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The papers published in this monograph present best papers presented at the first conference of the Faculty of Economics and Bussiness of University of Rijeka organized on the topic of “Economics of digital transformation” from 2nd to 4th of May, 2018 in Opatija, Croatia (www.edt- conference.com). During the three days of the conference more than 50 researchers from European region contributed with their presentations. We are particularly proud on the results of our doctoral workshop where nine young researchers presented their research while five papers were published in the monograph. In this way we are building our future research capacities and expose young researchers to rigorous scientific challenge.

Whether or not we can call Uber’s business model as disruptive innovation (admittedly, according to the author of the disruptive innovation theory, we cannot), the fact remains that it has shaken the traditional models of passenger transport industries around the world. The law does not respond well, or, better said, it is not able to react fast enough to innovations. Technological and business inventions represent a threat to legal certainty. When an innovative business model, facilitated by the use of new technologies occurs, it is usually associated with a whole array of legal issues and conundrums. The law will try desperately to fit it into the existing moulds of legal regulation. The recent Uber Spain judgment (EU:C:987:2017) by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) provides a perfect illustration for this. According to the CJEU, Uber is a transport company. This paper will analyse the arguments presented in the judgment to show how law is not able to deal with rapid technological and societal changes in today’s digital world. The implications of this judgment are far reaching, not just for Uber’s operations in the EU and world-wide, but also for other game changers in the digital economy.

U radu se analizira način i doseg utjecaja pravila međunarodnog privatnog prava na pravni položaj migranata. posebno se ukazuje na probleme izbjegavanja primjene pravila međunarodnog privatnog prava u okolnostima velikih migrantskih valova, kao i na nepravne mehanizme utvrđenja osobnih statusa u predmetima kada izostaju javne isprave o tomu.

Predmet su ovoga rada radni odnosi i tržište rada u kontekstu fleksigurnosti. U radu se analizira novi vladavinski model, soft law, otvorene metode koordina- cije, europski socijalni model, inkluzivnost, kategorije koje su neraskidivo vezane uz fleksigurnost, radne odnose i tržište rada. Istražena su njihova obilježja i utjecaj na supranacionalnu regulativu, usporednopravna i hrvatska rješenja. Daje se i raščlamba nekih novih instituta tržišta rada (novi oblici uređenja radnog vremena, agencijski rad, mini-jobs). Poseban dio rada čini istraživanje (de)reguliranja tržišta rada, novih modela zapošljavanja, kao i fleksigurnosti i hrvatskoga tržišta rada de lege lata te se daju prijedlozi de lege ferenda., This paper deals with the employment relations and labour market in the context of flexicurity. The authors analyse a new mode of governance, namely soft law, open methods of coordination, European social model, inclusive market, as concepts which are interwoven with flexicurity, employment relations and labour market. The authors take a closer look at the latter concepts’ characteristics and impact on the supranational regulation, while juxtaposing regulations of other legal systems with the Croatian regulation. New forms of employment are analysed too (concerning working time, agency work, mini-jobs). This part of the paper is dedicated to the (de)regulation of the labour market, new models of employment, as well as flexicurity and the Croatian labour market de lege lata, with the proposals de lege ferenda.

Flexicurity is used as a strategy in the Netherlands in order to increase flexibility for the permanent workers and improve the position of the flexible workers. The concept was introduced in the 1990s by the government in a paper and was further elaborated in an agreement of both sides of industry. This involved that the position of temporary agency workers was regulated and improved, and it was made easier to provide contracts for a definite period. This agreement was laid down in an act, thus amending the existing labour code. Important was that the position of the trade unions was reinforced since the Act allowed deviation from the general rules only by a collective labour agreement. In 2013, again the social partners were asked to negotiate on the flexibilisation of dismissal law and improving the position of flexible workers. This led to an agreement of the social partners and was subsequently laid down in the labour code. This procedure is relatively successful but leaves some dilemmas untouched, such as it is easier for employers to make use of the flexibilisation of the position of permanent workers than for flexible workers to make use of the rules that are meant as an improvement. Most of them can be escaped, e.g., by employing the workers shorter than the threshold for improving their position. This may sometimes even mean that flexible workers are worse off since they lose their work sooner than they did under the old rules.

Health and healthcare issues in patient-doctor relation become today one of the most challenging issues in the economy of knowledge where highly sophisticated services like health care services play important role in the society based on digital economy.

The advancement of new technologies in medical, biomedical and technical sciences, especially nanotechnology ; coupled with an ever-growing development of science is also faced with various legal obstacles.

