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Strategic infectious animal diseases have a great impact on the national economy as they may cause great economic loss, public anxiety, and high mortality. In Indonesia, among the diseases considered as strategic infectious animal diseases is foot and mouth disease (FMD). This study reported the incidence of strategic infectious animal diseases in Balongpanggang district during 2023. Throughout 2023, FMD only accounted for 4% of the total diseases of the year and was the only strategic infectious animal disease reported that year. Meanwhile, bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) incidence reached 57% (876/1546) of the total diseases in beef cattle in 2023. In addition to BEF, official veterinary services reported a total case of 1546 throughout 2023 that comprises; diarrhea (99), limping (24), helminthiasis (91), ectoparasite (11), hematochezia (3), wound (3), mastitis (4), allergy (1), dystocia (28), vaginal prolapse (11), dermatitis (45), enteritis (27), tympani (11), scabiosis (122), arthritis (67), ophthalmic problem (11), endometritis (1), uterine retention (13), indigestion (2), pneumonia (21), hypoglycemia (5), abscess (21), ovariohysterectomy (1), orchitis (1), intoxication (1), and papilloma (1). In conclusion, the only strategic infectious animal disease reported in 2023 in Balongpanggang was FMD with the incidence as high as 3% as compared to the non-strategic infectious animal diseases, BEF, which reached 54% of the total cases during 2023.

Background and Aim: Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Cats are the only known hosts that excrete resistant oocysts. Wild rats serve as crucial reservoirs and intermediate hosts for T. gondii’s survival and dissemination. Consuming soil and water containing oocysts can lead to illness. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in wild rats through molecular detection as an indicator of environmental contamination in Surabaya. Materials and Methods: One hundred rats were collected from the three areas (housing, dense settlements, and traditional markets) and distributed into the five zones: West, East, Central, North, and South of Surabaya. Brain tissue samples were extracted using a Geneaid™ (New Taipei City, Taiwan) DNA isolation kit and analyzed through the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method. Results: The study analyzed brain tissue from 100 wild rats, consisting of 77 Rattus tanezumi and 33 Rattus norvegicus, displaying 30% LAMP positivity. The study revealed that 30% (30/100) of wild rats tested were infected with T. gondii. The molecular prevalence rate in male rats was 32.35% (22/68), compared to females with 25% (8/32). 41.9% of the housing population, 33.3% of traditional markets, and 22.6% of dense settlements had the highest molecular prevalence. The high positive molecular rate at the trapping site can be attributed to cats and dense populations. Conclusion: Thirty percentage wild rats were tested positive for toxoplasmosis in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia using LAMP method. Implementing strict control and monitoring is crucial in preventing the transmission of diseases from wild rats to humans. It is necessary to carry out further research related to genetic analysis of T. gondii to determine the type of T. gondii that infects animals and humans in Surabaya through bioassay and molecular test.

Cryptosporidiosis is a waterborne zoonosis caused by Cryptosporidium, which is a parasite that causes infection of the small intestine and leads to acute diarrhea in both humans and animals. Wild rats (Rattus spp.) are known to carry many zoonotic pathogens including Cryptosporidium. Given their close proximity to humans in urban environments, the likelihood of disease transmission is high. This study aims to detect the Cryptosporidium spp. infection in wild rats in Surabaya City, East Java Province. Intestinal fecal samples were collected using necropsy. The flotation test and Ziehl-Neelsen stain were used to observe the presence of Cryptosporidium under the microscope. The results showed that 69 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. in the oocyst stage, which appeared dark pink with a clear cavity and the size of the oocysts ranged from 2-6 μm. The high incidence of cryptosporidiosis in wild rats is a potential health threat to both animals and humans.

