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Wilson’s disease is a disease that results from a genetic disorder that causes copper accumulation. Wilson’s disease has presented challenges for physicians during the last century, but it can be diagnosed and treated over time. Diagnosing Wilson’s disease is challenging for doctors because of its wide range of clinical manifestations and complexity. Studies that can help diagnose Wilson’s disease include a 24-hour copper urine examination and neurological tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, and liver function tests. There is also a scoring system to help medical personnel diagnose this disease. Correct diagnosis and adequate therapy can be provided, such as penicillamine, trientine, zinc, and, most rarely, liver transplantation. It is also necessary to monitor the side effects of treatment and its effectiveness of treatment. When receiving therapy, Wilson’s disease has a better prognosis than if it is not treated.

Predicting the turtle's reproductive status and sexual maturity is necessary for ex-situ breeding and conservation program. The histology of the seminiferous tubules of the Indonesian box turtle (Cuora amboinensis couro) at various ages has not been studied much. This study aims to develop equations to predict the sexual maturity of Indonesian box turtles based on straight carapace length (SCL). Six turtles with SCL sizes 10-21 cm were sacrificed and their testes were taken for morphometric measurements and histological preparations for Hematoxylin Eosin staining. Pearson’s correlation of SCL with testicular maturity parameters was analyzed, followed by Anova Regression. The results showed that there were differences in the morphometry and topographic anatomy of the Indonesian box turtle testes between SCL below 15 cm and above 15 cm. Six turtles with SCL size of 10-21 cm were sacrificed and their testes were taken for morphometric measurements and histological preparations for Hematoxylin Eosin staining. Pearson's correlation of SCL with testicular maturity parameters was analyzed, followed by Regression Anova. The results showed that there were differences in the morphometry and topographic anatomy of the Indonesian box turtle testes between SCL below 15 cm and above 15 cm.

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of chronic liver disease. The morbidity and mortality associated with complications of liver cirrhosis are very high. In cases of death caused by cirrhosis of the liver, it tends to increase from around 676,000 in 1980 to more than one million in 2010, globally equivalent to 2% of all mortality in the world (Mokdad et al., 2014). The mortality rate increases if there are complications such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, esophageal varices, and liver cancer, with success rates of 20-60%, 50%, 70-90% (D'Amico, 2014). In liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices, it is reported that patients with mild and severe liver cirrhosis risk 40% and 85% for varicose veins. So, this research is to determine the correlation between the severity of liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This study was an analytic observational with a cross-sectional study design. The research subjects used in this study were patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices from January 2015 - December 2016. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using the spearman correlation test. Sampling was carried out in total sampling. Results: Of 26 subjects, most of the subjects were men (69.32%), the highest severity of liver cirrhosis from the Child B group (53.85%), and the highest esophageal varices were grade II and III (46,15%). The most results from each group based on the severity of liver cirrhosis were Child A with grade II esophageal varices (66.7%), and Child B with grade II esophageal varices (64.3%), and Child C with esophageal varices grade III esophagus (88.9%). A correlation coefficient was obtained at 0.659 (p

Background: According to the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, broiler meat production in 2020 decreased by 6.3% from the previous year. Several factors can influence chicken productivity, one of which is cage management. The cage has a vital role in success because the comfort of the cage will result in maximum chicken productivity. Aim: To compare the productivity of broiler chickens reared using Closed House and Open House cage systems in the same partnership based on the value of Feed Conversion Ratio, Mortality, and Index Performance. Methods: Data collection was carried out using the literature and observative methods, namely direct observation on two farms using a Closed House and an Open House cage system in Trenggalek Regency in April 2021. Results: A FCR value of Closed House system cages has an FCR value of 1.416, whereas the Open House system was 1.605. The mortality of broiler chickens reared in the Open House system was 842, and in the closed house system was 572. The index performance of broiler chickens raised in the Closed House system was 366.5, whereas in an Open House system, the index performance was 319.4. Conclusion: The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Mortality, and Index Performance Index (IP) value of broiler chickens reared in the Closed House system cage was higher than those in the Open House system cage.

