126 results on '"Blyde D"'
Search Results
2. Disease risk analysis in sea turtles: A baseline study to inform conservation efforts
- Author
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Mashkour, N., Jones, K., Kophamel, S., Hipolito, T., Ahasan, S., Walker, G., Jakob-Hoff, R., Whittaker, M., Hamann, M., Bell, I., Elliman, J., Owens, L., Saladin, C., Crespo-Picazo, J.L., Gardner, B., Loganathan, A.L., Bowater, R., Young, E., Robinson, D., Baverstock, W., Blyde, D., March, D., Eghbali, M., Mohammadi, M., Freggi, D., Giliam, J., Hale, M., Nicolle, N., Spiby, K., Wrobel, D., Parga, M., Mobaraki, A., Rajakaruna, R., Hyland, K.P., Read, M., Ariel, E., Mashkour, N., Jones, K., Kophamel, S., Hipolito, T., Ahasan, S., Walker, G., Jakob-Hoff, R., Whittaker, M., Hamann, M., Bell, I., Elliman, J., Owens, L., Saladin, C., Crespo-Picazo, J.L., Gardner, B., Loganathan, A.L., Bowater, R., Young, E., Robinson, D., Baverstock, W., Blyde, D., March, D., Eghbali, M., Mohammadi, M., Freggi, D., Giliam, J., Hale, M., Nicolle, N., Spiby, K., Wrobel, D., Parga, M., Mobaraki, A., Rajakaruna, R., Hyland, K.P., Read, M., and Ariel, E.
- Abstract
The impact of a range of different threats has resulted in the listing of six out of seven sea turtle species on the IUCN Red List of endangered species. Disease risk analysis (DRA) tools are designed to provide objective, repeatable and documented assessment of the disease risks for a population and measures to reduce these risks through management options. To the best of our knowledge, DRAs have not previously been published for sea turtles, although disease is reported to contribute to sea turtle population decline. Here, a comprehensive list of health hazards is provided for all seven species of sea turtles. The possible risk these hazards pose to the health of sea turtles were assessed and “One Health” aspects of interacting with sea turtles were also investigated. The risk assessment was undertaken in collaboration with more than 30 experts in the field including veterinarians, microbiologists, social scientists, epidemiologists and stakeholders, in the form of two international workshops and one local workshop. The general finding of the DRA was the distinct lack of knowledge regarding a link between the presence of pathogens and diseases manifestation in sea turtles. A higher rate of disease in immunocompromised individuals was repeatedly reported and a possible link between immunosuppression and environmental contaminants as a result of anthropogenic influences was suggested. Society based conservation initiatives and as a result the cultural and social aspect of interacting with sea turtles appeared to need more attention and research. A risk management workshop was carried out to acquire the insights of local policy makers about management options for the risks relevant to Queensland and the options were evaluated considering their feasibility and effectiveness. The sea turtle DRA presented here, is a structured guide for future risk assessments to be used in specific scenarios such as translocation and head-starting programs.
- Published
- 2020
3. Coccidiosis in green turtles (Chelonia Mydas) in Australia: Pathogenesis, spatial and temporal distribution, and climate-related determinants of disease outbreaks
- Author
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de Gouvea Pedroso, S.B., Phalen, D.N., Terkildsen, M., Blyde, D., March, D.T., Gordon, A.N., Chapman, P.A., Mills, P.C., Owen, H., Gillett, A., Lloyd, H.B., Ross, G.A., Hall, J., Scott, J., Ariel, E., Yang, R., Rose, K.A., de Gouvea Pedroso, S.B., Phalen, D.N., Terkildsen, M., Blyde, D., March, D.T., Gordon, A.N., Chapman, P.A., Mills, P.C., Owen, H., Gillett, A., Lloyd, H.B., Ross, G.A., Hall, J., Scott, J., Ariel, E., Yang, R., and Rose, K.A.
- Abstract
An epizootic of coccidiosis in free-ranging green turtles (Chelonia mydas) occurred in Australia in 1991 and the parasites were thought to be Caryospora cheloniae. Recurring outbreaks over an increased geographic range followed. We used medical records and temporal and spatial data of turtles diagnosed with coccidiosis between 1991 and 2014 to characterize the disease and factors associated with outbreaks. Most affected animals were subadults or older. Neurologic signs with intralesional cerebral coccidia were observed. Coccidia associated with inflammation and necrosis were predominantly found in the intestine, brain, kidney, and thyroid. Cases occurred in the spring and summer. Three major outbreaks (1991, 2002, and 2014) were concentrated in Port Stephens, New South Wales (NSW) and Moreton Bay, Queensland, but cases occurred as far south as Sydney, NSW. Coccidiosis cases were more likely during, or 1 mo prior to, El Niño-like events. Molecular characterization of the 18S rRNA locus of coccidia from tissues of 10 green turtles collected in 2002 and 2004 in Port Stevens and Sydney imply that they were Schellackia-like organisms. Two genotypes were identified. The Genotype 3 sequence was most common (in eight of 10 turtles), with 98.8% similarity to the 18S sequence of Schellackia orientalis. The Genotype 4 sequence was less common (in two of 10 turtles) with 99.7% similarity to the 18S sequence of the most common genotype (Genotype 1) detected in turtles from the 2014 Moreton Bay outbreak. Our study will help with the identification and management of future outbreaks and provide tools for identification of additional disease patterns in green turtles.
- Published
- 2020
4. Influence of exercise and fasting on blood parameters in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas): implications for health assessments
- Author
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March, D., primary, Ariel, E., additional, Blyde, D., additional, Christidis, L., additional, and Kelaher, B.P., additional
- Published
- 2021
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5. Effects of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate on water transport across the marsupial erythrocyte membrane
- Author
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Benga, G., Chapman, B., Matei, H., Gallagher, C., Blyde, D., and Kuchel, P.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. An investigation into the similarities and differences governing the cryopreservation success of koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus: goldfuss) and common wombat ( Vombatus ursinus: shaw) spermatozoa
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Johnston, S.D., MacCallum, C., Blyde, D., McClean, R., Lisle, A., and Holt, W.V.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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7. The use of echocardiography as a health assessment tool in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas)
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March, DT, primary, Marshall, K, additional, Swan, G, additional, Gerlach, T, additional, Smith, H, additional, Blyde, D, additional, Ariel, E, additional, Christidis, L, additional, and Kelaher, BP, additional
- Published
- 2020
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8. Brucellosis associated with stillbirth in a bottlenose dolphin in Australia
- Author
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Mackie, JT, primary, Blyde, D, additional, Harris, L, additional, Roe, WD, additional, and Keyburn, AL, additional
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- 2020
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9. Physiological changes in post-hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas) following short-term fasting: implications for release protocols.
