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3. Emotional exhaustion and feeling fed up as the driving forces of parental burnout and its consequences on children: insights from a network approach

Author

Kalkan, Rana Begum, Blanchard, M. Annelise, Mikolajczak, Moïra, Roskam, Isabelle, and Heeren, Alexandre

Subjects
Parents -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects, Mental fatigue -- Complications and side effects, Parent and child -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects, Burn out (Psychology) -- Risk factors, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Parental burnout results from chronic stress in parenting, and it can be accompanied by harmful behaviors such as parental neglect and violence (Mikolajczak & Roskam, 2018). Network analysis examines psychological phenomena within a system of its constituents, and thus it is promising for understanding the distinct features of parental burnout and behaviors related to it. Recently, Blanchard et al. (2021) conducted the first network analysis of parental burnout and related harmful behaviors in the family context, but did so using an outdated measure and conceptualization of parental burnout. In the present study, in a sample of French-speaking parents (N = 3144, from five different previous studies), we aimed to investigate how each of the four features in the new conceptualization of parental burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, feeling fed up, emotional distance, and contrast with the previous parental self) interact with one another and with parental neglect and violence in a network system. In this preregistered reanalysis, we generated two network models commonly used with cross-sectional data: a Graphical Gaussian Model and a Directed Acyclic Graph. Our results point to emotional exhaustion and feeling fed up as key driving forces of the network structure, while emotional distance appears as a critical feature tying parental burnout with parental neglect and violence., Author(s): Rana Begum Kalkan [sup.1] [sup.2] , M. Annelise Blanchard [sup.2] [sup.3] , Moïra Mikolajczak [sup.2] , Isabelle Roskam [sup.2] , Alexandre Heeren [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.5596.f, [...]

Published
2023
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7. Why We Should Move from Reductionism and Embrace a Network Approach to Parental Burnout

Author

Blanchard, M. Annelise and Heeren, Alexandre

Abstract

Network science has allowed varied scientific fields to investigate and visualize complex relations between many variables, and psychology research has begun to adopt a network perspective. In this paper, we consider how leaving behind reductionist approaches and instead embracing a network perspective can advance the field of parental burnout. Although research into parental burnout is in its early stages, we argue that a network approach to parental burnout could set the scene for radically new vistas in parental burnout research. We claim that such an approach can allow simultaneous investigations (and clear visualizations) of many variables related to parental burnout and their interactions, integrates smoothly with prior family systems theories, and prioritizes dynamic research questions. We likewise discuss potential future clinical applications, such as interventions targeting central nodes and treatment personalized to a specific family's network system. We also review practical considerations, limitations, and future directions for researchers interested in applying a network approach to parental burnout research.

Published
2020
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17. Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries

Author

UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Lin, Gao-Xian, Mikolajczak, Moïra, Keller, Heidi, Akgun, Ege, Arikan, Gizem, Aunola, Kaisa, Barham, Elizabeth, Besson, Eliane, Blanchard, M. Annelise, Boujut, Emilie, Brianda, Maria Elena, Brytek-Matera, Anna, César, Filipa, Chen, Bin-Bin, Dorard, Géraldine, dos Santos Elias, Luciana Carla, Dunsmuir, Sandra, Egorova, Natalia, Escobar, Maria Josefina, Favez, Nicolas, Fontaine, Anne Marie, Foran, Heather, Furutani, Kaichiro, Gannagé, Myrna, Gaspar, Maria, Godbout, Lucie, Goldenberg, Amit, Gross, James J., Gurza, Maria Ancuta, Hatta, Ogma, Heeren, Alexandre, Helmy, Mai, Huynh, Mai-Trang, Kaneza, Emérence, Kawamoto, Taishi, Kellou, Nassima, Kpassagou, Bassantéa Lodegaèna, Lazarevic, Ljiljana, Le Vigouroux, Sarah, Lebert-Charron, Astrid, Leme, Vanessa, MacCann, Carolyn, Manrique-Millones, Denisse, Medjahdi, Oussama, Millones Rivalles, Rosa Bertha, Miranda Orrego, María Isabel, Miscioscia, Marina, Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh, Moutassem-Mimouni, Badra, Murphy, Hugh, Ndayizigiye, Alexis, Ngnombouowo, Tenkue Josué, Olderbak, Sally, Ornawka, Sophie, Cádiz, Daniela Oyarce, Pérez-Díaz, Pablo A., Petrides, Konstantinos, Prikhidko, Alena, Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando, Santelices, Maria-Pia, Schrooyen, Charlotte, Silva, Paola, Simonelli, Alessandra, Sorkkila, Matilda, Stănculescu, Elena, Starchenkova, Elena, Szczygieł, Dorota, Tapia, Javier, Tremblay, Melissa, Tri, Thi Minh Thuy, Üstündağ-Budak, A. Meltem, Valdés Pacheco, Maday, van Bakel, Hedwig, Verhofstadt, Lesley, Wendland, Jaqueline, Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean, Roskam, Isabelle, UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Lin, Gao-Xian, Mikolajczak, Moïra, Keller, Heidi, Akgun, Ege, Arikan, Gizem, Aunola, Kaisa, Barham, Elizabeth, Besson, Eliane, Blanchard, M. Annelise, Boujut, Emilie, Brianda, Maria Elena, Brytek-Matera, Anna, César, Filipa, Chen, Bin-Bin, Dorard, Géraldine, dos Santos Elias, Luciana Carla, Dunsmuir, Sandra, Egorova, Natalia, Escobar, Maria Josefina, Favez, Nicolas, Fontaine, Anne Marie, Foran, Heather, Furutani, Kaichiro, Gannagé, Myrna, Gaspar, Maria, Godbout, Lucie, Goldenberg, Amit, Gross, James J., Gurza, Maria Ancuta, Hatta, Ogma, Heeren, Alexandre, Helmy, Mai, Huynh, Mai-Trang, Kaneza, Emérence, Kawamoto, Taishi, Kellou, Nassima, Kpassagou, Bassantéa Lodegaèna, Lazarevic, Ljiljana, Le Vigouroux, Sarah, Lebert-Charron, Astrid, Leme, Vanessa, MacCann, Carolyn, Manrique-Millones, Denisse, Medjahdi, Oussama, Millones Rivalles, Rosa Bertha, Miranda Orrego, María Isabel, Miscioscia, Marina, Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh, Moutassem-Mimouni, Badra, Murphy, Hugh, Ndayizigiye, Alexis, Ngnombouowo, Tenkue Josué, Olderbak, Sally, Ornawka, Sophie, Cádiz, Daniela Oyarce, Pérez-Díaz, Pablo A., Petrides, Konstantinos, Prikhidko, Alena, Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando, Santelices, Maria-Pia, Schrooyen, Charlotte, Silva, Paola, Simonelli, Alessandra, Sorkkila, Matilda, Stănculescu, Elena, Starchenkova, Elena, Szczygieł, Dorota, Tapia, Javier, Tremblay, Melissa, Tri, Thi Minh Thuy, Üstündağ-Budak, A. Meltem, Valdés Pacheco, Maday, van Bakel, Hedwig, Verhofstadt, Lesley, Wendland, Jaqueline, Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean, and Roskam, Isabelle

Abstract

What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized “being caring,” while French-speaking parents valued “listening” or being “present.” Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures.

