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Intelligent wearable devices have many characteristics such as convenience, intelligence and real-time. Through the detection and analysis of wearable devices and the real-time transmission of data, it can test vital signs and movement and other important information, monitor human body and provide data support for health status. According to the development of wearable devices in recent years, this article summarizes the different ways to wear wearable devices, the common materials for wearable devices and the different sensing modes of wearable devices. Then its applications in physiological and motion detection are also presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities faced by the wearable devices are analyzed and prospected.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer amongst women worldwide, and numerous microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify hub miRNAs and determine the underlying mechanisms regulated by these miRNAs in breast cancer. Breast invasive carcinoma transcriptome data (including mRNAs and miRNAs), and clinical data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differential gene expression analysis, co‑expression network analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and prognosis analysis were used to screen the hub miRNAs and explore their functions. Functional experiments were used to determine the underlying mechanisms of the hub miRNAs in breast cancer cells. The results revealed that low miR150 expression predicted a more advanced disease stage, and was associated with a less favorable prognosis. Through the combined use of five miRNA‑target gene prediction tools, 31 potential miR150 target genes were identified. GSEA revealed that low miR150 expression was associated with the upregulation of several cancer‑associated signaling pathways, and the downregulation of several tumor suppressor genes. Furthermore, miR150 independently affected overall survival in patients, and interacted with its target genes to indirectly affect overall and disease‑free survival. Functional experiments demonstrated that miR150 positively regulated B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), and the downregulation of miR150 and BTLA combined promoted cell migration. In conclusion, the present study revealed that low miR150 expression was associated with less favorable clinical features, upregulation of several carcinogenic signaling pathways, and poor patient survival. Additionally, a miR150‑BTLA axis was suggested to regulate cell viability and migration.

The photothermal effects have shown the possibilities for applications in optical manipulation. In this paper, an approach is demonstrated to generate and manipulate a bubble using the photothermal effects. First, a high-power laser is used to irradiate the light absorbing particles for creating a microbubble. The bubble grows up to a diameter of a few hundred micrometers in several seconds due to the diffusion of dissolved gases. The bubble does not float up and is confined at the lower boundary of the sample cell by the thermocapillary force. The force is induced by laser heating of the particles at the bubble base. Second, the bubble can be manipulated following the laser focal spot. The bubble is dragged by the horizontal component of thermocapillary force. The bubble re-grows as it moves because it absorbs the dissolved gases in its migration path. The bubble floats up finally when it grows up to the maximum size. The perpendicular component of thermocapillary force can be estimated equal to the buoyancy of the floated bubble and is about 38 nN at the laser power of 130 mW. Furthermore, we show the generation and manipulation of the bubbles in a capillary. The reason for the decrease in movement velocity in the capillaries has been studied and discussed. The approach of bubble manipulation shows a potential application in transporting the microparticles.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Pathophysiological similarities between chronic infections and atherosclerosis triggered interests between these conditions. The seroepidemiological study showed that Helicobacter pylori strains that express cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), an oncoprotein and a major virulence factor, was positively correlated with atherosclerosis and related clinical events. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, the seroprevalence of infection by H. pylori and by strains express CagA assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the prevalence of CagA strains rather than H. pylori in patients was positively correlated with atherogenesis. Correspondingly, we found that CagA augmented the growth of plaque of ApoE-/- mice in the early stage of atherosclerosis and promoted the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). Mechanistically, both si-NLRP3 and si-IL-1β mitigated the promoting effect of CagA on the inflammatory activation of HAECs. In vivo, the inhibition of NLRP3 by MCC950 significantly attenuated the promoting effect of CagA on plaque growth of ApoE-/- mice. We also propose NLRP3 as a potential therapeutic target for CagA-positive H. pylori infection-related atherosclerosis and emphasize the importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis pathology.

Atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) is a chronic process, with a progressive course over many years, but it can cause acute clinical events, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. In addition to a series of typical risk factors for atherosclerosis, like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking and obesity, emerging evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, suggesting that chronic infection plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most characteristic members of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which play an important role in innate immune mechanism. TLRs play different roles in different stages of infection of atherosclerosis-related pathogens such asChlamydia pneumoniae(C. pneumoniae),periodontal pathogens includingPorphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis), Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) andhuman immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Overall, activation of TLR2 and 4 seems to have a profound impact on infection-related atherosclerosis. This article reviews the role of TLRs in the process of atherosclerosis afterC. pneumoniaeand other infections and the current status of treatment, with a view to providing a new direction and potential therapeutic targets for the study of ASVD.