- Author
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Cooke, S, March, DT, Ariel, E, Munns, S, Rudd, D, Blyde, D, Christidis, L, Kelaher, BP, Cooke, S, March, DT, Ariel, E, Munns, S, Rudd, D, Blyde, D, Christidis, L, and Kelaher, BP
- Abstract
Relocation of sea turtle nests and the retention of post-hatchlings for head-starting programs are both commonly used to improve conservation outcomes and facilitate eco-tourism ventures. Currently, there is little literature surrounding the husbandry protocols required during these programs to optimize post-release outcomes. To assess the impact of varied feeding regimes on exercise performance, (which will hereafter be referred to as 'fitness'), 40 10-month-old captive post-hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were divided into four groups of 10 and fasted for either 3, 9, 10 or 15 h. The animals were then subjected to a fitness test via repetitive use of the 'righting reflex' on land. Health assessments were conducted prior to the fitness test, including; heart rate, haematocrit (Hct), heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and the measurement of 11 biochemical analytes, including pH, partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PvCO2) and oxygen (PvO2), lactate, bicarbonate (HCO3 -), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), ionized calcium (iCa2+), glucose and urea. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons and significant differences among groups were demonstrated for temperature, pH, HCO3 -, iCa2+, urea and lactate. To investigate physiological relationships between analytes, correlation coefficients were calculated between fitness and glucose, fitness and lactate, glucose and lactate, pH and iCa2+, pH and K+, pH and PvCO2, pH and HCO3 - and Hct and K+. Following correction for multiple comparisons, significant relationships were seen between pH and iCa2+ and pH and HCO3 -. Post-hatchling turtles appear to enter a catabolic state when exposed to short-term fasting. While this did not have a direct impact on fitness, the production of an intense energetic output from a catabolic state may induce a physiological debt. This study suggests that handling that induces a physical response should be minimized and animals should be fed within 10 h of release.
- Published
- 2019
10. Epizootics of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in captive rays from Queensland, Australia
- Author
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Bowater, R. O., Dennis, M. M., Blyde, D., Stone, B., Barnes, A. C., Delamare-Deboutteville, J., Horton, M. A., White, M., Condon, K., Jones, R., Bowater, R. O., Dennis, M. M., Blyde, D., Stone, B., Barnes, A. C., Delamare-Deboutteville, J., Horton, M. A., White, M., Condon, K., and Jones, R.
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe two epizootics of high mortalities from infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, occurring in captive rays held in a marine display aquarium in south-east Queensland, Australia, in 2009 and 2010. Five different species of rays were affected, including mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata), estuary rays (Dasyatis fluviorum), eastern shovelnose rays (Aptychotrema rostrata), white-spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and blue-spotted mask rays (Neotrygon kuhlii). This report describes the history of both epizootics including collection, quarantine and husbandry of rays, the disease epizootics, clinico-pathological features of the disease, antimicrobial therapy, autogenous vaccine production, and laboratory studies including clinical and histopathology, bacteriology, PCR, molecular serotyping and sequencing of the bacterium S. agalactiae.
- Published
- 2018
11. The use of echocardiography as a health assessment tool in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas).
- Author
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March, DT, Marshall, K, Swan, G, Gerlach, T, Smith, H, Blyde, D, Ariel, E, Christidis, L, and Kelaher, BP
- Subjects
GREEN turtle ,ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,PULMONARY artery ,SEA turtles ,BLOOD testing ,SINUS of valsalva - Abstract
There are limited techniques available to assess the health of sea turtles as physical examination has little correlation to clinical findings, and blood reference intervals are broad and provide limited prognostic significance. Advances in the portability of ultrasound machines allow echocardiography to be increasingly used in the health assessments of wild animals. This study performed blood analysis and echocardiograms on 11 green sea turtles upon admission to a rehabilitation clinic and six animals before release. Significant differences were seen between groups, with admission animals having significantly smaller diameters of the cavum arteriosum at systole and diastole, smaller E‐waves and an increased fractional shortening. Pre‐release animals displayed significant increases in the maximum blood velocities of both the pulmonary artery and the left aorta. Significant negative correlations were seen between fractional shortening and uric acid and between the velocity time integral of the pulmonary artery and urea. The pulmonary artery velocity time integral was also significantly correlated to the E wave. Furthermore, there was asynchrony between the cavum arteriosum and the cavum pulmonale and the detection of a parasitic granuloma in the ventricular outflow tract of one animal. Overall, the results suggest that cardiac function in stranded green sea turtles is significantly impaired and that echocardiography has applications in the health assessments of green sea turtles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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12. Epizootics ofStreptococcus agalactiaeinfection in captive rays from Queensland, Australia
- Author
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Bowater, R O, primary, Dennis, M M, additional, Blyde, D, additional, Stone, B, additional, Barnes, A C, additional, Delamare-Deboutteville, J, additional, Horton, M A, additional, White, M, additional, Condon, K, additional, and Jones, R, additional
- Published
- 2017
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13. Health and Disease
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Barnes, T. S., Palmieri, Chiara, Blyde, D., and Ellis, W.
- Subjects
immunology ,disease ,health ,Tasmanian devil ,macropod ,health, disease, immunology, Tasmanian devil, macropod - Published
- 2015
14. Effect of cryopreservation on the sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
- Author
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Sánchez-Calabuig, M. J., López-Fernández, C., Johnston, S. D., Blyde, D., Cooper, Jon, Harrison, K., De la Fuente, José, Gosálvez, J., Sánchez-Calabuig, M. J., López-Fernández, C., Johnston, S. D., Blyde, D., Cooper, Jon, Harrison, K., De la Fuente, José, and Gosálvez, J.
