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AbstractBackgroundMethodResultsConclusionsGallstone disease is common, with a prevalence of 5%–22% in Western countries and 6.3%–12.1% in Chinese adults, increasing with age. Postsurgery recurrence is high and analyzing recurrence factors helps identify high-risk patients and preventive strategies. This study explores the differences in stone types and factors associated with postoperative recurrence.Data from 16,763 patients treated for gallstones at Shandong Third Hospital (2017–2023) were collected. Variables such as age, gender, stone type and size, comorbidities and biochemical results were analyzed using rank sum test, chi-square test, odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression.Among 16,763 patients, females were slightly more numerous, with ages predominantly in the 60–74 range. Gallbladder stones were the most common type, with a low recurrence rate. Recurrence was significantly associated with stone size, venous thrombosis, respiratory diseases, and cirrhosis. Different stone types varied in terms of complications, gender, age, and recurrence.Different stone types varied by comorbidities, gender, age, and recurrence, influencing recurrence risk. While the direct effect of stone type on recurrence is unclear, comorbidities play a crucial role. Larger, multicenter studies are needed to improve treatment guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of fresh coontail leaf (FCL) feeding on growth performance, haematology indices, and serological responses was assessed in weaned rabbits. A total of 120 unsexed crossbred rabbits with an average initial weight of 650 g were allocated to 5 dietary treatment groups with three replicates each and 24 rabbits per group. In a fully randomised design, the inclusion percentages for FCL were (control), 30 %, 50 %, 70 %, or 100 % of the basal diet. The results show that feeding a diet with 50 % FCL significantly improved total weight gain, while complete feeding of FCL decreased total weight gain compared to the control. Feeding FCL at 30, 50, and 70 % of the diet significantly increased total feed intake compared to the control or 100 %FCL feeding. Feed conversion ratio was significantly the best with 50 % FCL of the diet. Haematological measurements indicated that white blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly higher when feeding FCL 30 or 50 % of the diet, red blood cell (RBC) counts were significantly higher when feeding FCL at 30, 50, or 70 % of the diet, while mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly higher when feeding FCL at 50 % of the diet. It could be recommended to feed FCL up to 50 % of the diet to weaning rabbits without a negative effect on growth performance.

The objective of this research was to investigate the protective potential of ginger (Zingiber officinale) powder as a dietary supplement in mitigating lead (Pb) toxicity in Catla catla. The fish were distributed to six experimental groups (control, control-Pb, Pb + 5 g kg-1 GiP, Pb + 10 g kg-1 GiP, Pb + 15 g kg-1 GiP, and Pb + 20 g kg-1 GiP), with three replicates per group. Fish were fed a daily diet comprising 5% of their total body weight for a 60-day experimental period. Following the experiment, the growth performance, body composition, Pb accumulation in tissues, blood parameters, and intestinal enzymatic activity were assessed. The study revealed that Pb exposure in water had harmful effects on the aforementioned parameters. Conversely, dietary ginger supplementation exerted beneficial effects on the physiological parameters of C. catla. Supplementation with 10 g kg-1 GiP significantly enhanced the growth, body composition, hematological profile, digestive enzyme activity, and survival rate of the fish. Additionally, this treatment significantly decreased Pb accumulation in fish tissues. Overall, our findings indicate that dietary supplementation with Z. officinale (10 g kg-1) effectively ameliorates Pb toxicity and improves the overall health and well-being of C. catla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the negative impact of environmental and stressful factors is a crucial step in achieving sustainable aquaculture. Therefore, a study was aimed at evaluating the impacts of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on growth, relative gene expression of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), liver and kidney histopathology against stress induced by ammonia in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish were given feed containing different levels of CoQ10 for 8 weeks: Control – CoQ10 0%, G1 – CoQ10 0.1%, G2 – CoQ10 0.5% and G3 – CoQ10 1%. At the end of the experiment, fish were exposed to ammonia stress concentration at 0.6mg/L for 24 h to assess liver and kidney tissue damage. Results showed that there was a significant activity increase in GH and IGF-1 genes due to supplementation with CoQ10 alone (p < 0.05). Gene expression for GH increased about two-fold whereas that for IGF-1 experienced a four-fold upregulation compared to controls (p < 0.05). CoQ10's-related antioxidant effects probably minimized liver and kidney cellular injuries, as significant decreases were observed in ammonia-induced mortality (p < 0.05). In summary, adding CoQ10 to the diet is a potential way to improve fish production through controlling the gene expression of GH and IGF-1, as well as making fish populations more resistant to possible future stress caused by ammonia in intensive or super-intensive aquaculture systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background While tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health threat, data on mortality in critically ill TB patients and those with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) is limited. This study explores hematological profiles of critically ill TB patients and those with DR-TB, investigating associations with in-hospital and short-term mortality. Methods A longitudinal study of 269 patients with confirmed TB evaluated baseline blood cell counts and indices from medical records. We calculated in-hospital mortality and short-term prognosis, followed by analysis to identify predictors of mortality using hematological parameters. Results One-third of TB patients were critically ill (35.32%) and required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, while 14.5% had DR-TB, more common in females and smokers. Critically ill patients were older and tended to be non-smokers. DR-TB patients exhibited elevated lymphocyte and monocyte counts but lower neutrophil count and blood indices. Critically ill DS-TB patients had lower hemoglobin (Hb) and platelet (PLT) but higher total leucocytes count (TLC) and mean platelet volume (MPV). In-hospital mortality rate was 29.37%, significantly higher in critically ill DS-TB patients (74.74%). In-hospital mortality was 14-fold higher in critically ill DS-TB patients, 11-fold higher in stable DR-TB patients, and 6-fold higher in patients with comorbidities. Decreased Hb, monocyte level, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Predictors of short-term mortality included critical illness and comorbidities. However, the effect of DR-TB on short-term mortality disappeared. Decreasing Hb and TLC, especially neutrophils were significantly linked to short-term mortality. The utility of Hb in discriminating in-hospital and short-term mortality was very good, with AUC values of 78% and 79%, respectively. Cutoff values of less than 10 mg/dL and 9.75 mg/dL showed sensitivity ranging from 71 to 80% and specificity ranging from 75 to 80%, respectively. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into patients with DR-TB and DS-TB with critically illness. We observed elevated lymphocyte and monocyte counts in DR-TB patients, as well as significant alterations in blood indices in critically ill patients. Importantly, the in-hospital mortality was notably higher in critically ill DS-TB patients, highlighting the importance of early recognition and aggressive management in this subgroup. Specifically, certain blood parameters such as hemoglobin, monocytes, neutrophils, and the NLR were associated with an increased risk of both in-hospital and short-term mortality. Furthermore, our findings underscore the prognostic significance of hematological parameters, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Nano-sized Zn particles are recognized for its ability to elevate fish health and well-being, enhancing antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities and reinforcing the immune system. In the present study we explored the effects of Zn-NPs supplementation on augmenting the growth performance and nutritional indicators and physiological aspects of the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Zn-NPs were prepared by heating the mixture of [Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O], ethylene glycol and polymer surfactant (PVP) at 70°C for 45  min using an oil bath heater. The resultant solution was centrifuged at 6000  rpm on a heated plate at 70°C until the precipitation of Zn-NPs was achieved. Crystal structure, growth mechanisms and shapes of Zn-NPs were characterized by the atomic force microscopy. Produced Zn-NPs was characterized by spectrophotometer and the zeta potential and mean size was recorded as −32.5  ±  1.0  mV and 14.7  ±  2.5  nm, respectively. The experiment comprised six distinct test diets, categorized by the incorporation of Zn-NPs at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50  mg/kg into the feed where the initial diet was employed as a control group, devoid of any Zn-NPs supplementation. Three glass aquariums were employed for each diet. In each aquarium, 12 fish with an initial mean weight of 5.23  ±  0.06  g were stocked. The fish underwent experimental feeding for 60  days, with the feed amount set at 3% of their body weight. After the experimental period, growth performance (weight gain, length gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate, thermal growth co-efficient, condition factor and survival rate), nutritional indices (feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, annual net protein utilization), proximate composition of muscle (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and moisture), hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, total protein, albumin and globulin), serum lipid and enzymatic parameters (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, ALP, AST, ALT, amylase, lipase and protease), and bioaccumulation of Zn in different organs of fish were estimated following standard methods. Growth analysis revealed that C. batrachus fed with Zn-NPs at 40  mg/kg of feed had significantly (p  <  0.05) improved growth performance (WG  =  18.87  ±  0.91  g, SGR  =  2.52  ±  0.06% g/day, TGC  =  1.09  ±  0.05 and CF  =  1.47  ±  0.12), nutritional indices (FCR  =  1.35  ±  0.06, PER  =  2.24  ±  0.10 and ANPU  =  41.46  ±  2.56%), hematological parameters, and enzymatic activity compared to control and other groups. The optimal dietary supplementation of Zn-NPs for final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of C. batrachus was estimated to be ranged between 30.4 and 30.5  mg/kg per diet, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A feeding trial was conducted to study the influences of dietary basil leaves powder (BLP) supplements on productive and physiological performance in growing Japanese quail. A total number of 192 unsexed birds (9 days old) were randomly assigned to four equal treatments (48 birds), in six replicates, eight birds each. The 1st group was used as a control group. