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Accident/incident report for Virginia Tech's 4H'ers.

We summarize a cross-disciplinary effort exploring affective biases in decision-making. The work consisted of an empirical and a computational modeling study, within the same synthetic task: a search-and-rescue task. The empirical study assessed effects of anxiety on decision-making (route selection). Participants were more sensitive to probabilities of costs and benefits, than to their quantitative values. Both threat and anxious mood induction (under low threat) appeared to increase sensitivity to loss. With a neutral emotion-induction, trait anxiety was associated with a classic selective attention basis. Anxious individuals sampled information on potential costs more frequently than information on potential gains. This bias was eliminated in the anxious emotion-induction condition. In the neutral condition, anxious subjects may frame decisions as requiring vigilance to threat (i.e., elevated attention and analysis), whereas in the anxious condition, the frame is one of escape (requiring less analysis). Computational modeling studies used the MAMID cognitive-affective architecture to construct a process model of anxiety effects: attentional threat and self-bias, and interpretive threat bias. Different levels of anxiety intensities were encoded in different values of architecture parameters, which controlled processing within the architecture modules, yielding results consistent with existing empirical data. The model was also used to construct alternative mechanisms capable of explaining the observed effects, thereby providing a means of generating candidate hypotheses regarding the nature of the processes mediating the biases. Findings make a methodological contribution in demonstrating how experimental emotion-induction can be successfully employed in a task that is longer, more complex and more demanding than those typically used in affective bias research. The data support the validity of the empirical-computational approach of this project., The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.

Corrosion protection of high strength fasteners is of utmost importance due to the critical nature of structural loads transferred through them and their potential for galvanic corrosion. Therefore, adequate corrosion protection is a necessity to sustain both the structural integrity of fastener connections and to prevent preferential corrosion of connected members at the expense of galvanically-coupled fasteners. Traditionally, electroplated cadmium layers and hexavalent chromium rinses have been employed for these applications due to their excellent corrosion performance and lubricity for threaded applications; however, cadmium and chromate are hazardous substances, known human carcinogens and subsequently have high handling and disposal costs. These environmental, health and safety issues have resulted in more stringent OSHA and EPA regulations. These factors have increased the need to develop new coating technologies and corrosion protection systems for cadmium plating and chromate conversion coating replacement. Luna Innovations Incorporated, in partnership with Directed Vapor Technologies International, Inc. (DVTI, Inc.), performed work on a reduced-scope solution to SERDP WPSON-08-01 by using a directed vapor deposition (DVD) process to deposit Zn-Ni-Co ternary alloy coatings onto high strength steel substrates as a cadmium plating replacement option. The main objective of the program was to demonstrate the feasibility of producing a vapor deposited Zn-Ni-Co ternary alloy that exhibits improved corrosion resistance over that of typical cadmium coating processes while at the same time reducing the propensity for hydrogen embrittlement on coated fasteners in service. The reduced-scope research program consisted of a year of funding to demonstrate coating feasibility and culminated in corrosion performance characterization of several coated high strength steel substrates., The original document contains color images.

Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology is commonly advocated for waveform and frequency-agile radios. It works well for simple signals and limited bandwidths, less so for complex broadband waveforms. Whether these difficulties reflect theoretical limits or design choices was unknown since few quantified limits exist. Using literature surveys and analysis this report explores fundamental limits to SDR bandwidth and waveform complexity, design trade-offs, closeness of current technology to these limits, and future trends. For fixed front ends, SDR bandwidth is limited by analog-to-digital converter (ADC) bandwidth, dynamic range, and aperture jitter. The last dominates ADC fabrication limitations and GSM-like dynamic range for 2.5 GHz digitized bandwidths is theoretically impossible - not a fabrication limitation. Flexible front-ends are important as 2nd-order products limit practical instantaneous bandwidth to less than an octave. Increasing parallelism should improve processor performance until 2025, reaching a limit of 15 nanowatts per million multiply-and-accumulate operations per second. Multicore processors will alleviate latency., Prepared in cooperation with Cognitive Radio Technologies, LLC, Lynchburg, VA. The original document contains color images.