- Abstract
Contents Sperm DNA fragmentation is one of the major causes of infertility; the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt) evaluates this parameter and offers the advantage of species-specific validated protocol and ease of use under field conditions. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics in both fresh and post-thaw bottlenose dolphin sperm using the SCDt following different cryopreservation protocols to gain new information about the post-thaw differential sperm DNA longevity in this species. Fresh and cryopreserved semen samples from five bottlenose dolphins were examined for sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics using the SCDt (Halomax®). Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed immediately at collection and following cryopreservation (T0) and then after 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation at 37°C. Serially collected ejaculates from four dolphins were frozen using different cryopreservation protocols in a TES-TRIS-fructose buffer (TTF), an egg-yolk-free vegetable lipid LP1 buffer (LP1) and human sperm preservation medium (HSPM). Fresh ejaculated spermatozoa initially showed low levels of DNA fragmentation for up to 48 h. Lower Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was found in the second fresh ejaculate compared to the first when more than one sample was collected on the same day (p < 0.05); this difference was not apparent in any other seminal characteristic. While there was no difference observed in SDF between fresh and frozen-thawed sperm using the different cryopreservation protocols immediately after thawing (T0), frozen-thawed spermatozoa incubated at 37°C showed an increase in the rate of SDF after 24 h. Sperm frozen in the LP1{sound recording copyright} buffer had higher levels (p < 0.05) of DNA fragmentation after 24- and 48-h incubation than those frozen in TTF or HSPM. No correlation was found between any seminal characteristic and DNA fragmentation in either fresh and/or frozen-thawed samples. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag G
- Published
- 2015
15. Epizootics of <italic>Streptococcus agalactiae</italic> infection in captive rays from Queensland, Australia.
- Author
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Bowater, R. O., Dennis, M. M., Blyde, D., Stone, B., Barnes, A. C., Delamare‐deboutteville, J., Horton, M. A., White, M., Condon, K., and Jones, R.
- Subjects
COMMUNICABLE diseases in animals ,ANIMAL mortality ,STREPTOCOCCUS agalactiae ,CLINICAL pathology ,ANTI-infective agents ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe two epizootics of high mortalities from infection with
Streptococcus agalactiae , occurring in captive rays held in a marine display aquarium in south‐east Queensland, Australia, in 2009 and 2010. Five different species of rays were affected, including mangrove whiprays(Himantura granulata) , estuary rays (Dasyatis fluviorum), eastern shovelnose rays(Aptychotrema rostrata) , white‐spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and blue‐spotted mask rays (Neotrygon kuhlii) . This report describes the history of both epizootics including collection, quarantine and husbandry of rays, the disease epizootics, clinico‐pathological features of the disease, antimicrobial therapy, autogenous vaccine production, and laboratory studies including clinical and histopathology, bacteriology, PCR, molecular serotyping and sequencing of the bacteriumS. agalactiae . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Effect of Cryopreservation on the Sperm DNA Fragmentation Dynamics of the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus )
- Author
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Sánchez-Calabuig, MJ, primary, López-Fernández, C, additional, Johnston, SD, additional, Blyde, D, additional, Cooper, J, additional, Harrison, K, additional, de la Fuente, J, additional, and Gosálvez, J, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Validation of a field based chromatin dispersion assay to assess sperm DNA fragmentation in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
- Author
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Martínez-Nevado, Eva [0000-0002-8994-4205], Sánchez-Calabuig, M. J., López-Fernández, C., Martínez-Nevado, Eva, Pérez-Gutiérrez, J. F., De la Fuente, José, Johnston, S. D., Blyde, D., Harrison, K., Gosálvez, J., Martínez-Nevado, Eva [0000-0002-8994-4205], Sánchez-Calabuig, M. J., López-Fernández, C., Martínez-Nevado, Eva, Pérez-Gutiérrez, J. F., De la Fuente, José, Johnston, S. D., Blyde, D., Harrison, K., and Gosálvez, J.
- Abstract
Over the last two decades, there have been significant advances in the use of assisted reproductive technology for genetic and reproductive management of captive dolphin populations, including evaluation of sperm DNA quality. This study validated a customized sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt) for the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) as a means of assessing sperm DNA damage both in the field and in the laboratory. After performing the SCDt, two different sperm morphotypes were identified (i) sperm with fragmented DNA showed large haloes of dispersed DNA fragments emerging from a compact sperm nucleoid core and (ii) sperm containing non-fragmented DNA displayed small compact haloes surrounded by a dense core of non-dispersed DNA and protein complex. Estimates of sperm DNA fragmentation by means of SCDt were directly comparable to results obtained following a two-tailed comet assay and showed a significant degree of correlation (r = 0.961; p < 0.001). This investigation also revealed that the SCDt, with minor modifications to the standard protocol, can be successfully conducted in the field using a LED florescence microscopy obtaining a high correlation (r = 0.993; p = 0.01) between the data obtained in the laboratory and in the field. © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
- Published
- 2014
18. Validation of a Field Based Chromatin Dispersion Assay to Assess Sperm DNA Fragmentation in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
- Author
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Sánchez‐Calabuig, M‐J, primary, López‐Fernández, C, additional, Martínez‐Nevado, E, additional, Pérez‐Gutiérrez, JF, additional, de la Fuente, J, additional, Johnston, SD, additional, Blyde, D, additional, Harrison, K, additional, and Gosálvez, J, additional
- Published
- 2014
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19. Effects of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate on water transport across the marsupial erythrocyte membrane
- Author
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Blyde D, Philip W. Kuchel, Gh. Benga, Horea Matei, Bogdan E. Chapman, and C.H. Gallagher
- Subjects
Cell Membrane Permeability ,Physiology ,Wallabia bicolor ,Biochemistry ,Diffusion ,Endocrinology ,Animals ,Incubation ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Macropus ,Marsupial ,Macropodidae ,Water transport ,biology ,Erythrocyte Membrane ,Sulfhydryl Reagents ,Water ,Biological Transport ,biology.organism_classification ,Membrane ,Marsupialia ,Permeability (electromagnetism) ,Reagent ,Biophysics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate - Abstract
The effects of exposure of red blood cells (RBC) of three species of marsupial to a mercury-containing sulfhydryl-modifying reagent, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS), on the water diffusional permeability (P d ) of their membranes were monitored by using an Mn2+-doping 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique at 400 MHz. For koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), RBC the maximal inhibition was reached at 37 °C in 60 min with 1 mmol.l–1 PCMBS or in 15–30 min with 2 mmol. l–1 PCMBS. In contrast, in the case of red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) or swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) RBC, maximal inhibition required an incubation of 90 min at 37 °C with 2 mmol.l–1 PCMBS. For the RBC of all three species the value of maximal inhibition was very high, being 50–70% when measured at 25 °C, 60–80% at 30 °C and 60–70% at 37 °C. The lowest values of P d appeared to be around 2×10–3–3×10–3 cm.s–1 in the temperature range of 25–37 °C. The mean value of the activation energy of water diffusion (E a,d ) was ~20–25 kJ.mol–1 for control and ~40 kJ.mol–1 for PCMBS-inhibited RBCs. These results show that marsupial RBC have a basal permeability to water similar to that previously reported for human RBC, but a higher value of the PCMBS-inhibitable water permeability. This indicates that the higher water permeability of marsupial RBC compared with human RBC is associated with a higher fraction of protein-mediated water permeability.