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were fed diets containing 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% BLP, respectively. The findings showed that control diets with BLP levels (especially, 1.5% BLP) had beneficial effects by improving feed conversion ratio (FCR) and decreasing feed intake (FI). Diets containing BLP significantly augmented carcass and depressed abdominal fat weight. Giblets and dressing had no significant effect. Diets with BLP resulted in increasing the absolute weights of the immune organs. The quail fed on a diet with 1.5% BLP achieved significantly the highest values of total protein, globulin, and albumen. A significant lowest value was recorded regarding serum glucose. Lipid profile and thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) values in BLP-treated groups were significantly better than the control. There was a numerical increase in color, texture, and overall acceptability of quail meat values with the inclusion of all BLP levels compared to the control. Furthermore, net revenue and economic efficiency values were improved for quail-fed BLP diets. In conclusion, BLP can be used as feed additives to boost the productive and physiological performance of growing Japanese quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health threat, data on mortality in critically ill TB patients and those with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) is limited. This study explores hematological profiles of critically ill TB patients and those with DR-TB, investigating associations with in-hospital and short-term mortality. Methods: A longitudinal study of 269 patients with confirmed TB evaluated baseline blood cell counts and indices from medical records. We calculated in-hospital mortality and short-term prognosis, followed by analysis to identify predictors of mortality using hematological parameters. Results: One-third of TB patients were critically ill (35.32%) and required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, while 14.5% had DR-TB, more common in females and smokers. Critically ill patients were older and tended to be non-smokers. DR-TB patients exhibited elevated lymphocyte and monocyte counts but lower neutrophil count and blood indices. Critically ill DS-TB patients had lower hemoglobin (Hb) and platelet (PLT) but higher total leucocytes count (TLC) and mean platelet volume (MPV). In-hospital mortality rate was 29.37%, significantly higher in critically ill DS-TB patients (74.74%). In-hospital mortality was 14-fold higher in critically ill DS-TB patients, 11-fold higher in stable DR-TB patients, and 6-fold higher in patients with comorbidities. Decreased Hb, monocyte level, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Predictors of short-term mortality included critical illness and comorbidities. However, the effect of DR-TB on short-term mortality disappeared. Decreasing Hb and TLC, especially neutrophils were significantly linked to short-term mortality. The utility of Hb in discriminating in-hospital and short-term mortality was very good, with AUC values of 78% and 79%, respectively. Cutoff values of less than 10 mg/dL and 9.75 mg/dL showed sensitivity ranging from 71 to 80% and specificity ranging from 75 to 80%, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into patients with DR-TB and DS-TB with critically illness. We observed elevated lymphocyte and monocyte counts in DR-TB patients, as well as significant alterations in blood indices in critically ill patients. Importantly, the in-hospital mortality was notably higher in critically ill DS-TB patients, highlighting the importance of early recognition and aggressive management in this subgroup. Specifically, certain blood parameters such as hemoglobin, monocytes, neutrophils, and the NLR were associated with an increased risk of both in-hospital and short-term mortality. Furthermore, our findings underscore the prognostic significance of hematological parameters, particularly in resource-limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the effects of using different levels of thyme leaves powder (TLP) supplemented in growing quails birds diets on productive performance, blood indices, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes, immunity, quality of quail meat and economic efficiency. A total number of 192, unsexed birds (9-day-old) were allocated into four treatments, each treatment contain six replicates of eight birds each. Birds fed a basal diet containing 24% CP with2900 Kcal M.E./ kg diet, a basal diet with 0.5%TLP; a basal diet with 1.0%TLP; a basal diet with 1.5%TLP; as control group T1, T2, T3 and T4; respectively. Results showed that TLP-diets exhibited significantly improvement in live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), growth rate (GR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) values, without a change in feed intake (FI).As well as, there was an increased significantly in digestive enzymes (trypsin, amylase and lipase) and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) activities, carcass and dressing percentages, antioxidant capacity (T-AOC and GSH-PX) and immune response. The treated groups enhanced the protein profile (T-protein and: Globulin (glob.), with no significant in Albumin (Alb). was found. While, significant decrease was recorded in T- cholesterol (T-chol.), triglycerides (TG) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) values. Moreover, overall acceptability of quail meat and economic efficiency were improved with TLP diets. In the current study suggests that thyme leaves powder can be used as a feed supplement to improve the growth performance; some carcass traits and blood constituents; enhancing immune-antioxidant status; as well as the highest values of economic efficiency of growing Japanese quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the morbidity rate and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) so as to provide a basis for the clinical prevention and treatment and reduce the severity of ROP. Methods 648 premature infants, including 371 males and 277 females, who underwent the fundus examination at Kunming Children's Hospital from September 2018 to September 2023 were selected and divided into a non ROP group and a ROP group (including pre threshold ROP, threshold ROP, and rapidly advancing posterior pole ROP (A-ROP). The parameters of gestational age, birth weight, and blood routine were collected, and chi square test was used to detect gender group differences. Univariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the inter group differences in gestational age and birth weight. Rank sum test was used to detect the inter group differences in blood routine data, and the logistic regression analysis were conducted to establish the relevant independent risk factors, and evaluate the early predictive value of LMR and NLR for ROP by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The rank-sum test showed that the differences in gestational age, daytime age, and birth weight were statistically significant (P<0.05) in the four groups compared with the no-ROP, pre-threshold, threshold, and A-ROP groups. The white blood cell count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, hemoglobin, and NLR ratio were significantly lower and the LMR ratio was significantly higher in the three ROP groups compared to the children in the no-ROP group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis suggested that birth weight, gestational age, hemoglobin, NLR, and LMR were independent risk factors for the development of ROP (P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve for LMR was 0.651 (95%CI: 0.605-0.698), with a best predictive value was 7.36, corresponding to a sensitivity of 55.8% and a specificity of 71.4%. Conclusion Birth weight, gestational age, hemoglobin, and NLR are independent risk factors for ROP, with birth weight, gestational age, and hemoglobin as the protective factors. LMR has some early predictive value for ROP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A feeding trial of 5-week duration was performed to assess the response of broiler chicks to dietary supplementation with different doses of myco-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) on blood indices, physiological, immunological response, antioxidant status, intestinal microbial count, and histological changes in immune organs. A total of 162 3-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were weighed individually and distributed equally into 3 dietary treatments with 6 replicate of 9 chicks in each in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed ad libitum a basal ration prepared as starter, grower, and finisher supplemented with 0 (T1, control), 40 (T2), and 60 (T3) mg zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs)/kg feed. Results showed that supplementing with ZONPs at both studied levels increased the relative weights of the spleen, bursa, thymus, and liver and decreased the relative weight of the kidney, gizzard, and intestine. A significant increase in the concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (PCV%), red and white blood cell counts, total protein (TP), globulin (GLOB), aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a significant decrease in malonaldehyde (MDA), uric acid, and creatinine concentration were observed. Furthermore, all immunological organs showed histological alteration and increased both types of immunity in ZONPs groups with more pronounced effects in the T2 group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioavailability, small size and direct absorption in the blood, make nanoparticles (NPs) a remarkable feed additive in the aquaculture industry. Therefore, dietary iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3‐NPs) were used to examine their effects on growth, nutrient absorption, body composition and blood indices in Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) fingerlings. Healthy C. carpio fingerlings (n = 270) were fed with six canola meal based experimental diets (D1‐control, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6) supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg Fe2O3‐NPs respectively. A total of 15 fingerlings (average initial weight 5.51 ± 0.04 g/fish) were kept in triplicates for 70 days. The results indicated that maximum growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficient, body composition and haematological parameters were observed in 40 mg/kg Fe2O3‐NPs supplementation. All the experimental diets were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in all the above parameters than control diet. In the present research, the recommended dosage of Fe2O3‐NPs as dietary supplement is 40 mg/kg for improving the growth, nutrient absorption, body composition and haematological indices in C. carpio fingerlings. Hence, this study demonstrates the potential of NPs to improve the health of fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose of the study: There is a significant correlation between the level of lipid metabolism markers in serum and the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, based on which, maintaining the health of lipid metabolism is of great significance in improving the quality of life and preventing