Burkholderia mallei is the etiologic agent of glanders in solipeds (horses, mules and donkeys), and incidentally in carnivores and humans. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of B. mallei pathogenesis. The putative carboxy-terminal processing protease (CtpA) of B. mallei is a member of a novel family of endoproteases involved in the maturation of proteins destined for the cell envelope. All species and isolates of Burkholderia carry a highly conserved copy of ctpA. We studied the involvement of CtpA on growth, cell morphology, persistence, and pathogenicity of B. mallei. A sucrose-resistant strain of B. mallei was constructed by deleting a major portion of the sacB gene of the wild type strain ATCC 23344 by gene replacement, and designated as strain 23344DeltasacB. A portion of the ctpA gene (encoding CtpA) of strain 23344DeltasacB was deleted by gene replacement to generate strain 23344DeltasacBDeltactpA. In contrast to the wild type ATCC 23344 or the sacB mutant 23344DeltasacB, the ctpA mutant 23344DeltasacBDeltactpA displayed altered cell morphologies with partially or fully disintegrated cell envelopes. Furthermore, relative to the wild type, the ctpA mutant displayed slower growth in vitro and less ability to survive in J774.2 murine macrophages. The expression of mRNA of adtA, the gene downstream of ctpA was similar among the three strains suggesting that disruption of ctpA did not induce any polar effects. As with the wild type or the sacB mutant, the ctpA mutant exhibited a dose-dependent lethality when inoculated intraperitoneally into CD1 mice. The CD1 mice inoculated with a non-lethal dose of the ctpA mutant produced specific serum immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2a and were partially protected against challenge with wild type B. mallei ATCC 23344. These findings suggest that CtpA regulates in vitro growth, cell morphology and intracellular survival of B. mallei, and a ctpA mutant protects CD1 mice against glanders., The original document contains color images. Pub. in Microbial Pathogenesis, v45, p207-216, 2008.

We discuss the flow of BKZ fluids in an orthogonal rheometer. Some analytical results are proved, and numerical solutions are obtained for the Currie model. These solutions show a boundary layer behavior at high Reynolds numbers and the possibility of discontinuous solutions or nonexistence at high Weissenberg numbers.

Based on morphological and allozymic evidence, the Poecilia sphenops complex is an array of at least ten biological species ranging from Mexico to Venezuela (systematics are unclear south of Mexico) and not a single polytypic species as some authors have previously suggested. The allozyme data also suggest that the populations of mollies with tricuspid teeth on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Mexico now referred to as P. sphenops (sensu strito) may represent at least two biological species. As some of the members of the complex are used as general research animals, experimental biologists should ascertain the specific identity of their stocks.

The objectives, work carried out and results obtained during a Phase 11 STTR project are reported. An capability for unsteady flows is added to a sensitivity tool which numerically solves the continuous sensitivity equations. A feedback control law is implemented to control numerically an acoustic instability, which is modeled by coupling pressure and velocity perturbations at an inflow boundary condition. Axi-symmetric simulations are presented for the burner both without methane injection and with five injection locations. The computation is performed using a 12-specie methane/air chemistry model with finite-rate chemical kinetics. An experimental investigation is pursued of a circular bluff-body burner equipped with multiple fuel injectors. The axial injector is used as a pilot flame for premixed observations at equivalence ratios of 0.4 and 0.5., Prepared in collaboration with DCMA Southern Virginia, Fort Monroe, VA.

This technical report summarizes the R&D effort for the Phase II STTR program titled "High-Temperature, High-Bandwidth Fiber Optic Pressure and Temperature Sensors for Gas Turbine Applications". Luna Innovations and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech or VT) have teamed together for this effort. This research program has developed accurate and reliable pressure and temperature instrumentation that can operate within extremely high-temperature combusting flows. The sensors developed during this project has been tested in a gas turbine engine measuring the pressure differentials that occur as the turbine blades rotate during operation.

Phase I work performed by Electrical Distribution Design, Inc (EDD) evaluated use of a Linear Graph Iterator based approach for reconfiguration and recovery modeling and analysis of shipboard systems. This approach was originally developed by Virginia Tech and EDD for the Power Utility Industry. Several simplified ship system arrangements for electrical distribution, firemain and chill water were modeled and analyzed. Included in the models were multiple reconfiguration paths, prioritized loads, and relatively short loops and low cable impedances. In addition to demonstration modeling, EDD completed a significant amount of recovery analysis problem definition and integrated systems analysis software architecture definition work. Results demonstrated that: (1) EDD's Linear Graph Iterator model based approach is well suited for structuring shipboard system recovery analysis for both design and control; and (2) Significant synergy potential exists for using a Linear Graph Iterator based approach to structure concurrent Utility, Navy and Homeland Security critical infrastructure system reconfiguration and recovery design and control research.

