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En Argentina durante la década del ‘70, existía un serio problema de déficit habitacional. Los proyectos de grandes Conjuntos Habitacionales fueron la respuesta urgente a esta problemática. Hoy en día, años después de su construcción, nos encontramos con las consecuencias de aquellas pujantes políticas de vivienda. En todo el mundo se están dando importantes cambios sociales y culturales en el habitar que exigirán que el tema de la vivienda social sea abordado de diferentes maneras. Para abordar estos cambios, el debate arquitectónico tendrá que revisar la historia de la vivienda masiva y entenderla mejor que como se hizo en su día en Argentina. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es comprender las decisiones arquitectónicas y demás motivos que llevaron al fracaso de los Conjuntos Habitacionales de gran densidad construidos en Argentina. In Argentina during the 70’s, there was a serious housing deficit problem. The large Housing Complexes were the urgent response to this problem. Today, years after their construction, we find ourselves with the consequences of those thriving housing policies. All over the world, important social and cultural changes are taking place that will require that the issue of social housing be approached in different ways. To address such programs, the architectural debate will have to revise the history of mass housing and understand it better than it did in Argentina. The main purpose of this paper is to understand the architectural decisions an other reasons that led to the failure of the high-density Housing Complexes built in Argentina.

Objective To evaluate the effects of therapeutic heparin compared with prophylactic heparin among moderately ill patients with covid-19 admitted to hospital wards. Design Randomised controlled, adaptive, open label clinical trial. Setting 28 hospitals in Brazil, Canada, Ireland, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and US. Participants 465 adults admitted to hospital wards with covid-19 and increased D-dimer levels were recruited between 29 May 2020 and 12 April 2021 and were randomly assigned to therapeutic dose heparin (n=228) or prophylactic dose heparin (n=237). Interventions Therapeutic dose or prophylactic dose heparin (low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin), to be continued until hospital discharge, day 28, or death. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was a composite of death, invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, or admission to an intensive care unit, assessed up to 28 days. The secondary outcomes included all cause death, the composite of all cause death or any mechanical ventilation, and venous thromboembolism. Safety outcomes included major bleeding. Outcomes were blindly adjudicated. Results The mean age of participants was 60 years; 264 (56.8%) were men and the mean body mass index was 30.3 kg/m 2 . At 28 days, the primary composite outcome had occurred in 37/228 patients (16.2%) assigned to therapeutic heparin and 52/237 (21.9%) assigned to prophylactic heparin (odds ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 1.10; P=0.12). Deaths occurred in four patients (1.8%) assigned to therapeutic heparin and 18 patients (7.6%) assigned to prophylactic heparin (0.22, 0.07 to 0.65; P=0.006). The composite of all cause death or any mechanical ventilation occurred in 23 patients (10.1%) assigned to therapeutic heparin and 38 (16.0%) assigned to prophylactic heparin (0.59, 0.34 to 1.02; P=0.06). Venous thromboembolism occurred in two patients (0.9%) assigned to therapeutic heparin and six (2.5%) assigned to prophylactic heparin (0.34, 0.07 to 1.71; P=0.19). Major bleeding occurred in two patients (0.9%) assigned to therapeutic heparin and four (1.7%) assigned to prophylactic heparin (0.52, 0.09 to 2.85; P=0.69). Conclusions In moderately ill patients with covid-19 and increased D-dimer levels admitted to hospital wards, therapeutic heparin was not significantly associated with a reduction in the primary outcome but the odds of death at 28 days was decreased. The risk of major bleeding appeared low in this trial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04362085 .