the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, with the gradual improvement of living standards and economic level, people's demand for health is also increasing, so there is an urgent need to find ways to exercise to maximize the health benefits within a limited period of time. Study subjects and methods: A total of 30 female college students with BIM test results ≥24kg/m2 and <27.9kg/m2 were selected for this study. The 30 female college students were randomly divided into three groups, which were labeled as the control group (SSC group), the high-intensity interval training group (HIIT group), and the cross-point training group (COP group) in accordance with the differences in the implementation of the research methods. Prior to the implementation of the exercise intervention, a maximal oxygen uptake test and a crossover point test were completed to pinpoint the acceptable exercise intensity for each individual. A 10-week exercise intervention program was implemented 3 times per week for 10 weeks for female students in the HIIT and COP groups to ensure that the daily physical activity of female students in the SSC group remained unchanged. In the HIIT group, the female students were required to complete 5 sets of high-intensity interval training for a total of 35 minutes per session, with each set consisting of 4 minutes of running (at 85% of maximal oxygen uptake) interspersed with 3 minutes of walking (at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake). Female undergraduates within the COP group were required to complete a total of 45 minutes of cross point exercise training per session at a sustained intensity. Morphological and blood indices of 30 female students were collected before and after the implementation of the corresponding exercise intervention program, and were statistically and scientifically analyzed. Study Results: After a 10-week exercise intervention, there were no significant changes in morphological indicators, blood indices, and related ratio indices of female college students within the SSC and HIIT groups (P > 0.05); After the 10-week exercise intervention, the morphological indicators, blood indicators, and related ratio indicators of female college students within the COP group improved significantly (P < 0.05); Compared with the pre-intervention period, the morphological indicators of the female students in the COP group showed a decrease in BMI and body fat percentage (P < 0.05), and a decrease in waist and hip circumference (P < 0.05), and the blood indicators showed a decrease in serum Apo B (P < 0.05) and a decrease in the ratio of Apo B to Apo AI (P < 0.05). Research Conclusion: Cross-point training intensity sustained can significantly improve the morphological indexes, blood indexes and related ratio indexes of overweight female college students, and it is an effective exercise training modality that can improve the risk factors of abdominal obesity, lipid health, and cardiovascular disease in female college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Antibiotics have long played a positive role in enhancing broiler growth performance and improving intestinal health. However, the long-term use of antibiotics has led to problems such as resistance, which has serious implications for global public health. Herbs are considered ideal as new antibiotic alternatives because they are natural, non-resistant, and non-toxic or have low toxicity. However, the application of herbal formulas in broiler farming is still relatively rare. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the designed herbal formula (Astragali radix, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus, and Citri reticulatae pericarpium) on growth performance, blood indices, organ traits, and cecum microbiology in broilers. The results demonstrated that the herbal formulas played a positive role in enhancing growth performance, immune performance, and cecum microbiological composition in broilers. Our study provides a theoretical basis and practical experience for the application of herbs in poultry farming and help to develop them as novel feed additives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the designed herbal formula (DHF) on growth performance, blood indices, organ traits, and cecum microbiology in broilers. A total of 96 male broilers of 1 d were selected and randomly assigned to two groups with six replicates of eight broilers each. The control (CON) and the basal diet containing 1.0% DHF (Astragali radix, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus, and Citri reticulatae pericarpium, 2:1:1:2) were fed separately. The experiment was conducted for 35 days. The results showed that the DHF diet increased body weight and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). At 21 days, the spleen, thymus, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes were increased (p < 0.05), and pancreas, duodenum, heterophils, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased (p < 0.05). At 35 days, the heart, pancreas, white blood cell, heterophils, hemoglobin, MCH and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were decreased, while lymphocytes and middle cells were increased (p < 0.05). The results of microbial diversity analysis showed that the DHF diet decreased the microbial diversity of the cecum. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, where the DHF diet increased the relative abundances of Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and then decreased the relative abundance of Shigella sonnei. In conclusion, DHF played a positive role in improving the growth performance, immune performance, and relative abundance of Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in cecum microbiology in broilers, and has the potential to be used as a novel feed additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-sized Zn particles are recognized for its ability to elevate fish health and well-being, enhancing antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities and reinforcing the immune system. In the present study we explored the effects of Zn-NPs supplementation on augmenting the growth performance and nutritional indicators and physiological aspects of the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Zn-NPs were prepared by heating the mixture of [Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O], ethylene glycol and polymer surfactant (PVP) at 70°C for 45 min using an oil bath heater. The resultant solution was centrifuged at 6000 rpm on a heated plate at 70°C until the precipitation of Zn-NPs was achieved. Crystal structure, growth mechanisms and shapes of Zn-NPs were characterized by the atomic force microscopy. Produced Zn-NPs was characterized by spectrophotometer and the zeta potential and mean size was recorded as −32.5 ± 1.0 mV and 14.7 ± 2.5 nm, respectively. The experiment comprised six distinct test diets, categorized by the incorporation of Zn-NPs at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg into the feed where the initial diet was employed as a control group, devoid of any Zn-NPs supplementation. Three glass aquariums were employed for each diet. In each aquarium, 12 fish with an initial mean weight of 5.23 ± 0.06 g were stocked. The fish underwent experimental feeding for 60 days, with the feed amount set at 3% of their body weight. After the experimental period, growth performance (weight gain, length gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate, thermal growth co-efficient, condition factor and survival rate), nutritional indices (feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, annual net protein utilization), proximate composition of muscle (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and moisture), hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, total protein, albumin and globulin), serum lipid and enzymatic parameters (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, ALP, AST, ALT, amylase, lipase and protease), and bioaccumulation of Zn in different organs of fish were estimated following standard methods. Growth analysis revealed that C. batrachus fed with Zn-NPs at 40 mg/kg of feed had significantly (p

Abstract Background Mucosal healing has become the primary treatment target for patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). We aimed to develop a noninvasive and convenient tool to evaluate the endoscopic activity in patients with ileocolic CD. Methods A retrospective multicenter study including 300 CD patients (training, 210 patients; test, 90 patients) was conducted at two tertiary referral centers. Independent risk factors associated with endoscopic activity were explored, which were then combined into a comprehensive index. The predictive performance was evaluated with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Cohen’s Kappa was adopted to examine the consistency between each indicator and endoscopic activity. Results A total of 210 CD patients were recruited in the training cohort. We found that Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI), C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet-to-lymphocyte percentage ratio (PLpR) were independently associated with endoscopic activity. Additionally, the comprehensive index generated from the above three indices achieved good discrimination and performed better than CDAI in AUC (0.849 vs. 0.769, P

The main objective of the current trial was to evaluate the beneficial influences of Origanum vulgare leaf extract (OVLE) on growth, some blood indices, redox status, and the expression of some growth and immune-related genes. Three thousand seven hundred and eighty Nile tilapia fingerlings were allocated to six equal groups. The first group served as a control and received a basal diet, while the other five groups were fed diets containing graded amounts of OVLE (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%, respectively) and defined as OVLE0.1, OVLE0.2, OVLE0.3, OVLE0.4, and OVLE0.5 for 98 days. Growth performance and feed efficiency parameters were significantly improved in OVLE0.4 and OVLE0.5 groups compared with the control group. The hematological indices, specifically hemoglobin, red blood cell, and white blood cell count were significantly increased in the fish group fed a 4% OVLE-supplemented diet compared to other groups. Fish fed higher dietary inclusion levels of OVLE significantly increased total protein and albumin concentrations compared to other experimental groups. The OVLE0.4 and OVLE0.5 supplemented groups promoted innate immune response and phagocytic activity and stimulated the lipase enzyme activity of Nile tilapia. All estimated redox markers were significantly improved in the fish groups that received 4 or 5% OVLE compared with the control and other OVLE groups. The fish groups fed higher levels of OVLE significantly upregulated the expression of GH, IL-8, and IL-1β genes and downregulated the expression of the Hsp70 gene. Furthermore, the intestinal histological features demonstrated normal structure in all OVLE-administered fish groups, with improved intestinal villus length compared to the untreated group. Finally, it could be concluded that including OVLE in the Nile tilapia diet at higher levels (0.4 up to 0.5%) could improve performance and general health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fish meal replacement by Aqupro (processed soybean meal) on hematological and biochemical indices of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). To