The accurate measurement of gas flow conditions in the compressor, combustors, and turbines of gas turbine engines is important to assess performance, predict failure, and facilitate data-driven maintenance. Surface and point measurements of pressure and temperature in the high temperature regions of the turbine help engineers optimize performance, improve fuel mixing and burning in the combustor, and redesign compressor and turbine stages based on actual measurements. There currently exists no sensor technology capable of making pressure measurements in the critical hot regions of gas turbine engines. Luna Innovations is developing extremely high-temperature, fiber optic pressure sensors based on inert refractory ceramic construction. During the project, several breakthroughs were achieved in high-temperature fiber optic packaging, sensor design, and high-speed measurement. In-engine testing is scheduled to begin in mid-August at Virginia Tech. Additional testing will be conducted with a major aircraft turbine engine manufacturer. By the conclusion of this project, Luna Innovations will have produced a fiber optic pressure sensor capable of making measurements at up to 1400 degrees C, 75O psi, at a sample rate of 1.0 MHz.

The sensitivity-equation method has been extended to accommodate three-dimensional, unstructured mesh topologies. The method is developed and demonstrated for inviscid, laminar and the two-equation turbulence models. Performance is enhanced by implementing a MPI parallel capability as well as a graphical user interface. For all cases, solutions to the linear sensitivity equations require less than 10% of the computational time required to solve the non-linear flow problem. A central-difference utility is developed to assess the accuracy of the SEM results. The product is developed with the goal of being compatible with any flow solver --whether structured or unstructured --as part of a larger design environment., The original document contains color images.

This Small Business Innovation Research program sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) addressed the issue of remote monitoring of acoustic environments with the hearing acuity a soldier is accustomed to, without placing the soldier in a potentially hostile acoustic environment. To achieve this goal, Adaptive Technologies, Inc. (ATI) employed a product-oriented design strategy to develop a wired proof-of-concept prototype using commercial-on-the- shelf components. At the end of the Phase I effort, ATI delivered to ARL a fully functional wired binaural hearing device capable of accurately monitoring remote acoustic environments as far as 50 feet from the listener/operator. The remote head and ear system was mounted on a robotic device that permitted pan-and-tilt motion of the remote ears. The orientation of this was commanded by the local user's head location, which was measured by a head-tracking device purchased from Ascension Technologies, Inc. Finally, a customizable audio path equalization process was created to flatten the magnitude response between the remote and local ear canal locations to ensure the highest fidelity and most realistic audio reproduction possible. In addition to the customizable frequency response, ATI provided ARL with a fixed equalization filter that was fit to a small population of users tested at ATI. This generic digital filter was designed to operate at a sampling frequency of 44 kHz., The original document contains color images.

The probability of U.S. forces encountering CB agents during worldwide conflicts remains high. In the next 10 years, the threat from the proliferation of CBW weapons will increase. This will result from development of CB agents more difficult to detect and from adoption of more capable delivery systems. Several countries have CW capabilities (e.g., North Korea, China, India, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libra, and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union). The Joint Service Chemical and Biological Defense (CBD) Overview for FY00-FY01 identified early warning as the key to avoiding CB agent contamination. Standoff and point detection means, combined with effective collective and individual protective systems, can mitigate, even preclude an effective CBW attack. The CBD annual report acknowledges several major technical challenges to CB defense, including minimization of false positive/negative alarms, "size, weight, and power reduction of detectors, power generation and consumption, development of integrated biological and chemical detection systems, and the fusion of sensor data with mapping, imagery, and other data." To address these challenges, Luna focused development efforts on critical areas previously identified, "system miniaturization, improved sensitivity and specificity, agent characterizations and range, decreased false alarm rate, and decreased operation/support costs."