El presente trabajo versa sobre una paciente de 12 años diagnosticada de trastorno por déficit de atención con/sin hiperactividad de tipo inatento, con importantes dificultades atencionales que afecta a su rendimiento cognitivo y a su vida diaria. El TDAH es un trastorno neurobiológico que afecta a un 5% de la población general, y que se manifiesta a través de un patrón de inatención y/o hiperactividad-impulsividad presente en todos los ámbitos de la vida del paciente. Es común encontrarnos un cuadro de disfunción ejecutiva que se caracteriza por alteraciones en memoria de trabajo, planificación, flexibilidad cognitiva y regulación emocional. La evaluación neuropsicológica realizada a la paciente muestra una discapacidad intelectual ligera, junto con importantes alteraciones en atención, memoria de trabajo, habilidades visoespaciales, razonamiento, lenguaje y funciones ejecutivas (planificación, flexibilidad cognitiva y regulación emocional). Se destaca la escasa conciencia de sus propias dificultades. La intervención neuropsicológica propuesta tiene como objetivo principal lograr una mayor autonomía en actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria, estimulando las funciones más afectadas y trabajando la conciencia de los estados de fatiga. Se propone una intervención consistente en 2 sesiones semanales de 45 minutos durante 6 meses. Se trabaja mediante actividades lúdicas, juegos de mesa y uso de nuevas tecnologías para fomentar su motivación. La intervención se centra en estimular los constructos cognitivos más deteriorados y psicoeducación emocional. Tras la intervención se espera una limitada mejoría en el rendimiento cognitivo por la patología que presenta, no obstante, se prevé una necesidad continua de intervención a largo plazo. This paper is about a 12-year-old patient diagnosed with attention deficit disorder with / without inattentive hyperactivity, with significant attention difficulties affecting her cognitive performance and daily life. ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that affects 5% of the population, and manifests itself through a pattern of inattention and / or hyperactivity-impulsivity present in all areas of the patient's life. It is common to find a clinical picture of executive dysfunction characterized by alterations in working memory, planning, cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation. The neuropsychological evaluation performed on the patient shows a slight intellectual disability along with significant changes (alteration, disturbance) in attention, working memory, visuospatial skills, reasoning, language and executive functions (planning, cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation). The low awareness of her own difficulties stands out. The proposed neuropsychological intervention has as main objective to achieve greater autonomy in daily life instrumental activities, stimulating the most affected functions and working on the awareness of fatigue states. An intervention consisting of 2 weekly sessions of 45 minutes for 6 months is proposed. The tasks are carried out through recreational activities, board games and use of new technologies to boost her motivation. The intervention focuses on stimulating the most deteriorated cognitive constructs and emotional psychoeducation. After the intervention, a limited improvement in cognitive performance is expected due to her pathology, however, a continuous need for long-term intervention is anticipated. El present treball versa sobre una pacient de 12 anys diagnosticada de trastorn per dèficit d'atenció amb / sense hiperactivitat de tipus inatent, amb importants dificultats atencionals que afecta el seu rendiment cognitiu i a la seva vida diària. El TDAH és un trastorn neurobiològic que afecta a un 5% de la població general, i que es manifesta a través d'un patró d'inatenció i / o hiperactivitat-impulsivitat present en tots els àmbits de la vida d'el pacient. És comú trobar-nos un quadre de disfunció executiva que es caracteritza per alteracions en memòria de treball, planificació, flexibilitat cognitiva i regulació emocional. L'avaluació neuropsicològica realitzada a la pacient mostra una discapacitat intel·lectual lleugera, juntament amb importants alteracions en atenció, memòria de treball, habilitats visuoespacials, raonament, llenguatge i funcions executives (planificació, flexibilitat cognitiva i regulació emocional). Es destaca l'escassa consciència de les seves pròpies dificultats. La intervenció neuropsicològica proposta té com a objectiu principal aconseguir una major autonomia en activitats instrumentals de la vida diària, estimulant les funcions més afectades i treballant la consciència dels estats de fatiga. Es proposa una intervenció consistent en 2 sessions setmanals de 45 minuts durant 6 mesos. Es treballa mitjançant activitats lúdiques, jocs de taula i ús de noves tecnologies per fomentar la seva motivació. La intervenció se centra a estimular els constructes cognitius més deteriorats i psicoeducació emocional. Després de la intervenció s'espera una limitada millora en el rendiment cognitiu per la patologia que presenta, però, es preveu una necessitat contínua d'intervenció a llarg termini.