- Published
- 2002
20. Natural outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infection in wild giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), and other wild fish in northern Queensland, Australia
- Author
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Bowater, R. O., Forbes-Faulkner, J., Anderson, I. G., Condon, K., Robinson, B., Kong, F., Gilbert, G. L., Reynolds, A., Hyland, S., McPherson, G., Brien, J. O., Blyde, D., Bowater, R. O., Forbes-Faulkner, J., Anderson, I. G., Condon, K., Robinson, B., Kong, F., Gilbert, G. L., Reynolds, A., Hyland, S., McPherson, G., Brien, J. O., and Blyde, D.
- Abstract
Ninety-three giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), were found dead in Queensland, Australia, from 2007 to 2011. Most dead fish occurred in northern Queensland, with a peak of mortalities in Cairns in June 2008. In 2009, sick wild fish including giant sea catfish, Arius thalassinus (Ruppell), and javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier), also occurred in Cairns. In 2009 and 2010, two disease epizootics involving wild stingrays occurred at Sea World marine aquarium. Necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology and PCR determined that the cause of deaths of 12 giant Queensland grouper, three wild fish, six estuary rays, Dasyatis fluviorum (Ogilby), one mangrove whipray, Himantura granulata (Macleay), and one eastern shovelnose ray, Aptychotrema rostrata (Shaw), was Streptococcus agalactiae septicaemia. Biochemical testing of 34 S.agalactiae isolates from giant Queensland grouper, wild fish and stingrays showed all had identical biochemical profiles. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates confirmed all isolates were S.agalactiae; genotyping of selected S.agalactiae isolates showed the isolates from giant Queensland grouper were serotype Ib, whereas isolates from wild fish and stingrays closely resembled serotype II. This is the first report of S.agalactiae from wild giant Queensland grouper and other wild tropical fish and stingray species in Queensland, Australia.
- Published
- 2012
21. Natural outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infection in wild giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), and other wild fish in northern Queensland, Australia
- Author
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Bowater, R.O., Forbes-Faulkner, J.C., Anderson, I.G., Condon, K., Robinson, B., Kong, F., Gilbert, G.L., Reynolds, A., Hyland, S., McPherson, Greg R., Brien, J.O., Blyde, D., Bowater, R.O., Forbes-Faulkner, J.C., Anderson, I.G., Condon, K., Robinson, B., Kong, F., Gilbert, G.L., Reynolds, A., Hyland, S., McPherson, Greg R., Brien, J.O., and Blyde, D.
- Abstract
Ninety-three giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), were found dead in Queensland, Australia, from 2007 to 2011. Most dead fish occurred in northern Queensland, with a peak of mortalities in Cairns in June 2008. In 2009, sick wild fish including giant sea catfish, Arius thalassinus (Ruppell), and javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier), also occurred in Cairns. In 2009 and 2010, two disease epizootics involving wild stingrays occurred at Sea World marine aquarium. Necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology and PCR determined that the cause of deaths of 12 giant Queensland grouper, three wild fish, six estuary rays, Dasyatis fluviorum (Ogilby), one mangrove whipray, Himantura granulata (Macleay), and one eastern shovelnose ray, Aptychotrema rostrata (Shaw), was Streptococcus agalactiae septicaemia. Biochemical testing of 34 S.agalactiae isolates from giant Queensland grouper, wild fish and stingrays showed all had identical biochemical profiles. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates confirmed all isolates were S.agalactiae; genotyping of selected S.agalactiae isolates showed the isolates from giant Queensland grouper were serotype Ib, whereas isolates from wild fish and stingrays closely resembled serotype II. This is the first report of S.agalactiae from wild giant Queensland grouper and other wild tropical fish and stingray species in Queensland, Australia.
- Published
- 2012
22. Studies of male reproduction in the Greater Bilby Macrotis lagotis
- Author
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Johnston, Steve, Rumph, C., Lucht, M., Stenzel, Deborah, Nicholson, Vere, Blyde, D., Keeley, Tamara, Johnston, Steve, Rumph, C., Lucht, M., Stenzel, Deborah, Nicholson, Vere, Blyde, D., and Keeley, Tamara
- Published
- 2010
23. 170 ASSESSMENT OF FRESH AND FROZEN - THAWED BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) SPERM DNA FRAGMENTATION USING THE SPERM CHROMATIN DISPERSION TEST
- Author
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Sanchez-Calabuig, M. J., primary, de la Fuente, J., additional, Beltrán-Breña, P., additional, Martinez-Nevado, E., additional, Perez-Gutierrez, J. F., additional, Blyde, D., additional, Johnston, S., additional, Harrison, K., additional, Lopez-Fernandez, C., additional, and Gosalvez, J., additional
- Published
- 2013
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24. Intestinal Volvulus in Cetaceans
- Author
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Begeman, L., primary, Leger, J. A. St., additional, Blyde, D. J., additional, Jauniaux, T. P., additional, Lair, S., additional, Lovewell, G., additional, Raverty, S., additional, Seibel, H., additional, Siebert, U., additional, Staggs, S. L., additional, Martelli, P., additional, and Keesler, R. I., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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25. Natural outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infection in wild giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), and other wild fish in northern Queensland, Australia
- Author
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Bowater, R O, primary, Forbes-Faulkner, J, additional, Anderson, I G, additional, Condon, K, additional, Robinson, B, additional, Kong, F, additional, Gilbert, G L, additional, Reynolds, A, additional, Hyland, S, additional, McPherson, G, additional, Brien, J O’, additional, and Blyde, D, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Studies of Male Reproduction in the Greater BilbyMacrotis lagotis
- Author
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Johnston, S, primary, Rumph, C, additional, Lucht, M, additional, Stenzel, D, additional, Nicolson, V, additional, Blyde, D, additional, and Keeley, T, additional
- Published
- 2010
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27. Studies of male reproduction in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
- Author
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Johnston, S.D., primary, Ward, D., additional, Lemon, J., additional, Gunn, I., additional, MacCallum, C.A., additional, Keeley, T., additional, and Blyde, D., additional
- Published
- 2007
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- View/download PDF
28. 9. Lack of seasonal variation in male reproductive parameters measured in a captive and wild population of common wombats in New South Wales
- Author
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MacCallum, C., primary, Johnston, S. D., additional, and Blyde, D., additional
- Published
- 2003
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29. Collection and short-term preservation of semen from free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus: Macropodidae)
- Author
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Johnston, S.D., Blyde, D., Gamble, J., Higgins, D., Field, H., Cooper, J., Johnston, S.D., Blyde, D., Gamble, J., Higgins, D., Field, H., and Cooper, J.