Background: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays a significant role in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods: We collected the plasma samples from 40 patients with AAV and 10 healthy volunteers. The plasma levels of S1P were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of serum creatinine (Scr) were tested by rate method, and then the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of the patients was calculated from the Scr, age, and gender. Prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), fibrinogen reduction product (FDP), D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) were tested by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassays. Platelets (PLTs) were tested by fluorescently labeled electrical impedance method. Results: The plasma levels of S1P were significantly higher in AAV patients than in healthy volunteers. Correlation analysis showed that plasma levels of S1P were negatively correlated with glomerular filtration (P=0.022, r = −0.306), and positively correlated with circulating levels of Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), PLT and D-dimer, (P=0.004, r = 0.443; P Conclusions: Plasma levels of S1P were associated with circulating levels of D-dimer, PLT and BVAS in the patients with AAV. Hence, plasma S1P level can be used as a biomarker to predict coagulation-related complications in AAV.

Background C-reactive protein (CRP) has two natural isomers: C-reactive protein pentamer (pCRP) and C-reactive protein monomer (mCRP). The levels of CRP are significantly elevated in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). mCRP not only activates the endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, and complements, but also has a proinflammatory structural subtype that can localize and deposit in inflammatory tissues. Thus, it regulates a variety of clinical diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, Alzheimer’s disease, age-related macular degeneration, and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that plasma mCRP levels are related to cardiovascular disease in AAV. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 37 patients with AAV were assessed. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and mCRP in plasma were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was diagnosed by coronary angiography, and the Gensini score calculated. Echocardiography evaluated the ejection fraction (EF%), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on serum creatinine, age, and gender. Results The plasma level of mCRP in AAV was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers (P Conclusions The plasma level of mCRP was related to cardiovascular diseases in AAV patients.

To understand the characteristics and potential hazards of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from different industrial factories in Zhengzhou, several representative factories have been selected for sample collection using canisters; the samples were subsequently analyzed by GC-MS/FID system, from which the composition and risk of VOCs are discussed in this study. It was found that OVOCs, especially ethyl acetate and isopropanol, were the most important species originating from printing factories, which accounted for more than 93.1% of total VOCs. The major components related to manufacturing industries, including automobile, furniture, and coating, were aromatics, mainly

Background and purpose Satellite sign is a novel neuroimaging marker for predicting hematoma expansion (HE), which is closely related to unfavorable prognosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the predictive value of satellite sign varied according to previous studies. Thus, we conduct this meta-analysis to systematically review the application value of satellite sign in related studies. Methods We searched the literature in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to April 10, 2020. Effect values, including sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratio were pooled to assess the diagnostic value of satellite sign for HE in patients with ICH. Results The meta-analysis included five studies with a total of 1493 patients. Results showed that the pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.50 (95 % CI, 0.31−0.70) and 0.71 (95 % CI, 0.56−0.83), respectively. In addition, the pooled positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.7 (95 % CI, 1.5–2.1) and 0.70 (95 % CI, 0.54−0.89), respectively. No significant publication bias was found. Conclusion Satellite sign exhibited moderate sensitivity and specificity for predicting HE in patients with ICH. Further studies are needed to explore its value in clinical application.

Background Seroepidemiological studies have highlighted a positive relation between CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), atherosclerosis and related clinic events. However, this link has not been well validated. The present study was designed to explore the role of H. pylori PMSS1 (a CagA-positive strain that can translocate CagA into host cells) and exosomal CagA in the progression of atherosclerosis. Methods To evaluate whether H. pylori accelerates or even induces atherosclerosis, H. pylori-infected C57/BL6 mice and ApoE−/− mice were maintained under different dietary conditions. To identify the role of H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells-derived exosomes (Hp-GES-EVs) and exosomal CagA in atherosclerosis, ApoE−/− mice were given intravenous or intraperitoneal injections of saline, GES-EVs, Hp-GES-EVs, and recombinant CagA protein (rCagA). Findings CagA-positive H. pylori PMSS1 infection does not induce but promotes macrophage-derived foam cell formation and augments atherosclerotic plaque growth and instability in two animal models. Meanwhile, circulating Hp-GES-EVs are taken up in aortic plaque, and CagA is secreted in Hp-GES-EVs. Furthermore, the CagA-containing EVs and rCagA exacerbates macrophage-derived foam cell formation and lesion development in vitro and in vivo, recapitulating the pro-atherogenic effects of CagA-positive H. pylori. Mechanistically, CagA suppresses the transcription of cholesterol efflux transporters by downregulating the expression of transcriptional factors PPARγ and LXRα and thus enhances foam cell formation. Interpretation These results may provide new insights into the role of exosomal CagA in the pathogenesis of CagA-positive H. pylori infection-related atherosclerosis. It is suggested that preventing and eradicating CagA-positive H. pylori infection could reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis and related events.

