poffe, J. P., Porcelli, F., Porte, L., Prentice, R., Puppin, S., Radford, G., Raimondi, T., Reichle, R., Richards, S., Righi, E., Rimini, F., Rolfe, A., Rookes, A., Ross, R. T., Rossi, A., Rossi, L., Russ, R., Sadler, G., Saibene, G., Salisbury, M., Sanazzaro, G., Santagiustina, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Savrukhin, P., Schaffer, M., Schild, P., Schmid, M., Schunke, B., Scott, S. M., Sharapov, S., Shaw, R. L., Sibley, A., Simonini, R., Sips, A. C. C., Smeulders, P., Smith, R., Soldner, F., Stamp, M., Stangeby, P., Start, D. F., Steed, C. A., Stork, D., Stott, P. E., Stubberfield, P., Summers, D., Summers, H., Suverkropp, W., Svensson, L., Szabo, T., Tabellini, M., Tanga, A., Taroni, A., Terella, C., Tesini, A., Thomas, P. R., Thompson, E., Thomsen, K., Tubbing, B., Vanderbeken, H., Vandergoot, E., Vayakis, G., Vlases, G., Vonhellermann, M., Wade, T., Walker, C., Ward, D., Watkins, M. L., Watkins, N., Watson, M. J., Weber, S., Wesson, J., Wilson, D., Winkel, T., Wolf, R., Woodward, C., Young, I. D., Zannelli, L., Zornig, N., and Zwingmann, W.

Subjects
JET
Abstract

JET was extensively modified in the 1992/93 shutdown. The new pumped divertor and many new systems were brought into operation early in 1994. Operations have progressed to 4MA plasma current and, with substantial additional heating, H-mode confinement results confirm the expected scaling. The high power handling capability of the pumped divertor with sweeping is estimated at 20MW for 20s. H-mode plasmas have large Type I ELMs. With lower hybrid heating alone, 2MA full current drive has been achieved with good efficiency, with ICRF power, effective heating and direct electron heating have been demonstrated.

