46 results on '"Blake T. Dotta"'
Search Results
2. Neurite Growth and Electrical Activity in PC-12 Cells: Effects of H3 Receptor-Inspired Electromagnetic Fields and Inherent Schumann Frequencies
- Author
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Landon M. Lefebvre, Adam D. Plourde-Kelly, Kevin S. Saroka, and Blake T. Dotta
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Schumann resonance ,PC-12 Cells ,electromagnetic fields ,H3 receptor ,neurites ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Cells are continually exposed to a range of electromagnetic fields (EMFs), including those from the Schumann resonance to radio waves. The effects of EMFs on cells are diverse and vary based on the specific EMF type. Recent research suggests potential therapeutic applications of EMFs for various diseases. In this study, we explored the impact of a physiologically patterned EMF, inspired by the H3 receptor associated with wakefulness, on PC-12 cells in vitro. Our hypothesis posited that the application of this EMF to differentiated PC-12 cells could enhance firing patterns at specific frequencies. Cell electrophysiology was assessed using a novel device, allowing the computation of spectral power density (SPD) scores for frequencies between 1 Hz and 128 Hz. T-tests comparing SPD at certain frequencies (e.g., 29 Hz, 30 Hz, and 79 Hz) between the H3-EMF and control groups showed a significantly higher SPD in the H3 group (p < 0.050). Moreover, at 7.8 Hz and 71 Hz, a significant correlation was observed between predicted and percentages of cells with neurites (R = 0.542). Key findings indicate the efficacy of the new electrophysiology measure for assessing PC-12 cell activity, a significant increase in cellular activity with the H3-receptor-inspired EMF at specific frequencies, and the influence of 7.8 Hz and 71 Hz frequencies on neurite growth. The overall findings support the idea that the electrical frequency profiles of developing cell systems can serve as an indicator of their progression and eventual cellular outcomes.
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- 2024
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3. Effects of Patterned Electromagnetic Fields and Light-Emitting Diodes on Cancer Cells: Impact on Cell Density and Biophoton Emission When Applied Individually vs. Simultaneously
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Rahul Ravindran, Kate S. Branigan, Landon M. Lefebvre, and Blake T. Dotta
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electromagnetic fields (EMF) ,biophoton emission ,cancer cells ,LED ,time-varying fields ,B16-BL6 ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
It has been previously reported that time-varying EMFs and LEDs have the potential to modulate cellular activity and cell viability. It has also been shown that cellular activity and state can be inferred by measuring the biophoton emission derived from these same cells. To identify if the brief application (15 min) of an LED (635 nm at 3 klx) or EMF (1–3 uT) could influence cell growth and subsequent biophoton emission characteristics, B16-BL6 cells were grown to confluence and exposed to a time-varying, frequency-modulated EMF, LED, or both. Before and after EMF and LED exposure, photon emission measurements were taken for 1 min at a 50 Hz sampling rate. Following the exposure and photon emission measurements, cell viability was assessed via the use of a hemocytometer. The results demonstrated that after only 15 min of exposure to a time-varying EMF, there was a 41.6% reduction in viable cells when compared to sham controls [t(25) = 2.4, p = 0.02]. This effect approached significance in the LED alone condition [p = 0.07] but was completely absent in the condition wherein the LED and EMF were applied simultaneously [p < 0.8]. Additionally, following exposure to only the LED, there was a significant increase in biophoton emission SPD values at 13 Hz from whole cell cultures [t(60) = 2.3, p = 0.021]. This biophoton emission frequency was also strongly correlated with the number of nonviable cells [r = −0.514] in the dish. Taken together, these data point to biophotons emitted from cell cultures at 13 Hz as a potential indicator of the number of nonviable cells in vitro. The summation of data here corroborates previous work demonstrating the efficacy of specific time-varying EMFs as a novel therapeutic for the inhibition of cancer cell growth. It also furthers our assertion that biophoton emission can be used as a novel detection tool for cell activity.
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- 2023
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4. Cognitive Decline: Current Intervention Strategies and Integrative Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease
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Kate S. Branigan and Blake T. Dotta
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Alzheimer’s disease ,electromagnetic fields (EMF) ,gamma oscillations ,flickering light stimulation (FLS) ,cognitive functioning ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a pressing global health challenge, with an anticipated surge in diagnoses over the next two decades. This progressive neurodegenerative disorder unfolds gradually, with observable symptoms emerging after two decades of imperceptible brain changes. While traditional therapeutic approaches, such as medication and cognitive therapy, remain standard in AD management, their limitations prompt exploration into novel integrative therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in AD research focus on entraining gamma waves through innovative methods, such as light flickering and electromagnetic fields (EMF) stimulation. Flickering light stimulation (FLS) at 40 Hz has demonstrated significant reductions in AD pathologies in both mice and humans, providing improved cognitive functioning. Additionally, recent experiments have demonstrated that APOE mutations in mouse models substantially reduce tau pathologies, with microglial modulation playing a crucial role. EMFs have also been demonstrated to modulate microglia. The exploration of EMFs as a therapeutic approach is gaining significance, as many recent studies have showcased their potential to influence microglial responses. Th article concludes by speculating on the future directions of AD research, emphasizing the importance of ongoing efforts in understanding the complexities of AD pathogenesis through a holistic approach and developing interventions that hold promise for improved patient outcomes.
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- 2024
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5. The Influence of Burst-Firing EMF on Forskolin-Induced Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Plasma Membrane Extensions
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Trevor N. Carniello, Robert M. Lafrenie, and Blake T. Dotta
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pheocrhomocytoma (PC12) cells ,electromagnetic fields (EMF) ,Burst-firing EMF ,forskolin ,plasma membrane extensions (PME) ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells treated with forskolin provides a model for the in vitro examination of neuritogenesis. Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially those which have been designed to mimic biological function, can influence the functions of various biological systems. We aimed to assess whether exposure of PC12 cells treated with forskolin to patterned EMF would produce more plasma membrane extensions (PME) as compared to PC12 cells treated with forskolin alone (i.e., no EMF exposure). In addition, we aimed to determine whether the differences observed between the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to EMF were specific to the intensity, pattern, or timing of the applied EMF. Our results showed an overall increase in PME for PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to Burst-firing EMF as compared to PC12 cells receiving forskolin alone. No other patterned EMF investigated were deemed to be effective. Furthermore, intensity and timing of the Burst-firing pattern did not significantly alter the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to patterned EMF.
- Published
- 2021
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6. The Effects of Exam-Induced Stress on EEG Profiles and Memory Scores
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Taylor Roy, Kevin S. Saroka, Victoria L. Hossack, and Blake T. Dotta
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EEG ,exam stress ,memory ,parahippocampal gyrus ,cortisol ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Common stressors amongst postsecondary students are exam-induced anxiety and stress. The purpose of this study was to measure stress alterations in the student population around examinations and determine how they affect electroencephalogram (EEG) profiles and memory scores. Twenty university students were measured multiple times in the study. During each measurement, participants were administered a cortisol saliva test and an EEG. We hypothesized that cortisol levels, memory scores, and EEG profiles would all demonstrate changes near examinations. The brain regions of interest (ROIs) were the parahippocampal gyrus, the medial frontal gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus. Results demonstrated that memory performance and parahippocampal activity were correlated, specifically in the 5–9 Hz frequency band. Correlations were also computed between cortisol levels, memory performance, and parahippocampal activity. The medial frontal gyrus also displayed changes in the mean (19–20 Hz) current source density (CSD) throughout the experiment. The middle frontal gyrus activation was highly variable during the different measurement time points. Essentially, when an individual’s memory scores were consistent between exam and nonexam trials, there was an increase in middle frontal gyrus activation during examination periods. Lastly, the right parahippocampal gyrus was found to be the most activated one day away from examination time. These results indicate that memory scores are related to cortisol levels and examination periods, but most importantly, there are overt and predictable alterations in student EEG profiles near examinations.