do this, 105 juvenile Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight 171.79±1.07g) were distributed in five treatments each with three replicates. The experimental treatments included the control (AP0), 20 (AP20), 40 (AP40), 60 (AP60) and 80 (AP80) percent replacement of Aqupro substituted with fish meal. Fish were fed according to apparent satiation four times daily for 12 weeks. According to the results, the highest final weight was observed in the control treatment (252.95±27.00g) and among the treatments containing Aqupro, the highest and lowest weights were observed in AP60 (226.38±14.71g) and AP40 (211.09±4.14g), respectively, but no significant difference was observed in any treatments (P>0.05). Hematological results showed significant differences in the number of white blood cells and differential white blood cells in some treatments with the control group (P<0.05). The percent of lymphocytes showed no significant difference between treatments and control (P>0.05), but AP20 and AP40 showed significant differences with AP60 and AP80 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC among treatments (P>0.05). The highest cholesterol level was observed in AP60 and showed a significant difference with control (P<0.05). Glucose levels showed significant differences between different treatments, as the lowest level was found in AP80 and indicated a significant difference with control (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in plasma triglyceride and proteins (total protein, globulin and albumin) compared with control (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, due to the importance of fish meal and its high price, nutritional value of Aqupro and easy accessibility and also no negative impact on measured indices, replacement of high levels of fish meal with Aqupro is possible in Siberian sturgeon diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed some of the secondary metabolites present in hydro-ethanolic extract of Newbouldia laevis (NBL) leaves and its potential protective effects on the haematological indices of glyphosate herbicide exposed rabbit bucks. To determine the protective effects of NBL against herbicide toxicity, 36 rabbit bucks were randomized into four treatment groups designated as control, glyphosate-only, glyphosate + NBL 100 mg and glyphosate + NBL 200 mg in a completely randomized design experiment. Result of phytochemical screening of NBL showed high presence of flavonoid, terpenoid and phenol. Saponin was found to be moderately present with slight presence of alkaloid, steroid, tannin and cyanogenic glycosides. Acute toxicity evaluation indicated that the extract had a substantial safety margin with a tolerance of up to 1000 mg/kg in Albino rats. The result of glyphosate on haematological indices showed that the herbicide did not significantly (p>0.05) alter most of the measured blood parameters. However, significant (p<0.05) effects were observed on the concentration of lymphocyte and platelet counts. The administration of NBL leaves extract appeared to counteract the adverse effect of glyphosate, as evidenced by the enhanced platelet count in the treated groups. These findings support the traditional use of NBL in herbal remedies due to its phytochemical composition. It also suggests that glyphosate has minimal toxicity on haematological profile and that NBL leaves may have potential applications in regulating haematological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main mechanism of innate immunity is the complement system. Its components include the protein products of the C1R and C5 genes, which are involved in the classical activation pathway as well as the inflammatory and cytolytic immune responses, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in C1R (726T > C) and C5 (1044A > C) genes, and the values of hematological and biochemical blood indices in suckling crossbred (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace × Duroc × Pietrain) piglets (n = 473), considering their age (younger, 21 ± 3 days, n = 274; older, 35 ± 3 days, n = 199) and health status. The frequencies of the C5 genotypes deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Younger piglets, healthy piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets with the C1R TT genotype all had lower white and red blood cell indices. In piglets with the C5 CC genotype, younger piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets, a greater number and/or percentage of monocytes were recorded in the blood. Older piglets also showed an increase in the number of leukocytes and granulocytes, along with a tendency for a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes in their blood. We concluded that a polymorphism in the C1R gene may exhibit a functional association or genetic linkage with other genes involved in the process of erythropoiesis. Furthermore the relationship between the C5 gene polymorphism and the number and/or percentage of monocytes in the blood may modify the body's defense abilities. Piglets with the CC genotype, having an increased number/proportion of these cells in their blood, probably display a weakened immune response to pathogens or a chronic stimulation of the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a flagship species for biodiversity conservation. Due to population size and sample collection limitations, very limited information is available on the routine blood and blood biochemistry of giant pandas. Rarely is the influence of seasons on the physiology and health of giant pandas studied. Understanding the impact of meteorological factors on giant pandas is necessary for the future. In this study, we obtained data on the changes in hematological parameters of giant pandas in different seasons and ages. We found differences in overall metabolic processes among giant pandas of different age groups. At the same time, seasonal changes have a regulating effect on hemorheological parameters and may have a negative impact on blood viscosity. Whether seasonal and climatic factors cause environmental stress in captive giant pandas remains to be further studied. The results of this study may help to protect the stability of the giant panda population better and provide a reference for the appropriate feeding and medical care of captive giant pandas. The giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, serves as a flagship species for biodiversity conservation, embodying the intersection of ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic forces shaping the natural world. Hematological parameters serve as crucial indicators for assessing the physiological status of animals. However, our understanding of blood parameters and hemorheology in captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions is limited. In this study, from September 2018 to August 2020, we collected blood samples from captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions. Twelve captive giant pandas, ranging in age from 2 to 28 years, were divided into three groups based on their age, and the variations in basic blood parameters and hemorheological parameters across four seasons were analyzed. This provided baseline data for future blood sample comparisons in non-anesthetized captive giant pandas. Additionally, we observed seasonal changes in hematological morphology, hemorheology, and serum enzymes. Moreover, seasonality had a regulatory effect on hemorheological parameters and negatively impacted blood viscosity. Age influenced changes in serum enzymes, serum protein content, and serum metabolites, indicating differences in overall metabolic processes among giant pandas of different age groups. Whether factors such as season and climate contribute to environmental stress in captive giant pandas requires further investigation. The findings of this study may help to protect the stability of the giant panda population better and provide a reference for the medical care of captive giant pandas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of formic acid on growth performance, blood indices, and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were examined over 60 days. The common carp (mean weight of 10±0.11 g) were randomly allocated to four experimental treatments with three replications (25 pieces in each replication) including control treatment (no propionic acid) and three treatments which received formic acid (0.5, 1, 1.5 gr/kilogram diet). The results indicated that growth parameters (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor, and FCR) were significantly different between the control and experimental treatments. The final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and condition factor in the propionic acid treatments had a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results of study showed that no significant difference in blood parameters were observed between treatments (P>0.05). The highest lipase activity (21.73±1.18 U/L) was observed in 1 g/kg propionic acid group (P<0.05). Moreover, the highest protease (303.15±4.16 U/L) and amylase activities (650.26±10.05 U/L) were recorded in 1.5 g/kg propionic acid group (P<0.05). According to obtained results, inclusion of propionic acid in common carp diet had a positive effect on the improvement of growth performance and digestive enzyme activities; therefore, a diet containing 1.5 g/kg propionic aid proposed to enhance growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of common carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mucosal healing has become the primary treatment target for patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to develop a noninvasive and convenient tool to evaluate the endoscopic activity in patients with ileocolic CD. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study including 300 CD patients (training, 210 patients; test, 90 patients) was conducted at two tertiary referral centers. Independent risk factors associated with endoscopic activity were explored, which were then combined into a comprehensive index. The predictive performance was evaluated with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Cohen's Kappa was adopted to examine the consistency between each indicator and endoscopic activity. Results: A total of 210 CD patients were recruited in the training cohort. We found that Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet-to-lymphocyte percentage ratio (PLpR) were independently associated with endoscopic activity. Additionally, the comprehensive index generated from the above three indices achieved good discrimination and performed better than CDAI in AUC (0.849 vs. 0.769, P < 0.05). This was further well demonstrated by the external test cohort, which showed good discrimination (AUC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.744–0.936). Intra-individual comparison revealed the comprehensive index to be superior in the prediction of endoscopic activity. In the subgroup analysis, the AUC of comprehensive index was significantly higher than CDAI especially in inflammatory phenotype (0.824 vs. 0.751, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Combining CDAI, CRP and PLpR significantly improved the accuracy for predicting endoscopic activity in ileocolic CD, which can help better monitor an endoscopic flare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and tributyrin (TB) on dairy calves in terms of growth performance, immunity, oxidative stress, and intestinal microflora. A total of 40 female calves were divided into four treatment groups (n = 10): basal diet +0.015% essential oil, basal diet +0.03% AMP, basal diet +0.15% TB, and basal diet +0.03% AMP + 0.15% TB. AMP and TB supplementation increased the average daily gain (ADG) and weaning weight, while reducing diarrhea occurrence. Additionally, AMP and TB supplementation reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels. However, the combined use of AMP and TB did not significantly affect the average daily feed intake, ADG, weaning weight, or diarrhea incidence but decreased ROS levels, while increasing SOD levels as well as MDA and IgM levels. Moreover, AMP and TG supplementation increased the relative abundance of several beneficial fiber‐ and mucin‐degrading bacteria in the gut, in contrast to combined AMP and TB supplementation. The 16S rRNA results showed that AMP supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐014 and [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes group (p <.01), and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐005 and Christensenellaceae_R‐7_group (p <.01). The TB supplementation significantly increased the abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐005 (p <.01), and significantly decreased the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐014, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes group and Christensenellaceae_R‐7_group (p <.01). The combined use of AMP and TB significantly increased the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Bacteroides (p <.01), and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐014, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes group and Christensenellaceae_R‐7_group (p <.01). In summary, diets supplemented with either AMP or TB improved the intestinal microflora, growth performance, and health of weaned calves, but combined use was detrimental to calf performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two experiments are conducted to find out the effect of rice bran crude lecithin on rumen ecology, milk fat quality, metabolic indices, and leptin (LEP) gene expression. In first experiment, 12 crossbred calves are randomly divided into two groups, that is, RBCL‐0 and RBCL‐6, and they are fed wheat straw based diet with concentrate mixture containing 0% RBCL (CM1) and 6% RBCL (CM2), respectively, for 120 d for rumen fermentation study. Ruminal ammonia‐N and short chain fatty acids and rumen microbes are nonsignificantly affected in RBCL calves. In second experiment, 12 lactating cows are randomly divided into RBCL‐0 and RBCL‐6 groups and fed CM1 and CM2 concentrate along with napier grass as roughage. In milk fatty acid profile, C16:1 fatty acid is significantly lower while cis‐C18:1 is significantly higher in the RBCL supplemented cows. The atherogenic index and thrombogenic index are 16 and 19% lower while health promoting index, polyunsaturated saturated fatty acids, and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic are 16, 10, and 16, respectively, higher in RBCL‐6 cows. The mean nonesterified fatty acid and β‐hydroxy butyric acid value is lower while LEP gene expression is higher in RBCL supplemented cows than control cows. The milk income is higher in RBCL cows. Finally, it can be concluded that RBCL at 6% in concentrate mixture of dairy ration do not adversely affect the rumen ecology. Although RBCL has capacity to enhance health properties of milk fat along with profitability, still more studies are warranted. Practical applications: Cow milk has always been an important component of the human diet in the world. The milk composition, especially fat, is directly influenced by feeding regime in dairy animals. In the milk fat, the unsaturated fatty acids (mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids) help in improving the health condition of consumers along with the keeping quality of milk. In this series, rice bran crude lecithin was used in the dairy ration and found that it altered certain metabolic parameters and gene expression, which may be beneficial for animal health without altering rumen fermentation. Although RBCL substantially modify the milk fatty acid profile and improves the fat indices which will enhance the human health by protecting them from cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The use of alternative proteinaceous feedstuffs is under investigation worldwide, due to the increased economic and ecological burdens of soybean meal, especially for dairy farms. Here, we examined whether the partial substitution of soymeal by a mixture of locally produced flaxseed and lupins could affect milk yield and fertility parameters of dairy cows during the transition period. Milk yield and composition were examined. The dietary treatment affected neither milk yield nor its composition. Animals offered the diet with flaxseed and lupin seeds expressed the first postpartum estrus and conceived earlier than control cows. These results imply that the replacement of soymeal with flaxseed and lupin is a profitable feed modification, which benefits overall fertility in dairy cows. Flaxseed and lupin seed were offered as an alternative dietary approach in dairy cows, through the partial substitution of soybean meal. Milk production and fertility traits were investigated. A total of 330 animals were allocated into two groups, treated (n = 176) and control (n = 154). From each group, 30 animals were selected for hematological and cytological studies. The experimental feeding period lasted for 81 days (25 days prepartum and 56 days postpartum). The control ration (group C) contained corn, barley, soybean meal, rapeseed cake, corn silage and lucerne hay; whereas, in the treatment group (group T), 50% of the soybean meal was replaced by an equal mixture of flaxseed and lupins. The two rations were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Milk samples were analyzed for chemical composition, somatic cell count (SCC) content and total colony forming units (CFU). Blood samples were collected, and serum was analyzed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), acute phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloid) and lipid oxidation indices, namely thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase activity. To assess polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) numbers, endometrial samples from each cow were collected on days 21 and 42. No difference was recorded between groups in milk yield (p > 0.05). In multiparous cows, NEFA (mMol/L) concentrations were significantly lower in group T than in group C on day 14 (p > 0.009) and on day 42 (p = 0.05), while no difference was detected in the group of primiparous cows. At all time points, serum TBARS and catalase values were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Multiparous cows in group T expressed the first postpartum estrus and conceived earlier than cows in group C (p ≤ 0.05). Between days 21 to 42 postpartum, the PMN reduction rate was higher in group T animals (p ≤ 0.05). Acute phase protein levels were in general lower in group T animals, and at specific time points differed significantly from group C (p ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that the partial replacement of soybean meal by flaxseed and lupins had no negative effect on milk yield or milk composition, and improved cow fertility; which, along with the lower cost of flaxseed and lupins mixture, may increase milk production profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the number of studies documenting the presence of Microplastics (MP) in fish is increasing, research studies focused on its detoxification are very limited. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) were randomly divided into two groups after being fed with MPs (15% polypropylene [PP] +15% polyethylene [PE]) for 2 months. MP excretion without any application (PP+PE) in group I fish, and excretion of MPs with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) application (PP+PE+HRW) in group 2 were investigated under semi-static conditions for 21 days. This effect was also compared by using positive and negative control groups (Control [no treatment, free PP, PE or/and HRW] and only HRW group). In this direction, the following were determined: PP+PE chronic toxicity in aquatic organisms, the toxicity mechanism and the effect of HRW as a possible treatment method in blood tissue; with hematological indices ([RBC count [RBC], leukocyte count [WBC], hemoglobin value [Hb], hematocrit ratio [Hct], platelet count [PLT], hemoglobin count per erythrocyte [MCHC], mean hemoglobin amount per erythrocyte [MCH] and mean erythrocyte volume [MCV]) in other tissues (liver, gill and brain tissue) oxidative stress response (catalase [CAT]), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen products (ROS), malondialdehyde ([MDA] levels), DNA damage (8-OHdG: 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine), and the apoptosis (caspase 3) levels were investigated. In addition, acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity, which is important in neurotoxicity pathways in the brain, was determined. The presence of plastics (PP/PE) in target tissues (muscle, liver, gill and gastrointestinal tract) was also obtained. The results showed that PP+PE caused toxicity in all three tissues. MPs showed an inhibiting effect on antioxidant enzyme activities and an inductive effect on MDA, ROS, 8-OHdG, and caspase 3 levels. HRW showed a mitigating effect on MP-mediated toxicity in O. mykiss brain, blood, gill, and liver by controlling the ROS/GSH/MDA pathway. HRW can be suggested as a costeffective and eco-friendly curative for the protection of fish from the oxidative damages produced by the ingestion of microplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the designed herbal formula (DHF) on growth performance, blood indices, organ traits, and cecum microbiology in broilers. A total of 96 male broilers of 1 d were selected and randomly assigned to two groups with six replicates of eight broilers each. The control (CON) and the basal diet containing 1.0% DHF (Astragali radix, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus, and Citri reticulatae pericarpium, 2:1:1:2) were fed separately. The experiment was conducted for 35 days. The results showed that the DHF diet increased body weight and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). At 21 days, the spleen, thymus, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes were increased (p < 0.05), and pancreas, duodenum, heterophils, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased (p < 0.05). At 35 days, the heart, pancreas, white blood cell, heterophils, hemoglobin, MCH and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were decreased, while lymphocytes and middle cells were increased (p < 0.05). The results of microbial diversity analysis showed that the DHF diet decreased the microbial diversity of the cecum. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, where the DHF diet increased the relative abundances of Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and then decreased the relative abundance of Shigella sonnei. In conclusion, DHF played a positive role in improving the growth performance, immune performance, and relative abundance of Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in cecum microbiology in broilers, and has the potential to be used as a novel feed additive.