Currently, rice farming land is getting narrower because it is pressed for housing. Ways are needed to utilize narrow land to develop a rice farming system, including hydrogenic farming, which is an organic cultivation system by planting rice on humus soil in plastic cups planted in a row of paralon pipes above fish ponds, integrating a hydro system (water circulation) nutritious and organic systems (without chemical fertilizers). This Community Partnership Program aims to deal with the problems experienced by service partners, namely the Self-help Agricultural and Rural Training Center "Bengkel Mimpi" in Malang Regency which carries out hydroganic rice cultivation, namely how to obtain alternative sources of electricity so that financial expenditures for electricity can be increased. So far, only state electricity company can save more/reduce, so that the solution and output target implemented in overcoming these problems is in the form of a solar power plant which is used to drive 12 hydraulic water pumps. The method of service is action research: discussion, design and application of solar power plants. After going through technical calculations, 6 100 wp solar panels were installed, complete with support brackets, 3 100 AH batteries, 1 solar charge controller, 1 3000 WA inverter, 12 water pumps. The advantage of this solar power plant is the design aspect of the solar panel support bracket which is made attractively resembles the shape of a sunflower. The test results have been carried out in sunny conditions this solar power plant produces 2,144 Watt Hours. The output of this Community Partnership Program can be used as a model for alternative sources of electricity in other villages nationally, especially on hydrogenic and hydroponic agricultural lands which are located far from the state electricity network. Keywords: hydrogenic rice, action research, solar power generation

Saat ini ada cara lain untuk memanfaatkan lahan sempit sebagai usaha untuk mengembangkan hasil pertanian, yaitu dengan cara bercocok tanam secara Hidroponik. Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) menangani beberapa permasalahan yang dialami oleh mitra pengabdian yaitu Kelompok Wanita Tani “Anggrek” di Desa Sutojayan Kecamatan Pakisaji Kabupaten Malang. Permasalahan yang sedang dihadapi oleh “Anggrek” adalah cara penanaman yang efisien pada lahan sempit dan pengembangan teknologi sumber tenaga listrik alternatif. Tujuan dari PKM ini adalah menyelesaikan masalah yang dialami oleh KWT “Anggrek” yaitu penanaman sayur di lahan terbatas secara efisien dengan menggunakan energi listrik mandiri. Solusi dan target luaran yang akan dilaksanakan dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut berupa sebuah greenhouse dengan tanaman hidroganik yang menggunakan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) untuk menggerakkan pompa air hidroponik dan lampu penerangan jalan di kawasan greenhouse. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi: (1) Diskusi kebutuhan; (2) Desain dan perhitungan greenhouse, hidroponik, dan PLTS; (3) Pembuatan dan pengoperasian greenhouse, hidroponik dan PLTS. Hasil PKM ini adalah sebuah greenhouse dengan pertanian sistem hidroponik energi listrik mandiri, meliputi 4 buah solar panel 100 wp lengkap dengan bracket penyangga, 2 buah battery 100 AH, 1 buah solar charge controller, 1 buah inverter 1000 WA, 4 buah pompa air; Keberadaan Greenhous Hidroponik dengan PLTS ini dapat menjadi sarana edukasi bagi pihak yang mengunjungi sehingga ada kemungkinan untuk mengembangkannya di daerah lain