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- 2023
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7. Bacterial biophotons as non‐local information carriers: Species‐specific spectral characteristics of a stress response
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Lucas W. E. Tessaro, Blake T. Dotta, and Michael A. Persinger
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Biophotons ,cell stress ,E. coli ,non‐local communication ,S. marcescens ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Studies by Alexander Gurwitsch in the 1920' s with onion root cells revealed the phenomenon of mitogenetic radiation. Subsequent works by Popp, Van Wijk, Quickenden, Tillbury, and Trushin have demonstrated a link between Gurwitsch's mitogenetic radiation and the biophoton, emissions of light correlated with biological processes. The present study seeks to expand upon these and other works to explore whether biophoton emissions of bacterial cultures is used as an information carrier of environmental stress. Bacterial cultures (Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens) were incubated for 24 hr in 5 ml of nutrient broth to stationary phase and cell densities of ~107 cells/mL. Cultures of E. coli were placed upon a photomultiplier tube housed within a dark box. A second bacterial culture, either E. coli or S. marcescens, was placed in an identical dark box at a distance of 5 m and received injections of hydrogen peroxide. Spectral analyses revealed significant differences in peak frequencies of 7.2, 10.1, and 24.9 Hz in the amplitude modulation of the emitted biophoton signal with respect to whether a peroxide injection occurred or not, and whether the species receiving the injection was E. coli or S. marcescens. These and the subsequent results of discriminant functions suggest that bacteria may release biophotons as a non‐local communication system in response to stress, and that these biophotons are species specific.
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- 2019
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8. Inverse relationship between photon flux densities and nanotesla magnetic fields over cell aggregates: Quantitative evidence for energetic conservation
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Michael A. Persinger, Blake T. Dotta, Lukasz M. Karbowski, and Nirosha J. Murugan
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Photon emissions ,Cell culture ,Magnetic fields ,Energy conservation ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The quantitative relationship between local changes in magnetic fields and photon emissions within ∼2 mm of aggregates of 105–106 cells was explored experimentally. The vertical component of the earth's magnetic field as measured by different magnetometers was ∼15 nT higher when plates of cells removed from incubation were measured compared to plates containing only medium. Additional experiments indicated an inverse relationship over the first ∼45 min between changes in photon counts (∼10−12W·m−2) following removal from incubation and similar changes in magnetic field intensity. Calculations indicated that the energy within the aqueous volume containing the cells was equivalent for that associated with the flux densities of the magnetic fields and the photon emissions. For every approximately 1 nT increase in magnetic field intensity value there was a decrease of ∼2 photons (equivalent of 10−18J). These results complement correlation studies and suggest there may be a conservation of energy between expression as magnetic fields that are subtracted or added to the adjacent geomagnetic field and reciprocal changes in photon emissions when aggregates of cells within a specific volume of medium (water) adapt to new environments.
- Published
- 2015
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9. A Single Hypoxic Event Ameliorates Pilocarpine Induced Hyperkinetic Movements in Planaria
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Teagan Neufeld, Trevor N. Carniello, and Blake T. Dotta
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- 2022
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10. The Influence of Burst-Firing EMF on Forskolin-Induced Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Plasma Membrane Extensions
- Author
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Robert M. Lafrenie, Trevor N. Carniello, and Blake T. Dotta
- Subjects
Forskolin ,animal structures ,Burst-firing EMF ,pheocrhomocytoma (PC12) cells ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,medicine.disease ,In vitro ,forskolin ,Emf exposure ,Pheochromocytoma ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bursting ,Membrane ,chemistry ,nervous system ,plasma membrane extensions (PME) ,medicine ,Biophysics ,electromagnetic fields (EMF) ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells treated with forskolin provides a model for the in vitro examination of neuritogenesis. Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially those which have been designed to mimic biological function, can influence the functions of various biological systems. We aimed to assess whether exposure of PC12 cells treated with forskolin to patterned EMF would produce more plasma membrane extensions (PME) as compared to PC12 cells treated with forskolin alone (i.e., no EMF exposure). In addition, we aimed to determine whether the differences observed between the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to EMF were specific to the intensity, pattern, or timing of the applied EMF. Our results showed an overall increase in PME for PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to Burst-firing EMF as compared to PC12 cells receiving forskolin alone. No other patterned EMF investigated were deemed to be effective. Furthermore, intensity and timing of the Burst-firing pattern did not significantly alter the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to patterned EMF.
- Published
- 2021
11. p38 MAPK patterned EMF affects PC-12 neurite outgrowth after 2 days of treatment
- Author
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Stanley A. Koren, Blake T. Dotta, and Adam D. Plourde-Kelly
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Neurite ,Chemistry ,General Neuroscience ,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases ,Biophysics ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cell biology ,RC321-571 - Published
- 2021
12. Sensitivity of Planaria to Weak, Patterned Electric Current and the Subsequent Correlative Interactions with Fluctuations in the Intensity of the Magnetic Field of Earth
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Victoria L. Hossack, Michael A. Persinger, and Blake T. Dotta
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Electromagnetic field ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Population ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Electric field ,education ,lcsh:Science ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Physics ,Geomagnetic storm ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,geomagnetic storms ,biology.organism_classification ,electroreception ,Planaria ,Magnetic field ,Earth's magnetic field ,ap index ,lcsh:Q ,Electric current ,Biological system ,flatworm - Abstract
Some species of fish show highly evolved mechanisms by which they can detect exogenous electric and magnetic fields. The detection of electromagnetic fields has been hypothesized to exist in humans, despite the lack of specialized sensors. In this experiment, planaria were tested in a t-maze with weak electric current pulsed in one arm to determine if the planaria showed any indication of being able to detect it. It was found that a small proportion of the population seemed to be attracted to this current. Additionally, if the experiment was preceded by a geomagnetic storm, the planaria showed a linear correlation increase in the variability of their movement in response to the presence of the weak electric field. Both of these results indicate that a subpopulation of planaria show some ability to respond to electromagnetic fields.
- Published
- 2020
13. The impact of emotionally valenced music on emotional state and EEG profile: Convergence of self-report and quantitative data
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Adam D. Plourde-Kelly, Kevin S. Saroka, and Blake T. Dotta
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Happiness ,Electroencephalography ,Ambivalence ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Narrative ,media_common ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Neuroscience ,Fear ,Middle Aged ,humanities ,030104 developmental biology ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Duration (music) ,Anxiety ,Female ,Convergence (relationship) ,Self Report ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Insula ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Music ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Musical stimuli can induce a variety of emotions in individuals. We sought to determine whether different valenced music would induce EEG profile changes and self-reported emotional states in individuals following the viewing of a complex video with a concrete narrative and emotional ambivalence. We used a five-minute video titled “El Empleo”, coupled with either joyful, fearful, or no music. EEG recordings were taken throughout the duration of the experiment and a self-reported questionnaire on emotional state was administered after viewing of the video. We found self-reported measures of happiness increased following viewing of the video paired with joyful music, while EEG data demonstrated that the following brain regions displayed significant changes in activity following both fearful and joyful music: the right inferior parietal lobule, left uncus, and left insula. Additionally, we found that anxiety self-report scores correlated negatively with average gamma activity within the insula within each group. The convergence of self-reported data and quantitative EEG data was consistent across 27 participants. These data indicate that different valenced music can alter EEG activity in emotion specific regions, reflected in participants perceived emotional state.
- Published
- 2021
14. Seed Germination and Their Photon Emission Profile Following Exposure to a Rotating Magnetic Field
- Author
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Michael A. Persinger, Blake T. Dotta, and Victoria L. Hossack
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Rotating magnetic field ,Horticulture ,biology ,Photon emission ,Chemistry ,Germination ,Mammalian cell ,food and beverages ,Helianthus ,biology.organism_classification ,Sunflower - Abstract
A multitude of experiments have applied magnetic fields to plants or seeds and found a variety of different and sometimes contradicting results. A magnetic field generating device called the Chrysalis resonator has been shown to influence the brain activity of human participants, the photon emissions from bacteria, mammalian cell cultures and water. In this experiment sunflower seeds (Helianthus annus) were allowed to begin germination and then exposed to either the field generated by the Chrysalis resonator or a sham condition. Their growth and photon emissions were taken over the next 5 days. It was found that the seeds showed less germination 48 hours after exposure and significantly higher photon emissions when 3 seeds were measured together in a dish, but not if 2 seeds or 1 seed were measured. There were no significant differences in the photon measurements from the water the seeds were germinating in. These results may indicate that the seeds became more sensitive to the presence of neighbouring seeds. The photon emissions results were also significantly impacted by external weather conditions.