Sex identification of Sun Conures (Aratinga solstitialis) is crucial for breeding and preservation, as well as increasing sun conure populations. These birds are sexually monomorphic. Therefore, Determination between male and female carried out by their morphology examination. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, utilizing molecular-based technology, was employed to determine the sex of Aratinga solstitialis in this study. The P2 and P8 primers were utilized in this method, which has been deemed suitable and accurate for sex identification through calamus samples. The research focused on two 28-month-old Aratinga solstitialis birds. Calamus samples were collected and subjected to PCR amplification using the extracted calamus. The resulting PCR products were then visualized using electrophoresis with a 1% agarose gel. In the electrophoresis photo, the presence of two bands indicated a female specimen, whereas a single band indicated a male specimen. The result of the gel electrophoresis research showed that both of the Aratinga solstitialis were male with one band of each bird on ranged from 300-400 base pairs. The result show that the Polymerase Chain Reaction method in terms for sex identification on monomorphic birds, especially Aratinga solstitialis birds is very effective to differentiate the sex of young birds and the adults.

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands that can cause a sharp reduction in milk production and income for farmers. Subclinical mastitis is mastitis without clinical symptoms but can result in a decrease in the quantity and quality of milk production. One of the main pathogens that cause mastitis namely Staphyloccocus aureus. S. aureus become the biggest problem of mastitis because the cure rate is classified as very low. The risk factors for the occurrence of mastitis, both clinical and subclinical mastitis, can cause a decrease in milk production caused by several factors, including genetic, feed and environmental factors. This study aims to determine the presence of subclinical mastitis in milk of dairy goats with sufferers in Siliragung District, Banyuwangi Regency. Sample testing was carried out at the SIKIA Instrument Laboratory, Airlangga University. Isolation was carried out using MSA (Mannitol Salt Agar) media for further identification consisting of Gram staining and biochemical tests. Some of the biochemical tests used are the catalase test, the coagulase test and the VP test. The results of isolation, observation of characteristics and identification of bacteria in the research that has been carried out show that 64.51% (40/62) of the samples examined were positively identified S. aureus. Results showed that the risk factors for causing subclinical mastitis included cleaning the cage, the number of lactating goats, washing hands before milking, manure and waste management, weaning age and lactation age.

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland which can cause a decrease in milk production and income for farmers. Subclinical mastitis is mastitis without clinical symptoms but can result in a decrease in the quality of milk production. One of the main pathogens that cause mastitis is Escherichia coli. The risk factors for the occurrence of mastitis, both clinical and subclinical mastitis, can cause a decrease in milk production caused by several factors, including genetic, feed, and environmental factors. This study aims to determine the presence of subclinical mastitis in dairy goat milk in Siliragung District, Banyuwangi Regency. Sample testing was carried out at the SIKIA Instrument Laboratory, Airlangga University. Isolation was carried out using EMBA media (Eosin Methylene Blue Agar) for further identification consisting of Gram staining and biochemical tests. One of the biochemical tests used is the IMViC (Indole Methyl red Voges-Proskauer Citrate Test). The results of isolation, observation of characteristics, and identification of bacteria in the research that was carried out showed that 8% (5/62) of the samples tested were positively identified as Escherichia coli. The results showed that the risk factors for causing subclinical mastitis included cleaning the cage bedding, washing hands before milking, milking out, teat dipping, and medication.

This aim of this research was to study the effect of giving a combination gel of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf and turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) rhizome extract on histopathology of epithelial thickness which has II B degree burns. Twenty five male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups. K(-) group was normal skin, K(+) group was skin burns treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine, P1, P2, and P3 was skin burns treated with gel combination of binahong leaf extract and turmeric rhizome extract with increase concentration of binahong leaf extract i.e. 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%, while the concentration of turmeric rhizome extract i.e. 2% for each treatment. The combination gel of binahong leaf extrac 1.25% and turmeric rhizome extract 2% has potential to be an effective treatment for II B burns as indicated by increased of epithelial thickness. Therefore, this study concluded that 1.25% combination gel of binahong leaf extract and turmeric rhizome extract 2% is the effective dosage to increase epithelial thickness on II B healing degree burns wound healing.