20. Latest JET results in deuterium and deuterium-tritium plasmas

Author

Adams, J. M., Ageladarakis, P., Arshad, S. A., Alper, B., Altmann, H., Andrew, P., Bailey, D., Bainbridge, N., Balet, B., Baranov, Y., Barker, P., Barnsley, R., Baronian, M., Bartlett, D. V., Bell, A. C., Bertolini, E., Bhatnagar, V., Bickley, A. J., Bindslev, H., Blackler, K., Bond, D., Bonicelli, T., Borba, D., Brandon, M., Breger, P., Brelen, H., Brennan, P., Brewerton, W. J., Browne, M. L., Budd, T., Burt, A., Businaro, T., Buzio, M., Caldwell-Nichols, C., Campling, D., Card, P., Challis, C. D., Chankin, A. V., Chiron, D., Christiansen, J., Chuilon, P., Ciric, D., Claesen, R., Clarke, H. E., Clement, S., Coad, J. P., Coffey, I., Conroy, S., Conway, G., Cooper, S., Cordey, J. G., Corrigan, G., Cottrell, G., Cox, M., Cox, S. J., Cusack, R., Davies, N., Davies, S. J., Davis, J. J., de Benedetti, M., de Esch, H., de Haas, J., Deksnis, E., Deliyanakis, N., Dines, A., Dmitrenko, S. L., Dobbing, J., Dolgetta, N., Dorling, S. E., Dorr, J., Doyle, P. G., Duquenoy, H., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, A. W., Egedal, J., Ehrenberg, J., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., Ellis, J., Endler, M., Erents, S. K., Ericsson, S., Esposito, B., Eriksson, L. G., Falter, H., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Fichtmuller, M., Fischer, B., Fishpool, G., Fullard, K., Gadeberg, M., Galbiati, L., Giannella, R., Gibson, A., Gill, R. D., Godden, D., Gondhalekar, A., Goodall, D., Gormezano, C., Gowers, C., Guenther, K., Guo, H., Haigh, A., Haist, B., Hancock, C. J., Harbour, P. J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkes, N. P., Hemmerich, J. L., Hender, T., Hoekzema, J., Horton, L., How, J., Howman, A., Huart, M., Hughes, T. P., Hurd, F., Huysmans, G., Ingesson, C., Ingram, B., Irving, M., Jacquinot, J., Jaeckel, H., Jaeger, J. F., Jarvis, O. N., Jensen, F., Johnson, M., Jones, E. M., Jones, T. T. C., Junger, J. F., Junique, F., Kaye, A., Keen, B. E., Keilhacker, M., Kerner, W., Kidd, N. G., Knipe, S., Konig, R., Krom, J. G., Kupschus, P., Lasser, R., Last, J. R., Lauro-Taroni, L., Lawson, K., Lennholm, M., Lingertat, J., Lomas, P. J., Loughlin, M., Lovegrove, T., Lowry, C., Maas, A. C., Macklin, B., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M., Marchese, V., Marcus, F., Mart, J., Martin, D., Matthews, G., McBryan, H., McCracken, G., McCullen, P. A., Meigs, A., Middleton, R., Miele, P., Milani, F., Mills, J., Mohanti, R., Monk, R., Morgan, P., Murphy, G., Nave, F., Newbert, G., Nielsen, P., Noll, P., Obert, W., O'Brien, D., Oord, E., Ostrom, R., Ottaviani, M., Papastergiou, S., Parail, V. V., Parkinson, R., Parsons, W., Patel, B., Paynter, A., Perevezentsev, A., Peacock, A., Peacock, N., Pearce, R. J. H., Perry, C., Pick, M. A., Plancoulaine, J., Pogutse, O., Prentice, R., Puppin, S., Radford, G., Reichle, R., Riccardo, V., Righi, E., Rimini, F., Rolfe, A., Roquemore, L., Ross, R. T., Rossi, A., Rossi, L., Sadler, G., Saibene, G., Salisbury, M., Santagiustina, A., Sartori, F., Saunders, R., Schild, P., Schmid, M., Schmidt, V., Schokker, B., Schunke, B., Scibile, L., Scott, S. M., Sharapov, S., Sibley, A., Simonini, R., Sips, A. C. C., Smeulders, P., Smith, P., Smith, R., Soldner, F., Spence, J., Springmann, E., Stagg, R., Stamp, M., Stangeby, P., Start, D. F., Stork, D., Stott, P. E., Strachen, P., Stubberfield, P., Summers, D., Svensson, L., Svensson, P., Tabasso, A., Tabellini, M., Tait, J., Tanga, A., Taroni, A., Terella, C., Thomas, P. R., Thomsen, K., Traneus, E., Tubbing, B., Twyman, P., Ul'Haq, Y., Vadgama, A., van Belle, P., van der Linden, R., Vlases, G. C., von Hellermann, M., Wade, T., Walton, R., Ward, D., Watkins, M. L., Watkins, N., Watson, M. J., Wheatley, M., Wilson, D., Winkel, T., Young, D., Young, I. D., Yu, Q., Zastrow, K. D., Zhang, W., Zornig, N., and Zwingmann, W.

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, JET, ITER
Abstract

All major JET systems have been fully commissioned for D-T and the DTE1 series of experiments has started with the D-T fuel mixture and operating conditions foreseen for ITER. In the area of ITER physics, significant results have been produced in both D-D and D-T. In D-D, the LH threshold power database has been extended, the bounds on edge-electron temperature and density in ELMy H-modes have been defined and the advantages of Types I and III ELMy discharges have been compared. In D-T plasmas, the isotope effect on H-mode threshold power and transport has been determined so that a more accurate assessment can be made of the ignition margin and heating requirements for ITER. Trace tritium experiments have provided first particle transport measurements and an assessment of the ITER reference ion-cyclotron resonance-frequency heating scenarios has been started, In the area of fusion performance, record D-D neutron yields have been obtained by controlling the plasma and current profiles in hot ion ELM-free H-modes and optimized shear modes. In D-T, internal transport barriers have been readily established in optimized shear discharges and Alfven eigenmodes have been observed.

21. Neuropsychological, Neurocognitive, Vestibular, and Neuroimaging Correlates of Exposure to Repetitive Low-Level Blast Waves: Evidence From Four Nonoverlapping Samples of Canadian Breachers.

Author

Vartanian O, Coady L, Blackler K, Fraser B, and Cheung B

Subjects
Blast Injuries complications, Blast Injuries diagnosis, Blast Injuries physiopathology, Brain Injuries complications, Canada, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests statistics & numerical data, Prospective Studies, Vestibular Diseases etiology, Blast Injuries diagnostic imaging, Brain Injuries diagnosis, Explosions, Military Personnel psychology, Neuroimaging methods, Vestibular Diseases diagnosis, Vestibular Function Tests methods
Abstract