Plate count methods are used to determine the efficacy of decontaminants against pathogenic bacteria. However, they are costly, labor intensive and time-consuming. With recent concerns of biowarfare, a simple and rapid means for characterizing decontaminant formulations and monitoring clean up efforts are greatly needed. Luna has developed several fluorescence-based assays to monitor the viability of microbes such as E. coli, S. aureus and B. globigii, the anthrax simulant. Dose-response and time-course lethalities to decontaminants can be determined within 1-2 hours. During this special contract, Luna Innovations adapted the fluorescent viability assays to monitor the decontamination of bacterial spores. With the addition of an acceleration step, the resazurin viability assay monitored the lethal effects of decontaminants on spores of B. globigii with good correlation to decreases in plate counts (spores/ml). Spores were recovered from glass surfaces decontaminated with DF-200 and processed using a novel syringe/filter sampling format. By combining the acceleration step with the syringe/filter formats, as few as 5-50 spores were detected from swabbed surfacesin 8-10 hours. This rapid, fluorescence-based viability assay has been formatted for %high throughput" use with a fluorescent microplate reader and provides a rapid alternative to extensive primary plate count screening, The original document contains color images.

In support of the Air Force's airborne laser (ABL) development program. state-of-the-art CFD analysis and design methods have been extended to include the physical models important in chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) systems. The three-dimensional COIL simulation model is based on the CFD flow solver GASP v4 which solves the conservative, finite-volume formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations with general thermo-chemistry. The COIL design software is based on the continuous sensitivity equation method (CSEM) and AeroSoft's flow-field sensitivity solver. SENSE. Extensions to GASP and SENSE include a COIL chemistry mechanism, a multicomponent diffusion model with pressure terms, and coupling with a laser optics resonator module based on the geometric ray-tracing method. In addition, GASP has been modified to include a water-vapor condensation model and a COIL surface catalysis model Simulations have been performed for the RADICL research laser for both power-on and power-off conditions., Prepared in collaboration with Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.

Hypersonic vehicles are becoming more of a reality with the current level of technology. Concept vehicles are now being made in order to test the most recent advances in hypersonic technology. Along with models for flight testing, CFD has become an important role in the development of modern hypersonic vehicles. The technology in CFD is making more complex configurations and flow-fields available for simulation. One of the advances in CFD that is making this possible is unstructured grid generation and flow solvers.

Computational analysis of flow through a model combustor is completed using several commercial CFD packages. Both global and reduce-order models prove ineffective for this gas-turbine applicaion. These models exhibit signifloant stiffness or require numerical damping of product concentrations. The existenoe of a CH4+M reaction is critical to the performanoe of any methane/air chemistry model. A 12-specie model based on a set of elementary reactions is found to perform well. The flow is made unsteady by imposing a sinusoidally varying inflow profile., Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.

ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 1 file; Adobe Acrobat v.3.0 PDF; col. ill. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 818KB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: IBM-clone PC-compatible; requires CD-ROM drive. ABSTRACT: The Phase-I COIL effort has focused on extending AeroSoft's GASP and SENSE software for COIL-laser analysis and design. Important improvements include: modifications to the species diffusion model to account for effective diffusion coefficients and pressure-driven diffusion effects, modifications to account for laser power extraction, the addition of a COIL chemistry model, and the development of a strategy for implementing a coupled flow-solver/power-extraction sensitivity analysis method. Results for test problems involving helium and iodine injection showed significant effects from the pressure-diffusion terms. Fully-coupled, power-on laser simulations exhibited an instability resulting from an uncoupling of grid points caused by the bi-linear interpolation method used to transfer data back and forth between the optics mesh and the flow-solver mesh. This problem occurred when there was a large disparity in the number of grid points for the flow-solver and optics mesh in the lasing cavity. Stable power-on results, however, could be obtained for well-matched flow-solver/optics grid systems. Future plans to implement a conservative interpolation scheme should eliminate this problem., See also: ADA380326. Prepared in cooperation with Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.

The Phase-I COIL effort has focused on extending AeroSoft's GASP and SENSE software for COIL-laser analysis and design. Important improvements include: modifications to the species diffusion model to account for effective diffusion coefficients and pressure-driven diffusion effects, modifications to account for laser power extraction, the addition of a COIL chemistry model, and the development of a strategy for implementing a coupled flow-solver/power-extraction sensitivity analysis method. Results for test problems involving helium and iodine injection showed significant effects from the pressure-diffusion terms. Fully-coupled, power-on laser simulations exhibited an instability resulting from an uncoupling of grid points caused by the bi-linear interpolation method used to transfer data back and forth between the optics mesh and the flow-solver mesh. This problem occurred when there was a large disparity in the number of grid points for the flow-solver and optics mesh in the lasing cavity. Stable power-on results, however, could be obtained for well-matched flow-solver/optics grid systems. Future plans to implement a conservative interpolation scheme should eliminate this problem., Prepared in cooperation with Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.