- Published
- 2019
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15. Ultraweak Photon Emissions as a Non-Invasive, Early-Malignancy Detection Tool: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
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Blake T. Dotta, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Michael A. Persinger, and Nirosha J. Murugan
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0301 basic medicine ,030103 biophysics ,Cancer Research ,Photon ,Malignancy ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,pancreatic cell cultures ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,mice developing tumors ,cancer diagnostics ,Chemistry ,Melanoma ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,In vitro ,Oncology ,Cell culture ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,ultraweak photon emission ,Cancer research ,discriminant functions ,malignancy - Abstract
Early detection of cancer improves treatment options and increases survival. Building upon previous demonstrations that ultraweak photon emissions (UPE) could be measured to detect cancers, we designed an early detection protocol to test malignancy in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Photons were measured for 100 s from plates containing ~1 million malignant or non-malignant cells from 13 different types of human and mouse cell lines. Tumor cells displayed increased photon emissions compared to non-malignant cells. Examining the standardized Spectral Power Density (SPD) configurations for flux densities between 0.1 and 25 Hz (&Delta, f = 0.01 Hz) yielded 90% discriminant accuracy. The emission profiles of mice that had been injected with melanoma cells could be differentiated from a non-malignant reference groups as early as 24 h post-injection. The peak SPD associated with photon emissions was ~20 Hz for both malignant cell cultures and mice with growing tumors. These results extend the original suggestion by Takeda and his colleagues (2004) published in this journal concerning the potential diagnostic value of UPEs for assessing proliferations of carcinoma cells. The specificity of the spectral profile in the 20 Hz range may be relevant to the consistent efficacy reported by several authors that weak magnetic field pulsations within this frequency range can diminish the growth of malignant cells in culture and tumor weights in mice.
- Published
- 2020
16. Acceleration of Radiative Decay of Photon Counts With Increasing Numbers of Measurement Units: A Potential Large Scale Negative Zeno Effect That Matches With Lorentz Contraction and Photon Acceleration Durations
- Author
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David A. E. Vares, Blake T. Dotta, and Michael A. Persinger
- Subjects
Physics ,Photomultiplier ,Wavelength ,Acceleration ,Photon ,Quantum mechanics ,Electron ,Photoelectric effect ,Atomic physics ,Length contraction ,Quantum Zeno effect - Abstract
         The reverse Zeno effect whereby an unstable quantum state associated with radiative decay is accelerated by frequent measurements was demonstrated experimentally for numbers of “spontaneous†photons in a 3 m3 hyperdark chamber during the 60 s following a burst of applied photons. Numbers of photon counts were measured from one digital photomultiplier unit when either 1 (the reference) or 2, 3, or 4 units were measuring simultaneously. There was a median decrease of 50 photons per s with the addition of each additional simultaneous measurement by another unit. The energy was ~ 10-17 J per s and is equivalent to a wavelength of 10 nm. This quantity is equivalent to the energy of one neuron in the human brain displaying its upper limit (~1 kHz). The results suggest that this increment of energy may be a standard quantity that reflects the numbers of measurements by similar photoelectric currents to the decay of a single photon burst. The approximately 30 to 40 s required for the decay of photons per unit to inflect towards asymptote is consistent with the solution for the Lorentz contraction for the shift in electron mass-energy (10-17 J) with a wavelength of ~10 nm. The 30 to 40 s value is a solution for several applications to novel calculations involving fundamental parameters within the structure of space-time.
- Published
- 2016
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17. Bacterial biophotons as non‐local information carriers: Species‐specific spectral characteristics of a stress response
- Author
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Blake T. Dotta, Lucas W.E. Tessaro, and Michael A. Persinger
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Light ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Fight-or-flight response ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,cell stress ,Species Specificity ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Serratia marcescens ,biology ,E. coli ,Original Articles ,Non local ,biology.organism_classification ,S. marcescens ,Biophoton ,chemistry ,Stationary phase ,non‐local communication ,Biophysics ,Original Article ,Biophotons ,Bacteria - Abstract
Studies by Alexander Gurwitsch in the 1920' s with onion root cells revealed the phenomenon of mitogenetic radiation. Subsequent works by Popp, Van Wijk, Quickenden, Tillbury, and Trushin have demonstrated a link between Gurwitsch's mitogenetic radiation and the biophoton, emissions of light correlated with biological processes. The present study seeks to expand upon these and other works to explore whether biophoton emissions of bacterial cultures is used as an information carrier of environmental stress. Bacterial cultures (Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens) were incubated for 24 hr in 5 ml of nutrient broth to stationary phase and cell densities of ~107 cells/mL. Cultures of E. coli were placed upon a photomultiplier tube housed within a dark box. A second bacterial culture, either E. coli or S. marcescens, was placed in an identical dark box at a distance of 5 m and received injections of hydrogen peroxide. Spectral analyses revealed significant differences in peak frequencies of 7.2, 10.1, and 24.9 Hz in the amplitude modulation of the emitted biophoton signal with respect to whether a peroxide injection occurred or not, and whether the species receiving the injection was E. coli or S. marcescens. These and the subsequent results of discriminant functions suggest that bacteria may release biophotons as a non‐local communication system in response to stress, and that these biophotons are species specific.
- Published
- 2018
18. Delayed Shifts in pH Responses to Weak Acids in Spring Water Exposed to Circular Rotating Magnetic Fields: A Narrow Band Intensity-Dependence
- Author
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Michael A. Persinger, Nirosha J. Murugan, Blake T. Dotta, and Lukasz M. Karbowski
- Subjects
Intensity dependence ,Narrow band ,Chemistry ,Analytical chemistry ,General Medicine ,Spring (mathematics) ,Molecular physics ,Magnetic field - Published
- 2015
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19. Shifts in Photon Spectral Power Densities within Schumann (7.7 to 7.8 Hz) Values in Microtubules during Complex Magnetic Field Exposures May Reflect an Information Interface with Universal Energies
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Blake T. Dotta, Michael A. Persinger, David A. E. Vares, and Stanley A. Koren
- Subjects
Photon ,Magnetic energy ,Schumann resonances ,Magnetic moment ,Chemistry ,Hydrogen line ,Photon energy ,Atomic physics ,Phase modulation ,Magnetic field - Abstract
The specific diameter of microtubules was shown to be a primary solution when magnetic energy was set equal to Casimir energy. To discern if this spatial containment could be foci for information photon emissions were measured from preparations of microtubules (MTs) while they were exposed in sequential 4 min intervals to various patterns of weak magnetic fields whose intensities ranged from 3 to 10 μT. Calculations from the median mass of a tubulin dimer, its summed charges and the applied magnetic field as well as the change in magnetic moment derived from the energy of the hydrogen line when applied to our experimental fields predicted a dynamic shift (Δf) between 0.03 and 0.21 Hz. Spectral power densities (SPD) indicated marked enhancements in photon numbers during periods of magnetic field exposures within the 7.6 to 7.8 Hz increment. The total SPD units for the shift were 10-18 to 10-17 J per s. Five of the eight patterns elicited a split spectrum of power within this range. Separate factor analyses of the SPDs of the serial values that composed the points of the actual field patterns indicated those that evoked the split-spectrum (Δf = 0.05 to 0.13 Hz) displayed significantly higher loadings on the same factor compared to those that did not. If this shift in photon energy reflects a phase modulation of the coherence frequency (8 MHz) of MTs, the increment of energy per MHz frequency would be within the energy of the neutral hydrogen line. These results suggest that the intrinsic structure or information from specific intensity magnetic fields when applied to MTs is reflected in photon energy densities vacillating around the fundamental Schumann Resonance that could be an interface between Casimir and magnetic sources.
