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6. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms, Social Media Use Intensity, and Social Media Use Problems in Adolescents: Investigating Directionality

Author

Boer, Maartje, Stevens, Gonneke, Finkenauer, Catrin, and van den Eijnden, Regina

Abstract

Cross-sectional research shows that adolescents' social media use (SMU) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-symptoms are related, but it is unclear whether this relation is explained by SMU intensity or by addiction-like SMU problems. Also, due to the lack of longitudinal studies, the direction of this relation remains unknown. This study aims to disentangle which type of SMU is related to ADHD-symptoms, and in which direction, using a three-wave longitudinal study among Dutch adolescents aged 11-15 years (n = 543). Findings suggest a unidirectional relation: SMU problems increased ADHD-symptoms over time, SMU intensity did not. This implies that problematic use, rather than the intensity of use harmfully affects adolescents' ADHD-symptoms.

Published
2020
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9. The Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Construction of the Family Affluence Scale: Findings from 16 Countries

Author

Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Stevens, Boer, Maartje, Moreno-Maldonado, Concepción, Dierckens, Maxim, Lenzi, Michela, Currie, Candace, Residori, Caroline, Bosáková, Lucia, Berchialla, Paola, Eida, Tamsyn, Stevens, Gonneke, Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Stevens, Boer, Maartje, Moreno-Maldonado, Concepción, Dierckens, Maxim, Lenzi, Michela, Currie, Candace, Residori, Caroline, Bosáková, Lucia, Berchialla, Paola, Eida, Tamsyn, and Stevens, Gonneke

Published
2024

10. The bidirectional relationships between fear of missing out, problematic social media use and adolescents’ well-being: A random intercept cross-lagged panel model

Author

Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Stevens, Li, Yan Yu, Koning, Ina M., Finkenauer, Catrin, Boer, Maartje, van den Eijnden, Regina J.J.M., Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Stevens, Li, Yan Yu, Koning, Ina M., Finkenauer, Catrin, Boer, Maartje, and van den Eijnden, Regina J.J.M.

Published
2024

17. Examining the role of civic attitudes in the link between family wealth and school dropout among tertiary vocational students

Author

Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Thomaes, Social and personality development: A transactional approach, Urban Accessibility and Social Inclusion, Familierecht en IPR, Parel Familie en recht / UCERF, Leerstoel Stevens, Finkenauer, Catrin, Boer, Maartje, Spitzer, Jenna, Weinberg, Dominic, Visser, Kirsten, Jonker, Merel, Stevens, Gonneke W.J.M., Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Thomaes, Social and personality development: A transactional approach, Urban Accessibility and Social Inclusion, Familierecht en IPR, Parel Familie en recht / UCERF, Leerstoel Stevens, Finkenauer, Catrin, Boer, Maartje, Spitzer, Jenna, Weinberg, Dominic, Visser, Kirsten, Jonker, Merel, and Stevens, Gonneke W.J.M.

Published
2023

20. #ConnectedTeens: Social media use and adolescent wellbeing

Author

Boer, Maartje, Finkenauer, C., Eijnden, R.J.J.M. van den, Stevens, G.W.J.M., and University Utrecht

Subjects
social media use, social media addiction, social media disorder, problematic social media use, adolescents, wellbeing, ADHD, depression, Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, Digital Youth Project
Abstract

As there are great societal concerns about the consequences of adolescents’ social media use, this dissertation investigated the relation between adolescents’ social media use and wellbeing. We used longitudinal data from Dutch adolescents participating in the Digital Youth Project between 2015 and 2019, as well as (inter)nationally representative cross-sectional data from adolescents participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in 2017/2018. In our research, we distinguished between the intensity of social media use and problematic social media use. The intensity of social media use was indicated by, for example, how many times per day someone views social network sites. Problematic social media use was characterized by symptoms of addiction to social media use, such as loss of control over social media use. Results indicated that this distinction is important. First, many adolescents engage in intensive social media use without developing problematic social media use. Second, problematic social media use seems to contribute to lower wellbeing, such as decreased life satisfaction and increased attention problems, while higher intensity of social media use in general does not. Third, in contrast to problematic social media use, we found indications that higher intensity of social media use is beneficial for adolescents’ wellbeing, as our results showed that intensive users of social media perceived more friend support than non-intensive users. These findings inform professionals concerned with the wellbeing of youth that mainly problematic social media use is harmful, while higher intensity of social media use is often not. Given the potential detrimental nature of problematic social media use, prevention and intervention programs on (reducing) problematic social media use are warranted.