Saat ini ada cara lain untuk memanfaatkan lahan sempit sebagai usaha untuk mengembangkan hasil pertanian, yaitu dengan cara bercocok tanam secara Hidroganik yaitu sistem budidaya organik dengan menanam padi pada tanah humus di dalam gelas plastik yang ditanam pada jajaran pipa paralon diatas kolam ikan, memadukan sistem hidro (sirkulasi air bernutrisi) dan sistem organik (tanpa pupuk kimia). Sumber nutrisi utama dari hidroganik ini diperoleh dari pupuk organik padat dan cair serta air kolam yang di-treatment sebagai nutrisi tanaman. Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan untuk menangani permasalahan yang dialami oleh mitra pengabdian yaitu Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian dan Pedesaan Swadaya “Bengkel Mimpi” di Dusun Krajan Desa Kanigoro RT 33 RW 03 Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabupaten Malang yang melakukan budidaya padi secara hidroganik. Masalahnya adalah bagaimana mendapatkan sumber tenaga listrik alternatif agar pengeluaran keuangan untuk listrik yang selama ini hanya dari PLN dapat lebih dihemat/dikurangi, sehingga solusi dan target luaran yang dilaksanakan dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut berupa pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) yang digunakan untuk menggerakkan 12 buah pompa air hidroganik dan 2 buah lampu penerangan jalan di kawasan “Bengkel Mimpi”. Setelah melalui perhitungan teknis, dipasang 6 buah solar panel 100 wp lengkap dengan bracket penyangga, 3 buah battery 100 AH, 1 buah solar charge controller, 1 buah inverter 3000 WA, 12 buah pompa air. Kelebihan dari PLTS ini adalah aspek desain bracket penyangga solar panel yang dibuat atraktif menyerupai bentuk bunga matahari. Hasil pengujian telah dilakukan dalam kondisi cerah PLTS ini menghasilkan 2.144 WattJam. Luaran PKM ini dapat dijadikan sebagai model sumber tenaga listrik alternative di desa-desa lain secara nasional terutama pada lahan-lahan pertanian hidroganik maupun hidroponik yang lokasinya jauh dari jaringan listrik PLN.

This service activity is the application of an innovative submersible solar pump in a hydro-organic greenhouse environment in Grangsil Jambangan, Malang Regency. This is motivated by the need for water that can only be obtained through deep wells with submersible pumps in hydro-organic greenhouses that already use solar power plants but have insufficient power. The purpose of this service is to provide theoretical and practical understanding for Tour conscious group (POKDARWIS) Jambangan members as managers of the hydro-organic greenhouse. The methods used include focus group discussions (FGD) and joint practice in developing solar power plants for submersible pumps. After the implementation of this program, there was an increase in the capacity of the solar power plants, which has been able to turn on submersible pumps, hydroganic circulation pumps, and other needs. In one day, the submersible pump only needs to be turned on for 2 hours and produces 4,572 liters of water, sufficient for greenhouse hydroganic needs and other needs. Another positive impact is that POKDARWIS Jambangan members have been able to manage and maintain PLTS for a hydro-organic greenhouse. The submersible water pump prototype for hydroganic agriculture at the greenhouse using independent energy is very practical and efficient so it is expected to become a prototype for modern agricultural facilities in the context of a national-scale food security improvement program.

Kualitas produk bimbingan di sebabkan beberapa faktor yang juga merupakan elemen kinerja dosen juga diantaranya lulusan dosen, bidang keahlian, mata kuliah yang diajar, jumlah mahasiswa lulusan. Penentuan dosen bimbingan pada setiap topik tugas akhir yang dilakukan prodi manajemen selama ini masih berdasarkan satu variabel saja yaitu lulusan dosen, belum ada variabel pertimbangan lain seperti yang tersebut diatas. Perlu dilakukan klasifikasi kinerja dosen yang meliputi lulusan dosen, bidang keahlian, mata kuliah yang diajar, jumlah mahasiswa lulusan terhadap ploting topik bimbingan tugas akhir mahasiswa. Hasil klasifikasi mampu memberikan dukungan keputusan dalam menentukan dosen-dosen yang berkompeten pada setiap jenis topik tugas akhir.

The Community Partnership Program (PKM) for tarpaulin fish pond fisheries using photovoltaic electrical energy sources was carried out in Sutojayan Village, Pakisaji District, Malang Regency. The purpose of the community service is to deal with problems that occur in Sutojayan Village related to food security through the application of appropriate technology. The methods of the activities are: 1) focus group discussions and technology dissemination, 2) construction of biofloc catfish tarpaulin ponds and PLTS, and 3) skills and management training of biofloc catfish and PLTS. The result of this program is an increase in the skills of catfish farming groups in applying the biofloc system, business bookkeeping and processing harvests. In addition, there has also been an increase in catfish yields. Furthermore, this program as established 3 (three) biofloc catfish tarpaulin ponds, a set of PLTS, and a management group.