During the performance of this STTR Phase I program, F&S along with our development partners at Virginia Tech, have successfully demonstrated the formation of noncentro-symmetric thin films using the ISAM process. These films exhibit significant second-order nonlinear optical properties. Further, we have demonstrated a fabrication process capable of creating thousands of bilayers of such films, which demonstrates the feasibility of full-scale commercial manufacturing. The resulting films exhibit significant robustness, particularly during temperature cycling, and do not have to be poled to achieve their nonlinear properties. Finally, we have shown increased performance of the ISAM films through the synthesis of a number of new polydye materials. These Phase I program results lay the foundation for an expanded product development program based on this technology.

Self-assembled multilayer fabrication technology offers the ability to implement and replicate a wide variety of cost-competitive submicron-scale and low-power microelectronic, optoelectronic, and physical transducer devices for uses in military and consumer communication, instrumentation and display systems. Ionic self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) techniques for the fabrication of multilayer nanoparticle/polymer structures offer low manufacturing costs, advantages of processing at ambient temperature and pressure, ability to produce devices on a variety of substrate materials, and broad multifunctional tailing of materials response through the selective incorporation and long-range ordering of specific organic and inorganic molecules. F&S has modified the ISAM process to incorporate judiciously selected inorganic nanoparticles and organic polymers to form multilayer thin-films having enhanced electronic, optical, magnetic and other functionalities. Due to ultrasmall nanoparticle size and tight size distribution control, multiple quantum size effects have been demonstrated in such systems for the first time, suggesting the ability to control electronic material properties. F&S has also shown that ISAM processing inherently results in the spontaneous regular geometric ordering of noncentrosymmetric thin-film structures that display ferroelectric-like behavior, and nonlinear optical (NLO), electrooptic, piezoelectric and other responses, also for the first time.

Self-assembled multilayer thin film fabrication methods offer unique opportunities to incorporate multiple functionalities into coatings for space system materials and structures as well as consumer products. Ionic self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) techniques in particular permit the flexible combination of inorganic and organic materials at the molecular level, allowing broad multifunctional tailoring of materials response through the selective incorporation and long-range ordering of specific molecules. ISAM processing of such coatings has additional advantages of simple manufacturing, processing at ambient temperature and pressure, and ability to produce coatings on a variety of substrate materials, including ceramics, metals, polymers and composites. The focus of this program is to quickly develop the fundamental nanoparticle and ISAM synthesis research so commercially viable protective coating and related products may be manufactured and commercialized. Specific near term technical goals include demonstration over control of nanometer particle size, understanding the quantum behavior of such particles in ordered thin films, and upscaling the thin film process to large structural components.

The goal of this proposal is to develop transgenic plants for the production of oral food-based delivery of new recombinant vaccines against the plague and anthrax. The major goal of the Phase 1 contract was to generate transgenic plant material expressing three different antigens: the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA), the Yersinia pestis V antigen modified to contain a His6 epitope to facilitate affinity purification (His-Tag V), and the Y pestis F1 antigen, with potential for anthrax and bubonic plague vaccines, respectively. We will briefly introduce the disease and the rationale for selection of targeted antigens.

This document is a collection of abstracts of papers presented at the 18th Annual Adhesion Society Meeting held at Hilton Head, SC on February 19-22, 1995. The program was chaired by Joseph W. Holubka. Three areas of adhesion science will be emphasized in this years meeting. These areas include: New Materials for Adhesives and Coatings; Small Particle Adhesion; and Chemical/Physical Characterization of Adhesive Interactions. Two sessions will be assigned to each of these areas of technical interest. In addition, 'special topics sessions' on modelling adhesion processes; durability: environmentally induced adhesion reduction, pressure sensitive adhesives; mechanical characterization adhesion producing interphases; and applications of adhesion science will also be presented. (MM)

The report describes experiments that were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel optical fiber based composite cure monitoring technique. Preliminary investigations were conducted using a fast cure, industrial grade epoxy in a neat resin environment. Neat resin tests were demonstrated using a more common composite resin, Hercules' 3501-6 material. A neat resin cure monitoring station, which allowed repeatable cure monitoring results, was developed. A cure monitor assembly which addressed practical feasibility issues, was also developed. This assembly made it possible to interface the relatively fragile resin fiber elements with standard all-silica lead fibers without requiring micro-positioning equipment for alignment. In order to simplify the data acquisition process during the cure monitoring cycle, a PC-Basic routine was written which allowed continuous retrieval of data from a multi-channel optical meter as well as conventional thermocouples. This routine was used to perform cure monitoring measurements on Hercules 3501-6/AS4 composite coupons. Normalized Transmitted Power as a function of cure was monitored and showed correlation to the neat resin experiments conducted earlier.