Published
2022

21. Cross-national validation of the Social Media Disorder-scale: Findings from adolescents from 44 countries

Author

Boer, Maartje, van den Eijnden, Regina J J M, Finkenauer, Catrin, Boniel-Nissim, Meyran, Marino, Claudia, Inchley, Jo, Cosma, Alina, Paakkari, Leena, Stevens, Gonneke W J M, Leerstoel Finkenauer, and Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts

Subjects
HBSC, Psychiatry and Mental health, problematic social media use, Medicine (miscellaneous), Adolescents, international validation, psychometric tests, social media addiction
Abstract

Background and aims: There is currently no cross-national validation of a scale that measures problematic social media use (SMU). The present study investigated and compared the psychometric properties of the social media disorder (SMD) scale among young adolescents from different countries. Design: Validation study. Setting and participants: Data came from 222 532 adolescents from 44 countries participating in the health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) survey (2017/2018). The HBSC survey was conducted in the European region and Canada. Participants were on average aged 13.54 years (standard deviation = 1.63) and 51.24% were girls. Measurement: Problematic SMU was measured using the nine-item SMD scale with dichotomous response options. Findings: Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) showed good model fit for a one-factor model across all countries (minimum comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.963 and 0.951, maximum root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.057 and 0.060), confirming structural validity. The internal consistency of the items was adequate in all countries (minimum alpha = 0.840), indicating that the scale provides reliable scores. Multi-group CFA showed that the factor structure was measurement invariant across countries (ΔCFI = −0.010, ΔRMSEA = 0.003), suggesting that adolescents’ level of problematic SMU can be reliably compared cross-nationally. In all countries, gender and socio-economic invariance was established, and age invariance was found in 43 of 44 countries. In line with prior research, in almost all countries, problematic SMU related to poorer mental wellbeing (range βSTDY = 0.193–0.924, P < 0.05) and higher intensity of online communication (range βSTDY = 0.163–0.635, P < 0.05), confirming appropriate criterion validity. Conclusions: The social media disorder scale appears to be suitable for measuring and comparing problematic social media use among young adolescents across many national contexts.

Published
2022

25. Cross-national validation of the Social Media Disorder-scale: Findings from adolescents from 44 countries

Author

Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Boer, Maartje, van den Eijnden, Regina J J M, Finkenauer, Catrin, Boniel-Nissim, Meyran, Marino, Claudia, Inchley, Jo, Cosma, Alina, Paakkari, Leena, Stevens, Gonneke W J M, Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Boer, Maartje, van den Eijnden, Regina J J M, Finkenauer, Catrin, Boniel-Nissim, Meyran, Marino, Claudia, Inchley, Jo, Cosma, Alina, Paakkari, Leena, and Stevens, Gonneke W J M

Published
2022

28. HBSC 2021. Gezondheid en welzijn van jongeren in Nederland

Author

Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Bogt, Boer, Maartje, van Dorsselaer, S. A. F. M., de Looze, Margreet, de Roos, S. A., Brons, Hilde, van den Eijnden, Regina, Monshouwer, Karin, Huijnk, Willem, ter Bogt, Tom, Vollebergh, Wilma, Stevens, Gonneke, Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Bogt, Boer, Maartje, van Dorsselaer, S. A. F. M., de Looze, Margreet, de Roos, S. A., Brons, Hilde, van den Eijnden, Regina, Monshouwer, Karin, Huijnk, Willem, ter Bogt, Tom, Vollebergh, Wilma, and Stevens, Gonneke

Published
2022

29. The course of problematic social media use in young adolescents: A latent class growth analysis

Author

Boer, Maartje, Stevens, Gonneke W J M, Finkenauer, Catrin, van den Eijnden, Regina J J M, Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Finkenauer, and Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts

Subjects
Developmental trajectories, Male, Adolescent, Longitudinal data, Missing data, Addiction, Pediatrics, Young adolescents, Education, Sample, Internet gaming disorder, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Adults, Humans, Social media, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Intense, Network sites use, Depressive symptoms, Class (biology), Childhood, Perinatology, and Child Health, Latent Class Analysis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Psychology, Social Media, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Using four waves of longitudinal data collected in 2015-2019 from 1419 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 12.5, 45.9% female, 21.9% immigrant), this study identified trajectories of problematic social media use (SMU) in parallel with trajectories of SMU frequency. Latent class growth analysis identified two subgroups with relatively high levels of problematic SMU over time: One showed high (24.7%) and one showed average SMU frequency (15.8%). Also, two subgroups with persistently low levels of problematic SMU were identified: One reported low (22.4%) and one reported high SMU frequency (37.1%). Although both subgroups with high levels of problematic SMU reported low subjective well-being, the group with high SMU frequency showed low self-control, whereas the group with average SMU frequency reported poor social competencies.

Published
2021

30. Validation of the Social Media Disorder Scale in Adolescents: Findings From a Large-Scale Nationally Representative Sample.

Author

Boer, Maartje, Stevens, Gonneke W. J. M., Finkenauer, Catrin, Koning, Ina M., and van den Eijnden, Regina J. J. M.