Background: The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is the source of the zoonosis Toxoplasmosis. and causes public health problems throughout the world. Environmental contamination by oocysts excreted by cats as definitive hosts affects the spread of this disease. Wild rats as rodents can be used as an indicator of environmental contamination by oocysts, considering that rats have a habit of living in dirty environments and can be infected by oocysts from the environment. Aim: This study aims to detection of toxoplasmosis from tissue cysts and serological test in wild rats as an indicator of environmental contamination in Surabaya. Methods: A total of 100 wild rats collected from Surabaya were collected in five areas (west, east, central, north, and south Surabaya) obtained from three trapping locations: housing, dense settlements, and markets. All samples were examined microscopically for parasitological tests through the brain tissue samples, and the serum was examined using the ToMAT (Toxoplasma Modified Agglutination Test) to detect the presence of Ig G and Ig M. Results: The results showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii in wild rats was 31% (30% for Ig G and 1% for Ig M). Tissue cysts in the rat brain samples tested were 19% (19/100).Ig G prevalence rate in female rats was 25% (8/32) while for males it was 32.3% (22/68). The highest seropositive Ig G from densely populated settlements was 50%, markets were 25.8%, and housing was 12.1%. The highest seropositive Ig M from densely populated settlements was 2.8%. Population density and the presence of cats are factors supporting the high seropositive rate at the trapping location. Conclusion: This study revealed that there has been Toxoplasmosis contamination in Surabaya with evidance of 31% in serology and active infection with 19% tissue cyst. It is necessery for controling with survailance in cats to prevent transmission in humans. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(11.000): 1443-1450]

Deer populations in captive breedings have the potential to develop health issues such as protozoa and helminth infections. Poor sanitation and environmental conditions are among the external factors facilitate the transmission of endoparasites within deer population in a captivity. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of endoparasite infestation in Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) in Maliran Captive Breeding, Blitar, Indonesia. Samples of 102 fresh feces, were taken during the rainy season from March to May 2021, and sent to Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universitas Airlangga for fecal examination using sedimentation, flotation, as well as McMaster methods to determine the prevalence and the intensity of infestations. Results showed that 30 samples were detected positive, 7 samples (6.86%) were positive of Haemonchus spp. at the egg stage (range of 30-60 EPG; mild infestation); and 23 samples (22.55%) were positive of Eimeria spp. in oocyst stage (range of 200-800 OPG; mild to moderate infestation). This study provides a reference for the eradication of Haemonchiasis in the deer population in the study area.

Predicting the turtle's reproductive status and sexual maturity is necessary for ex-situ breeding and conservation program. The histology of the seminiferous tubules of the Indonesian box turtle (Cuora amboinensis couro) at various ages has not been studied much. This study aims to develop equations to predict the sexual maturity of Indonesian box turtles based on straight carapace length (SCL). Six turtles with SCL sizes 10-21 cm were sacrificed and their testes were taken for morphometric measurements and histological preparations for Hematoxylin Eosin staining. Pearson's correlation of SCL with testicular maturity parameters was analyzed, followed by Anova Regression. The results showed that there were differences in the morphometry and topographic anatomy of the Indonesian box turtle testes between SCL below 15 cm and above 15 cm. Six turtles with SCL size of 10-21 cm were sacrificed and their testes were taken for morphometric measurements and histological preparations for Hematoxylin Eosin staining. Pearson's correlation of SCL with testicular maturity parameters was analyzed, followed by Regression Anova. The results showed that there were differences in the morphometry and topographic anatomy of the Indonesian box turtle testes between SCL below 15 cm and above 15 cm.

According to WHO (2010), the Trimeresurus albolabris snake is a venomous snake with a high number of bite cases in Indonesia. Information on the character and level of toxicity of snake venom in Indonesia, including Trimeresurus spp. snakes, is still minimal. This study aims to determine the LD50 value (lethal dose 50), clinical symptoms, and to determine the macroscopic appearance of the liver and kidneys of mice (Mus musculus) after being injected by a the white-lipped pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris) venom. The LD50 value of Trimeresurus albolabris venom injected subcutaneously into mice was 5,09 mg/kgBW. Clinical symptoms that appear increased movement activity, increased respiratory rate, lethargy, decreased activity, and reduced grooming. Macroscopic appearance of the liver that looks abnormal is found (1) color changes in the form of pale, pale yellowish, and red spots (petechiae). (2) changes in surface structure found only one liver that is not flat. (3) changes in consistency in the form of brittle easily. In the kidney that looks abnormal, found (1) changes in color in the form of pale. (2) changes in surface structure were only found in one kidney in the form of nodules. (3) changes in consistency in the form of brittle easily and soft.

