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BACKGROUND: Phenols and parabens are two classes of high production volume chemicals that are used widely in consumer and personal care products and have been associated with reproductive harm and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, studies examining their influence on maternal blood pressure and gestational hypertension are limited. OBJECTIVES: We investigated associations between individual phenols, parabens, and their mixture on maternal blood pressure measurements, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and hypertension during pregnancy (defined as stage 1 or 2 hypertension), among N = 1,433 Puerto Rico PROTECT study participants. METHODS: We examined these relationships cross-sectionally at two time points during pregnancy (16-20 and 24-28 wks gestation) and longitudinally using linear mixed models (LMMs). Finally, we used quantile g-computation to examine the mixture effect on continuous (SBP, DBP) and binary (hypertension during pregnancy) blood pressure outcomes. RESULTS: We observed a trend of higher odds of hypertension during pregnancy with exposure to multiple analytes and the overall mixture [including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), triclocarbon (TCC), triclosan (TCS), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), methyl paraben (M-PB), propyl paraben (P-PB), butyl paraben (B-PB), and ethyl paraben (E-PB)], especially at 24-28 wk gestation, with an adjusted mixture oddsratio(OR) = 1:57 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.38). Lower SBP and higher DBP were also associated with individual analytes, with results from LMMs most consistent for methyl paraben (M-PB) or propyl paraben (P-PB) and increased DBP across pregnancy [adjusted M-PB [beta] = 0:78 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.38) and adjusted P-PB [beta] = 0:85 (95% CI: 0.19, 1.51)] and for BPA, which was associated with decreased SBP (adjusted [beta]= -0:57; 95% CI: -1:09, -0:05). Consistent with other literature, we also found evidence of effect modification by fetal sex, with a strong inverse association observed between the overall exposure mixture and SBP at visit 1 among participants carrying female fetuses only. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that phenol and paraben exposure may collectively increase the risk of stage 1 or 2 hypertension during pregnancy, which has important implications for fetal and maternal health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008, Introduction Phenols and parabens are two classes of high production volume chemicals that are ubiquitous in consumer and personal care products (1,2) and have been associated with reproductive and developmental [...]

Background Cardiovascular (CV) complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children after kidney transplantation (KTx). In adults, central blood pressure (cBP) is an accepted predictor of CV sequelae. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of cBP over peripheral blood pressure (pBP) for existing CV damage. Methods We measured cBP and pBP in 48 pediatric KTx recipients (mean age: 13.5 ± 4.2 years). Assessment of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) allowed detection of CV target organ damage. LVMI and PWV were used as endpoints in multivariable linear regression models, in which cBP and pBP were compared for their predictive value. Results Using cBP z-scores, we identified a larger number of patients with uncontrolled or untreated hypertension compared to pBP (36% vs. 7%). Central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) was a significant independent predictor of LVMI, while peripheral systolic blood pressure (pSBP) was not. Comparing central (cDBP) and peripheral (pDBP) diastolic blood pressure for their predictive value on PWV revealed a greater estimate for cDBP (0.035 vs. 0.026 for pDBP) along with a slightly better model fit for cDBP. Conclusions Our data in a small group of patients provide first evidence that cBP measurements in pediatric KTx recipients might be helpful in identifying patients at risk for the development of CV sequelae. Investigating a larger patient number, ideally repeatedly, is needed to create further evidence supporting our findings. In light of available devices measuring cBP noninvasively, the implementation of such clinical studies post-KTx care should be feasible. Graphical abstract, Author(s): Anne-Sophie Greiner [sup.1] , Jeannine von der Born [sup.1] , Lena Kohlmeier [sup.1] , Carl Grabitz [sup.1] , Elena Bauer [sup.1] , Nima Memaran [sup.1] , Rizky Indrameikha Sugianto [...]