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate electro-ejaculation of free-range eastern grey kangaroos in the field and assess the efficacy of four diluents to preserve sperm motility over a 48-h period at 5°C. Procedure and design: Under gaseous anaesthesia, 25 free-range kangaroos were electro-ejaculated and characteristics of the ejaculate noted. Spermatozoa obtained from eight ejaculates were diluted in phosphate buffered saline containing various combinations of egg yolk and glucose and refrigerated at 5°C for 48 h. Results: Spermatozoa were recovered from 24 of 28 ejaculates. Mean (± SEM) semen volume (mL) and pH were 25.0 ± 1.9 and 7.1 ± 0.1 respectively. The forward motility (%), rate of movement of sperm (0 to 5) and sperm concentration (x 106/mL) were 77.4 ± 1.5, 3.8 ± 0.9 and 31.2 ± 7.3 respectively. There was no significant difference between the four diluents in their ability to maintain forward motility of spermatozoa over 48 h. However, rate of movement over the same period was significantly (P < 0.01) improved when sperm were diluted in phosphate buffered saline containing 10% egg yolk. Conclusions: Electro-ejaculation is a safe and reliable method for collecting semen from free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos. Preliminary attempts at short-term preservation showed that the motility of kangaroo spermatozoa could be adequately stored for 24 h and that the addition of egg yolk to the semen diluent was beneficial for improving the rate of sperm movement.
- Published
- 1997
30. Birth of a Banteng (Bos javanicus) calf at Western Plains Zoo after fixed time artificial insemination
- Author
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JOHNSTON, SD, primary, MCGOWAN, MR, additional, and BLYDE, D, additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Laparoscopic intrauterine insemination in Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)
- Author
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JOHNSTON, SD, primary, BLYDE, D., additional, PEDRANA, R., additional, and GIBBS, A., additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Experimental reproduction of viral chorioretinitis in kangaroos
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REDDACLIFF, L, primary, KIRKLAND, P, additional, PHILBEY, A, additional, DAVIS, R, additional, VOGELNEST, L, additional, HULST, F, additional, BLYDE, D, additional, DEYKIN, A, additional, SMITH, J, additional, HOOPER, P, additional, GOULD, A, additional, and HYATT, A, additional
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Cryopreservation of macropodid spermatozoa: new insights from the cryomicroscope
- Author
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Holt, W. V., primary, Penfold, L. M., additional, Johnston, S. D., additional, Temple-Smith, P., additional, Shaw, J., additional, McCallum, C., additional, Lindemans, W., additional, and Blyde, D., additional
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Collection and short-term preservation of semen from free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus: Macropodidae)
- Author
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JOHNSTON, SD, primary, BLYDE, D., additional, GAMBLE, J., additional, HIGGINS, D., additional, FIELD, H., additional, and COOPER, J., additional
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Intestinal Volvulus in Cetaceans.
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Begeman, L., Leger, J. A. St., Blyde, D. J., Jauniaux, T. P., Lair, S., Lovewell, G., Raverty, S., Seibel, H., Siebert, U., Staggs, S. L., Martelli, P., and Keesler, R. I.
- Subjects
VOLVULUS ,CETACEA ,TOOTHED whales ,GASTROINTESTINAL diseases ,EXUDATES & transudates ,DISEASES ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Intestinal volvulus was recognized as the cause of death in 18 cetaceans, including 8 species of toothed whales (suborder Odontoceti). Cases originated from 11 institutions from around the world and included both captive (n = 9) and free-ranging (n = 9) animals. When the clinical history was available (n = 9), animals consistently demonstrated acute dullness 1 to 5 days prior to death. In 3 of these animals (33%), there was a history of chronic gastrointestinal illness. The pathological findings were similar to those described in other animal species and humans, and consisted of intestinal volvulus and a well-demarcated segment of distended, congested, and edematous intestine with gas and bloody fluid contents. Associated lesions included congested and edematous mesentery and mesenteric lymph nodes, and often serofibrinous or hemorrhagic abdominal effusion. The volvulus involved the cranial part of the intestines in 85% (11 of 13). Potential predisposing causes were recognized in most cases (13 of 18, 72%) but were variable. Further studies investigating predisposing factors are necessary to help prevent occurrence and enhance early clinical diagnosis and management of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Health and Disease
- Author
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Barnes, T. S., Chiara Palmieri, Blyde, D., and Ellis, W.
37. 170 ASSESSMENT OF FRESH AND FROZEN-THAWED BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) SPERM DNA FRAGMENTATION USING THE SPERM CHROMATIN DISPERSION TEST.
- Author
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Sanchez-Calabuig, M. J., de la Fuente, J., Beltrán-Breña, P., Martinez-Nevado, E., Perez-Gutierrez, J. F., Blyde, D., Johnston, S., Harrison, K., Lopez-Fernandez, C., and Gosalvez, J.
- Subjects
BOTTLENOSE dolphin ,SPERMATOZOA - Abstract
An abstract of the research paper "Assessment of Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) Sperm DNA Fragmentation Using the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test," by M. J. Sanchez-Calabuig et al. is presented.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. LONEPINELLA SP. ISOLATED FROM WOUND INFECTIONS OF KOALAS.
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Omaleki L, Blyde D, Hanger J, Loader J, McKay P, Lobo E, Harris LM, Nicolson V, Blackall PJ, and Turni C
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Australia epidemiology, Animals, Wild, Queensland epidemiology, Phascolarctidae microbiology, Wound Infection veterinary, Chlamydia Infections veterinary
- Abstract
We describe two cases of wound infections of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), one wild and one captive, in which Lonepinella-like organisms were involved. The wild adult koala was captured with bite wound injuries, as part of a koala population management program in Queensland, Australia. In both cases, there was evidence of physical trauma causing the initial wound. The captive koala suffered injury from the cage wire, and the wild koala had injuries suggestive of intermale fighting. Gram-negative bacteria isolated from both cases proved to be challenging to identify using routine diagnostic tests. The wound in the captive koala yielded a pure culture of an organism shown by whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis to be a member of the genus Lonepinella, but not a member of the only formally described species, L. koalarum. The wound of the wild koala yielded a mixed culture of Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter cloacae and an organism shown by WGS analysis to be Lonepinella, but again not Lonepinella koalarum. Both cases were difficult to treat; the captive koala eventually had to have the phalanges amputated, and the wild koala required removal of the affected claw. The two Lonepinella isolates from these cases have a close relationship to an isolate from a human wound caused by a koala bite and may represent a novel species within the genus Lonepinella. Wound infections in koalas linked to Lonepinella have not been reported previously. Wildlife veterinarians need to be aware of the potential presence of Lonepinella-like organisms when dealing with wound infections in koalas, and the inability of commercial kits and systems to correctly identify the isolates., (© Wildlife Disease Association 2023.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Disease risk analysis in sea turtles: A baseline study to inform conservation efforts.