Background: Varanus salvator is one of the reptiles being hunted by human beings for several purposes, including traditional medicine. The studies about reproductive biology aspects were limited. Aim: This study aimed to determine the morphology, histology, and histometry of Varanus salvator paryphasmata and hemibaculum based on Snout-Vent Length (SVL) as an indicator of sexual maturity. Methods: This study examined 18 pairs of hemipenis of V. salvator with SVL more and less than 40 cm in equal number. Paryphasmata and hemibaculum parts were observed visually and micro-sliced, then stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The histological observation was conducted under a 40x, 100x, and 400x magnification of a light microscope. The histometry of the paryphasmata was examined using 13 Megapixels Coolpad and OptiLab Plus for microscopic pictures. The chondrocyte cell area was measured using the Optilab Plus and Image Raster 3 applications. Results: The sizes of glans of hemipenis, paryphasmata, and hemibaculum increased according to the increasing of SVL. The average paryphasmata row number, epidermis, and loose connective tissue thickness were not significantly different (p>0.05). However, dense connective tissue was thicker (p

This research aimed to know the changed damage of liver African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were exposed by lead nitrat. This study used twenty four of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with average weight of 20-25 grams, size 10-12 cm, age ± two months. This research was designed by a completely randomized design (CRD). All member of population of the African catfish were divided into six groups, consist of six repetitions each, namely P1, P2, P3, and P0 as a negative control respectively. P1 was given with dosage of lead nitrat 7,26 mg/liter, P2 was given with dosage of lead nitrat 14,53 mg/liter, and P3 was given with dosage of lead nitrat 29,06 mg/liter. According to the macroscopic observed, show that liver became swollen and pale. The histopathological features of hepar were examined under light microscope in 400 times magnification. Scoring method were using Bernet Scoring Method to examined the presence of degeneretion, congesti, necrotic, and infiltration of leukocyte. Then, Kruskal-Wallis test through with Mann-Whitney test of statistical analysis. The statistical analysis showed the median number of P0 (0,05), P1 (0,45), P2 (1,10), and P3 (1,40) respectively. From the result can be concluded lead exposure with dose 29,06 mg/liter severe which was heavily histopatological in hepatocytes cell of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) liver.

Luka eksisi adalah luka yang permukaan kulit dan lapisan bawahnya akan terpotong sampai kedalaman yang bervariasi dapat terjadi secara sengaja atau tidak sengaja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh chitosan kulit udang terhadap kepadatan kolagen dalam proses penyembuhan luka eksisi pada tikus putih. Sebanyak dua puluh ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan dibagi ke dalam lima kelompok perlakuan yaitu K- luka eksisi dengan pemberian basis salep, K+ (luka eksisi+10% povidone iodine), P1 (luka eksisi+salep chitosan kulit udang 1.5%), P2 (luka eksisi+udang salep kulit kitosan 2.5%), dan P3 (luka eksisi+kitosan kulit udang 5%). Hasil perhitungan persentase kepadatan kolagen dianalisis oleh Kruskal-Wallis yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak metanol daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) untuk meningkatkan kepadatan serabut kolagen dalam penyembuhan luka bakar derajat II pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Sebanyak dua puluh ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan dibagi ke dalam lima kelompok perlakuan yaitu K- luka dengan pemberian basis salep, K+ luka dengan pemberian Bioplacenton®, P1 luka bakar dengan pemberian salep ekstrak daun ketapang 25%, P2 luka bakar dengan pemberian salep ekstrak daun ketapang 50% dan P3 luka bakar dengan pemberian salep ekstrak daun ketapang 100%. Terapi diberikan sehari sekali selama tujuh hari. Hasil data rata-rata jumlah kepadatan serabut kolagen menunjukkan K- 83.57%, K+ 84.52%, P1 90.32%, P2 86.77% dan P3 83.36%. Kelompok P1 dan P2 tidak memiliki perbedaan yang nyata, tetapi berbeda nyata dengan kelompok K+, K- dan P3. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ekstrak metanol daun ketapang berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kepadatan serabut kolagen pada proses penyembuhan luka bakar derajat II.