Formic acid is simplest member of carboxylic acid family. The effects of formic acid on growth, blood indices, and immune parameters of goldfish fry were examined over 60 days. The goldfish fries (mean weight of 5.10±0.15 g) were randomly allocated to four experimental treatments with three replications (25 pieces in each replication) including control treatment (no formic acid) and three treatments which received formic acid (10, 20, 30 gr/kilogram diet). The results indicated that growth indices (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor, and FCR) were significantly different between the control and experimental treatments. The final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and status index in the formic acid treatments had a significant increase compared to the control group. In addition, adding formic acid to goldfish fry food ration improved blood factors and immunity in the fish. The results of study showed that inclusion of folic acid resulted an increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin, number of red blood cells, number of white blood cells, lysozyme, immunoglobin, and total immunoglobin compared to the control group. In general, adding folic acid to the food of goldfish fry improved growth parameters along with blood and immune parameters. According to obtained results, a diet containing 10 g/kg diet proposed to enhance growth performance and immunity of goldfish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 112days feed trial on West Africa Dwarf (WAD)goats fed cassava peels (CPM) and poultry droppings (PDM) with varying inclusion levels of enzymes on their growth performance and blood indices.Five dietary treatments levels based on the different percentage body weights per treatment were fed with varying levels of Roxazyme G2® at 4.4g, 4.6g, 4.8g and 5.0g which serves as T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively per kg of CPM + PDMThe moisture, dry matter, ash, crude fibre, ether extracts, crude protein and Nitrogen free extracts of the diets were 10.76-12.06%, 87.94-90.34%, 8.27-9.25%, 12.68-13.62%, 5.26-5.46%, 14.21-14.95 and 45.69-46.73% respectively.Data collected on the growth parameters and bloodindices of the goats were analysed, while the means were separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results on the general performance of WAD fed poultry dropping with varying inclusion levels showed that T5 have superior mean values on the weight gain, daily weight gain and better FCR. On the blood indices of WAD goats fed enzyme showed increase values on the parameters evaluated at higher inclusion levels. It was concluded that higher inclusion levels of enzymes resulted to a better growth performance with increase immunity to fight infection as observed at higher concentrations on their blood profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of different levels of vitamin E on growth performance and blood indices of Caspian trout (Salmo caspius) juveniles. Six diets with different levels of vitamin E including 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg kg-1 were prepared. The actual amounts of vitamin E in diets were determined using high performance liquid chromatography and were as follow: 4.9, 8.6, 17.4, 35.4, 78.8 and 137.0 mg kg-1. In total, 360 fish (initial mean weight of 9.32±0.34 g) were randomly distributed in 18 cylindrical tanks (20 fish per tank) with the working volume of 900 L. Each tank was randomly assigned to each of the experimental diets with 3 replications. The fish in each tank were fed with the respective diets for eight weeks and finally their growth indices and blood parameters were evaluated. The results showed that the final weight, daily growth coefficient and feed efficiency ratio of fish increased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratic (p<0.05) with increasing the vitamin E levels and reached the highest value in fish fed with 78.8 mg kg-1 vitamin E. Significant linear (p<0.05) and quadratic (p<0.05) increases in red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin content and hematocrit percentage were also determined by increasing in dietary vitamin E concentration. The percentage of neutrophils in fish blood reached the lowest level after feeding with the highest amount of vitamin E (137.0 mg kg-1 vitamin E) while the highest percentage of lymphocytes was recorded in fish fed with 78.8 mg kg-1 vitamin E. The findings of the present study showed that vitamin E could improve the performance and blood parameters of Caspian trout. The best level of vitamin E was estimated to be 82.16 mg kg-1 based on the daily growth coefficient and 102.98 mg kg-1 according to WBC number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the effects of probiotic (0 and 1) in rainbow trout fed with different levels of soybean meal (SBM; 0, 20 and 40%) were evaluated on hematological and immune indices. A total of 300 fry with average initial weight of 20.05 ± 0.20 g by density of 25 fish per tank assigned to 12 tanks for 90 days. Blood was taken from fish on days 0, 45 and 90, afterward hematological and immune indices were estimated. According to hematological results in day 45, fish fed with SBM 0 demonstrated greatest number of white blood cells and hematocrit among treatments (p < 0.05). In day 90, the highest number of red blood cells was found in SBM 0 and SBM 20% containing probiotic (p < 0.05). Number of white blood cells significantly increased by adding probiotic to different SBM levels (p < 0.05). Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations decreased in fish fed with SBM 40% (p < 0.05). In addition, there were interaction between SBM × probiotic in white blood cells on day 90 (p < 0.05). According to immunological results in day 45, neutrophil burst activity (NBT) was elevated by adding probiotic to SBM levels (p < 0.05). The IgM and C3 levels were significantly enhanced by adding probiotic to SBM 0 and SBM 20%. In day 90, the highest NBT value was observed in SBM 0 (probiotic 0 and 1) and SBM 20% containing probiotic among groups (p < 0.05). Addition of probiotic to SBM 0 and SBM 20% caused the elevated lysozyme, IgM, C3 and C4 values (p < 0.05). Furthermore, interaction between SBM levels and probiotic indicated significant effects on NBT after 90 days (p < 0.05). It could be revealed from the current study that L. plantarum compensated some adverse effects of SBM replacement on blood and immune indices by enhancing immunity, hence higher replacement of SBM is not suggested without using probiotic.

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is considered to be the most effective treatment option for weight reduction in obese patients. Abdominal obesity is frequently accompanied by metabolic syndrome (MS). Adipokines are cell signaling proteins that have direct impact upon the metabolic homeostasis. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery, including laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic gastric bypass (LRYGB) on the adipokine levels and metabolic profile as well as MS and status of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We analyzed anthropometric parameters, blood levels of adipokines, vitamins, lipids and inflammatory markers in 30 bariatric surgery patients with obesity of class II or III 1 month before and 1 year after surgery as well as in 60 obese patients from general practice (GP) and 15 patients with normal body mass (control). Results The BMI was significantly higher among patients before surgery and GP patients in comparison to control and post-surgery patients. The levels of glucose, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and hs-CRP were the highest in patients before surgery but decreased significantly after surgery, while the level of HDL-cholesterol increased after surgery. The levels of adiponectin increased and that of leptin decreased after surgery. The significant difference in the concentration of resistin was revealed between LSG and LRYGB methods. The relationship between resistin and vitamin D was also found. The patients with MS and T2D displayed significantly greater reduction in lipid markers and adipokine levels than the rest of patients. Conclusion Remarkable changes in levels of adipokines after bariatric surgery appear like increase in adiponectin and decrease in leptin levels. Significant improvement in anthropometric parameters, metabolic and inflammatory markers occurs, suggesting high potential for reduction of metabolic syndrome and risk for type 2 diabetes. We have shown for the first time ever that level of vitamin D may be involved in resistin regulation.

This study investigated the effects of varying levels of sprouted whole grain pearl millet (SPM) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, microbial count, and blood indices of broiler chickens. A maize–soybean meal basal diet was formulated and fed to broiler chickens as starter (0 to 21 d) and finisher (22 to 42 d) diets. The diets comprised of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of SPM incorporated as whole grain. On 0 d, 180 unsexed broiler chickens were allocated to experimental diets in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated three times; each replicate had 12 chicks. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric to meet the nutrient requirements of broiler chickens. Diets and water were provided ad libitum for 42 d. Results showed that the body weight gain (BWG) of broiler chickens on SPM compared favorably with those on the control diet. BWG showed trends in increment (P < 0.10) while FCR showed decreased trends (P < 0.10) with partial inclusion of SPM at 42 d and 0 to 42 d. The drumstick weight showed quadratic effect (P = 0.044) while the wing weight showed linear effect (P = 0.047) to treatment diets at 21 d. The liver weights of broiler chickens showed linear response (P = 0.018) at 21 d and (P = 0.004) at 42 d to SPM inclusion in diets. Sprouted whole PM consistently increased low-density lipoprotein concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05). Length and weight of small intestine and ceca showed decreasing trends on SPM levels in the treatment diets. Digesta pH assessment revealed that pH in the crop was lower (P < 0.05) on partial SPM while pH in proventriculus was reduced (P < 0.05) with inclusion of SPM in treatment diets. Lactobacilli count decreased linearly (P = 0.010) with SPM inclusion. This study suggests that SPM could be used as an alternative source of energy in production of broiler chickens. Therefore, partial replacement of maize with SPM in broiler diet had no negative effect on performance, physiological status, and overall health of broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the effects of cassava fiber meal (CFM) and Roxazyme® G2 supplementation on performance and haemato-biochemical indices of broiler chickens in a feeding trial that lasted for 56 days. A batch of 360 day-old male Arbor Acres chicks of mean weight 390±8.04 g was allotted to 12 dietary treatments of 5 replications of 6 birds to a replicate in a completely randomized design of 4 × 3 factorial treatments. The CFM was substituted for maize at 0, 20, 40, and 60% levels. Each level was supplemented with Roxazyme® G2 at 0, 100, and 200 mg kg-1. The growth performance, carcass traits, relative organ weights, and haemato-biochemical profile of the broiler chickens were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) procedures. Results showed that CFM up to 40% did not decrease weight gain but at 60% substitution level, weight gain decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the starter and finisher period. Broiler chickens fed diets containing 60% CFM had lower eviscerated weight but higher liver and kidney weights compared with those fed the control and up to 40% CFM in place of maize. Eosinophil and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are the haemato-biochemical parameters that were influenced (P<0.05) at higher CFM substitution with or without enzyme supplementation. The non-significant interaction in the performance and haematobiochemical parameters of the birds showed the independency of the two factors (CFM and Roxazyme® G2 supplementation) under consideration. CFM up to 40% substitution for maize with or without Roxazyme® G2 is safe as an energy source in broiler chicken diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the hemato-biochemical indices to determine the severity of inflammation caused by pyometra, and to determine the practical usage of the indices as a diagnostic biomarker in cases of pyometra. Animals that were admitted to Ankara University Veterinary Faculty Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic were included in the present study. Dogs suffering from pyometra were allocated to two groups according to their SIRS status (SIRS, n = 12; Non-SIRS (NSIRS, n = 16)). Healthy dogs presented for routine ovariohysterectomy were used as the control (n = 13). Blood samples were collected into two tubes containing EDTA for hematological analysis and without anticoagulant for biochemical tests before the beginning of treatment. Hemato-biochemical indices, which are Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), Neutrophil Percentage-Albumin Ratio (NPAR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, were calculated. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of the SPSS. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine the dog level threshold for evaluating the SIRS status and used to determine a predicted threshold with hemato-biochemical indices for differentiation between dogs with pyometra (regardless of SIRS status) and the control. Pairwise comparisons were carried out of the area under the curve (AUC) for thresholds of SII, NLR, PLR, MLR, NPAR. White blood cells, lymphocytes, monocyte, neutrophil, ALP, NLR, MLR, and NPAR levels were greater in dogs that suffer from SIRS (P < 0.05). Red blood cells and hematocrit levels were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). Albumin levels were higher in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, NLR, MLR and NPAR levels were found to be significantly higher in the SIRS group (P < 0.05). Besides, NLR and MLR were the best predictors for diagnosis of the SIRS with the AUC values of 0.936, and 0.966 respectively. Furthermore, NLR, MLR and SII could be a useful diagnostic tool for pyometra with the AUC values of 0.955, 0.931, 0.716. The blood indices could be used as fast, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the SIRS status in dogs with pyometra together with diagnosis. • Hematobiochemical indices are easily accessible, simple, and low-cost biomarkers. • √ NLR, MLR, and SII can be used as effectively for the diagnosis of pyometra in dogs. • √ NLR and MLR are the best predictors for the diagnosis of the SIRS in dogs that suffer from pyometra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to assess how Portulaca oleracea extract (POE) affected Japanese quail's growth, carcass features, blood parameters, digestibility coefficients, and microbiological aspects. A total of two hundred twenty-five 7-days-old Japanese quails were allotted into 5 experimental groups. Birds were divided as follows: group 1) received only the base diet (control), while groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received the basal feed supplied with 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mL POE/kg diet, respectively. The findings cleared those quails’ fed diets supplemented with POE had significantly (P > 0.01) higher body weight (BW) and body weight growth (BWG) than the control group. The treatment with POE significantly affected digestive enzymes (amylase and lipase) and digestion coefficients for ether extract (EE). The treated groups had decreased serum urea and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) concentrations than the control. All bacterial counts in dietary cecal samples declined with increasing POE levels. In conclusion, POE supplementation improved quails’ performance and nutrient digestibility. Moreover, POE did not harm birds' liver and kidney functions. In addition, this extract promoted the immunity and antioxidant status and minimized the harmful microbial load in quails' intestines, the total bacterial count was decreased by 90% in diet samples supplemented with purslane addition level (4 mL/g), while decreased by 74% in cecal samples supplemented with purslane addition level (4 mL/g) and Salmonella don't appear in all addition levels. However, lactic acid bacteria increased by 70%, indicating beneficial of POE in reducing the pathogenic microorganisms.

The giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, serves as a flagship species for biodiversity conservation, embodying the intersection of ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic forces shaping the natural world. Hematological parameters serve as crucial indicators for assessing the physiological status of animals. However, our understanding of blood parameters and hemorheology in captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions is limited. In this study, from September 2018 to August 2020, we collected blood samples from captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions. Twelve captive giant pandas, ranging in age from 2 to 28 years, were divided into three groups based on their age, and the variations in basic blood parameters and hemorheological parameters across four seasons were analyzed. This provided baseline data for future blood sample comparisons in non-anesthetized captive giant pandas. Additionally, we observed seasonal changes in hematological morphology, hemorheology, and serum enzymes. Moreover, seasonality had a regulatory effect on hemorheological parameters and negatively impacted blood viscosity. Age influenced changes in serum enzymes, serum protein content, and serum metabolites, indicating differences in overall metabolic processes among giant pandas of different age groups. Whether factors such as season and climate contribute to environmental stress in captive giant pandas requires further investigation. The findings of this study may help to protect the stability of the giant panda population better and provide a reference for the medical care of captive giant pandas.

Simple Summary: Intensive rearing of broiler chickens is accompanied with pathological processes occurring in muscle tissue that decrease meat quality. The application of common spices as feed additives for chickens may improve the birds' health and prevent the development of myopathies. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the effect of the dietary level of a phytobiotic composition on the production parameters, oxidative stress markers and myokine levels in the blood and pectoral muscle of broiler chickens. The composition consisted of red pepper fruit, white mustard seed, soapwort root, calamus rhizome, and thymol, and it was tested at two levels, i.e., 60 and 100 mg/kg diet. The results showed that dietary supplementation with phytobiotic composition at the level of 100 mg/kg diet improved feed efficiency in broiler chickens and might improve the quality and economy of broiler meat production. The plant constituents exerted their beneficial effects on meat via decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α concentration in pectoral muscle and increasing interleukin-6 content in the blood of chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary level of a phytobiotic composition (PBC) on production parameters, oxidative stress markers and cytokine levels in the blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens. The experiment was performed on 48 one-day-old female Ross 308 broiler chickens divided into three groups (n = 16) fed the control diet (without PBC), and a diet supplemented with 60 or 100 mg/kg of PBC. After 35 days of feeding, blood and breast muscle samples were collected for analyses. There was no effect on final body weight and feed intake but PBC addition (100 mg/kg) improved feed efficiency as compared to the control. Also, this dietary level of PBC contributed to an increase in interlukin-6 content in blood and a reduction in tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations in pectoral muscle in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, the addition of 100 mg/kg PBC improved the production parameters of broiler chickens and beneficially influenced the regeneration and protection of pectoral muscle against pathophysiological processes that may occur during intensive rearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feeding trial was conducted for 31 days to investigate whether dietary energy modifications using bile acid feed additive (Runeon®) affected broiler performance, carcass characteristics, blood indices, intestinal lipase activity, and broiler's meat quality. A total of 1200 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks (as hatch) were randomly distributed into three groups, each with five replicates (80 chicks/replicate). The first group was a control (T1) which fed a basal diet only. In the second group (T2), birds were fed the basal diet supplemented with bile acid (Runeon®) (on top application) at the rate of 200g/ton. In the third group (T3), birds were fed a basal diet reduced in energy requirements by 30kcal/kg and reformulated with 200g/ton of bile acid (Runeon ®). Birds' diets fortified with bile acid in (T2) or (T3) significantly (P≤0.05) improved body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) as compared to the control. The dressing%, breast, thigh, and drumstick yields were improved in T2 and T3 than in control. Supplementation of bile acid significantly (P≤0.05) reduced abdominal fat%, as well, blood cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL, and LDL concentrations, but increased total protein concentration (P≤0.05). Additionally, intestinal lipase levels significantly (P≤0.05) increased in groups fortified with bile acid (T2 and T3). Besides, chicken meat moisture% and fat% were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased in T3 compared to T1 and T2. Conclusively, dietary fortification of bile acid could improve growth performance, profitability, carcass traits, serum lipids profile, intestinal lipase secretion, and chicken meat quality in broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flaxseed and lupin seed were offered as an alternative dietary approach in dairy cows, through the partial substitution of soybean meal. Milk production and fertility traits were investigated. A total of 330 animals were allocated into two groups, treated (n = 176) and control (n = 154). From each group, 30 animals were selected for hematological and cytological studies. The experimental feeding period lasted for 81 days (25 days prepartum and 56 days postpartum). The control ration (group C) contained corn, barley, soybean meal, rapeseed cake, corn silage and lucerne hay; whereas, in the treatment group (group T), 50% of the soybean meal was replaced by an equal mixture of flaxseed and lupins. The two rations were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Milk samples were analyzed for chemical composition, somatic cell count (SCC) content and total colony forming units (CFU). Blood samples were collected, and serum was analyzed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), acute phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloid) and lipid oxidation indices, namely thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase activity. To assess polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) numbers, endometrial samples from each cow were collected on days 21 and 42. No difference was recorded between groups in milk yield (p > 0.05). In multiparous cows, NEFA (mMol/L) concentrations were significantly lower in group T than in group C on day 14 (p > 0.009) and on day 42 (p = 0.05), while no difference was detected in the group of primiparous cows. At all time points, serum TBARS and catalase values were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Multiparous cows in group T expressed the first postpartum estrus and conceived earlier than cows in group C (p ≤ 0.05). Between days 21 to 42 postpartum, the PMN reduction rate was higher in group T animals (p ≤ 0.05). Acute phase protein levels were in general lower in group T animals, and at specific time points differed significantly from group C (p ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that the partial replacement of soybean meal by flaxseed and lupins had no negative effect on milk yield or milk composition, and improved cow fertility; which, along with the lower cost of flaxseed and lupins mixture, may increase milk production profitability.