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Mashkour N, Jones K, Kophamel S, Hipolito T, Ahasan S, Walker G, Jakob-Hoff R, Whittaker M, Hamann M, Bell I, Elliman J, Owens L, Saladin C, Crespo-Picazo JL, Gardner B, Loganathan AL, Bowater R, Young E, Robinson D, Baverstock W, Blyde D, March D, Eghbali M, Mohammadi M, Freggi D, Giliam J, Hale M, Nicolle N, Spiby K, Wrobel D, Parga M, Mobaraki A, Rajakaruna R, Hyland KP, Read M, and Ariel E
- Subjects
- Animals, Data Collection, Endangered Species, Female, Immunosuppression Therapy, Male, Population Density, Population Surveillance, Risk Assessment, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Turtles physiology
- Abstract
The impact of a range of different threats has resulted in the listing of six out of seven sea turtle species on the IUCN Red List of endangered species. Disease risk analysis (DRA) tools are designed to provide objective, repeatable and documented assessment of the disease risks for a population and measures to reduce these risks through management options. To the best of our knowledge, DRAs have not previously been published for sea turtles, although disease is reported to contribute to sea turtle population decline. Here, a comprehensive list of health hazards is provided for all seven species of sea turtles. The possible risk these hazards pose to the health of sea turtles were assessed and "One Health" aspects of interacting with sea turtles were also investigated. The risk assessment was undertaken in collaboration with more than 30 experts in the field including veterinarians, microbiologists, social scientists, epidemiologists and stakeholders, in the form of two international workshops and one local workshop. The general finding of the DRA was the distinct lack of knowledge regarding a link between the presence of pathogens and diseases manifestation in sea turtles. A higher rate of disease in immunocompromised individuals was repeatedly reported and a possible link between immunosuppression and environmental contaminants as a result of anthropogenic influences was suggested. Society based conservation initiatives and as a result the cultural and social aspect of interacting with sea turtles appeared to need more attention and research. A risk management workshop was carried out to acquire the insights of local policy makers about management options for the risks relevant to Queensland and the options were evaluated considering their feasibility and effectiveness. The sea turtle DRA presented here, is a structured guide for future risk assessments to be used in specific scenarios such as translocation and head-starting programs., Competing Interests: NO authors have competing interests.
- Published
- 2020
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40. COCCIDIOSIS IN GREEN TURTLES ( CHELONIA MYDAS ) IN AUSTRALIA: PATHOGENESIS, SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION, AND CLIMATE-RELATED DETERMINANTS OF DISEASE OUTBREAKS.
- Author
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de Gouvea Pedroso SB, Phalen DN, Terkildsen M, Blyde D, March DT, Gordon AN, Chapman PA, Mills PC, Owen H, Gillett A, Lloyd HB, Ross GA, Hall J, Scott J, Ariel E, Yang R, and Rose KA
- Subjects
- Animals, Australia, Climate, Coccidiosis epidemiology, Ecosystem, Genotype, Time Factors, Coccidia genetics, Coccidiosis veterinary, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Turtles parasitology
- Abstract
An epizootic of coccidiosis in free-ranging green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) occurred in Australia in 1991 and the parasites were thought to be Caryospora cheloniae . Recurring outbreaks over an increased geographic range followed. We used medical records and temporal and spatial data of turtles diagnosed with coccidiosis between 1991 and 2014 to characterize the disease and factors associated with outbreaks. Most affected animals were subadults or older. Neurologic signs with intralesional cerebral coccidia were observed. Coccidia associated with inflammation and necrosis were predominantly found in the intestine, brain, kidney, and thyroid. Cases occurred in the spring and summer. Three major outbreaks (1991, 2002, and 2014) were concentrated in Port Stephens, New South Wales (NSW) and Moreton Bay, Queensland, but cases occurred as far south as Sydney, NSW. Coccidiosis cases were more likely during, or 1 mo prior to, El Niño-like events. Molecular characterization of the 18S rRNA locus of coccidia from tissues of 10 green turtles collected in 2002 and 2004 in Port Stevens and Sydney imply that they were Schellackia -like organisms. Two genotypes were identified. The Genotype 3 sequence was most common (in eight of 10 turtles), with 98.8% similarity to the 18S sequence of Schellackia orientalis . The Genotype 4 sequence was less common (in two of 10 turtles) with 99.7% similarity to the 18S sequence of the most common genotype (Genotype 1) detected in turtles from the 2014 Moreton Bay outbreak. Our study will help with the identification and management of future outbreaks and provide tools for identification of additional disease patterns in green turtles.
- Published
- 2020
41. Physiological changes in post-hatchling green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) following short-term fasting: implications for release protocols.
- Author
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March DT, Ariel E, Munns S, Rudd D, Blyde D, Christidis L, and Kelaher BP
- Abstract
Relocation of sea turtle nests and the retention of post-hatchlings for head-starting programs are both commonly used to improve conservation outcomes and facilitate eco-tourism ventures. Currently, there is little literature surrounding the husbandry protocols required during these programs to optimize post-release outcomes. To assess the impact of varied feeding regimes on exercise performance, (which will hereafter be referred to as 'fitness'), 40 10-month-old captive post-hatchling green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) were divided into four groups of 10 and fasted for either 3, 9, 10 or 15 h. The animals were then subjected to a fitness test via repetitive use of the 'righting reflex' on land. Health assessments were conducted prior to the fitness test, including; heart rate, haematocrit (Hct), heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and the measurement of 11 biochemical analytes, including pH, partial pressures of carbon dioxide (P
v CO2 ) and oxygen (Pv O2 ), lactate, bicarbonate (HCO3 - ), sodium (Na+ ), potassium (K+ ), chloride (Cl- ), ionized calcium (iCa2+ ), glucose and urea. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons and significant differences among groups were demonstrated for temperature, pH, HCO3 - , iCa2+ , urea and lactate. To investigate physiological relationships between analytes, correlation coefficients were calculated between fitness and glucose, fitness and lactate, glucose and lactate, pH and iCa2+ , pH and K+ , pH and Pv CO2 , pH and HCO3 - and Hct and K+ . Following correction for multiple comparisons, significant relationships were seen between pH and iCa2+ and pH and HCO3 - . Post-hatchling turtles appear to enter a catabolic state when exposed to short-term fasting. While this did not have a direct impact on fitness, the production of an intense energetic output from a catabolic state may induce a physiological debt. This study suggests that handling that induces a physical response should be minimized and animals should be fed within 10 h of release.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Novel insights into pasteurellosis in captive pinnipeds.