Buckybowls are fascinating components of supramolecular assemblies owing to their unique bowl-shaped π-surfaces. Herein we present a protocol for the functionalization of a sulfur-doped buckybowl, trithiasumanene, via a brominated intermediate, from which thiolated trithiasumanenes were derived. The curved surface and electron-donating properties of thiolated trithiasumanenes promote their ready assembly with fullerenes to form concave-convex complexes. The supramolecular assembly behavior in solution was investigated by NMR analysis. The structures of supramolecular complexes were unambiguously characterized by crystallography. The crystals of the concave-convex complexes showed high thermal stability and photoconductivity.

Fibulin-3 has been suggested to function in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, however its role remains unclear in hypertensive vascular remodeling. In the current study, 10 Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (control group) and 30 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were used. SHRs were randomized into three groups: The placebo group, intravenous (I.V.) physiological saline; the FBLN-1 group, low-dose fibulin-3 protein (I.V.; 120 ng/kg); and the FBLN-2 group, high-dose fibulin-3 protein (I.V.; 240 ng/kg). Histological analysis was used to analyze vascular remodeling. The expression of fibulin-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Oxidative stress was detected by dihydroethidium staining. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHRs was observed to be significantly greater than that of WKY rats (P0.05). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in the placebo group vs. the control group. Fibulin-3 was able to alleviate the levels of ROS in the FBLN groups. It is suggested that fibulin-3 may act as a growth factor in the arteries. In addition, the results indicated that fibulin-3 may reduce the levels of MMP-2 and -9 and oxidative stress in hypertensive vascular remodeling. Upregulating fibulin-3 may be beneficial for improving vascular health and offsetting certain cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension.

Atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular disease and death remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Defective efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, is thought to lead to increased inflammation and necrotic core formation in atherosclerotic lesions. However, very little is known about the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) during this process. Here we show that lncRNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) was markedly elevated in the serum of patients with symptoms of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and the macrophages of necrotic cores in an advanced atherosclerosis mouse model. MIAT knockdown attenuated atherosclerosis progression, reduced necrotic core size, and increased plaque stability in vivo. Furthermore, MIAT knockdown promoted clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that MIAT acted as a micro RNA (miRNA) sponge to positively modulate the expression of anti-phagocytic molecule CD47 through sponging miR-149-5p. Together, these findings identified a macrophage MIAT/miR-149-5p /CD47 pathway as a key factor in the development of necrotic atherosclerotic plaques.

Ag-alloying for the kesterite shows many beneficial effects. 1. Enlarge the grain size, 2. Increase the bandgap, 3. Reduction of tailing state and antisite defect, 4. Help type inversion of kesterite. However, if the Ag content in the kesterite is too high (Ag/(Ag+Cu) $\ge$ 20%), low efficiency is always demonstrated due to its low carrier concentration and conductivity. In this work, we use the spray pyrolysis to fabricate Ag-alloyed kesterite absorber with higher Ag content. Due to the low conductivity nature of the kesterite with high Ag content, the thickness of the Ag 30 absorber should be reduced. The efficiency of ACZTSSe with higher Ag content can be significantly improved from 5.3% to 7.55% using 0.9 $\mu$m absorber under suitable selenization temperature. This results demonstrates the possibility to further increase the Ag content of kesterite for the bandgap engineering and achieve better type inversion.