- Published
- 2015
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20. Four Years of Daily Photon Emissions That Have Predicted Major Earthquakes: Raw Data, Spectral Power Density Analyses and Implications for the Geosciences
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Ghislaine F. Lafreniere, Brendan Lehman, Blake T. Dotta, and Michael A. Persinger
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Geophysical Processes ,Continuous measurement ,Photon ,Meteorology ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Environmental science ,Seismic energy ,Flux ,Atmospheric sciences ,Power density - Abstract
The daily median ground surface flux densities per day from a continuously operating photomultiplier tube unit for four years in Sudbury, Ontario are presented for December 2010 to December 2014. Increases of about 2 to 4 PMT units (1 unit = 5 × 10-11 W·m-2) for median daily measures reliably occurred about two weeks before M ≥ 7.7 earthquakes anywhere on the planet. The PMT units, until June 2014, usually returned to baseline within a few days after the events. There has been a slow positive drift in flux power density since about 2012 and a conspicuous maintained increase after May, 2014. The equivalent energy per day if it were represented isotropically within the volume occupied by the earth is the same order of magnitude as the average daily global total seismic energy release. Spectral power densities revealed enhanced peaks (periodicities) between 100 to 150 days, 60 days, 30 days, and 25 days. Discriminable peaks in power were noted around 18 days, 14 days, and 4 to 6 days. These results suggest that continuous measurement of photonemissions within hyper-dark conditions may reveal geophysical processes that precede larger seismic events and could reflect the movement of the earth-solar system around the galactic center.
- Published
- 2015
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21. Experimental Photon Doubling as a Possible Local Inference of the Hubble Parameter
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Blake T. Dotta, Michael A. Persinger, and Stanley A. Koren
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Physics ,Classical electron radius ,symbols.namesake ,Photon ,Proton ,Quantum mechanics ,symbols ,Electron ,Remainder ,Space (mathematics) ,Magnetic field ,Computational physics ,Hubble's law - Abstract
Mach's principle of immanence of the universe states that the properties of local matter depend upon the pres- ence of the remainder of the universe. The discrete solution for the intrinsic duration of any space is the product of Hub- ble's expansion parameter and the length of the space divided by �� Gc -3 . For the typical "space" occupied by protons and electrons these values are ~3 ms and ~1 ms, respectively. Recently we demonstrated that the durations of photon emis- sions from chemiluminescent reactions doubled during simultaneous local+nonlocal activations if both loci shared a spe- cific pattern of changing angular velocities of 1 ms point-duration configurations of magnetic fields within circular arrays. In the present experiments we varied the point durations in integers between 1 and 10 ms and found only the predicted 3 ms and 1 ms point durations produced this effect. On the bases of these earth-based measures Hubble's constant would be ~74.8 km·s -1 ·MParsec -1 . The results suggest an easier and more economic inference of this important cosmological pa- rameter and alternative applications to protons and electrons during chemical reactions.
- Published
- 2014
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22. Shifting wavelengths of ultraweak photon emissions from dying melanoma cells: their chemical enhancement and blocking are predicted by Cosic’s theory of resonant recognition model for macromolecules
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Blake T. Dotta, Robert M. Lafrenie, Michael A. Persinger, Lukasz M. Karbowski, and Nirosha J. Murugan
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Photons ,Photon ,Light ,Macromolecular Substances ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Infrared ,Blocking (radio) ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Melanoma, Experimental ,General Medicine ,Models, Theoretical ,medicine.disease_cause ,Molecular physics ,Coupling (electronics) ,Wavelength ,Optics ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,medicine ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ultraviolet ,Macromolecule - Abstract
During the first 24 h after removal from incubation, melanoma cells in culture displayed reliable increases in emissions of photons of specific wavelengths during discrete portions of this interval. Applications of specific filters revealed marked and protracted increases in infrared (950 nm) photons about 7 h after removal followed 3 h later by marked and protracted increases in near ultraviolet (370 nm) photon emissions. Specific wavelengths within the visible (400 to 800 nm) peaked 12 to 24 h later. Specific activators or inhibitors for specific wavelengths based upon Cosic's resonant recognition model elicited either enhancement or diminishment of photons at the specific wavelength as predicted. Inhibitors or activators predicted for other wavelengths, even within 10 nm, were less or not effective. There is now evidence for quantitative coupling between the wavelength of photon emissions and intrinsic cellular chemistry. The results are consistent with initial activation of signaling molecules associated with infrared followed about 3 h later by growth and protein-structural factors associated with ultraviolet. The greater-than-expected photon counts compared with raw measures through the various filters, which also function as reflective material to other photons, suggest that photons of different wavelengths might be self-stimulatory and could play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication.
- Published
- 2014
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23. Photon emission from melanoma cells during brief stimulation by patterned magnetic fields: is the source coupled to rotational diffusion within the membrane?
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Blake T. Dotta, Michael A. Persinger, Robert M. Lafrenie, and Lukasz M. Karbowski
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Time Factors ,Photon ,Photochemistry ,Physiology ,Melanoma, Experimental ,Biophysics ,Electron ,Spectral line ,Bohr magneton ,Magnetics ,Mice ,symbols.namesake ,Principal quantum number ,Animals ,Melanoma ,Photons ,Magnetic moment ,Chemistry ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,General Medicine ,Lipids ,Magnetic field ,Magnetic Fields ,Spectrophotometry ,Rydberg atom ,symbols ,Atomic physics ,Software - Abstract
If parameters for lateral diffusion of lipids within membranes are macroscopic metaphors of the angular magnetic moment of the Bohr magneton then the energy emission should be within the visible wavelength for applied ~1 µT magnetic fields. Single or paired digital photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) were placed near dishes of ~1 million B16 mouse melanoma cells that had been removed from incubation. In very dark conditions (10(-11) W/m(2)) different averaged (RMS) intensities between 5 nT and 3.5 µT were applied randomly in 4 min increments. Numbers of photons were recorded directly over or beside the cell dishes by PMTs placed in pairs within various planes. Spectral analyses were completed for photon power density. The peak photon emissions occurred around 1 µT as predicted by the equation. Spectra analyses showed reliable discrete peaks between 0.9 and 1.8 µT but not for lesser or greater intensities; these peak frequencies corresponded to the energy difference of the orbital-spin magnetic moment of the electron within the applied range of magnetic field intensities and the standard solution for Rydberg atoms. Numbers of photons from cooling cells can be modified by applying specific intensities of temporally patterned magnetic fields. There may be a type of "cellular" magnetic moment that, when stimulated by intensity-tuned magnetic fields, results in photon emissions whose peak frequencies reflect predicted energies for fundamental orbital/spin properties of the electron and atomic aggregates with large principal quantum numbers.
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- 2014
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24. Magnetic Field Configurations Corresponding to Electric Field Patterns That Evoke Long-Term Potentiation Shift Power Spectra of Light Emissions from Microtubules from Non-Neural Cells
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Blake T. Dotta, David A. E. Vares, Robert M. Lafrenie, Michael A. Persinger, and Carly A. Buckner
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Physics ,Amplitude ,Photon ,Optics ,Radiant flux ,business.industry ,Electric field ,Atomic physics ,Electric current ,business ,Spectral line ,Power density ,Magnetic field - Abstract
Photon counts were measured every 15 ms for 75 s from microtubule-enriched preparations (and nuclei) from mouse melanoma cells during baseline and after 2 min exposures to 1 μT magnetic fields. The magnetic fields were generated from a circular array of solenoids and presented with accelerating or decelerating rotation velocities. The range of photon radiant flux density was in the order of 10-12 W·m-2. Microtubules preparations that had been exposed for only 2 min to a magnetic field configuration corresponding to the electric field pattern that induced long-term potentiation in neural tissue when applied as electric current displayed peaks of spectral power densities within 7 - 8 Hz, 9.5 Hz, 14 - 15 Hz, and 22 Hz bands. The major peak (9.4 Hz) bandwidth was approximately 0.1 Hz. While microtubule preparations exposed for 2 min to a 7 Hz sine-wave or in the absence of a field emitted an overall similar level of spectral power density, the peaks in power density were not present. Treatment with the LTP patterned fields, compared to the baseline or sine-wave fields primarily altered the frequency band in which the amplitude of the photon field was expressed. These results suggest that the photon emissions from microtubule preparations have the capacity to respond to specifically-patterned or geometric shapes of magnetic fields by altering spectral configurations rather than the absolute numbers of photons.