- Author
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Crawford RL, Blyde D, Blackall PJ, Forde BM, Beatson SA, Harris LM, Turni C, and Omaleki L
- Subjects
- Animals, Australia, Birds microbiology, Bronchopneumonia microbiology, Bronchopneumonia mortality, Genetic Variation, Genome, Bacterial, New Zealand, Pasteurella Infections transmission, Pasteurella multocida classification, Peritonitis microbiology, Peritonitis mortality, Phylogeny, Whole Genome Sequencing, Bronchopneumonia veterinary, Fur Seals microbiology, Pasteurella Infections veterinary, Pasteurella multocida genetics, Peritonitis veterinary
- Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous bacterium, which has the capacity to cause disease in a wide range of host species and is also recognized as an important zoonotic pathogen. Two sequential deaths in captive fur seals occurred at Sea World, Australia during December 2017. A fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia in a Subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) resulted in death within 24 h of nonspecific signs of illness, whereas a septic peritonitis in a New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) resulted in death within 12 h of clinical presentation. The cases happened within three days in two different pool locations, although both had previously been housed in the same area. A total of six Pasteurella multocida isolates were obtained from several internal organs at necropsy in both cases and were subjected to whole genome sequencing and phylogenomic analysis. In-silico typing of the isolates revealed that all belonged to Multi-Locus Sequence Type 7 and carried lipopolysaccharide outer core biosynthesis loci Type 3. Phylogenomic analysis of the isolates confirmed that the isolates were near identical at the core genome level, suggesting acquisition from a common source. The results also revealed the presence of within host and across animal diversity of P. multocida isolates for the first time even in a clearly connected outbreak., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Hematologic and biochemical characteristics of stranded green sea turtles.
- Author
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March DT, Vinette-Herrin K, Peters A, Ariel E, Blyde D, Hayward D, Christidis L, and Kelaher BP
- Subjects
- Animals, Australia, Blood Cell Count veterinary, Hematologic Tests veterinary, Reference Values, Animals, Wild blood, Turtles blood
- Abstract
To improve understanding of pathophysiologic processes occurring in green sea turtles ( Chelonia mydas) stranded along the east coast of Australia, we retrospectively examined the hematologic and biochemical blood parameters of 127 green turtles admitted to 2 rehabilitation facilities, Dolphin Marine Magic (DMM) and Taronga Zoo (TZ), between 2002 and 2016. The predominant size class presented was small immature animals (SIM), comprising 88% and 69% of admissions to DMM and TZ, respectively. Significant differences in blood profiles were noted between facility, size, and outcome. Elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and heterophils were poor prognostic indicators in animals from TZ, but not DMM. SIM animals at both institutions had lower protein levels than large older (LO) animals. SIM animals at DMM also had lower hematocrit and monocyte concentration; SIM animals at TZ had lower heterophil counts. Urea was measured for 27 SIM animals from TZ, but the urea-to-uric acid ratio was not prognostically useful. Strong correlations were seen between AST and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; r = 0.68) and uric acid and bile acids ( r = 0.72) in the 45 SIM animals from DMM in which additional analytes were measured. χ
2 contingency tests showed that the most recently published reference intervals were not prognostically useful. A paired t-test showed that protein levels rose and heterophil numbers fell in the 15 SIM animals from TZ during the rehabilitation process. Our results indicate that further work is required to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers for green turtles.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Epizootics of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in captive rays from Queensland, Australia.
- Author
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Bowater RO, Dennis MM, Blyde D, Stone B, Barnes AC, Delamare-Deboutteville J, Horton MA, White M, Condon K, and Jones R
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Bacterial Vaccines immunology, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Fish Diseases drug therapy, Fish Diseases pathology, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Quarantine veterinary, Queensland epidemiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA veterinary, Streptococcal Infections drug therapy, Streptococcal Infections epidemiology, Streptococcal Infections pathology, Streptococcus agalactiae immunology, Epidemics veterinary, Fish Diseases epidemiology, Skates, Fish, Streptococcal Infections veterinary, Streptococcus agalactiae physiology
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe two epizootics of high mortalities from infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, occurring in captive rays held in a marine display aquarium in south-east Queensland, Australia, in 2009 and 2010. Five different species of rays were affected, including mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata), estuary rays (Dasyatis fluviorum), eastern shovelnose rays (Aptychotrema rostrata), white-spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and blue-spotted mask rays (Neotrygon kuhlii). This report describes the history of both epizootics including collection, quarantine and husbandry of rays, the disease epizootics, clinico-pathological features of the disease, antimicrobial therapy, autogenous vaccine production, and laboratory studies including clinical and histopathology, bacteriology, PCR, molecular serotyping and sequencing of the bacterium S. agalactiae., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Piroxicam and doxycycline treatment for an oral squamous cell carcinoma in an inshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus).
- Author
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March DT, Blyde DJ, Bossart GD, Begg AP, Taylor DP, and McClure V
- Abstract
Background: The virus family Papillomaviridae has been documented in a wide range of animal species and can cause benign and malignant proliferative lesions. The presence of concurrent lingual papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in cetaceans has also been documented in both wild and captive populations, suggesting malignant transformation of benign papilloma to SCC may occur in this species., Case Report: In 2008, a 38-year-old captive male inshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) was diagnosed with papillomatous lesions on the intermandibular frenulum rostral to the tongue and an infiltrative SCC of the soft palate following biopsy and histological analysis. A treatment regimen of piroxicam and doxycycline was initiated with misoprostol as a gastroprotectant. The treatment resulted in a marked reduction in tumour size and reversible hepatotoxicosis. Subsequent biopsies revealed the presence of SCC in the oral cavity; however, the disease remains stable at the time of writing., Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first report of piroxicam and doxycycline used to treat SCC in a bottlenose dolphin. The treatment was successful in reducing the clinical presentation of the disease., (© 2016 Australian Veterinary Association.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Tooth resorption in an Australian sea lion.