Objetivo: Avaliar a autopercepção da saúde bucal, associando-a a variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas e comportamentais. Material e Métodos: Este estudo de natureza transversal avaliou uma amostra de 425 idosos de 60 anos, de Teresina-PI. O exame intrabucal foi realizado pelo índice de ataque de cárie (CPO-D), índice periodontal e uso e necessidade de prótese. O índice de saúde bucal geriátrica (GOHAI) foi avaliado por meio de entrevista, cujos dados referentes foram apresentados de forma descritiva e posteriormente dicotomizados em baixa percepção (somatório dos escores < 32) e alta percepção (somatório dos escores ≥ 32). Foram feitas análises univariadas por meio do teste de qui-quadrado para se avaliar a associação entre o perfil do idoso, CPO-D, índice periodontal e uso e necessidade de prótese (variáveis de exposição) e o índice GOHAI (variável de desfecho). As variáveis que apresentaram nível de significância menor que 0,2 foram estudadas na análise de regressão logística múltipla com procedimento stepwise, a fim de identificar os fatores associados à baixa percepção. Resultados: O CPO-D foi de 29,3 ± 4,4 (média / ± dp). Em relação à doença periodontal, 14,2% dos dentes eram hígidos, 23,5% com sangramento e 7,0% com bolsa periodontal. Quanto ao uso de prótese, 73,4% e 47,5% dos idosos pesquisados usam-na na região superior e inferior, respectivamente; e 25,0% e 51,0% necessitam de prótese na região superior e inferior, respectivamente. Os idosos com renda menor ou igual a um salário mínimo apresentaram 2,19 (IC: 1,30-3,69) vezes mais chance de apresentar baixa percepção de saúde bucal. Aqueles que ingerem diariamente medicamentos têm 1,90 (IC: 1,10-2,87) vezes mais chance de apresentar baixa percepção de saúde bucal e os que não necessitam de próteses dentárias inferiores têm 1,88 (IC: 0,35-1,09) vezes mais chance de apresentar baixa percepção de saúde bucal que os idosos que necessitam de próteses totais. Conclusão: A autopercepção da saúde bucal pelos idosos de Teresina-PI, participantes deste estudo, foi positiva. No entanto, possuir renda mensal menor que um salário mínimo, ingerir diariamente medicamentos e necessitar de próteses totais inferiores são fatores associados a uma baixa percepção desses sujeitos em relação à sua saúde bucal.Descritores: Autoimagem. Saúde bucal. Idoso.

Summary The viability of 1-year-old holm oak (Quercus ilex) seedlings in a soil naturally infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi was studied during 2 consecutive years in a plot located in south-western Spain. In both years, total mortality during autumn and winter was not noticeable (

Summary The emergence and survival of pregerminated holm oak (Quercus ilex) and cork oak (Quercus suber) acorns from two ecologically different dehesas (Mediterranean open woodlands) were studied in two soils from these stands naturally infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi, and in the same soils previously sterilized in the autoclave. Phytophthora cinnamomi was consistently isolated from the radicles of all unemerged and all emerged but dead seedlings from the unsterilized substrates. Seedlings of holm oak were more susceptible to P. cinnamomi than those of cork oak. Mortality of holm oak seedlings was significantly different depending only on soil treatment (sterilized or unsterilized), and it was 100% in unsterilized soils, independent of acorn provenance and soil origin. Mortality of cork oak seedlings was significantly different depending on the acorn origin and soil treatment, and on the interactions acorn origin × soil origin and soil origin × soil treatment. The demonstrated high susceptibility of holm and cork oak young seedlings to P. cinnamomi could be a limiting factor in Mediterranean open woodlands (dehesas) not only in natural regeneration processes but also when reforestation by direct sowing is implemented. Resume L’emergence et la survie de glands pre-germes de chene vert (Quercus ilex) et de chene liege (Q. suber) provenant de deux dehesas (forets mediterraneennes ouvertes) ecologiquement differents, ont eteetudiees dans deux sols provenant de ces peuplements naturellement infectes par Phytophthora cinnamomi, ou sterilises a l'autoclave. P. cinnamomi a toujours ete isole des radicules des semis, emerges ou non dans les, substrats non sterilises mais pas des semis morts dans les substrats sterilises. Les semis de chene vert etaient plus sensibles aP. cinnamomi que ceux du chene liege. Chez les semis de chene vert la mortalite n’etait significativement differente qu'en fonction du traitement du sol (sterilise ou non sterilise); elle etait de 100% dans les sols non sterilises, independamment de l'origine des glands et l'origine du sol. La mortalite chez les semis de chene liege etaient significativement differente en fonction de l’ origine des glands × origine du sol, et origine du sol × traitement du sol. La grande sensibiliteaP. cinammomi des jeunes semis de chene vert et de chene liege peut etre un facteur limitant dans les forets mediterraneennes ouvertes (dehesas) non seulement dans le processus de regeneration naturelle mais aussi lors de la regeneration par semis direct. Zusammenfassung Der Austrieb und die Uberlebensrate von vorgekeimten Eicheln von Quercus ilex und Quercus suber von zwei standortlich verschiedenen Waldern (dehesas, offene mediterrane Walder) wurde in zwei Boden von diesen Standortn untersucht, die naturlich mit Phytophthora cinnamomi infiziert waren. Autoklavierte Bodenproben dienten zum Vergleich. Auf dem nicht sterilisierten Substrat wurde aus den Keimwurzeln von allen abgestorbenen Samlingen, unabhangig davon ob sich ein Trieb entwickelt hatte oder nicht, P. cinnamomi isoliert. Die Samlinge von Steineichen waren anfalliger gegenuber P. cinnamomi als die von Korkeichen. Die Mortalitat der Steineichen war signifikant verschieden bezuglich der Bodenbehandlung (sterilisiert, nicht sterilisiert); in den unsterilen Boden starben unabhangig von der Herkunft der Eicheln und des Bodens 100% der Samlinge ab. Bei den Korkeichensamlingen war die Mortalitat signifikant verschieden in Abhangigkeit von der Provenienz der Eicheln und der Bodenbehandlung sowie von den Interaktionen Eichelherkunft × Bodenherkunft und Bodenherkunft × Bodenbehandlung. Die hohe Anfalligkeit von Stein- und Korkeichensamlingen gegenuber P. cinnamomi konnte ein begrenzender Faktor fur die naturliche Regeneration und auch fur die Wiederaufforstung durch Direktsaat darstellen.