A need has emerged for numerical schemes to predict hypersonic flows around three-dimensional configurations. The Army has shown considerable interest in applying 3-D PNS schemes to study supersonic/hypersonic flowfields around projectiles and missiles. Although the existing noniterative PNS schemes offer an attractive combination of accuracy and affordability, such schemes suffer from several numerical instability and inaccuracy problems. This study develops a new 3-D PNS scheme with significantly enhanced stability and accuracy characteristics. This three-dimensional PNS scheme is inherently stable in the subsonic as well as the supersonic flow regions and, thus, does not require any sublayer approximation. It uses a generalized PNS formulation to treat perfect- gas and equilibrium-air gas models in a unified manner. A second-order smoothing approach is used to damp the solution oscillations, while a pseudo-unsteady approach is used to dramatically improve the solution efficiency without compromising the solution accuracy. A new fully-implicit and crossflow-coupled shock-fitting approach has been developed, along with a new predictor-corrector solution scheme to treat large crossflow separated regions.

This 15 month effort developed an orbital maneuver sequence optimization computer program and applied it to the generation of optimal co orbital attack maneuver sequences and to the generation of optimal evasion and return maneuver sequences. Rocket burns were modeled as impulse and coasts as conic arcs, or as near circular orbit approximations thereto. Parameters consisting of impulse components and coast lengths are adjusted iteratively by a variable metric (BFGS) gradient process with projection treatment of constraints. A minimum radius component, not ordinarily included in orbit transfer optimization studies, proved to be important for co-orbital attack maneuver sequences. Families of such sequences are explored and the effects of various operational constraints investigated. Optimal in plane evasive maneuvering is studied subject to return-to-orbit and return-to-position in orbit constraints. keywords: Orbital Maneuvering; Space Defense.

An annotated bibliography on operator mental workload is presented with supporting information. This bibliography is based upon two literature searches, one performed in 1977 in support of a survey and analysis catalog (AD A059 501) and one performed in 1979 as an update. Each literature citation presented contains reference information, an abstract, a numerical workload technique category classification, a numerical operator behavior classification, and a group of word descriptors. Workload methods are divided into 28 specific techniques in four major categories: opinion, spare mental capacity, primary task, and physiological. Applicable operator behaviors are similarly divided into categories. The descriptors associated with each citation designate the general workload classification, the specific workload classification, the type of presentation, the type of facilities used, and the potential aircrew application. Over 600 citations are presented. Two indexes are also provided. The first is a workload technique index, and the second is an experimental facility index. It is concluded that periodic updating of the bibliography will be required and that attention should be directed toward computerizing future workload bibliographies. (Author), See also Rept. no. S-78-101 dated Sep 78, AD-A059 501.

Over 400 references relating to operator mental workload were selected and classified according to a two-dimensional scheme including workload methodology and universal operator behavior. Twenty-eight specific techniques of assessing workload by means of subjective opinions, spare mental capacity, primary task, and physiological measures were cataloged. This catalog summarizes critical criteria that need to be considered in the flight test and evalaution environment and describes each technique in terms of theory and background, description of necessary method/apparatus, area of application and example, limitations, and suggested RDT and E follow-ups. (Author)

Details of the nature and metabolic effects of the neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds, experimental protocols used, species susceptibility, and clinical disease produced in studies of delayed neuropathy are considered elsewhere in these proceedings. This presentation will emphasize the nature of associated nervous system lesions. To properly appreciate this, a brief note of clinical abnormalities is useful. Administration of an appropriate dose of a neurotoxic organophosphorus compound to a susceptible species produces clinical signs in about 1-3 weeks. In hens given tri-ortho-tolyl (or cresyl) phosphate (TOTP), an unsteady, clumsy gait began in about 8-10 days, and in association with ataxia, progressed to weakness and paralysis. Wings were affected later, and to a lesser degree., This article is from 'Proceedings of the Conference on Environmental Toxicology (14th) Held at Dayton, Ohio on 15, 16, and 17 November 1983,' AD-A146 400, p106-117.