Background Gastrointestinal manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appear to be substantial. Fecal calprotectin is a promising biomarker in COVID-19 associated gastrointestinal inflammation; however, its role in the severity of COVID-19 remains limited. We conducted a study to analyze the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and hypoxic intestinal damage. Methods We assessed the severity of 44 hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients based on the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio. Inflammatory markers were measured from blood samples, and fecal calprotectin was obtained from stool samples. Results Median levels of fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 patients involved in this study (n = 44) were found to be markedly elevated along with the severity of hypoxemia, as seen in the non-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) group 21.4 µg/g (5.2–120.9), mild ARDS 54.30 µg/g (5.2–1393.7), moderate ARDS 169.6 µg/g (43.4–640.5), and severe ARDS 451.6 µg/g (364.5–538.6). We also found significant differences in fecal calprotectin levels based on the severity of ARDS (P P r = − 0.697, P Conclusion Our findings support the potential role of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in COVID-19 as a consequence of hypoxic intestinal damage and as suggested by the reduced P/F ratio.

There is no periodic scheduling of Air Conditioner (AC) maintenance, which stems from the lack of recording on the maintenance card and maintenance book, resulting in a lot of AC damage that propagates from one component to component until finally the AC cannot function completely. A system is needed to provide information that will remind the time of maintenance as the first step in optimizing the life of the air conditioner. The purpose of this study is to build an information system of maintenance-reminder, so that the air conditioner used is maintained according to a predetermined schedule. The method used to build this system is a waterfall with five steps, namely: analysis, design, implementation, and testing. To Test the system that has been made, in this study using black box-testing by checking every part of each system. Our findings are to produce a standardized maintenance reminder system. The test results show that all components in the system are functioning properly, so it is easier for users to know which air conditioners need maintenance. With this system, it can maximize the maintenance function to optimize service life.

Background: Varanus salvator is one of the reptiles being hunted by human beings for several purposes, including traditional medicine. The studies about reproductive biology aspects were limited. Aim: This study aimed to determine the morphology, histology, and histometry of V. salvator paryphasmata and hemibaculum based on Snout-Vent Length (SVL) as an indicator of sexual maturity. Methods: This study examined 18 pairs of hemipenis of V. salvator with SVL more and less than 40 cm in equal number. Paryphasmata and hemibaculum parts were observed visually and micro-sliced, then stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). The histological observation was conducted under a 40×, 100×, and 400× magnification of a light microscope. The histometry of the paryphasmata was examined using 13 Megapixels Coolpad and OptiLab Plus for microscopic pictures. The chondrocyte cell area was measured using the Optilab Plus and Image Raster three applications. Results: The sizes of glans of hemipenis, paryphasmata, and hemibaculum increased according to the increasing of SVL. The average paryphasmata row number, epidermis, and loose connective tissue thickness were not significantly different (p > 0.05). However, dense connective tissue was thicker (p < 0.05), which corresponds to SVL. Hemibaculum was composed of fibrous and hyaline cartilage characterized by chondrocyte cells. The SVL also affects (p < 0.05) the ossification of hyaline in hemipenis, while the chondrocyte cell area followed the equation −1.87E7 + 7.09E5* SVL. Conclusion: The SVL size of V. salvator affects the paryphasmata, hemibaculum, thickness of dense connective tissue of paryphasmata, and the area of chondrocyte cells.

Strawberry is a kind of plant that can grow well in the highlands. The cultivation of strawberry plants requires a large area of ​​land, whereas in urban areas the land is increasingly narrow. The best solution to overcome this is by cultivating an aeroponic system. Aeroponic systems utilize the element of water or solution which is sprayed in the form of mist and will hit the roots of plants. The pH monitoring system in strawberry plants is carried out to observe changes in the PH of the water sprayed to the roots of the plants according to the PH requirements of the strawberry plants. The monitoring system using Android with a user interface that is easy to use and PH information of strawberry plants can be easily monitored. At pH, it has an error of 0.33%, while for other tests it has an error of 0.16%. For sending data with the HC05 module testing with a distance of 10 meters and 20 meters the device can be connected properly and data reception is also good. For a distance of 25 meters and 30 meters, there is a delay in the process of receiving data, for testing distances of 35 meters and 40 meters the receipt of data is incomplete and the data displayed is also irregular. Then for testing with a distance of 55 meters an error occurred and a distance of 57 meters could not be connected

