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It is well known that the shielding against out-of-field scattered radiation is not very effective on whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) scanners operated with their slice-defining septa retracted. Additional shielding can be employed during neurological studies since the diameter of the head is much less than the field of view required for imaging the human torso. We have designed, built, and tested (on the CTI HR+PET scanner) a new lead-plate shielding system that mounts on the scanner's removable headrest. We call this device the 'NeuroShield.' The outer diameter of the 9-mm-thick lead plate is 550 mm, which has a 'U'-shaped hole 220 mm in diameter. It is positioned just above the subject's shoulders. A molded plastic coupling piece, produced by stereo-lithography, was designed to accommodate the complex shape of the headrest under the subject's neck and provide a flat surface for mounting the lead plate. Our testing on human subjects involved comparing the prompt and random count rates and dead time during bolus-water activation studies. Scans on different subjects (matched for age and sex) with no additional shielding, with the CTI neurological insert, and with the NeuroShield were compared. The random counts were reduced by a factor of 1.56 when using the permanent CTI neurological insert and 1.44 using the NeuroShield. The NeuroShield is easily removed to allow whole-body scanning. It can remain in place as the couch extends through the scanning tunnel in the gantry. Its main application will be at PET centers doing a mixture of whole-body and neurological studies, where the CTI neurological insert cannot be installed permanently.