A novel highly selective fluorescent sensor was fabricated based on the microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the determination of Cu2+ in aqueous samples. The glass fiber paper was activated using HCl solution and incubated in CdTe quantum dots (QDs) solution to obtain a fluorescent substrate. The Cu2+ imprinted polymers (Cu-IIP) was synthesized using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as functional monomer and TEOS as cross-linker on the surface of the glass fiber in paper at room temperature. This fluorescent sensor was successfully applied to determine the amount of Cu2+ in aqueous samples that mainly depended on the electron transition between the CdTe quantum dots and the Cu2+ for specific recognition Cu2+. A good linearity was presented in the range of 0.032-3.2 mg L-1, and the limit of detection was achieved at 0.012 mg L-1. Satisfactory recoveries ranging from 99.9% to 122.5% were attained for spiked seawater and lake water samples with four concentration levels of Cu2+. The paper@QDs@Cu-IIP showed a good performance and significant application perspectives for rapid detection of Cu2+ by comparing with the results of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

In order to make the users who didnt study the computer-related major can find the useful information in their familiar manner, it becomes a hot research topic to search in an interactive way using Chinese natural language. But because the complexity of Chinese, how to build of a formal model of natural language is always a difficult research problem. In this paper, by analysis the query sentence type in SQL based on the special database, we bring forward the rules and the context irrespective grammars of the restrictive Chinese that resolves the difficult comprehension problem in natural language processing. And aiming at the comprehension processing, we give the detailed arithmetic describing that can translate a natural language query of the restrictive Chinese to SQL.

Amyloid-β (Aβ)-degrading enzyme neprilysin (NEP) plays a pivotal role in eliminating Aβ. The oxidized modification of NEP by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) may reduce the clearance of Aβ in cultured cells and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. The aim of this research is to study whether HNE could modify the NEP protein and identify the specific sites of HNE-NEP modification using a linear trap quadrapole (LTQ) Velos Pro-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. NEP activity was determined after SH-SY5Y cells had incubated with HNE (20 μM) for 24 hours. To identify the sites of NEP modification, samples of both native and HNE-modified NEP digested by trypsin were analyzed using a LTQ Velos Pro-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. The NEP peptide-sequence information from the fragment ion masses was used to search for the sites of NEP adduction. HNE-treated cells showed a 60% loss of NEP activity. NEP was covalently adducted at Lys 93, Lys 472 by HNE via Michael addition. Compared to the control group, the sites of modified peptide in NEP showed a consistent 156 Da increased in m/z, which provides sequence information and might contribute to further studies on drug design and the therapeutics of AD.

Objective Sleep disturbance, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks, is frequently observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Loss of orexin neurons in hypothalamus and the resultant decreased level of orexin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) found in narcolepsy patients may also play an essential role in the pathogenesis of sleep disturbance. The present study aimed to investigate the possible changes in the orexin system during PD progression.

The title compound (C7H9ClN2, Mr = 156.61), an imidazolium ionic liquid with alkynyl, was synthesized by an improved method in high yield. FT-IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and elemental analysis were performed to characterize the molecule of the ionic liquid, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The results indicate that the improved procedure is very feasible and 96% yield. The crystal structure analysis will be conducive to clarify the relationship of structure and function for ionic liquid with alkynyl the compound.

Surfactant-templated synthesis of ordered nanostructured materials attracts more and more attention. In this paper, ordered nanostructured Fe3O4powder was synthesized via a facile reflux method in ethanol-water media using sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS, C12H25SO3Na) as template. XRD and VSM were used to characterize the ordered nanostructure, inorganic phase and magnetic properties. Results show that Fe3O4powder is of an ordered nanostructure of 7.6 nm which was detected by SAXRD and the inorganic phase is composed of cubic Fe3O4nanocrystals. VSM analysis shows that the ordered nanostructured Fe3O4exhibits a two-phase structure and a soft magnetic property with a saturation magnetization of 40emu/g.