Published
2023

18. Parenting culture(s): Ideal-parent beliefs across 37 countries

Author

Lin, Gao-xian, Mikolajczak, Moïra, Keller, Heidi, Akgun, Ege, Arikan, Gizem, Aunola, Kaisa, Barham, Elizabeth, Besson, Eliane, Blanchard, M. Annelise, Boujut, Emilie, Brianda, Maria Elena, Brytek-matera, Anna, César, Filipa, Chen, Bin-bin, Dorard, Géraldine, Dos Santos Elias, Luciana Carla, Dunsmuir, Sandra, Egorova, Natalia, Escobar, Maria Josefina, Favez, Nicolas, Fontaine, Anne Marie, Foran, Heather, Furutani, Kaichiro, Gannagé, Myrna, Gaspar, Maria, Godbout, Lucie, Goldenberg, Amit, Gross, James J., Gurza, Maria Ancuta, Hatta, Ogma, Heeren, Alexandre, Helmy, Mai, Huynh, Mai-trang, Kaneza, Emérence, Kawamoto, Taishi, Kellou, Nassima, Kpassagou, Bassantéa Lodegaèna, Lazarevic, Ljiljana, Le Vigouroux, Sarah, Lebert-charron, Astrid, Leme, Vanessa, Maccann, Carolyn, Manrique-millones, Denisse, Medjahdi, Oussama, Millones Rivalles, Rosa Bertha, Miranda Orrego, María Isabel, Miscioscia, Marina, Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh, Moutassem-mimouni, Badra, Murphy, Hugh, Ndayizigiye, Alexis, Ngnombouowo, Tenkue Josué, Olderbak, Sally, Ornawka, Sophie, Cádiz, Daniela Oyarce, Pérez-díaz, Pablo A., Petrides, Konstantinos, Prikhidko, Alena, Salinas-quiroz, Fernando, Santelices, Maria-pia, Schrooyen, Charlotte, Silva, Paola, Simonelli, Alessandra, Sorkkila, Matilda, Stănculescu, Elena, Starchenkova, Elena, Szczygieł, Dorota, Tapia, Javier, Tremblay, Melissa, Tri, Thi Minh Thuy, Üstündağ-budak, A. Meltem, Valdés Pacheco, Maday, Van Bakel, Hedwig, Verhofstadt, Lesley, Wendland, Jaqueline, Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean, Roskam, Isabelle, Lin, Gao-xian, Mikolajczak, Moïra, Keller, Heidi, Akgun, Ege, Arikan, Gizem, Aunola, Kaisa, Barham, Elizabeth, Besson, Eliane, Blanchard, M. Annelise, Boujut, Emilie, Brianda, Maria Elena, Brytek-matera, Anna, César, Filipa, Chen, Bin-bin, Dorard, Géraldine, Dos Santos Elias, Luciana Carla, Dunsmuir, Sandra, Egorova, Natalia, Escobar, Maria Josefina, Favez, Nicolas, Fontaine, Anne Marie, Foran, Heather, Furutani, Kaichiro, Gannagé, Myrna, Gaspar, Maria, Godbout, Lucie, Goldenberg, Amit, Gross, James J., Gurza, Maria Ancuta, Hatta, Ogma, Heeren, Alexandre, Helmy, Mai, Huynh, Mai-trang, Kaneza, Emérence, Kawamoto, Taishi, Kellou, Nassima, Kpassagou, Bassantéa Lodegaèna, Lazarevic, Ljiljana, Le Vigouroux, Sarah, Lebert-charron, Astrid, Leme, Vanessa, Maccann, Carolyn, Manrique-millones, Denisse, Medjahdi, Oussama, Millones Rivalles, Rosa Bertha, Miranda Orrego, María Isabel, Miscioscia, Marina, Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh, Moutassem-mimouni, Badra, Murphy, Hugh, Ndayizigiye, Alexis, Ngnombouowo, Tenkue Josué, Olderbak, Sally, Ornawka, Sophie, Cádiz, Daniela Oyarce, Pérez-díaz, Pablo A., Petrides, Konstantinos, Prikhidko, Alena, Salinas-quiroz, Fernando, Santelices, Maria-pia, Schrooyen, Charlotte, Silva, Paola, Simonelli, Alessandra, Sorkkila, Matilda, Stănculescu, Elena, Starchenkova, Elena, Szczygieł, Dorota, Tapia, Javier, Tremblay, Melissa, Tri, Thi Minh Thuy, Üstündağ-budak, A. Meltem, Valdés Pacheco, Maday, Van Bakel, Hedwig, Verhofstadt, Lesley, Wendland, Jaqueline, Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean, and Roskam, Isabelle

Abstract

What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized “being caring,” while French-speaking parents valued “listening” or being “present.” Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures.

Published
2023

24. Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries

Author

Lin, Gao-Xian, primary, Mikolajczak, Moïra, additional, Keller, Heidi, additional, Akgun, Ege, additional, Arikan, Gizem, additional, Aunola, Kaisa, additional, Barham, Elizabeth, additional, Besson, Eliane, additional, Blanchard, M. Annelise, additional, Boujut, Emilie, additional, Brianda, Maria Elena, additional, Brytek-Matera, Anna, additional, César, Filipa, additional, Chen, Bin-Bin, additional, Dorard, Géraldine, additional, dos Santos Elias, Luciana Carla, additional, Dunsmuir, Sandra, additional, Egorova, Natalia, additional, Escobar, Maria Josefina, additional, Favez, Nicolas, additional, Fontaine, Anne Marie, additional, Foran, Heather, additional, Furutani, Kaichiro, additional, Gannagé, Myrna, additional, Gaspar, Maria, additional, Godbout, Lucie, additional, Goldenberg, Amit, additional, Gross, James J., additional, Gurza, Maria Ancuta, additional, Hatta, Ogma, additional, Heeren, Alexandre, additional, Helmy, Mai, additional, Huynh, Mai-Trang, additional, Kaneza, Emérence, additional, Kawamoto, Taishi, additional, Kellou, Nassima, additional, Kpassagou, Bassantéa Lodegaèna, additional, Lazarevic, Ljiljana, additional, Le Vigouroux, Sarah, additional, Lebert-Charron, Astrid, additional, Leme, Vanessa, additional, MacCann, Carolyn, additional, Manrique-Millones, Denisse, additional, Medjahdi, Oussama, additional, Millones Rivalles, Rosa Bertha, additional, Miranda Orrego, María Isabel, additional, Miscioscia, Marina, additional, Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh, additional, Moutassem-Mimouni, Badra, additional, Murphy, Hugh, additional, Ndayizigiye, Alexis, additional, Ngnombouowo, Tenkue Josué, additional, Olderbak, Sally, additional, Ornawka, Sophie, additional, Cádiz, Daniela Oyarce, additional, Pérez-Díaz, Pablo A., additional, Petrides, Konstantinos, additional, Prikhidko, Alena, additional, Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando, additional, Santelices, Maria-Pia, additional, Schrooyen, Charlotte, additional, Silva, Paola, additional, Simonelli, Alessandra, additional, Sorkkila, Matilda, additional, Stănculescu, Elena, additional, Starchenkova, Elena, additional, Szczygieł, Dorota, additional, Tapia, Javier, additional, Tremblay, Melissa, additional, Tri, Thi Minh Thuy, additional, Üstündağ-Budak, A. Meltem, additional, Valdés Pacheco, Maday, additional, van Bakel, Hedwig, additional, Verhofstadt, Lesley, additional, Wendland, Jaqueline, additional, Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean, additional, and Roskam, Isabelle, additional