- Author
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Wilson GJ, Blyde D, Forsayeth AM, and Pearce E
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Zoo, Australia, Male, Radiography, Dental veterinary, Tooth Resorption diagnosis, Tooth Resorption surgery, Treatment Outcome, Sea Lions, Tooth Resorption veterinary
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis cultured from the feces of a Southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) with diarrhea and weight loss.
- Author
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Bryant B, Blyde D, Eamens G, and Whittington R
- Subjects
- Animals, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Diarrhea microbiology, Female, Paratuberculosis drug therapy, Pyrazinamide administration & dosage, Pyrazinamide therapeutic use, Rifampin administration & dosage, Rifampin therapeutic use, Streptomycin administration & dosage, Streptomycin therapeutic use, Weight Loss, Diarrhea veterinary, Feces microbiology, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolation & purification, Paratuberculosis microbiology, Perissodactyla
- Abstract
Abstract: Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (Map) was cultured from the feces of a wild-caught, female, adult Southern black rhinoceros. The animal, which presented with a 4-mo history of diarrhea and weight loss, was prescribed a course of antimycobacterial drugs. The clinical signs resolved, and the feces were repeatedly culture negative thereafter. Although the Rhinocerotidae are likely to be resistant to Johne's disease, this case raises the possibility that they can become transiently infected with the causative organism.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Diagnosing pregnancy in free-ranging dugongs using fecal progesterone metabolite concentrations and body morphometrics: a population application.
- Author
-
Burgess EA, Lanyon JM, Brown JL, Blyde D, and Keeley T
- Subjects
- Animals, Dugong blood, Female, Pregnancy, Progesterone blood, Dugong metabolism, Feces chemistry, Progesterone metabolism
- Abstract
Assessing reproductive status and monitoring reproductive rates is important in the effective management of vulnerable marine mammal species such as the dugong (Dugong dugon). Knowledge of the reproductive physiology of this species is limited, and determining reproductive parameters (e.g., sexual maturation, pregnancy, and reproductive senescence) has been restricted by a lack of non-lethal methods for assessing reproductive status in free-ranging individuals. The aim of this study was to develop a method to identify pregnant individuals in a wild dugong population. Using an enzymeimmunoassay, we quantified concentrations of fecal progesterone metabolites (fP) in 322 dugongs, including confirmed pregnant females (n=10), presumed non-pregnant adult females (n=25), juvenile females (n=24), subadult females (n=41), adult females of unknown pregnancy state (n=63), and males of all sizes (n=159). External body morphometrics of each dugong were measured, and confirmation of pregnancy in adult female dugongs was determined by ultrasonography or observation of subsequent neonates. Concentrations of fP were different between sexes and reproductive size classes (P<0.001), and ∼30-fold higher in confirmed pregnant dugongs (2017-7760 ng/g) compared to presumed non-pregnant females (30-221 ng/g), juvenile females (29-195 ng/g), and males (24-261 ng/g) (P<0.001). Body measures of maximum and anal girths, and teat length were all greater in confirmed pregnant females than presumed non-pregnant females (all P<0.05). We evaluated a Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) to provide a model for predicting pregnant and non-pregnant dugongs. Cross-validated results showed that the DFA correctly classified 100% of pregnant and non-pregnant females using fP concentrations, body length, fineness ratio (an index of body shape), and teat length (a female reproductive trait). Using the DFA model, we classified the pregnancy status of all female dugongs and identified a total of 30 females as pregnant and 133 females as non-pregnant from the sampled population over the sample period. Pregnant dugongs in the Moreton Bay population are characterized by fecal progesterone metabolite concentrations > 1000 ng/g, body length ≥ 260 cm, maximum girth ≥ 215 cm, anal girth ≥ 126 cm, and teat length ≥ 5 cm long. In summary, analysis of fP concentrations in combination with body morphometrics may be used to diagnose pregnancy in free-ranging dugongs, and provides a new tool to monitor breeding rates of wild sirenian populations., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Fatal cetacean morbillivirus infection in an Australian offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).
- Author
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Stone BM, Blyde DJ, Saliki JT, Blas-Machado U, Bingham J, Hyatt A, Wang J, Payne J, and Crameri S
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Fatal Outcome, Male, Morbillivirus isolation & purification, Morbillivirus Infections mortality, Bottle-Nosed Dolphin virology, Morbillivirus Infections veterinary
- Abstract
A juvenile offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was found stranded with neurological signs and unable to swim or float unassisted. It subsequently died, succumbing to a combination of severe pneumonia and encephalitis. Morbillivirus serum neutralisation test serology was positive (titre 1:16) for cetacean morbillivirus and negative for both phocine distemper virus and canine distemper virus. There was concurrent thymic and lymph node lymphoid depletion and necrosis, together with intranuclear and intracytoplasmic acidophilic viral inclusion bodies and multinucleate syncytia within multiple organs. Paramyxovirus capsids were identified in lung sections via electron microscopy and morbillivirus antigen was demonstrated within sections of lung, thymus and brain by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for morbillivirus nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes were positive and phylogenetic gene product sequence analysis revealed 98% and 94% sequence identity to dolphin morbillivirus, respectively. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a cetacean mortality due to morbillivirus infection occurring in the southern hemisphere. Morbillivirus infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of stranded live or dead cetaceans in Australian waters, particularly if animals display neurological signs., (© 2011 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2011 Australian Veterinary Association.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Ulnar metaphyseal osteochondrosis in seven captive bred cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).
- Author
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Allan G, Portas T, Bryant B, Howlett R, and Blyde D
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn growth & development, Animals, Zoo, Bone Diseases, Developmental pathology, Bone Diseases, Developmental surgery, Cartilage growth & development, Cartilage pathology, Cartilage surgery, Female, Male, Osteochondrosis pathology, Osteochondrosis surgery, Treatment Outcome, Ulna growth & development, Ulna pathology, Ulna surgery, Acinonyx, Bone Diseases, Developmental veterinary, Cartilage blood supply, Osteochondrosis veterinary, Ulna blood supply
- Abstract
Distal ulna metaphyseal osteochondrosis was identified in seven captive bred cheetahs raised in Australia between 1984 and 2005. The disorder was characterized by bilateral carpal valgus conformation. In the metaphyseal region of the distal ulnae, an osteolucent defect that appeared as a proximal extension of the lucent physis was identified radiographically between 6 and 10 months of age. Ulna ostectomy was done to correct the angular limb deformity. Histologically, changes were identified in the osteolucent lesion that resembled osteochondrosis. We propose that the condition is probably familial and/or dietary in origin.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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