In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), there is severe competition between container ports, particularly those in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, for collecting international maritime container cargo. In addition, the second phase of the Nansha terminal in Guangzhou’s port and the first phase of the Da Chang Bay container terminal in Shenzhen opened last year. Under these circumstances, there is an increasing need to quantitatively measure the impact these infrastructure investments have on regional cargo flows. The analysis should include the effects of container terminal construction, berth deepening, and access road construction. The authors have been developing a model for international cargo simulation (MICS) which can simulate the movement of cargo. The volume of origin-destination (OD) container cargo in the East Asian region was used as an input, in order to evaluate the effects of international freight transportation policies. This paper focuses on the PRD area and, by incorporating a more detailed network, evaluates the impact of several infrastructure investment projects on freight movement.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the expression characteristics of transient receptor potential canonical 7 (TRPC7) in normal and hypertrophic cardiac myocytes. METHODS The 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) method was used to induce renovascular hypertension. Losartan, the potent inhibitor of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor, was applied to the drinking water of 2K1C rats to inhibit Ang II-mediated responses. TRPC7 expression was examined by immunohisto/cytochemistry and Western blot analyses in normal and hypertrophic hearts. The expression level of protein kinase C (PKC), a negative regulator of TRPC7 channel in in vitro study, was also evaluated. RESULTS In normal rat ventricles, strong TRPC7 immunoreactivity was distributed in the surface sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes, and a moderate but striated TRPC7 immunoreactivity was also detected in the subcellular regions. The 2K1C operation caused significant hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy as demonstrated by respective biophysical or biochemical assays. At this stage, expression of TRPC7 was significantly downregulated at both tissue and cell levels, whereas that of PKC was upregulated. Further analysis revealed a negative correlation between TRPC7 and PKC expression patterns. Oral application of losartan ameliorated the extent of experimentally induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Simultaneously, it effectively reversed the downregulation of TRPC7 and mildly antagonized the upregulation of PKC. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results for the first time show that TRPC7 localizes in the surface and tubular sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes in normal adult rats and its expression significantly decreases in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes from renovascular hypertensive rats. TRPC7 may thus play a significant role in normal physiological settings in the heart.

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), defined as nanometer-wide strips of graphene, have attracted increasing attention as promising candidates for next-generation semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate a bottom-up strategy toward novel low band gap GNRs (E-g = 1.70 eV) with a well-defined cove-type periphery both in solution and on a solid substrate surface with chrysene as the key monomer. Corresponding cyclized chrysene-based oligornerS consisting of the dimer and tetramer are obtained via an Ullmann Coupling followed by oxidative intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation in solution, and much higher GNR homologues via on-surface synthesis. These oligomers adopt nonplanar structures due to the isteric repulsion between the two C-H bonds at the inner cove position. Characterizations by single crystal X-ray analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are described. The interpretation is assisted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

In this study, 20 new derivatives of caffeic acid esters were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages were determined. Compounds 3l, 3r, 3s and 3t were found to decrease nitrite levels in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-induced cells and showed potent inhibitory activities against the NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 7.4, 5.9, 3.3 and 2.2 μM, respectively. They could be selected as compromising compounds for the later pharmacological study.

This paper discloses the configuration of a dual-mode three-beam grating which adopts the liquid-crystal (LC) modulator technologies and has the function of switching diffraction properties. With the specific design of the top, bottom, and complementary electrodes, the grating has the feature of being modulated by external electric field for generating two diffraction modes. Two modes corresponding to different diffraction directions and angles were verified by experiments. This device could be applied to the fabrication of a monolithic three-beam grating, which is necessary for the tracking detection of a rewritable two-wavelength optical head using a two-wavelength integrated laser diode (TWIN-LD)

The characteristics of a ZnO nanorod array/TiO2 film heterojunction were investigated. A TiO2 film was prepared on glass by aqueous solution deposition with precursors of ammonium hexafluorotitanate and boric acid at 40 °C. Then, a ZnO seed layer was prepared on a TiO2 film/glass substrate by RF sputtering. A vertically oriented ZnO nanorod array was grown on a ZnO seed layer/TiO2 film/glass substrate by aqueous solution deposition with precursors of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) at 70 °C. After thermal annealing in N2O ambient at 300 °C, this heterojunction used as an oxygen gas sensor shows much better rise time, decay time, and on/off current ratio than as-grown and annealed ZnO nanorods.

National Basic Research 973 Program of China [2011CB935901]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [21031004, 21021061]; NFFTBS [J1030415]

In this study we demonstrate a monolithic liquid crystal (LC) diffraction grating with multiple diffraction modes using the techniques of polymer stabilization and novel electrode design. It can be applied to a single-path rewritable optical pick-up (OPU) with multiple wavelengths for the tracking compatibility of CD, DVD, and blue-light storage systems.

This paper presents two configurations of a diffraction grating which has the function of switching diffraction properties for the tracking compatibility of different disk types.