Dyspepsia is a frequent main symptom of inpatients and outpatients scenario in Indonesia. However, the number of endoscopy facilities are still low, thus the use of non-invasive method to detect gastritis is necessary. We measured the relationship between urease levels and the stage of gastritis in dyspeptic adult patients.A cross-sectional study included outpatient dyspepsia patient from November 2018 to February 2019. We examined 14C-Urea Breath Test (UBT) and determined the stage of gastritis based on the Updated Sydney System classification.The urease level of acute and chronic gastritis positive patients were higher than negative patients (p = 0.001, r = 0.353; p0.0001, r = 0.433, respectively). The AUC value of 14C-UBT to detect acute, chronic, and atrophic gastritis are 0.889, 0.632 and 0.544, respectively. The best cut-off points of 14C-UBT to predict acute gastritis was ≥26.50δ‰ with sensitivity and specificity being 88.89% and 63.95%, respectively. Whereas the best cut-off points for chronic gastritis was ≥34.50δ‰ with 82.89% sensitivity, 63.16% specificity. As for atrophic gastritis, it showed very low AUC value, hence it is not a sufficient test modality to predict atrophic gastritis cases.14C-UBT is sufficient for predicting acute or chronic gastritis but not for atrophic gastritis.

The prevalence of hepatitis B infection in Indonesia is still alarming, while its therapies cannot eradicate the virus and only aim for long term viral suppression. HBsAg quantification has become an emphasis on researches, regarding its capacity to identify the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection and predict the outcome of therapies. This review aims to determine the clinical role of HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B infection by reviewing textbooks, journal articles, and review articles without language restriction. This review finds that HBsAg is capable of predicting degrees of liver fibrosis severity in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Furthermore, HBsAg quantification can be used to distinguish inactive carriers from patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. The decrease of HBsAg is a good predictor of HBsAg loss, and it denotes discontinuation of nucleoside/nucleotide analog therapy. HBsAg quantification is also used in combined PEG-IFN and nucleoside/nucleotide analog therapy. Nevertheless, this role is still controversial. Additionally, HBsAg cannot replace the major roles of HBV DNA measurement in therapy management. Using either HBsAg or HBV DNA in therapy algorithm decreases its predictive value, hence recommendation to use both. In identifying patients with occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), HBV DNA still cannot be replaced by HBsAg quantification. Furthermore, HBsAg quantification may not be a good predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with OBI. Future studies are expected to demonstrate the role of HBsAg in current hepatitis B therapy and also future therapies.

Dengan adanya perkembanganoteknologi pada masa ini, banyak peralatanoyang dirancang untuk memberi kemudahan bagi masyarakat salah satunya adalah teknologi pengolahan makanan salah satu makanan yang sering di makan masyarakat Indonesia adalah nasi goreng, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat sistem mesin nasi goren otomatis menggunakan metode PID menggunakan Arduino Mega 2560, Dalam penelitian ini berhasil membangun dan menerapkan metode PID untuk menemukan sistem pemasakan dan suhu ideal memasak nasi yang menghasil kan nilai eror 2,59%, 4,68% dan 6,21% dengan nilai rata-rata nilai eror.

The development of the city has made a lot of agricultural land turned into residential land and other urban facilities so that agricultural land becomes increasingly narrow so that it can weaken the food safety program. Another way is needed to utilize narrow land in an effort to develop agricultural products, namely by farming and maintaining fish hydroganic. Hydroganic comes from the words "Hydro" and "Organic" which are defined as organic cultivation systems by combining the hydro system and the organic system. The main source of nutrition from hydroganic is obtained from solid and liquid organic fertilizer and fish pond water that is treated as plant nutrition. The Hydroganic Technology Dissemination Program with independent electricity sources from solar power plants was carried out in Kampung Bunga Grangsil, Jambangan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. Communities that are the perpetrators of the activities are the Tourism Awareness Group "Kampoeng Boenga Grangsil" and the "Syakura Arum" Farmer Women's Group. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative method, beginning with the design, the creation of an Independent Energy Hydroganic Greenhouse and the planting of vegetables and fish stocking. Retrieval of data in the form of observations and documentation of photos and videos on activities: a) lectures and discussions; b) practice of making bamboo structures greenhouses; c) the practice of installing hydroganic plants; d) the practice of installing solar power plants; e) Hydroganic vegetable and fish growing practices. Through this program the construction of a tunnel-shaped greenhouse with bamboo structure has been carried out successfully, 2 (two) hydroganic farming facilities complete with fish ponds, 1 (one) solar power generation unit consisting of 4 solar panels each with a capacity of 100 wp with energy storage in the form of a 100 AH 12 V battery and a 1000 WH inverter in sunny conditions producing a minimum of 13.6 Amp, 18.8 V can meet the energy needs to drive the water circulation pump and greenhouse lighting lamps and the surrounding environment. Planting sla and mustard greens as well as spreading catfish and tilapia in mid-August 2019, lettuce vegetables can be harvested at the end of September 2019. The success that can be seen is that when farmers cannot grow vegetables in dry land, the vegetable plants in this hydroganic greenhouse remain fertile and healthy because water circulation occurs continuously. Tunnel-shaped greenhouse with bamboo structure using independent energy for hydropower farming is very practical, efficient and quick to build and can be planted with vegetables and spread fish throughout the year without pause is expected to be a prototype of modern agricultural and fishery facilities without relying on the rainy or dry season in the framework of the program increase national scale food safety. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/lw.v12i1.3676