Published
2022
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30. IS THERE AN ALL-EMBRACING "INTOLERANCE TO UNCERTAINTY" CONSTRUCT? FRENCH ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE INTOLERANCE TO UNCERTAINTY SCALE-REVISED.

Author

Daouda, Camille Mouguiama, Blanchard, M. Annelise, and Heeren, Alexandre

Subjects
*CONFIRMATORY factor analysis, *WORRY
Abstract

Objective: Intolerance to uncertainty is a trait-like disposition largely studied in psychopathology and known to be involved in many psychological disorders. Yet, the very operationalization of this construct has prompted debate in the literature. Three different models have regularly been discussed: a correlated two-factor solution, a bifactorial solution, and a single-factor structure. A growing body of evidence suggests that the bifactorial model represents the adequate factorial solution; however, its validity has never been tested in a large French-speaking sample. Moreover, uncertainty remains regarding the associations between IUS-R and other psychological constructs, especially stress and depression. This project was designed to overcome these limitations. Method: To do so, we translated the scale into French and tested (n = 728) via confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) whether the French version would better fit with a bifactorial-, correlated, or single-factor structure, as implied by previous works. We also examined the internal reliability of the IUS-R, as well as its associations with concurrent measures of stress, depression, anxiety, and worry. Results: The results pointed to a bifactorial structure as the best-fitting model and provided evidence for a strong general intolerance of uncertainty factor that was more reliable and accounted for significantly more common variance than each subscale factor individually. Conclusions: We discuss how this bifactorial structure impacts the conceptualization of IU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. AN EXPERIENCE SAMPLING MEASURE OF THE KEY FEATURES OF RUMINATION.

Author

Hoebeke, Yorgo, Blanchard, M. Annelise, Contreras, Alba, and Heeren, Alexandre

Subjects
*RUMINATION (Cognition), *VARIABILITY (Psychometrics), *PSYCHOMETRICS, *TEST validity, *COMMUNITIES, *LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

Objective: Research indicates that rumination can be viewed as a dynamic process that fluctuates over time, within hours and days. An increasing number of intensive longitudinal studies on rumination are accordingly being conducted and published using experiencing sampling methodology (ESM), a technique with measurements in everyday life. Yet, this literature suffers from a profound caveat: rumination has so far been conceptualized and measured as a unitary construct in these ESM studies. This is unfortunate, since such a unitary view contrasts with prominent contemporary models that regard rumination as a multifaceted construct, wherein the key features are not interchangeable and should therefore be measured separately. Moreover, no validated ESM measure of the key features of rumination has yet been developed. Therefore, we developed and validated an ESM protocol and the first ESM questionnaire to assess rumination as a multifaceted construct, measuring five features of rumination. Method: We conducted an ESM study in a community sample of 40 Frenchspeaking participants. They answered the five rumination ESM items in French four times a day for fourteen days. At the end of the ESM assessment period, participants completed trait-like questionnaires of rumination, depression, and general anxiety. Results: The ESM rumination items exhibited good psychometric properties, including excellent within-person variability and convergent validity with corresponding trait-like constructs. Conclusions: Although further validation is warranted, this novel ESM assessment protocol of rumination as a multifaceted construct (validated in French and translated into English) will allow future researchers to study how rumination's features fluctuate and interact with other constructs over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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