Introduction: We assessed the utility of a battery of neuropsychological, neurocognitive, physiological (balance, ataxia, postural tremor), and neuroimaging measures for studying the effects of blast waves in breachers-a population repeatedly exposed to low-level blast during military training and operations., Materials and Methods: Data were collected from four nonoverlapping samples, in the course of similarly structured 4-day breacher training exercises in successive years involving a combination of indoor and outdoor blast events. In all cases, self-report and neuropsychological measures were administered once at baseline (i.e., 1 day before the start of training). In years 1-2, neurocognitive and physiological measures were administered daily before and after training. In years 3-4, neurocognitive data were collected once at baseline. In Year 4, we introduced 3 modifications to our design. First, in addition to breachers, we also collected data from sex-and age-matched military controls at the same time points. Second, we assessed balance, ataxia, and postural tremor immediately following blast exposure "in the field," enabling us to quantify its acute effects. Third, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired before and after the 4-day training exercise to explore differences between breachers and controls at baseline, as well as possible training-related changes using voxel-based morphometry. These design modifications were made to enable us to test additional hypotheses in the context of the same training exercise., Results: At baseline, scores on the "Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire," "RAND SF-36" (physical functioning, role limitation due to physical health, social functioning, energy/fatigue, general health), and "Short Musculoskeletal Function Questionnaire" distinguished breachers from controls. Also at baseline, the MRI data revealed that there was greater regional gray matter volume in controls compared to breachers in the right superior frontal gyrus. Balance, ataxia, and postural tremor did not exhibit sensitivity to the acute effects of blast in the field, nor did neurocognitive measures to its cumulative or daily effects., Conclusion: Our exploratory results suggest that self-report neuropsychological measures and structural MRI hold promise as sensitive measures for quantifying the long-term, cumulative effects of blast exposure in breachers. We discuss the limitations of our study and the need for prospective longitudinal data for drawing causal inferences regarding the impact of blast exposure on breachers' health and performance., (© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Department of National Defence (DND), 2020.)

Published
2021
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22. A group randomized control trial to test the efficacy of the Road to Mental Readiness (R2MR) program among Canadian military recruits.

Author

Fikretoglu D, Liu A, Nazarov A, and Blackler K

Subjects
Adult, Canada, Female, Humans, Male, Patient Acceptance of Health Care psychology, Program Evaluation, Resilience, Psychological, Single-Blind Method, Surveys and Questionnaires, Work Performance, Health Promotion methods, Mental Health Services, Military Personnel psychology, Occupational Health Services methods, Workplace psychology
Abstract

Background: Despite increased interest in workplace mental health interventions, the evidence for beneficial effects is mixed. Furthermore, many existing studies lack methodological rigor. We report results from a group randomized control trial to test the efficacy of a vastly popular intervention in Canada, the Road to Mental Readiness (R2MR) program, which has been widely disseminated in military, first responder, and civilian settings., Methods: The trial took place among Canadian Armed Forces military recruits completing their basic military qualification (BMQ) training, and randomized 65 platoons (N = 2831) into either (a) an Intervention (R2MR at week 2 of BMQ), or (b) a delayed Intervention Control (R2MR at week 9 of BMQ) condition. The principal investigator, participants, and data collection staff were blinded to platoon condition. Individual-level psychological functioning, resilience, mental health service use attitudes, intentions, and behaviours, and additional covariates were assessed with questionnaires around week 2 (a day or two before Intervention platoons received R2MR), at week 5, and at week 9 (a day or two before the Control platoons received R2MR). Military performance outcomes were obtained from administrative databases., Results: The full trial results were mixed; for some outcomes (psychological functioning, resilience, and military performance), we saw no evidence of beneficial effects; where we did see benefits (mental health service use attitudes, intentions, behaviours), the effects were very small, or disappeared over time. Analyses among two subsamples (Group 1: Intervention platoons with a Fidelity Check and their Controls, and Group 2: Intervention platoons without Fidelity Check and their Controls) indicated that for some outcomes (attitudes and help-seeking), under high fidelity conditions, the beneficial effects of R2MR were increased and better sustained; Conversely, under poor fidelity conditions, decreased beneficial effects or even iatrogenic effects were observed. Analyses across three training divisions indicated the larger organizational climate further influences efficacy., Conclusions: Our findings paint a very complex picture in which it is made evident that sensible, evidence-informed workplace mental health interventions such as R2MR may work under high fidelity conditions, but may yield no discernable benefit or even inadvertent iatrogenic effects if implemented poorly or without sufficient consideration to the larger organizational context., Trial Registration: ISRCTN 52557050 Registered 13 October 2016.

Published
2019
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23. One-way traffic: The inferior frontal gyrus controls brain activation in the middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule during divergent thinking.