Objective: To create an animal model of vesicovaginal fistula as a modality to develop therapy. Material and Methods: This study was an preliminary experimental study to create new fistula vesicovaginal formation in a rabbit model. Six female New Zealand white rabbits of Stem Cell Research and Development Center of Universitas Airlangga were used in this study and were divided into 3 groups in which there were 2 rabbits in each group. Vesicovaginal fistula formation was performed through laparotomy surgery. After the abdomen is opened, the Nasogastric tube is inserted vaginally into the anterior vaginal wall. The incision is made on the anterior vaginal wall and the posterior wall of the bladder. The Nasogastric tube that comes out of the vagina is inserted into the bladder incision to maintain the formation of vesicovaginal fistula. Both mucosal walls are sutured and tested to determine if there is any leak. Evaluation the model of vesicovaginal fistula was carried out 3 weeks postoperatively according the group. Result: Four out of six rabbits have formed vesicovaginal fistulas, which are from groups two and three. There are no complications during the treatment period until termination Conclusion: Rabbits have the potential to become experimental animals for the vesicovaginal fistula model. The best time to release a nasogastric tube to maintain a fistula is 2 weeks.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antibakteri dari larutan rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) terhadap total jumlah bakteri pada sapi dengan kombinasi antara konsentrasi dan lama penyimpanan. Sampel daging sapi dibagi menjadi 60 buah dan masing-masing sampel adalah 25 gram. Metode penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan menggunakan 4 konsentrasi larutan rimpang kunyit 0 gr 100 ml-1, 20 gr 100 ml-1, 40 gr 100 ml-1, 60 gr 100 ml-1 dan disimpan dalam waktu berdurasi 0 jam, 3 jam, 6 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis oleh menggunakan Anava. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian ekstrak daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) secara topikal terhadap kepadatan kolagen dalam penyembuhan luka insisi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Dua puluh ekor tikus putih dibagi secara acak ke dalam lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (K-) yang diberi basis salep, kontrol positif (K+) yang diberi salep povidone iodine 10%, kelompok perlakuan (P1, P2, P3) yang diberi perlakuan dengan salep ekstrak daun Afrika 16,8%, 28%, dan 39,2%. Perlakuan diberikan secara topikal pada lokasi luka insisi sebanyak dua kali sehari selama empat belas hari. pada hari keempat belas tikus dieuthanasi dan daerah insisi dieksisi untuk preparasi histopatologi. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan Kruskal-Wallis dengan SPSS 20. Hasil uji menunjukkan p=0,077 yang berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (p>0,05) antara keseluruhan perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut rata-rata P1 menunjukkan hasil skoring kepadatan kolagen tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan yang lain. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu bahwa daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) tidak efektif meningkatkan kepadatan kolagen dalam penyembuhan luka insisi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus).

Diabetes mellitus is one of the degenerative diseases in which the therapy still remains unresolved and is still a serious threat to the global health, including to the health of Indonesian people. The aim of this study was to describe the level of insulin and C-peptide in diabetes mellitus type I white rats treated with pancreatic stem cell allograft through intrapancreatic laparotomy. This study was conducted at the Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya in a 6 month period (July–December 2014). Twelve male white rats Rattus novergicus Wistar strain, were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (P0) was injected by alloxan, 150 mg/kg body weight, without stem cell therapy. Another group was injected by alloxan, 150 mg/kg body weight, and was treated with 1x106/kg body weight pancreatic stem cell throughintrapancreatic laparotomy (P1). The experiment was finalized on the 31th day of the experiment. The results showed that the blood glucose levels at the end of experiment were highly significantly different p