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- 2014
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25. Bright light transmits through the brain: Measurement of photon emissions and frequency-dependent modulation of spectral electroencephalographic power
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Michael A. Persinger, Blake T. Dotta, and Kevin S. Saroka
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Physics ,Permittivity ,Photomultiplier ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Photon ,Resting state fMRI ,Modulation ,Frequency band ,Photon energy ,Ion - Abstract
Photons are emitted during brain activity and when applied externally alter its functional connectivity during the resting state. In the present study we applied constant or time varying light (~10,000 lux) stimuli to one side of the skull and measured by photomultiplier tubes the photon density emitted from the opposite side of the skull along its two horizontal planes. Global quantitative electroencephalographic activity (QEEG) was recorded simultaneously. Reliable increases of ~2.5 × 10-11 W· m-2 during either constant or specific flash frequencies between 3 and 7 Hz as well as enhanced QEEG power in the theta and low beta range were measured. According to source localization by Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) the right parahippocampal region was particularly enhanced. Calculations employing known quantitative values for permeability and permittivity of brain tissue were consistent with this frequency band. Estimated concentrations of protons from hydronium ions indicated a Grotthuss chain-like process for moving photon energy through the cerebral medium may have mediated the distance-dependent latency. The results suggest that external light is transmitted through cerebral tissue, can be measured externally, and significantly affects functional connectivity. The findings support the conclusions of Starck et al. (World Journal Neuroscience, 2012).
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- 2013
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26. Case report: A prototypical experience of ‘poltergeist’ activity, conspicuous quantitative electroencephalographic patterns, and sLORETA profiles – suggestions for intervention
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Bryce P. Mulligan, Kevin S. Saroka, Mathew D. Hunter, Mandy A. Scott, Blake T. Dotta, Noa Gang, Linda S. St-Pierre, William G Roll, and Michael A. Persinger
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Hallucinations ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Electroencephalography ,Audiology ,Brain mapping ,Functional Laterality ,Developmental psychology ,Electromagnetic Fields ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Tomography ,media_common ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Poltergeist ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Quantitative electroencephalography ,Temporal Lobe ,Sadness ,Mood ,Brain Injuries ,Parapsychology ,Closed head injury ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology - Abstract
People who report objects moving in their presence, unusual sounds, glows around other people, and multiple sensed presences but do not meet the criteria for psychiatric disorders have been shown to exhibit electrical anomalies over the right temporal lobes. This article reports the striking quantitative electroencephalography, sLORETA results, and experimental elicitation of similar subjective experiences in a middle-aged woman who has been distressed by these classic phenomena that began after a head injury. She exhibited a chronic electrical anomaly over the right temporoinsular region. The rotation of a small pinwheel near her while she 'concentrated' upon it was associated with increased coherence between the left and right temporal lobes and concurrent activation of the left prefrontal region. The occurrence of the unusual phenomena and marked 'sadness' was associated with increased geomagnetic activity; she reported a similar mood when these variations were simulated experimentally. Our quantitative measurements suggest people displaying these experiences and possible anomalous energies can be viewed clinically and potentially treated.
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- 2012
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27. Increased photon emission from the head while imagining light in the dark is correlated with changes in electroencephalographic power: Support for Bókkon's biophoton hypothesis
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Michael A. Persinger, Blake T. Dotta, and Kevin S. Saroka
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Imagination ,Photomultiplier ,Photon ,Light ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biophysics ,Electroencephalography ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,medicine ,Humans ,Total energy ,media_common ,Cerebral Cortex ,Neurons ,Physics ,Photons ,Communication ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Cortical neurons ,Biophoton ,Photon emission ,business - Abstract
Bókkon's hypothesis that photons released from chemical processes within the brain produce biophysical pictures during visual imagery has been supported experimentally. In the present study measurements by a photomultiplier tube also demonstrated significant increases in ultraweak photon emissions (UPEs) or biophotons equivalent to about 5×10(-11)W/m(2) from the right sides of volunteer's heads when they imagined light in a very dark environment compared to when they did not. Simultaneous variations in regional quantitative electroencephalographic spectral power (μV(2)/Hz) and total energy in the range of ∼10(-12)J from concurrent biophoton emissions were strongly correlated (r=0.95). The calculated energy was equivalent to that associated with action potentials from about 10(7) cerebral cortical neurons. We suggest these results support Bókkon's hypothesis that specific visual imagery is strongly correlated with ultraweak photon emission coupled to brain activity.
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- 2012
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28. 'Doubling' of local photon emissions when two simultaneous, spatially-separated, chemiluminescent reactions share the same magnetic field configurations
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Michael A. Persinger and Blake T. Dotta
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Photomultiplier ,Photon ,business.industry ,Phase (waves) ,Quantum entanglement ,Space (mathematics) ,law.invention ,Magnetic field ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Optics ,chemistry ,law ,Atomic physics ,Hydrogen peroxide ,business ,Chemiluminescence - Abstract
The aim of the present experiments was to discern if the “entanglement”-like photon emissions from pairs of cell cultures or human brains separated by significant distances but sharing the same circling magnetic field could be demonstrated with a classic chemiluminescent reaction produced by hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite. Simultaneous injection of the same amount of peroxide into a local dish (above a photomultiplier tube) and a dish 10 m away in a closed chamber produced a “doubling” of the durations of the photon spikes only when the two reactions were placed in the center of separate spaces around each of which magnetic fields were generated as accelerating group velocities containing decreasing phase modulations followed by decelerating group velocities embedded with increasing phase modulations. The duration of this “entanglement” was about 8 min. These results suggest that separate distances behave as if they were “the same space” if they are exposed to the same precise temporal configuration of magnetic fields with specific angular velocities.
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- 2012
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29. Photon emissions from human brain and cell culture exposed to distally rotating magnetic fields shared by separate light-stimulated brains and cells
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Robert M. Lafrenie, Michael A. Persinger, Blake T. Dotta, and Carly A. Buckner
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Adult ,Electromagnetic field ,Photon ,Adolescent ,Light ,Rotation ,Photic Stimulation ,Cell Communication ,Mice ,Young Adult ,Electromagnetic Fields ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Cells, Cultured ,Neurons ,Physics ,Photons ,General Neuroscience ,Brain ,Human brain ,Magnetic field ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Earth's magnetic field ,Photon emission ,Cell culture ,Quantum Theory ,Neurology (clinical) ,Atomic physics ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Light flashes delivered to one aggregate of cells evoked increased photon emission in another aggregate of cells maintained in the dark in another room if both aggregates shared the same temporospatial configuration of changing rate, circular magnetic fields. During the presentation of the same shared circumcerebral magnetic fields increases in photon emission occurred beside the heads of human volunteers if others in another room saw light flashes. Both cellular and human photon emissions during the light flashes did not occur when the shared magnetic fields were not present. The summed energy emissions from the dark location during light stimulation to others was about 10−11 W/m2 and calculated to be in the order of 10− 20 J per cell which is coupled to membrane function. These results support accumulating data that under specific conditions changes in photon emissions may reflect intercellular and interbrain communications with potential quantum-like properties.