Author

Vartanian O, Beatty EL, Smith I, Blackler K, Lam Q, and Forbes S

Subjects
Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net diagnostic imaging, Nonlinear Dynamics, Oxygen blood, Parietal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Prefrontal Cortex diagnostic imaging, Temporal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Young Adult, Mental Recall physiology, Nerve Net physiology, Parietal Lobe physiology, Prefrontal Cortex physiology, Temporal Lobe physiology, Thinking physiology
Abstract

Contrary to earlier approaches that focused on the contributions of isolated brain regions to the emergence of creativity, there is now growing consensus that creative thought emerges from the interaction of multiple brain regions, often embedded within larger brain networks. Specifically, recent evidence from studies of divergent thinking suggests that kernel ideas emerge in posterior brain regions residing within the semantic system and/or the default mode network (DMN), and that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions within the executive control network (ECN) constrain those ideas for generating outputs that meet task demands. However, despite knowing that regions within these networks exhibit interaction, to date the direction of the relationship has not been tested directly. By applying Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) to fMRI data collected during a divergent thinking task, we tested the hypothesis that the PFC exerts unidirectional control over the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), vs. the hypothesis that these two sets of regions exert bidirectional control over each other (in the form of feedback loops). The data were consistent with the former model by demonstrating that the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) exerts unidirectional control over MTG and IPL, although the evidence was somewhat stronger in the case of the MTG than the IPL. Our findings highlight potential causal pathways that could underlie the neural bases of divergent thinking., (Crown Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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24. Structural correlates of Openness and Intellect: Implications for the contribution of personality to creativity.

Author

Vartanian O, Wertz CJ, Flores RA, Beatty EL, Smith I, Blackler K, Lam Q, and Jung RE

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Young Adult, Cerebral Cortex anatomy & histology, Creativity, Intelligence physiology, Neuroimaging methods, Personality physiology
Abstract

Openness/Intellect (i.e., openness to experience) is the Big Five personality factor most consistently associated with individual differences in creativity. Recent psychometric evidence has demonstrated that this factor consists of two distinct aspects-Intellect and Openness. Whereas Intellect reflects perceived intelligence and intellectual engagement, Openness reflects engagement with fantasy, perception, and aesthetics. We investigated the extent to which Openness and Intellect are associated with variations in brain structure as measured by cortical thickness, area, and volume (N = 185). Our results demonstrated that Openness was correlated inversely with cortical thickness and volume in left middle frontal gyrus (BA 6), middle temporal gyrus (MTG, BA 21), and superior temporal gyrus (BA 41), and exclusively with cortical thickness in left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, BA 45), and MTG (BA 37). When age and sex were statistically controlled for, the inverse correlations between Openness and cortical thickness remained statistically significant for all regions except left MTG, whereas the correlations involving cortical volume remained statistically significant only for left middle frontal gyrus. There was no statistically significant correlation between Openness and cortical area, and no statistically significant correlation between Intellect and cortical thickness, area, or volume. Our results demonstrate that individual differences in Openness are correlated with variation in brain structure-particularly as indexed by cortical thickness. Given the involvement of the above regions in processes related to memory and cognitive control, we discuss the implications of our findings for the possible contribution of personality to creative cognition., (© 2018 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2018. Reproduced with permission of the Minister of Health, Canada. Human Brain Mapping.)

Published
2018
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25. The Reflective Mind: Examining Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Base Rate Neglect with fMRI.

Author

Vartanian O, Beatty EL, Smith I, Blackler K, Lam Q, Forbes S, and De Neys W

Subjects
Adult, Female, Gyrus Cinguli physiology, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen blood, Perceptual Disorders, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time physiology, Young Adult, Brain Mapping, Cognition physiology, Gyrus Cinguli diagnostic imaging, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Thinking physiology
Abstract

Performance on heuristics and bias tasks has been shown to be susceptible to bias. In turn, susceptibility to bias varies as a function of individual differences in cognitive abilities (e.g., intelligence) and thinking styles (e.g., propensity for reflection). Using a classic task (i.e., lawyer-engineer problem), we conducted two experiments to examine the differential contributions of cognitive abilities versus thinking styles to performance. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT)-a well-established measure of reflective thinking-predicted performance on conflict problems (where base rates and intuition point in opposite directions), whereas STM predicted performance on nonconflict problems. Experiment 2 conducted in the fMRI scanner replicated this behavioral dissociation and enabled us to probe their neural correlates. As predicted, conflict problems were associated with greater activation in the ACC-a key region for conflict detection-even in cases when participants responded stereotypically. In participants with higher CRT scores, conflict problems were associated with greater activation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and activation in PCC covaried in relation to CRT scores during conflict problems. Also, CRT scores predicted activation in PCC in conflict problems (over and above nonconflict problems). Our results suggest that individual differences in reflective thinking as measured by CRT are related to brain activation in PCC-a region involved in regulating attention between external and internal foci. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of PCC's possible involvement in switching from intuitive to analytic mode of thought.