Autorice obrađuju problematiku integracije suvremenih tehnologija u područje zdravstvene zaštite te pravne izazove koji su s time u vezi.

Autorice obrađuju zakonski okvir za zaštitu medicinskih podataka u okviru hrvatskog sustava zdravstvene zaštite.

Medical science and practice have undergone radical development during the past decades. In the words of insiders, there have been “major investments in the basic science” alongside with pronounced interest of major policy and opinion makers. As a result, an intricate infrastructure of relationships among various interested parties, institutions and businesses is currently evolving. The paper intends to address issues relating to business model development. Our intention is to identify variations that may occur in relationship patterns depending on the manifestation of different factors that, in our belief, lead to alternative scenarios of business arrangements, thus forming alternative business models. We propose to do so by defining a concept of value that will fit the idea of incentives relating to value distribution between contracting parties. By using the paradigm of incomplete contracts theory, proposed prediction would be depending on: available resources ; power relations ; regulation. Different combinations of factors are seen as producing different scenarios, among which, ones are expected to be more supportive for further development of the personalized medicine field compared to others. A classification of factors’ manifestation will be provided in a descriptive manner (as high or low presence of a factor on a continuous line between theoretically established extremes).

Rad razmatra problematiku zaštite osobnih podataka u personaliziranoj medicini.

Study of the gender equality policies in Croatia for the FEMM Committee of the European Parliament

Regulatory possibilities and obstacles in new health technologies are the topic of this presentation. Disclosure of personal data has been put into context of new ideas.

The intention of this presentation is to re- think the concept of precariousness of the labour relations, which is rising in times of uncertainty and to examine whether a potential answer to this challenge lies in flexicurity, or quite contrary, does flexicurity create an even bigger gap between insiders and outsiders in the labour market.

17. simpozij “Comprehensive approach to personalized medicine: medical, legal and economic implications for the Croatian healthcare system”, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti i Sveučilište u Rijeci

The aim of this article is to analyze the situation in the area of state aid in the Republic of Croatia before and after the EU accession. Special attention is devoted to the state aid issues after signing the Treaty Concerning the Accession of the Republic of Croatia to the EU. It is necessary to distinguish aid schemes and individual aid put into effect before the date of accession and the new aid that will be granted. Upon the accession, the state aid is transferred to the jurisdiction of the European Commission, which grants and supervises aid according to the same procedure as the one applicable in the other Member States. The authors will attempt to indicate the problems resulting therefrom and offer possible clarifications. It has been concluded that understanding and complying with EU state aid rules is of particular importance as we are now part of the “EU family”.

The paper gives an overview of new forms of employment with special attention on atypical work without a proper workers' protection

Female underrepresentation on company boards has remained a persisting problem in most EU countries. Different regulatory and enforcement approaches have been taken across the EU to deal with it, ranging from self- and co-regulatory regimes to very stringent public law quota rules. The adoption of a common European approach has appeared complicated because of the different power plays occuring within the national and European Union context in this field. In three acts, this contribution will tell this power-balancing tale. The first act sets the scene by focussing on the existing inequalities between men and women on company boards; the second act concentrates on the legal tensions arising between public and private actors when it comes to finding an appropriate regulatory response to deal with this problem; and the third act addresses the tensions that occur between the EU and the Member States in this regard. This will lay bare the dilemmas the Commission has faced in proposing a European response to the problem in the form of a directive proposal and how it has sought to accommodate the different national approaches.

The combination of public goals and fiscal interests collides with the need to harmonise and liberalise the gambling market. Although the trend of market liberalisation is omnipresent, liberalisation is not an imperative. Member States are, in principle, free to regulate these issues ; provided that they comply with the principles of EU law, especially competition and state aid rules. The focus of this presentation is on the possible application of state aid rules in the field of gambling. Though debates about State aid in the field of gambling have gained momentum, they are not followed by a proliferation of corresponding case-law in this segment. So far, the Commission has adopted only a few decisions some of which have been challenged before the General Court.

Profesorica Nada Bodiroga-Vukobrat s Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci te profesorica Hana Horak s Ekonomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci održale su izlaganje na temu regulatornih potencijala i zapreka u pogledu novih zdravstvenih tehnologija, a s posebnim osvrtom na otkrivanje podataka i nove bolesti.