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- 2011
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30. Spectral Power Densities and Whole Body Photon Emissions from Human Subjects Sitting in Hyper-darkness
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Kevin S. Saroka, David A. E. Vares, Blake T. Dotta, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Nirosha J. Murugan, and Michael A. Persinger
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0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Physics ,Photomultiplier ,Photon ,business.industry ,Function (mathematics) ,Sitting ,01 natural sciences ,Biophoton ,Power (physics) ,010101 applied mathematics ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Optics ,Sampling (signal processing) ,Darkness ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,0101 mathematics ,business - Abstract
The human body emits a continuous field of photons that may exhibit holographic-like properties. If this concept is applicable then the appropriate technology and quantitative methods would have the capacity to detect anomalous sources anywhere within the volume of the body. To discern the feasibility of this concept we tested the capacity of four photomultiplier units to discriminate the presence or absence of a human being within a hyperdark (10-12 W·m-2) small room specifically constructed for this purpose. Only 100 s of measurements of photon emissions (50 Hz sampling, 20 ms bins) were required to obtain 100% accurate discrimination. Spectral Power Densities (SPD) for the photon counts when human subjects were present or not present were sufficiently complex to allow potential discernment of different health states. Preliminary data have already suggested that this particular method has the potential to function as a sensi
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- 2016
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31. Differentiation of Malignant Compared to Non-Malignant Cells by Their Bio-Photon Emissions May Only Require a Specific Filter around 500 nm
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Blake T. Dotta, Michael A. Persinger, Kevin S. Saroka, Robert M. Lafrenie, Lukasz M. Karbowski, David A. E. Vares, and Nirosha J. Murugan
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0301 basic medicine ,Physics ,Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Photon ,business.industry ,Resonance ,Filter (signal processing) ,Spectral line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Wavelength ,030104 developmental biology ,Optics ,Oncology ,Cancer cell ,medicine ,business ,Power density ,Visible spectrum - Abstract
Emphasis upon early detection of malignant cellular growths rather than imaging could allow earlier intervention. Photon emissions from malignant cells even when they constitute a very small proportion of the normal organ has been shown to require a technical understanding of the spectral power density profiles that can be predicted by Cosic’s Molecular Resonance Recognition equation. Here we demonstrate experimentally a simpler more robust detection method involving specific filters of photon emissions from cells in culture. Photons from human pancreatic malignant cancer cells displayed conspicuously suppressed spikes of photons within a narrow band (500 nm) but not at 370 nm, 420 nm, 620 nm, 790 nm, or 950 nm increments compared to non-malignant human embryonic kidney cells. Given the recent demonstration that malignant cells can “store” photons within a specific wavelength when pulsed at the same pattern as a yoked magnetic field and re-emit the photons in this wavelength tens of minutes later, diminishment of power within specific 10 nm increments of visible wavelength spectra may serve as an early detection of imminent malignancy.
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- 2016
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32. Photon Emissions as Differential Indicators for Different Components of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in Transfected Murine Melanoma Cells
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Robert M. Lafrenie, Blake T. Dotta, Carly A. Buckner, and Michael A. Persinger
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030110 physiology ,0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Melanoma ,Protein subunit ,Mutant ,Transfection ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,medicine.disease ,Bioinformatics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Enzyme ,medicine ,Biophysics ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,Protein kinase A ,Visible spectrum - Abstract
Increased emissions of photons or shifts in spectral power densities of photons have been reliably measured from malignant cells compared to non-malignant cells. Previous experiments have shown that specific wavelengths within the visible spectrum emitted from melanoma cells were associated with the activation or inhibition of specific molecular structures or pathways. To discern if numbers of photons could differentiate the dynamic state of a critical protein (enzyme), Protein Kinase A (PKA), melanoma cells were transfected with either catalytic subunits, regulatory subunits, or a mutant dominant negative PKA. Compared to typical melanoma cells those transfected with the regulatory subunit exhibited a marked (10 to 100) increase in photon emissions for several hours. The small but significant increase in photon emissions from cells transfected with the catalytic subunit was more brief (first 20 min) and less intense. Photon emissions from cells transfected with inhibitory components did not differ from typical melanoma cells. The vectorial characteristics of the photon emissions were sufficient to clearly differentiate activation of various components of PKA domains.
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- 2016
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33. Ultra-weak Photon Emissions Differentiate Malignant Cells from Non- Malignant Cells In Vitro
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Nirosha J. Murugan, Michael A. Persinger, Blake T. Dotta, David A. E. Vares, and Lukasz M. Karbowski
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0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Melanoma ,HEK 293 cells ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Malignancy ,In vitro ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,MCF-7 ,Cell culture ,mental disorders ,Medicine ,Malignant cells ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,business - Abstract
A fast, inexpensive, and accurate method for differentiating normal (non-malignant) cells from malignant cells could facilitate diagnosis and subsequently treatment. Although blood constituents are the current dominant indicators, we have found that Spectral Power Densities (SPD) obtained from only 100 s of measurements of spontaneous ultra-weak photon emissions (UPE) from cell cultures significantly differentiated malignant from non-malignant states. Breast cells were particularly differentiable from nonbreast cells according to their SPD profiles. More critically the combination of only 3 discrete frequency increment changes in SPD profiles accurately classified 85% of malignant breast cells from normal breast cells in culture. These results confirm results from our mouse experiments and preliminary observations from our human measurements that appropriately analyzed and interpreted SPD from very brief samples of UPE may be a viable tool for early detection of malignancy.
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- 2016
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34. Cumulative Residual Photon Power Density of ~10-12 W•m-2 During Mild 'Distress' in the Same Space: Implications for Temporal Entanglement
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Nirosha L. Murugan, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Blake T. Dotta, and Michael A. Persinger
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Physics ,Photon ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Inverse ,Quantum entanglement ,Space (mathematics) ,Thermal diffusivity ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Biophoton ,Magnetic field ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Quantum mechanics ,Atomic physics ,Asymptote - Abstract
The potential for entanglement of photons generated within the space-time continuum to remain as residuals of photon flux density within the same space requires excess correlations between successive temporal increments. Our model predicted that the quantitative relationship with the fundamental quantity of 10 -20 J multiplied by the inverse diffusivity from the wave impedance and magnetic susceptibility of space and the electron orbital frequency would reflect excess correlation. The value would be ~10 -12 W• m -2 . To test this prediction experimentally, different mice were serially exposed within the same container box or each mouse was placed in different container boxes placed in the same space for 3 min per mouse while photons were measured from the dorsal surfaces in hyper-dark settings. Before asymptote was evident around 30 to 35 min of serial exposures the net increase in photon flux densities within that same space was 10 -12 W•m -2 . These results suggest that the same “space” may “store” photon-related information as indicated by previous experiments involving chemiluminescent reactions. We postulate that entanglement between photons emitted from biological systems during distress within the same space and specific concurrent magnetic field patterns may create the conditions for the “retrieval” of these photon patterns at some later date when these fields recur.
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- 2015
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35. Rotational Frequency Matching of the Energy of the Changing Angular Velocity Magnetic Field Intensity and the Proton Magnetic Moment Produces a Ten Fold Increased Excess Correlation in pH Shifts in Spring Water
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Stanley A. Koren, Nirosha J. Murugan, Blake T. Dotta, Lukasz M. Karbowski, and Michael A. Persinger
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Physics ,Proton ,Magnetic energy ,Hydronium ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Proton magnetic moment ,equipment and supplies ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Ion ,Magnetic field ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Developmental Neuroscience ,chemistry ,Hydrogen line ,Energy level ,Atomic physics - Abstract
Changes in pH in spring water placed in the center of specific temporal parameters of rotating magnetic fields with changing angular velocities separated by 10 meters displayed conspicuous evidence of excess correlation. Serial microinjections of a proton donor into one (increased acidity) of the two volumes were associated with small increased shifts in alkalinity in the other volume that received no treatment. The powerful effect occurred when the specific magnetic field intensity multiplied by the proton magnetic moment produced a quantum energy that matched the rotational frequency of the fields. Higher or lower intensities did not produce this effect. The “entanglement” was observed only for 25 cc but not 50 cc paired volumes. The quantity was consistent with the cumulative magnetic energy from the rotating magnetic fields available to the protons of the hydronium ions and was equivalent to the energy from the neutral hydrogen line per molecule. These experiments may be the first to demonstrate the physical bases and a potential method by which to produce excess correlation in simple “acid-base” reactions at the macroscopic level. The 10-fold increase of the excess correlation at the specific intensity when interacting with the proton magnetic moment occurred when the frequency from that quantum energy matched the rotational frequency of the magnetic field. One interpretation is that when the cumulative energy per H+ during the experiment reaches that of the hydrogen line entanglement occurs. However when the cumulative energy approaches the equivalent of ~2.72°K (~10^-23 J per molecule), dissipation into the black body medium that defines the Cosmic Microwave Background prevents the excess correlations from increasing or continuing.