Objective: To create an animal model of vesicovaginal fistula as a modality to develop therapy.Material and Methods: This study was an preliminary experimental study to create new fistula vesicovaginal formation in a rabbit model. Six female New Zealand white rabbits of Stem Cell Research and Development Center of Universitas Airlangga were used in this study and were divided into 3 groups in which there were 2 rabbits in each group. Vesicovaginal fistula formation was performed through laparotomy surgery. After the abdomen is opened, the Nasogastric tube is inserted vaginally into the anterior vaginal wall. The incision is made on the anterior vaginal wall and the posterior wall of the bladder. The Nasogastric tube that comes out of the vagina is inserted into the bladder incision to maintain the formation of vesicovaginal fistula. Both mucosal walls are sutured and tested to determine if there is any leak. Evaluation the model of vesicovaginal fistula was carried out 3 weeks postoperatively according the group.Result: Four out of six rabbits have formed vesicovaginal fistulas, which are from groups two and three. There are no complications during the treatment period until terminationConclusion: Rabbits have the potential to become experimental animals for the vesicovaginal fistula model. The best time to release a nasogastric tube to maintain a fistula is 2 weeks.

The disease that is quite detrimental to cattle is gastrointestinal parasitic infection. Gastrointestinal parasites infect the cattle by taking host nutrients that would caused emaciation, lethargy, and decreased productivity. This study aims to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Jombang District. This research was conducted in July to August 2019 with 100 samples of cattle feces. Sample examinations were carried out in the laboratory of the Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Universitas Airlangga using the sedimentation and floating methods. Detection of parasites in all samples using microscope with magnification of 100x and 400x. On examination, several types of parasites were found included Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara vitulorum, Oesophagostomum spp., Moniezia expansa, Blastocystis spp. and Eimeria spp. The results of this study were found the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites on beef cattle in Jombang district was 35% with a worm infection prevalence of 15% and protozoan infections of 20%.