Today, due to the confirmation of the existence of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties in pomegranate peel, the study of its application potential in food health and fishery products has been the focus of researchers. In the present study, the effects of oral administration of ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) (Dose: 600 mg/kg) on functional changes of antioxidant system and biochemical parameters of blood serum of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during a 45-day exposure against stocking density stress was monitored. In this regard, fish were randomly divided into 6 groups (3 treatment groups and 3 control groups with different levels of stocking density (3, 5, and 10 kg / m³ ) and three replications. At the end of the exposure period, fish bloodletting and serum preparation were performed. The results of this study did not show a significant increase in biochemical parameters (phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, calcium, and triglycerides) as well as the activity level of some enzymes and antioxidant compounds such as SOD and MDA in fish serum compared to the control group. However, for stress indicators such as glucose and cholesterol and antioxidant activity such as CAT and GSH, production level has been significant. According to the findings, oral administration of pomegranate peel extract dietary supplement is recommended for consumption in dense aquaculture centers of common carp fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Broiler chickens have been consumed widely in many countries around the world because they can fulfill the nutritional needs of humans from meat. Antibiotics have been used in the broiler diet to reduce poultry pathogens and promote growth performance, but the overuse of antibiotics in the poultry industry has led to serious consequences for public health. Hence, probiotics are a safe and healthy alternative to antibiotics. Bacillus subtilis is a common probiotic bacteria supplement formulated as a healthy probiotic strain. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, relative organ weights, and serum biochemical indices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Bacillus subtilis and an antibiotic (Zinc bacitracin) in the diet of broilers on growth performance, organ weight, blood metabolites, and digestive enzymes of broiler chickens. A total of 600 1-d Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to five treatments. Each treatment consisted of six replicates with four pens, and each pen had five birds. The chicks were fed (1) the basal diet (control), (2) the basal diet with 500 mg/kg Zinc bacitracin (APZ), (3) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 1 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-1), (4) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 3 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-3), and (5) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 5 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-5). The experiment lasted for 42 days. In this study, the supplementation of diets with B. subtilis (B.Sut-3 and B.Sut-5 groups) increased body weight gain from 1 to 21 days compared with control (p < 0.05). Additionally, the B.Sut-3 group had a significantly heavier bursa of Fabricius than control at 21 days (p < 0.05). Serum total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were increased in B.Sut-5 and APZ groups (p < 0.05) over the whole period. Serum low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations were decreased in B.Sut-5 and APZ groups at 21 and 42 days (p < 0.05). Chicks in the B.Sut-5 and APZ groups had higher serum lipase, pepsin, and amylase activities (p < 0.05) at 21 and 42 days. From the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 at 5 × 108 CFU/g could be applied as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual wastes can be fermented by using probiotics to formulate a well-balanced diet for poultry. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented feed (FF) formulated by the supplementation of probiotics into corn by-products, on the production performance of laying hens. A total of 468 49-wk-old Hy-Line Brown chickens were randomly allocated into four treatments with 3 replicates, control group (basal diet), group I (4% FF, w/w), group II (8% FF, w/w), and antibiotic group (flavomycin, 50 mg/kg). Laying hens were housed in 3-tier cages (28 × 48 cm × 48 cm) and the temperature was maintained at 21 °C. The birds were fed 4.56 kg of feed to each group twice a day. Compared with the control group, the egg production and feed intake in the FF groups increased significantly. Egg weight in group I was higher than that of group II and antibiotic (P < 0.01) while that in group II was lower than control (P < 0.05). The feed-to-egg ratio of FF groups compared with control was decreased (P < 0.05). Eggshell strength and egg shape index in group II were decreased significantly when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Yolk color, albumen height (AH), and Haugh unit (HU) in FF groups were improved compared with the control group and antibiotic group (P < 0.01). Yolk triglyceride level was significantly reduced in group II, compared with group I. These results indicated that the FF has no adverse effects and has beneficial effects on production performance and egg quality parameters of laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of pre-treating Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) with different levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, hematology, and meat quality parameters of Jumbo quail was evaluated. Two-week-old quail chicks (n = 432; 239.6 ± 6.48 g live-weight) were randomly allocated to six diets formulated by incorporating (10% w/w) untreated MOLP (PEG0) or MOLP pre-treated with PEG at 2.5% (PEG25), 5% (PEG50), 7.5% (PEG75), and 10% (PEG100) (w/w) into a standard grower diet (CON). Overall feed intake linearly increased with PEG levels. At week 4, significant quadratic trends were recorded for weight gain and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) but, at week 5, FCE linearly declined as PEG levels increased. Hemoglobin, phosphorus, and albumin showed quadratic trends, while calcium and chroma (1 h post-mortem) linearly declined in response to PEG levels. Diet PEG50 promoted a higher shear force value (2.41) than diets PEG0 and PEG25. The PEG50 diet promoted a similar (p > 0.05) shear force as diet CON. Based on the quadratic response for weight gain, the optimal PEG pre-treatment level was calculated to be 5.9%. It was concluded that MOLP condensed tannins negatively affect growth performance and should be ameliorated to enhance the utility of this nutraceutical source for Jumbo quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sixteen-week study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of different herbal-mix feed additives (Moringa, Basil and Neem) on serological parameters, tibia bone characteristics and gut morphology of growing pigs. Eighty-one Large White breed of pigs with a mean weight of 15.35 ± 1.07 were grouped on weight equalization basis into three treatments with 9 replicates per treatment and 3 pigs per replicate in a completely randomized design. Pigs on treatment 1 were fed a ration without integration of herbal-mix feed additives, those in treatments 2 and 3 were offered a diet that contained moringa-basil leaf meal and neem-basil leaf meal respectively. Blood samples were collected from the experimental pigs on the 12th week of the study for the determination of serum levels, while 1 pig from each replicate group whose weight was close to the mean replicate weight was chosen at the end of the study, fasted for 12 hours, sacrificed and the small intestine and left tibia bone were harvested and used for gut and bone morphology evaluation. These data generated from the study were subjected to a 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that herbal-mix feed additives influenced some of the serological parameters, i.e., globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoproteins, and aspartate aminotransferase. These parameters decreased with integration of different herbal-mix in the pigs’ diets except high density lipoprotein that increased statistically. The tibia characteristics such as tibia breaking strength, medial thickness and lateral thickness were also positively impacted by the dietary inclusion of the herbal-mix. Likewise, the villus height of the jejunum was positively enhanced by dietary inclusion of the herbal-mix feed additives. This study concluded that herbal-mix feed additives can be utilized in pigs’ nutrition in enhancing some serological parameters, tibia bone and gut characteristics of growing pigs.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chlorella and germinated barley powder on the hematological and biochemical parameters of (Cyprinus carpio L.). An experiment was designed with five treatments; Groups included T1: Diet without any supplement (Control), T2: adding 5 % Chlorella/ kg diet, T3: adding 10 % Chlorella / kg diet, T4: adding 10 % germinated barely / kg diet, T5: adding 20 % germinated barely/ kg diet. At the end of the experiment, the hematological and Immunological parameters were measured. The results revealed that supplementation of Chlorella and germinated barley in diets in which T4 were higher significantly in each of hemoglobin and red blood corpuscles. T1 was significantly higher in the control. A different significance observed in each of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH). Significant variants observed in differential WBC count in T2 and T4 and Monocytes %, a significant difference seen among the treatments in each of Lymphocytes % and Granulocytes %. Significant differences occurred by adding the Chlorella and germinated barely in each Total protein, Alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST), Albumin and Globulin among treatments. A significant difference observed in the Hepatosomatic index and Gillsomatic index, T5 with 20 % germinated barely was differ significantly in each of Spleensomatic and Kidneysomatic Index. Based on the results, supplementation of Chlorella and germinated barley in diet can play a role in effecting on some blood and biochemical parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chlorella and germinated barley powder on the hematological and biochemical parameters of (Cyprinus carpio L.). An experiment was designed with five treatments; Groups included T1: Diet without any supplement (Control), T2: adding 5 % Chlorella/ kg diet, T3: adding 10 % Chlorella / kg diet, T4: adding 10 % germinated barely / kg diet, T5: adding 20 % germinatedbarely/ kg diet. At the end of the experiment, the hematological and Immunological parameters were measured. The results revealed that supplementation of Chlorellaand germinated barley in diets in which T4 were higher significantly in each of hemoglobin and red blood corpuscles. T1 was significantly higher in the control. A different significance observed in each of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH). Significant variants observed in differential WBC count in T2 and T4 and Monocytes %, a significant difference seen among the treatments in each of Lymphocytes % and Granulocytes %. Significant differences occurred by adding the Chlorella and germinated barely in each Total protein, Alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST), Albumin and Globulin among treatments. A significant difference observed in the Hepatosomatic index and Gillsomatic index, T5 with 20 % germinatedbarely was differ significantly in each of Spleensomatic and Kidneysomatic Index. Based on the results, supplementation of Chlorellaand germinated barley in diet can play a role in effecting on some blood and biochemical parameters.

Introduction: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2-CoV-2) viral outbreak in Wuhan (China) caused thousands of confirmed cases and deaths around the world. Severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and death are the ultimate consequence of infection. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the regularly performed standard laboratory parameters that can assist in COVID-19 case identification and establish an effective approach to help care and management of (COVID-19) patients. Methodology: COVID-19 (n = 129) patients were hospitalized in the Suez Canal University Hospital and were retrospectively examined. Laboratory parameters were gathered from patients upon admission (n = 129) during the period from the 20th of June to 15th of August 2020. SARS-CoV-2 cases were diagnosed clinically and radiologically by chest Computed Tomography (CT) and confirmed by RT-PCR. Results: The results showed that COVID-19 survivors exhibited lower hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT), while showed higher Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocytes. Logistic regression analysis showed that age greater than 60 years old, neutrophilia and high NLR were associated with more deaths. Conclusion: Monitoring of lymphopenia, neutrophilia and NLR may help categorizing patients who may need Intensive care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]