A severe and extensive intestine damages can occur in dogs suffering from volvulus , strangulation,intersuception and neoplasia. Extensive enterectomy is the most common medical treatment for dogssuffering from such disorder. A study was therefore conducted to compare the serum electrolyte level ofextensively enterectomyzed dogs after being treated with different level (0%, 0.05% and 0.5 mg/bodyweight) of lactoferin. As many as 9 dogs at 3-4 moth-old and with the body weights ranging from 4-5 kgwere used. After being enterectomized to the extent of 75% out of the total length of the intestine, the dogswere divided randomly into 3 groups (I, II and III) each of which consisted of 3 dogs. The three groups weretreated for 30 days respectively with 0.0 mg/body weight, 0.05mg/kg body weigth and 0.5mg/kg bodyweight of lactoferin. The electrolyte levels (Na, K and Cl ion) of dogs were determined at days 1, 15 and 30of during the treatment. The data collected from this study were analysed by Analysys of Variance (Anova)proceded by Duncan Multiple Range test (DMRT). The result showed that at days 15 and 30 of thetreatment, the electrolyte levels of the dogs with lactoferin (0.05 and 0.5 mg/body weight) were significantlyhigher than in dogs without lactoferin (0mg/bodyweight). The level of Na ion of dogs with 0,5, 0,05, dan 0mg/kg bw lactoferin were 143, 143,4, dan 141,7 mEq/L respectively at day 15 and 147, 150, dan 137,7mEq/L respectively at day 30. The levels of K ion for those dogs were 5,17, 4,97, dan 3,83 mEq/Lrespectively at day 15 and 30: 5,1, 5,13, 3,73 mEq/L respectively at day 30. Meanwhile, their Cl levelswere 113,7, 114,3, 104 mEq/L respectively at day 15 and 115,3, 117,3, dan 91,3 mEq/L respectively atday 30. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa memperian lactoferin memperbaiki kadar elektrolitserum anjing yang dienterektomi secara ekstensif. It was evidence that lactoferin treatment can improvedthe electrolyte profiles of extensively enterotomized dogs.

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appear to be substantial. Fecal calprotectin is a promising biomarker in COVID-19 associated gastrointestinal inflammation; however, its role in the severity of COVID-19 remains limited. We conducted a study to analyze the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and hypoxic intestinal damage. Methods We assessed the severity of 44 hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients based on the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio. Inflammatory markers were measured from blood samples, and fecal calprotectin was obtained from stool samples. Results Median levels of fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 patients involved in this study (n = 44) were found to be markedly elevated along with the severity of hypoxemia, as seen in the non-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) group 21.4 µg/g (5.2–120.9), mild ARDS 54.30 µg/g (5.2–1393.7), moderate ARDS 169.6 µg/g (43.4–640.5), and severe ARDS 451.6 µg/g (364.5–538.6). We also found significant differences in fecal calprotectin levels based on the severity of ARDS (P

This service activity is the application of an innovative submersible solar pump in a hydro-organic greenhouse environment in Grangsil Jambangan, Malang Regency. This is motivated by the need for water that can only be obtained through deep wells with submersible pumps in hydro-organic greenhouses that already use solar power plants but have insufficient power. The purpose of this service is to provide theoretical and practical understanding for Tour conscious group (POKDARWIS) Jambangan members as managers of the hydro-organic greenhouse. The methods used include focus group discussions (FGD) and joint practice in developing solar power plants for submersible pumps. After the implementation of this program, there was an increase in the capacity of the solar power plants, which has been able to turn on submersible pumps, hydroganic circulation pumps, and other needs. In one day, the submersible pump only needs to be turned on for 2 hours and produces 4,572 liters of water, sufficient for greenhouse hydroganic needs and other needs. Another positive impact is that POKDARWIS Jambangan members have been able to manage and maintain PLTS for a hydro-organic greenhouse. The submersible water pump prototype for hydroganic agriculture at the greenhouse using independent energy is very practical and efficient so it is expected to become a prototype for modern agricultural facilities in the context of a national-scale food security improvement program.