This study aims to determine the ectoparasites and endoparasites that infest fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis) in Ketapang Timur, Ketapang District, Sampang Regency. The samples in this study were blood, feces and ectoparasites from 50 fruit bats taken in Ketapang District, Sampang Regency. Blood samples were examined using a blood smear method with Giemsa staining, while stool samples were examined using three methods, namely native, sucrose floating, and acid-fast modification. Blood examination was checked using a microscope with 1000x magnification and stool examination at 400x magnification. The sample is considered positive if under microscope observation found parasites that match the characteristics of the protozoa sourced from scientific references. The results of the study of 50 fruit bats examined found five positives for digestive protozoa and ectoparasites, the infection was single, with details of one tail being infected with Eimeria sp. and one tail was infected by Leptocyclopodia ferrarii, while blood protozoa were not found. This study concludes that the type of protozoa found in the digestive tract is Eimeria sp. (14%) and ectoparasite Leptocyclopodia ferrarii. (2%). The total percentage obtained was 16% positive for a single infection of protozoa and ectoparasites from 50 fruit bats. Suggestions that can be put forward are to conduct further research using PCR and sequencing to obtain more specific and accurate identification results, for subspecies or strains.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the extrahepatic complications of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that needs to be recognized early. HOMA-IR is an effective way to measure insulin resistancy. Core proteins, NS-3, and NS-5 are the main components of HCV RNA proteins which are involved in the incidence of IR. Seeing this, a hypothesis was developed that the level of HCV RNA viral load was related to the HOMA-IR. This study was designed to identify the correlation between HCV RNA viral load with HOMA-IR in chronic hepatitis C patients.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional approach from the medical record of chronic hepatitis C patients at the outpatient clinic dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. A total of 30 patients aged >19 years old with complete medical records were included. Clinical and laboratory (including HCV RNA viral load level and HOMA-IR) data were obtained from the availability of medical records.Result: A total of 30 chronic hepatitis C patients, 17 (56.7%) were women and 13 (43.3%) were men, with mean age was 50.90 ± 7.17 years. The median of HCV RNA viral load level was 3,14 x106 IU/ml and the median of HOMA-IR was 4.50. The result of the Spearman correlation test showed a moderate positive association between HCV RNA viral load and HOMA-IR (r=0.537 ; p=0.002).Conclusion: A positive moderate correlation was obtained between HCV RNA viral load with HOMA-IR in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Kebutuhan antena dalam jaringan nirkabel semakin meningkat. Selain itu, diperlukan sebuah antena yang kecil dan fleksibel mengingat banyak piranti yang bersifat mobile , sehingga antena mikrostrip menjadi pilihan yang terbaik. Salah satu contoh piranti itu, yaitu wireless sensor . Dalam konsepnya sendiri, wireless sensor merupakan jaringan dari beberapa sensor yang terdistribusi dan dikontrol oleh komputer dalam jarak jauh. Setiap sensor memiliki perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras yang kemudian digabung dan dijalankan dalam sebuah sistem sensor tanpa kabel. Frekuensi umum yang digunakan pada piranti ini sama dengan wifi . Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dibuatlah antena mikrostrp polarisasi circular dengan model patch Yin-Yang pada frekuensi 2.5 GHz untuk wireless sensor . Dari hasil simulasi antena dengan menggunakan software didapatkan return loss sebesar -16.5847 dB dengan lebar pita bandwidth sebesar 292.6  MHz atau 11.85%. Nilai VSWR sesuai dengan yang diharapkan yaitu < 2, dengan nilai 1.3479. nilai axial ratio didapatkan 1.1202 dB, sehingga polarisasi circular . Untuk nilai matching sebesar (1.2433 – 0.2290j)Ω.

— Tomato plants are one of the many agricultural commodities needed by the community. Most farmers grow tomatoes in conventional ways in the fields, fields or plantations without the control and measurement relying on experience and habitual factors, so the need for pH and temperature of the planting space of tomato plants cannot be given according to their needs, while the pH requirements of tomato plants range 6.5 and the planting room temperature is 2 8 °C, and soil moisture is 70 %, using the hydroponic planting method which is automatically controlled by the Arduino-based microcontroller with the application of fuzzy mamdani making it easy to do pH setting of planting media using soil pH sensor as input and temperature of planting room using LM35 temperature sensor, and soil moisture sensor using humidity sensor fc28, as the system output fan and selenoid valve are used. To find out plant nutrition, one of the indicators is the pH value of soil media, room temperature and humidity of the planting medium.

he research was conducted on the pig farm owned by Mr. Santo, at the West Bandulan, Sukun Sub District of Malang in East Java province for 4 weeks (1 month). This research uses 4 pigs where 2 tails are fed automatically and the 2 tail still uses manual way. The purpose of this research is to provide farmers with information on the effects of feeding timely on the increase in pig weight. The method used is the experiment (experimental) consisting of 2 experiments that were first performed automatic feeding of 2 pigs that both feed manually against 2 pigs so as to find a comparison of The experiment. Looking at this, then the author devised a tool scheduling and automatic feeding of Arduino-based Mega 2560. With this tool, the author hopes to help pig farmers in increasing pig weights and relieve breeder's work. Thereby can improve the welfare of pig farmers. Results of the experiment showed the growth of pigs using the automated system better with the result 0.58 – 0.68 kg per day.