Knjiga nudi detaljan prikaz slobode pružanja usluga kao jedne od četiriju tržišnih sloboda. Knjiga obuhvaća opsežnu pravnoznanstvenu analizu više od 60 presuda Suda EU. Obrađuju se tri velika i važna područja prava EU u području usluga - priznavanje profesionalnih kvalifikacija, sloboda pružanja odvjetničkih usluga i sloboda pružanja zdravstvenih usluga.

Prof. dr. sci Krešimir Pavelić, University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Prof. dr. sci. Nada Bodiroga-Vukobrat, University of Rijeka Faculty of Law Introduction

Rad analizira pravni položaj radnika u slučaju insolventnosti poslodavca a aspekta prava EU, osobito u smislu primjene Dirketiva 77/187/EEZ, 90/50/EZ, 2001/23/23/EZ, 80/987/EZ, 2002/74 i 2008/94 te presuda Suda Europske unije u predmetima Hogan(C-398/11), Mustafa (C-272/12) Andersson(C-30/10) i Defossez (C-477/09).

Free movement of qualified professionals within the EU is a prerequisite for free movement of services, workers and freedom of establishment. The harmonization of the national law in this area is accomplished by the Directive 2005/36/EC and Directive 2013/55/EU. Directive 2005/36/EC and its amendments regulated by Directive 2013/55/EU establish system for the recognition of professional qualifi cations in order to help make labor markets more fl exible. Also further liberalization of the provision of services, more automatic recognition of qualifications and simplify administrative procedures were encouraged by these Directives. This paper introduces professional qualifications regulation and gives analysis of the ECJ case law in the area of professional qualifi cations and diploma recognition. Authors analyze three systems of professional qualifications introduced by the Directive 2005/36/EC and explain them in connection with ECJ judgments. Instead of conclusion authors present the most relevant changes made in this area by the Directive 2013/55/EU.

Rad analizira različite aspekte sustava socijalne sigurnosti u odnosima tržišnog natjecanja, posebno u kontekstu pristupa i prilagodbe domaćeg zakonodavstva propisima Europske unije. U tom kontekstu rad se osvrće na hrvatsko pravo konkurencije i javna poduzeća, a posebice se detaljno i s mnogim primjerima iz prakse analizira koncept vladajućeg položaja u području farmaceutskih proizvoda i ortopedskih pomagala te njegova zloporaba. Rad se zavšava odgovarajućim delega lata i de lege ferenda osvrtima na paradigmu tržišnog natjecanja i socijalne sigurnosti u Republici Hrvatskoj, a u kontekstu zdravsvene reforme.

The article gives a brief overview of the most important news related to the field of policy developments, legislative developments and case law of national court in the reporting period of the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union on July 1st, 2013.

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the capacity of the national judiciary in the application of gender equality law, which largely originates from the EU acquis.

We are witnessing the ‘agencification’ process or phenomenon in the EU, especially as from the year 2000. The number of agencies at the EU level ‘mushroomed’ from 4 in 1993 to 33 in 2010. The agencification process in the EU, however, ensued without a coherent agencification policy. The decade-long issue (initiated with the Commission’s White Paper on European Governance in 2001) has now shifted from elaborating a common model for European agencies to finding a common approach and vision on the role of European agencies in the EU institutional and administrative structure. In 2009, an Inter-institutional Working Group on regulatory agencies has been formed with the task to assess the existing situation, with special emphasis on the application of good governance principles in the operation of European agencies. The authors of this paper will concentrate on several issues. They will reflect on how to best apply and implement good governance principles: accountability, independence, transparency and participation within the framework of regulatory agencies. The main problem seems to lie in achieving equilibrium between independence and accountability. Independent entity should be accountable, but its accountability may not be understood as control. Creating a proper framework whereby “no one controls the agency, yet the agency is under control” (Moe) is still in process at the EU level. The authors will also address the some of the alternatives to agencification process, such as the process of “multilevel governance” (MLG) in policy making and whether the promotion of private practices might lead to changes in the legislation process within the business-states-Commission triangle. After analysing supranational regulatory agencies, the authors will turn to the issue of regulatory agencies in the context of south-eastern enlargement of the EU (especially concentrating on the Croatian model) and further explore the proposals of European networks of national regulators. The paper will show that further europeanisation of regulatory process is a necessity.

The smooth functioning of the EU internal market entails not only regulatory harmonisation, but also a set of rules which, regardless of the national laws of Member States, uniformly regulates company law and corporate governance at the supranational level. Availability, transparency and disclosure of information in listed companies are of the utmost importance for company law and corporate governance, including capital market law. In company law and corporate governance, they are used as an instrument for the protection of shareholders and to control the activities of management and supervisory boards, while in capital market law their purpose is to ensure reliable and accurate information for the whole capital market.