Background: ACE-2 receptors are well-known as binding receptors to spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 highly expressed in the gastrointestinal system. The Role of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and its effect on gut inflammation in COVID-19 patients are still not well-understood. This study aims to determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load on gastrointestinal inflammation. Methods: A total of 44 inpatient subjects who fulfilled eligibility criteria were examined for cycle threshold values from nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from several nucleic levels based on fluorescence signal and calprotectin levels of stool samples using Calprotectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: Of 44 subjects, 52.3% were male, with a median age of 52.5 years. Hypertension or diabetes was found in 26 patients. The median cycle threshold value was 31.3 with a value range of 10.9-40.0, median cycle threshold was significantly lower in subjects with comorbidity with P = 0.01. The median fecal calprotectin level was 42 μg/g with a value range of 5.1-1,393.7 μg/g, with median fecal calprotectin significantly higher in subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms with P = 0.008 with a relative risk (RR) of 5.5. There was a significant correlation between cycle threshold and fecal calprotectin in subjects with comorbidity with P Conclusion: Subjects with comorbidity are prone to have higher viral loads paralleled with gastrointestinal inflammation. Subjects with overt gastrointestinal manifestations had a five-fold higher degree of gut inflammation.

Marketing of Micro, Medium and Small Enterprise (MSME) products through exhibitions is an effective means of selling MSME products. However, the COVID-19 outbreak that broke out in early 2020 has a significant impact on the lives of people around the world. Several online marketing alternatives can be done, including: e-Commerce, e-Marketplace, and Virtual Exhibition. Virtual exhibitions can be a solution amid the ban on crowding during large-scale social restrictions. Virtual exhibitions are events that can be watched on computers and cell phones using the internet directly (live streaming) or via Youtube channels from anywhere and anytime. The virtual exhibition and knitting craft workshop entitled "Virtual Expo and Workshop for MSME Malang City was successfully held at Merdeka University Malang on September 12, 2020. Virtual Expo involved 6 MSMEs communities in Malang Raya, each MSME community arranging products at booths along with booth keepers. The knitting workshop was attended by 12 participants on a portable stage. Taking pictures and videos of products and interviewing exhibitors and knitting workshops broadcast live (live streaming). The event applies the results of Higher Education Leading Research in the form of a portable stage and an inflatable stage roof with independent photovoltaic energy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v5i3.4811

Robot tempur merupakan robot yang didesain untuk melakukan peperangan dimedan pertempuran, dalam hal ini robot tempur didesain untuk mempunyai fungsi lain selain berperang yaitu mampu memotong rumput di masa damai, dengan teknologi yang berkembang saat ini peneliti berusaha membuat robot yang dapat dikendalikan dari jarak jauh untuk mengurangi kerugian personil di saat pertempuran terjadi, dan disaat damai robot tersebut dapat membantu meringankan tugas personil yang penuh dengan kegiatan latihan. Oleh Karena itu, peneliti membuat suatu robot yang dapat dikendalikan dari jarak jauh menggunakan RC (Remote Control), robot ini diharapkan dapat membantu pekerjaan personil TNI, baik saat bertempur maupun di masa damai.

Indonesia is a big country with multiethnic populations whose gastric cancer risks have not been elucidated. We performed a nationwide survey and obtained histological specimens from 1053 individuals in 19 cities across the country. We examined the gastric mucosa, the topography, the atrophic gastritis risk factors, and the gastric cancer risk scores. Almost half (46.1%) of the patients with dyspeptic symptoms had histological abnormalities; chronic (36.3%) and atrophic gastritis (28.9%) being the most frequent. Individuals of the Timor ethnicity had the highest prevalence of acute (52.6%) and chronic gastritis (68.4%), even those negative for H. pylori. Our topographic analysis showed the majority of patients had predominantly antral acute and chronic gastritis. A multivariate logistic regression model showed age (Odds ratio [OR], 1.107), Timor ethnicity (OR, 8.531), and H. pylori infection (OR, 22.643) as independent risk factors for presence of atrophic gastritis. In addition, the gastric cancer risk score was highest in those from Timor, Papuan, and Bugis ethnic populations. Overall, Indonesia is a low-risk gastric cancer country. However, several ethnic groups displayed severe gastric mucosa symptoms suggesting policy makers should focus on those ethnic groups to perform gastric cancer screenings and to eradicate H. pylori.