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- 2015
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36. Inverse relationship between photon flux densities and nanotesla magnetic fields over cell aggregates: Quantitative evidence for energetic conservation
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Lukasz M. Karbowski, Blake T. Dotta, Nirosha J. Murugan, and Michael A. Persinger
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Physics ,Photomultiplier ,Photon ,Aqueous solution ,QH301-705.5 ,Magnetometer ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Flux ,equipment and supplies ,Energy conservation ,Molecular physics ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,PMTs, photomultiplier tubes ,Magnetic field ,law.invention ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Earth's magnetic field ,Photon emissions ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,law ,Magnetic fields ,Cell culture ,Biology (General) ,human activities - Abstract
Highlights • Increased magnetic flux density occurs with decreased photon flux over cells. • Quantitative changes in magnetic and photon flux densities suggest energy conservation. • Shifts in magnetic field are consistent with aggregated membrane potentials. • Specific quantifications are predicted from classic equations for volumes measured., The quantitative relationship between local changes in magnetic fields and photon emissions within ∼2 mm of aggregates of 105–106 cells was explored experimentally. The vertical component of the earth’s magnetic field as measured by different magnetometers was ∼15 nT higher when plates of cells removed from incubation were measured compared to plates containing only medium. Additional experiments indicated an inverse relationship over the first ∼45 min between changes in photon counts (∼10−12 W·m−2) following removal from incubation and similar changes in magnetic field intensity. Calculations indicated that the energy within the aqueous volume containing the cells was equivalent for that associated with the flux densities of the magnetic fields and the photon emissions. For every approximately 1 nT increase in magnetic field intensity value there was a decrease of ∼2 photons (equivalent of 10−18 J). These results complement correlation studies and suggest there may be a conservation of energy between expression as magnetic fields that are subtracted or added to the adjacent geomagnetic field and reciprocal changes in photon emissions when aggregates of cells within a specific volume of medium (water) adapt to new environments.
- Published
- 2015
37. Marked Increases in Background Photon Emissions in Sudbury Ontario More than One Week before the Magnitude > 8.0 Earthquakes in Japan and Chile
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Ghislaine F. Lafreniere, Blake T. Dotta, and Michael A. Persinger
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Ground level ,Antecedent (logic) ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,Environmental science ,Physical geography ,Seismology ,Ontario canada - Abstract
Daily, minute-to-minute measurements of ground level photon emissions in Sudbury, Ontario Canada displayed conspicuous increases more than one week before the 2011 M9.0 earthquake in Japan and the 2010 M8.8 earthquake in Chile. Temporal profiles of the antecedent increase and subsequent decline in power densities for the two events were remarkably similar. Antecedent changes for 7.0 8.0) seismic events anywhere on the planet.
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- 2012
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38. A Transient but Protracted Geomagnetic Anomaly in the Sudbury Basin Following Two Near-Contiguous Intense Geomagnetic Storms
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Michael A. Persinger and Blake T. Dotta
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Geomagnetic storm ,Earth's magnetic field ,Anomaly (natural sciences) ,Solar cycle 23 ,Transient (oscillation) ,Structural basin ,Seismology ,Geology ,Intensity (physics) - Abstract
During the maintained quiescence between solar cycle 23 and 24, two unusually intense (K-indices = 7) global geomagnetic disturbances separated by 6 days occurred. They were followed by a protracted increase of between 150 and 200 nT in the vertical component of our local magnetic field (Sudbury, Ontario). The duration of the variation anomaly was unusually long, about 3 weeks, before returning to baseline following a one week period of below average intensity characterized by approximately 50 min periodicities. We suggest this anomaly supports previous research that specific temporal patterns of increased global geomagnetic activity when matched with local impedance/reluctance of ore bodies created the condition for remarkable transient changes in the surface static intensity of magnetic fields.
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- 2011
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39. Electromagnetic Fields as Structure-Function Zeitgebers in Biological Systems: Environmental Orchestrations of Morphogenesis and Consciousness
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Blake T. Dotta and Nicolas Rouleau
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Electromagnetic field ,Consciousness ,Computer science ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Morphogenesis ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Electromagnetic Fields ,environmental influences ,Function (engineering) ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,media_common ,Cell Aggregation ,Structure-function ,Structure function ,Sensory Systems ,Cell aggregation ,Hypothesis and Theory Article ,On cells ,Subatomic particle ,Biological system ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Within a cell system structure dictates function. Any interaction between cells, or a cell and its environment, has the potential to have long term implications on the function of a given cell and emerging cell aggregates. The structure and function of cells are continuously subjected to modification by electrical and chemical stimuli. However biological systems are also subjected to an ever-present influence: the electromagnetic environment. Biological systems have the potential to be influenced by subtle energies which are exchanged at atomic and subatomic scales as electromagnetic phenomena. These energy exchanges have the potential to manifest at higher orders of discourse and affect the output (behaviour) of a biological system. Here we describe theoretical and experimental evidence of electromagnetic influence on cells and the integration of whole systems. Even weak interactions between electromagnetic energies and biological systems display the potential to affect a developing system. We suggest the growing literature of electromagnetic effects on biological systems has significant implications to the cell and its functional aggregates.
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- 2014
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40. Congruence of Coherence Peaks of Daily Geomagnetic Activity and Total Earthquakes with Mintaka's (Orion's Belt) 5.7 Day Periodicity: Potential Implications for Astrobiology
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Blake T. Dotta, Joseph M. Caswell, and Michael A. Persinger
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Photon ,Earth's magnetic field ,Geography ,Radiant flux ,Young stellar object ,Double star ,Astrophysics ,Cartography ,Order of magnitude ,Coherence (physics) ,Gravitational energy - Abstract
A single strong frequency-dependence was revealed by cross-spectral analysis between daily geomagnetic activity and total numbers of daily earthquakes between 2009 through 2013 that exhibited a 5.7 day cycle. We examined the potential for association with Mintaka's double star orbital periodicity of 5.73 days. Calculations of gravitational force and equivalent energies between the earth and Mintaka as well as the variations with orbital periodicity indicated reliable radiant flux densities upon the terrestrial surface in the order of 10 -11 W·m -2 . This is within the same order of magnitude as background photon emissions whose increase occurs conspicuously before major earthquakes and are related to geomagnetic activity. This magnitude of power has recently been measured from preparations of brain tissue and from human cerebrums while subjects sat in hyper-dark settings and engaged in imagination. The power density also matches the gravitational energy within a human brain mass from empirical measurements of the variation in G. The convergence of quantitative solutions suggests that shared periodicities from some very distant stellar objects may affect terrestrial processes assuming the power densities are congruent.