Temeljne gospodarske slobode: sloboda kretanja roba, osoba, usluga i kapitala, predstavljaju samu srž europskoga prava. Europska integracija počiva na ideji stvaranja unutarnjeg tržišta, a do danas je taj proces prerastao svoj primarno ekonomski značaj i zašao duboko u sve pore društvenih događanja. Ovaj se udžbenik rodio iz potrebe da se u hrvatskoj pravnoj literaturi, na jednom mjestu i na hrvatskom jeziku, ponudi pregled i analiza temeljnih pojmova ovoga velikog i značajnog područja europskoga prava. Europsko pravo općenito, a osobito njegov dio, koji uređuje temeljne gospodarske slobode živi je organizam, u stalnom razvoju, pri čemu sudska praksa Europskog suda često ima odlučujuću ulogu u njegovoj primjeni, tumačenju i razvoju. U tom smislu ovaj udžbenik predstavlja 'snimku' trenutnog stanja i do predaje ovoga rukopisa u tisak, a sudeći po dosadašnjim iskustvima, neki od uvriježenih koncepata zasigurno će doživjeti daljnju prilagodbu i preobliku. Prijevodi svih presuda Europskog suda i drugih pravnih izvora u ovoj knjizi djelo su autorica, koje u potpunosti preuzimaju odgovornost za eventualne buduće nedosljednosti u terminologiji kada se, stupanjem Republike Hrvatske u članstvo EU-a, objave službeni prijevodi na hrvatski jezik. Autorice ipak s radošću iščekuju taj skorašnji trenutak te se nadaju da će ovaj udžbenik predstavljati skromni doprinos spremnosti hrvatske stručne, ali i šire javnosti da prihvati europsko pravo kao dio vlastite pravne realnosti. Udžbenik je podijeljen u pet dijelova, u kojima su autorice nastojale razviti i slijediti moderan koncept analize temeljnih gospodarskih sloboda. Tekst je popraćen relevantnim isticanjima sudske prakse Europskog suda, bez koje izučavanje i razumijevanje gospodarskih sloboda jednostavno nije moguće. U prvom dijelu čitatelja se uvodi u pojam unutarnjeg tržišta, analiziraju se oblici ekonomske integracije koji su prethodili izgradnji unutarnjeg tržišta te se daje raščlamba tehnika gospodarske integracije. Osobita se pozornost posvetila horizontalnom ili novom pristupu harmonizaciji. Drugo poglavlje obuhvaća različite aspekte slobode prometa roba, počevši od analize pojma robe u kontekstu unutarnjeg tržišta EU-a, preko ostalih temeljnih pojmova poput carina i nameta s istim učinkom, količinskih ograničenja i mjera s istim učinkom kao količinska ograničenja, do uobičajenih prepreka trgovini te njihovih opravdanja koja često izazivaju prijepore u doktrini i praksi. Poseban dio ovoga poglavlja čini analiza državnih monopola trgovinskoga karaktera. U trećem poglavlju analizira se sloboda kretanja osoba, odnosno sloboda kretanja radnika i sloboda poslovnoga nastana poduzetnika. Ova temeljna gospodarska sloboda obuhvaća više od 500 milijuna stanovnika Europske unije nakon posljednjeg proširenja. Jasno je kako niti jedno drugo područje prava Unije ne pogađa interese njezinih stanovnika toliko snažno i neposredno. Analizira se primarno i sekundarno zakonodavstvo EU-a te praksa Europskog suda. Daje se raščlamba pojma radnika, stajališta o temeljnim gospodarskim slobodama u užem i širem smislu, obrazloženje kako je i zašto Europski sud načelu „effet utile“ dao značenje u kontekstu slobode kretanja radnika te široko postavio tumačenje pojma radnik i time obuhvatio široki krug osoba koje potpadaju pod polje primjene. Vrši se analiza dostupnosti tržišta rada zemalja članica EU-a, položaja bračnih drugova i partnera te pitanja prava odlaska, ulaska i boravka na teritoriju država članica EU-a. Poseban dio ovoga poglavlja zauzima analiza načela jednakog postupanja i dostupnost tržišta rada zemlje domaćina u kontekstu izravne i neizravne diskriminacije. Također se daje analiza socijalnih pogodnosti i načela koordinacije u kontekstu ove temeljne gospodarske slobode. U kontekstu sekundarne legislative autorice analiziraju slobodu obavljanja zanimanja odnosno obavljanja profesije te priznavanja profesionalnih kvalifikacija. Raščlanjuju se opravdanja zapreka slobodi kretanja osoba, a sve to praćeno prezentacijom recentnih presuda Europskoga suda. U četvrtom poglavlju dana je raščlamba slobode pružanja usluga, razgraničenje slobode poslovnog nastana i slobode pružanja usluga. Također se analiziraju dopuštena ograničenja slobode kretanja usluga „od zemlje podrijetla do zemlje pružanja usluge“, pogodnosti koje sobom donosi Direktiva o uslugama, pogodnosti za potrošače te utjecaj sudske prakse s posebnim osvrtom na fenomen prekograničnih zdravstvenih usluga. U petom poglavlju daje se pregled razvoja slobode kretanja kapitala, analiziraju se pojam i bitna obilježja slobode kretanja kapitala, odnos s drugim temeljnim gospodarskim slobodama te ograničenje slobode kretanja kapitala. Ova je knjiga zamišljena prvenstveno kao sveučilišni udžbenik. Kao takva koristit će se u dodiplomskoj, diplomskoj i poslijediplomskoj nas-tavi pravnog i ekonomskog studija. Autorice se toplo nadaju kako će ovaj udžbenik postati nezaobilaznom literaturom ne samo za studente, nego i za sve one koji se bave pravom i politikom Europske unije, posebice za državnu upravu, suce i odvjetnike. Želimo vjerovati kako će knjiga biti zanimljiva i za sve građane Republi-ke Hrvatske te drugih država koje s EU ostvaruju ili namjeravaju ostva-riti prava utemeljena na četiri temeljne gospodarske slobode u Europskoj uniji. Valja naglasiti kako je ideja za tiskanje ovoga udžbenika nastala i razvila se tijekom trajanja projekta „Socijalna sigurnost i tržišno natjecanje – europski zahtjevi i hrvatska rješenja“ br. 115-1151212-2637 kojeg financira MZOŠ Republike Hrvatske.