Published
2018
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26. A comparison of live tissue training and high-fidelity patient simulator: A pilot study in battlefield trauma training.

Author

Savage EC, Tenn C, Vartanian O, Blackler K, Sullivan-Kwantes W, Garrett M, Blais AR, Jarmasz J, Peng H, Pannell D, and Tien HC

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Canada, Educational Measurement, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Manikins, Military Medicine education, Professional Competence, Traumatology education
Abstract

Background: Trauma procedural and management skills are often learned on live tissue. However, there is increasing pressure to use simulators because their fidelity improves and as ethical concerns increase. We randomized military medical technicians (medics) to training on either simulators or live tissue to learn combat casualty care skills to determine if the choice of modality was associated with differences in skill uptake., Methods: Twenty medics were randomized to trauma training using either simulators or live tissue. Medics were trained to perform five combat casualty care tasks (surgical airway, needle decompression, tourniquet application, wound packing, and intraosseous line insertion). We measured skill uptake using a structured assessment tool. The medics also completed exit questionnaires and interviews to determine which modality they preferred., Results: We found no difference between groups trained with live tissue versus simulators in how they completed each combat casualty care skill. However, we did find that the modality of assessment affected the assessment score. Finally, we found that medics preferred trauma training on live tissue because of the fidelity of tissue handling in live tissue models. However, they also felt that training on simulators also provided additional training value., Conclusion: We found no difference in performance between medics trained on simulators versus live tissue models. Even so, medics preferred live tissue training over simulation. However, more studies are required, and future studies need to address the measurement bias of measuring outcomes in the same model on which the study participants are trained., Level of Evidence: Therapeutic/care management study, level II.

Published
2015
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27. Transfer of training from one working memory task to another: behavioural and neural evidence.

Author

Beatty EL, Jobidon ME, Bouak F, Nakashima A, Smith I, Lam Q, Blackler K, Cheung B, and Vartanian O

Abstract

N-back working memory (WM) tasks necessitate the maintenance and updating of dynamic rehearsal sets during performance. The delayed matching-to-sample (dMTS) task is another WM task, which in turn involves the encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of stimulus representations in sequential order. Because both n-back and dMTS engage WM function, we hypothesized that compared to a control task not taxing WM, training on the n-back task would be associated with better performance on dMTS by virtue of training a shared mental capacity. We tested this hypothesis by randomly assigning subjects (N = 43) to train on either the n-back (including 2-back and 3-back levels) or an active control task. Following training, dMTS was administered in the fMRI scanner. The n-back group performed marginally better than the active control group on dMTS. In addition, although the n-back group improved more on the less difficult 2-back level than the more difficult 3-back level across training sessions, it was improvement on the 3-back level that accounted for 21% of the variance in dMTS performance. For the control group, improvement in training across sessions was unrelated to dMTS performance. At the neural level, greater activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right posterior parietal cortex, and the cerebellum distinguished the n-back group from the control group in the maintenance phase of dMTS. Degree of improvement on the 3-back level across training sessions was correlated with activation in right lateral prefrontal and motor cortices in the maintenance phase of dMTS. Our results suggest that although n-back training is more likely to improve performance in easier blocks, it is improvement in more difficult blocks that is predictive of performance on a target task drawing on WM. In addition, the extent to which training on a task can transfer to another task is likely due to the engagement of shared cognitive capacities and underlying neural substrates-in this case WM.

Published
2015
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28. Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the Mexican axoloti, Siredon mexicanum.

Author

Boyer CI Jr, Blackler K, and Delanney LE

Subjects
Animals, Anorexia Nervosa complications, Anorexia Nervosa veterinary, Ascites complications, Ascites veterinary, Bacteriological Techniques, Edema complications, Edema veterinary, Furazolidone administration & dosage, Heart microbiology, Hemorrhage veterinary, Humans, Liver microbiology, Liver Diseases etiology, Liver Diseases veterinary, Mexico, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Peritoneal Cavity microbiology, Pseudomonas isolation & purification, Pseudomonas Infections complications, Pseudomonas Infections diagnosis, Pseudomonas Infections epidemiology, Pseudomonas Infections mortality, Pseudomonas Infections prevention & control, Spleen microbiology, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Pseudomonas Infections veterinary, Urodela
Published
1971

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