- Published
- 2014
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41. Cerebral Biophoton Emission as a Potential Factor in Non-Local Human-Machine Interaction
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Joey M. Caswell, Blake T. Dotta, and Michael A. Persinger
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Physics ,Wavelength ,Photon ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Radiant flux ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Electron ,Compton wavelength ,Atomic physics ,Random variable ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Quantum tunnelling ,Biophoton - Abstract
Subjects were instructed to employ intention to affect the direction of random number generation from a device located on their right side at 1 m distance. Biophoton emissions from the right hemisphere were recorded simultaneously. Significant increases (~3.5 ∙10 - 12 W ∙m - 2 ) in photon radiant flux density occurred when there were marked deviations from random variations suggesting that the correlative variable for intent was coupled to cerebral photon emission. Cross - spectral analyses indicated a significant coupling betwe en photon density and deviation from random variation within the 6 mHz range. The estimated raw power over the most likely area of influence (10 - 10 m 2 ) over the peak duration would be within the order of 10 - 20 J. This quantum is associated with single acti on potentials and the difference in energy equivalents after Lorentz contraction between the electron’s Compton wavelength and traditional particle width. The resulting ~1.5 µm wavelength for this energy, which matches Bohr’s solution, is also within the w idth of the synapse. The moderately strong correlation between the strength of the coherence between the deviations during intention and the photon emission and the entropy within the temporal distribution of the “random” number variations in the mHz range suggests that a shared source with the earth’s free background oscillations may be involved. Our results strongly indicate that photon - electron interactions between cerebral function and electronic devices that reflect “random” electron tunnelling may be more powerful than accommodated by classical physics and indicate the powerful role of a neuroquantological process.
- Published
- 2013
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42. Incremental Shifts in pH Spring Water Can Be Stored as 'Space-Memory': Encoding and Retrieval Through the Application of the Same Rotating Magnetic Field
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Blake T. Dotta, Lukasz M. Karbowski, Michael A. Persinger, and Nirosha J. Murugan
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Electromagnetic field ,Physics ,Rotating magnetic field ,Photon ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Space time ,Angular velocity ,Molecular physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Magnetic field ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Local space ,Pairing - Abstract
Both four-dimensional (space-time) models and Casimir-like processes predict that the representations of stimulus-response pairing remain in altered or virtual states that can be potentially retrieved. Over a six month period we demonstrated “excess correlations” between mild acidification in quantities (50 ml) of spring water in a local space and the temporally contiguous incremental alkalinisation in nonlocal quantities of water when both loci were exposed to the same experimental paradigm that produced “entanglement” in photon reactions. The procedure required simultaneous exposures of both loci to specific patterns of rotating magnetic fields displaying specific rates of change in angular velocity. If the ~0.1 unit increases in pH within the non-local water samples due to injections of acetic acid in the local samples had been established on one day, comparable shifts occurred in the non-local water samples the following day when there were no injections of acetic acid if the space was exposed to the original magnetic field configurations. These results suggest that, like photon patterns, the “memory” or representation of pH (H+) shifts remain in space long after the stimulus has been removed and can be retrieved within that space if the specific electromagnetic field is repeated. NeuroQuantology | December 2013 | Volume 11 | Issue 4 | Page 511-518
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- 2013
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43. Temporal Patterns of Photon Emissions Can Be Stored and Retrieved Several Days Later From the 'Same Space': Experimental and Quantitative Evidence
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Blake T. Dotta and Michael A. Persinger
- Subjects
Physics ,Photomultiplier ,Photon ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Information storage ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Qualitative evidence ,Atomic physics ,Space (mathematics) ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Magnetic field - Abstract
Photomultiplier tube measurements during simultaneous productions of nonlocal+ local photon emissions showed conspicuous doubling of the durations of the photon spikes from hydrogen peroxide-hypochlorite reactions if both loci were exposed to the same configurations of changing angular velocities of circular magnetic fields. Different experimentally manipulated temporal patterns of the photon emissions were evident as “spontaneous” spikes within 3 to 5 days after the actual injections when the same magnetic field configuration was present but no injections occurred. These results suggest that temporal patterns of entangled photon emissions were “stored” within space-time and could be retrieved long after the events had been generated
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Biophoton emissions from cell cultures: biochemical evidence for the plasma membrane as the primary source
- Author
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Blake T, Dotta, Carly A, Buckner, Dianne, Cameron, Robert F, Lafrenie, and Michael A, Persinger
- Subjects
Photons ,Indoles ,Time Factors ,Epidermal Growth Factor ,Cell Cycle ,Cell Membrane ,Biophysics ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Melanoma, Experimental ,Temperature ,Flow Cytometry ,Maleimides ,Mice ,Cyclosporine ,Animals ,Humans - Abstract
Photon emissions were measured at ambient temperature (21°C) in complete darkness once per min from cultures of 10(6) cells during the 12 h following removal from 37°C. The energy of emission was about 10(-20) J/s/cell. Of 8 different cell lines, B16-BL6 (mouse melanoma cells) demonstrated the most conspicuous emission profile. Acridine orange and ethidium bromide indicated the membranes were intact with no indication of (trypan blue) cell necrosis. Treatments with EGF and ionomycin produced rapid early (first 3 h) increases in energy emission while glutamine-free, sodium azide and wortmanin-treated cells showed a general diminishment 3 to 9 h later. The results suggested the most probable origin of the photon emission was the plasma cell membrane. Measures from cells synchronized at the M- and S-phase supported this inference.
- Published
- 2011
45. Evidence of Macroscopic Quantum Entanglement During Double Quantitative Electroencephalographic Measurements of Friends vs Strangers
- Author
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Blake T. Dotta, Bryce P. Mulligan, Mathew D. Hunter, and Michael A. Persinger
- Subjects
Physics ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Quantum mechanics ,Parity (physics) ,Quantum entanglement ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Social affiliation - Abstract
One indication of entanglement between two particles is a change in parity or spin in one when the other is changed in order to maintain constancy of the system. Our experiment was designed to discern if this phenomenon occurred at the macroscopic level between the electroencephalographic activities of brains of pairs of people, separated by about 75 m, with various degrees of “entanglement”. About 50% of the variance of the "simultaneous" electroencephalographic power was shared between pairs of brains. Pairs of strangers were positively correlated within alpha and gamma bands within the temporal and frontal lobes. However the power levels within the alpha and theta bands were negatively correlated for pairs of people who had a protracted history of interaction. The latter result might be considered support for the hypothesis of macroscopic entanglement.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Cosic's Resonant Recognition Model for Macromolecules can be used to Predict and Modify the Fluctuating Wavelengths of Ultraweak Photon Emissions from Stressed Cancer Cells
- Author
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Blake T. Dotta
- Subjects
Wavelength ,Photon ,Infrared ,Chemistry ,Cancer cell ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Biophysics ,medicine ,Analytical chemistry ,medicine.disease_cause ,Ultraviolet ,Macromolecule ,Visible spectrum - Abstract
During the first 24 hours after removal from incubation cultured B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells displayed reliable increases in ultraweak photon emission (UPE) of specific wavelengths during discrete time portions of this 24 hour interval. The application of specific filters demonstrated reliable and clear increases in UPE dependent upon the wavelength being measured. Infrared (IR: 950 nm) and ultraviolet (UV: 370 nm) filters produced similar and protracted elevations in UPE that were offset by ∼3.5 hours (r=0.85). The IR wavelength produced UPE elevations 7 hours after removal from the incubator while the UV wavelength produced comparable increases 3.5 hours after the initial increase in IR. Wavelengths in the visible spectrum demonstrated increases in UPE roughly 20+ hours into testing. Precise activators and inhibitors for exact wavelengths were calculated based upon Cosic's Resonant Recognition Model (RRM) and produced either enhancement or diminishment of UPE only at the exact wavelength as predicted by the RRM. Other biochemical treatments predicted for other wavelengths, even those separated by 10 nm, were less or not effective. This 3.5 hour discrepancy between IR and UV emissions is consistent with the time frame between signaling molecules to growth and protein structural factors. This is of interest as signaling molecules are associated with IR while growth and structural proteins are associated with UV. This data lends support for a quantitative coupling between the wavelength of UPE and intrinsic cellular chemistry.Keywords: Ultraweak photon emissions (UPE) · Cosic Resonant Recognition Model · melanoma cells · near infrared · near ultraviolet.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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