Cannabidiol (CBD) can exert neuroprotective effects without being intoxicating, and in combination with [[DELTA].sup.9]-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) CBD has shown to protect against THC psychosis. Acute concussion and post- concussion syndrome (PCS) can result in autonomic dysfunction in heart rate variability (HRV), but less information is available on blood pressure variability (BPV). Furthermore, the effects of phytocannabinoids on HRV and BPV in PCS are unknown. The purpose of this study was to observe the influence of daily administration of CBD or a combination of CBD and THC on HRV and BPV parameters in four female PCS participants. Participants completed a seated 5-min rest followed by six breaths-per-minute paced breathing protocol. Data was collected prior to phytocannabinoid intake and continued over 54 to 70 days. High frequency systolic BPV parameter increased every assessment period, unless altered due to external circumstances and symptoms. HRV parameters showed less consistent and varying responses. These results suggest that CBD can help to improve the altered autonomic dysfunction in those with PCS, and that responses to the drug administration was individualized. Double blinded, randomized controlled trials with greater sample sizes are required to better understand the influences of the varying dosages on human physiology and in PCS. Key words: cannabidiol, concussion, post-concussion syndrome, blood pressure variability. Le cannabidiol (CBD) peut produire des effets neuroprotecteurs sans intoxication, et en association avec le [[DELTA].sup.9]-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on a montre que le CBD peut offrir une protection contre la psychose liee au THC. La commotion cerebrale aigue et le syndrome post-commotion cerebrale (SPCC) peuvent entrainer un dysfonctionnement autonomique quant a la variabilite de la frequence cardiaque (VFC), mais la variabilite de la tension arterielle (VTA) est moins bien documentee. En outre, on ne connait pas les effets des phytocannabinoides sur la VFC et la VTA dans le SPCC. Cette etude avait pour but d'observer l'influence de l'administration quotidienne de CBD seul ou en association avec le THC sur des parametres de la VFC et de la VTA chez quatre participantes presentant un SPCC. Les participantes se sont pliees a un repos en position assise de 5 minutes suivi d'un protocole respiratoire a une cadence de 6 respirations par minute. Nous avons recueilli les donnees avant l'absorption d'un phytocannabinoide et poursuivi sur 54 a 70 jours. Les parametres de hautes frequences des quant a la VTA systolique augmentaient a toutes les periodes d'evaluation, a moins d'etre modifiees en raison de circonstances externes et de symptomes. Les parametres de la VFC se sont montres moins constants avec des reactions moins variables. Ces resultats laissent entendre que le CBD pourrait contribuer a attenuer le dysfonctionnement autonomique chez les sujets presentant un SPCC, et que les reactions a l'administration du medicament seraient differentes d'un sujet a l'autre. Il faudrait proceder a des essais controles a double insu avec repartition aleatoire sur de plus grands echantillons pour mieux comprendre les influences des divers protocoles d'administration sur la physiologie humaine et dans le SPCC. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: cannabidiol, commotion cerebrale, syndrome post-commotion cerebrale, variabilite de la tension arterielle., Introduction Cannabidiol (CBD) has received increased attention for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects (Devinsky et al. 2014) due to its non-intoxicating medicinal properties. [[DELTA].sup.9]- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is another major compound [...]

This paper aimed to systematically review the results of observational studies that investigated the association of dietary patterns with blood pressure and body adiposity markers in adolescents. Articles were searched in July 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Of the 3408 studies found, 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. Almost all studies (n = 23) identified at least one unhealthy pattern, predominantly characterized as consumption of confectionery, refined grains, sweets, sweetened drinks, red meats, and processed meats. Fourteen of the twenty-four studies found a significant association between any dietary pattern and blood pressure and/or body adiposity markers. There was a positive association of dietary patterns - characterized by the consumption of foods rich in sodium, animal fat, refined carbohydrates, and low in fiber - with increased blood pressure and body adiposity. Our findings highlight the importance of studies with this scope, whose results can support the surveillance of adolescent's health. However, considering the limited number of studies that found a significant association and their limitations, the present results should be interpreted carefully. More prospective studies are needed to determine how adherence to dietary patterns could influence blood pressure and body adiposity markers in the long term., Author(s): Morgana Egle Alves Neves [sup.1] [sup.2] , Marielly Rodrigues de Souza [sup.1] [sup.2] , Bartira Mendes Gorgulho [sup.1] [sup.2] , Diana Barbosa Cunha [sup.3] [sup.4] , Ana Paula Muraro [...]