This article is the first working paper of the Researching Center for Agricultural Sciences and Applied Economic. It is a contribution for the INTA Nicaragua.

Se establece como objetivo principal del presente proyecto la necesidad de definir y desarrollar una metodología de ensayo con el fin de determinar las acciones aerodinámicas en el exterior de un vehículo en movimiento. Para ello se definirá el perfil de velocidades de un automóvil que caracterice la aerodinámica longitudinal del mismo mediante ensayos accesibles a un amplio y diverso abanico de clientes gracias a la reducción de costes, tiempo y simplificación de los ensayos. En cuanto al comportamiento de la dinámica transversal en un automóvil, dada la complejidad de estudio experimental que presenta su caracterización, se describirán diversos métodos empleados a lo largo de la historia de la aerodinámica que definen la evolución de aerodinámica lateral a través de los tiempos. Ingeniería Técnica en Electrónica

Biblioteca de humanidades de la Universidad de Salamanca. Convocatoria Abril. Plan 1996. Proyecto fin de carrera. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura

Bioremediation is a spontaneous or controlled process in which biological, mainly microbiological, methods are used to degrade or transform contaminants to non or less toxic products, reducing the environmental pollution. The most important parameters to define a contaminated site are: biodegradability, contaminant distribution, lixiviation grade, chemical reactivity of the contaminants, soil type and properties, oxygen availability and occurrence of inhibitory substances. Biological treatments of organic contaminations are based on the degradative abilities of the microorganisms. Therefore the knowledge on the physiology and ecology of the biological species or consortia involved as well as the characteristics of the polluted sites are decisive factors to select an adequate biorremediation protocol. Basidiomycetes which cause white rot decay of wood are able to degrade lignin and a variety of environmentally persistent pollutants. Thus, white rot fungi and their enzymes are thought to be useful not only in some industrial process like biopulping and biobleaching but also in bioremediation. This paper provides a review of different aspects of bioremediation technologies and recent advances on ligninolytic metabolism research.

We studied 6 families with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), to compare patients with normal renal function and healthy family members. From 38 subjects, 20 were carried of the genetic abnormality associated to the disease (however, in 4 renal cysts were absent) and 18 were healthy relatives. We did not found any difference between the two groups in respect to clinical manifestations, physical examination or blood chemistry and renal function tests studied, except an increase of phosphaturia in ADPKD patients. However, an increase in kidney size in ADPKD was noted, more evident in hypertensive patients. The blood pressure was correlated with kidney size in patients with ADPKD, but not in healthy relatives. We conclude that in early stages of the disease, patients with ADPKD do not have clinical or analytical abnormalities although they have an increase in kidney size. Genetic studies have great value to detect patients in early stages of the disease.