U radu se analiziraju novi izazovi koji su se otvorili novim informacijskim i komunikacijskim tehnologijama. Otvorio se i čitav niz novih pravnih pitanja. Prvu skupinu koja je analizirana u radu čine pitanja zaštite dostojanstva i osobnih podataka zaposlenika i poslodavčeve kontrole i nadziranja zaposlenika tijekom radnog vremena. Drugu skupinu pitanja čini upotreba interneta, intraneta i e-maila za vrijeme radnoga vremena u privatne svrhe te ova zloporaba kao razlog otkaza o radu. Analizira se recentna sudska praksa njemačkih sudova i hrvatska rješenja de lege lata te daju prijedlozi de lege ferenda, In the article the author analyses new challenges which came out by a breakthrough of new information and communication technologies. The whole range of legal issues appeared also. The first group of issues which has been analysed in the article consists of issues concerning the protection of employees’ dignity and their personal data as well as issues concerning the employer’s control and supervision of employees during the working time. The author pays a special attention to Internet using and writing e-mails for private purposes during the working time and to their misuse being a basis for employee’s dismissal. Recent German court practice and Croatian solutions de lege lata are scrutinised also. Furthermore, the author presents proposals de lege ferenda.

Zbornik radova pripremljen je za savjetovanje "Radni odnosi - novine u radno-socijalnom zakonodavstvu - 2009." u organizaciji Inženjerskog biroa d.d., sadrži 9 autorskih referata u kojima se obrađuju teme koje se odnose na očekivano donošenje novog Zakona o radu te na novine i promjene koje u pojedinim institutima radno-socijalnog prava donose naprijed navedeni propisi, s osvrtom na njihov utjecaj na prava i obveze radnika i poslodavaca u radnom odnosu.

U radu se analiziraju posebnosti radnog vremena u kontekstu Smjernice 2003/88/EZ. Daje se raščlamba presuda Europskoga suda u slučajevima SIMAP, Jaeger, BETCU te u slučaju Pfeifer, kao i njihove implikacije glede radnog vremena na hrvatsko nacionalno zakonodavstvo u procesu harmonizacije hrvatskoga radnoga prava sukladno europskome pravu. Također se daje pregled relevantne i recentne sudske prakse Ustavnog i Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske, te prijedlozi de lege ferenda glede reguliranja radnog vremena u kontekstu Smjernice 2003/88/EZ i Prijedloga njezine izmjene.