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To capture student interest and show clinical relevance, molecular details from the pain system can be used as supplemental examples to basic biochemistry lectures. Lecture topics include glutamate, substance P, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, synaptic proteases, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuronal protein synthesis. These topics are utilized to illustrate basic biochemical issues and are linked to pain-related topics such as pain transmission, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, and central sensitization. For analysis, a brief survey was administered to evaluate student attitudes toward a representative lecture segment. Survey results support the premise that utilizing the pain system is an effective tool to engage chiropractic students during basic biochemistry lectures.

The sequence arrangement of the genomic DNA from the common sea star Pisaster ochraceous has been examined. Reassociation kinetics at DNA fragment lengths of 300 base pairs (bp) indicate the presence of at least three repetitive components in this DNA. The majority of these repetitive sequences are reiterated over the range from 10 to 100's. Approximately one-third of the nucleotides are found in repetitive sequences. Analysis of the reassociation kinetics of 3000-bp DNA fragments demonstrates the interspersion of repetitive and unique DNA sequences. The hyperchromicity of 3000-bp fragments reassociated to low Cot values (the product of moles of nucleotide per litre and time in seconds), and the size distribution of S1 nuclease resistant DNA duplex in these reassociation products, indicate a short-period interspersion pattern in the starfish genome. Repetitive segments (400 +/- 100 bp) are interspersed with longer unique DNA sequences. At a fragment length of 3000 bp the major fraction of the single-copy DNA is found in such an arrangement. In addition to short repetitive segments a substantial portion of the repetitive DNA nucleotides are found in segments excluded by Sepharose CL-2B (greater than or equal to 2000 bp). As much as one-quarter of the repetitive sequence nucleotides can be assigned to long segments.

A model is proposed for the evaluation of the procedures and practices taught within a chiropractic curriculum. Questions concerning definitions, methods of observation, science consistency, and pertinent research are asked of a given procedure in the form of a decision-making flow chart. Based on this analysis, a status is assigned that establishes a procedure's current understanding. Applications of the model are discussed.

Barley (c.v. Himalaya) aleurone layers were incubated in [(3)H]gibberellin A(1) (GA(1)) at low temperatures. At 3 and 4 C, (3)H-activity was steadily accumulated in aleurone layers, and this accumulation was correlated with significant [(3)H]GA(1) metabolism. At 1 and 1.5 C, metabolism could not be detected, and at these temperatures aleurone layers equilibrated with the [(3)H]GA(1) concentration in the incubation medium. At equilibrium, the total amount of (3)H-activity per unit volume in the aleurone layers was higher than in the incubation medium. Aleurone layers incubated at 0.5 C for 72 hours with [(3)H]GA(1) in the presence of saturating levels of carrier GA(1) consistently retained lower levels of (3)H-activity than when incubated in [(3)H]GA(1) alone. The retention of [(3)H]GA(1) was unaffected by saturating levels of carrier GA(8). GA(1) retained by barley aleurone layers that were incubated at 0.5 C for 72 hours was able to induce alpha-amylase synthesis when aleurone layers were subsequently washed and transferred to a gibberellin-free medium at 25 C.