Subjects
*SOCIAL media, *RESEARCH methodology evaluation, *PSYCHOMETRICS, *SCALING (Social sciences), *ADOLESCENCE, RESEARCH evaluation
Abstract

Large-scale validation research on instruments measuring problematic social media use (SMU) is scarce. Using a nationally representative sample of 6,626 Dutch adolescents aged 12 to 16 years, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the nine-item Social Media Disorder scale. The structural validity was solid, because one underlying factor was identified, with adequate factor loadings. The internal consistency was good, but the test information was most reliable at moderate to high scores on the scale's continuum. The factor structure was measurement invariant across different subpopulations. Three subgroups were identified, distinguished by low, medium, and high probabilities of endorsing the criteria. Higher levels of problematic SMU were associated with higher probabilities of mental, school, and sleep problems, confirming adequate criterion validity. Girls, lower educated adolescents, 15-year-olds, and non-Western adolescents were most likely to report problematic SMU. Given its good psychometric properties, the scale is suitable for research on problematic SMU among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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31. Validation of the Social Media Disorder Scale in Adolescents: Findings From a Large-Scale Nationally Representative Sample

Author

Boer, Maartje, Stevens, Gonneke W J M, Finkenauer, Catrin, Koning, Ina M, van den Eijnden, Regina J J M, Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Finkenauer, and Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts

Subjects
Adolescent, Psychometrics, problematic social media use, Structural validity, Reproducibility of Results, Factor structure, psychometric properties, Test (assessment), Clinical Psychology, validation study, Internal consistency, Scale (social sciences), Criterion validity, Humans, Social media, Female, adolescents, Psychology, Social Media, Applied Psychology, Factor analysis, Clinical psychology, social media addiction
Abstract

Large-scale validation research on instruments measuring problematic social media use (SMU) is scarce. Using a nationally representative sample of 6,626 Dutch adolescents aged 12 to 16 years, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the nine-item Social Media Disorder scale. The structural validity was solid, because one underlying factor was identified, with adequate factor loadings. The internal consistency was good, but the test information was most reliable at moderate to high scores on the scale’s continuum. The factor structure was measurement invariant across different subpopulations. Three subgroups were identified, distinguished by low, medium, and high probabilities of endorsing the criteria. Higher levels of problematic SMU were associated with higher probabilities of mental, school, and sleep problems, confirming adequate criterion validity. Girls, lower educated adolescents, 15-year-olds, and non-Western adolescents were most likely to report problematic SMU. Given its good psychometric properties, the scale is suitable for research on problematic SMU among adolescents.

Published
2021

33. Perceived Social Support from Different Sources and Adolescent Life Satisfaction Across 42 Countries/Regions: The Moderating Role of National-Level Generalized Trust

Author

Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Bi, Shanshan, Stevens, Gonneke W J M, Maes, Marlies, Boer, Maartje, Delaruelle, Katrijn, Eriksson, Charli, Brooks, Fiona M, Tesler, Riki, van der Schuur, Winneke A, Finkenauer, Catrin, Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Bi, Shanshan, Stevens, Gonneke W J M, Maes, Marlies, Boer, Maartje, Delaruelle, Katrijn, Eriksson, Charli, Brooks, Fiona M, Tesler, Riki, van der Schuur, Winneke A, and Finkenauer, Catrin

Published
2021

34. Adolescents' Intense and Problematic Social Media Use and Their Well-Being in 29 Countries

Author

Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Boer, Maartje, van den Eijnden, Regina J.J.M., Boniel-Nissim, Meyran, Wong, Suzy Lai, Inchley, Joanna C., Badura, Petr, Craig, Wendy M., Gobina, Inese, Kleszczewska, Dorota, Klanšček, Helena J., Stevens, Gonneke W.J.M., Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Boer, Maartje, van den Eijnden, Regina J.J.M., Boniel-Nissim, Meyran, Wong, Suzy Lai, Inchley, Joanna C., Badura, Petr, Craig, Wendy M., Gobina, Inese, Kleszczewska, Dorota, Klanšček, Helena J., and Stevens, Gonneke W.J.M.

Published
2020

37. The course of problematic social media use in young adolescents: A latent class growth analysis.

Author

Boer, Maartje, Stevens, Gonneke W. J. M., Finkenauer, Catrin, and van den Eijnden, Regina J. J. M.

Subjects
*SOCIAL media, *ADOLESCENT psychology, *SECONDARY school students, *SOCIAL skills, *URBAN teenagers, *SUBURBAN teenagers, *DUTCH people
Abstract

Using four waves of longitudinal data collected in 2015–2019 from 1419 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 12.5, 45.9% female, 21.9% immigrant), this study identified trajectories of problematic social media use (SMU) in parallel with trajectories of SMU frequency. Latent class growth analysis identified two subgroups with relatively high levels of problematic SMU over time: One showed high (24.7%) and one showed average SMU frequency (15.8%). Also, two subgroups with persistently low levels of problematic SMU were identified: One reported low (22.4%) and one reported high SMU frequency (37.1%). Although both subgroups with high levels of problematic SMU reported low subjective well‐being, the group with high SMU frequency showed low self‐control, whereas the group with average SMU frequency reported poor social competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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39. Investigating the bidirectional relationships between fear of missing out, problematic social media use and adolescents' well-being: A random intercept cross-lagged panel model.

Author

YANYU LI, KONING, INA, BOER, MAARTJE, and VAN DEN EIJNDEN, REGINA

Subjects
TEENAGE girls, WELL-being, TEENAGERS, SOCIAL media, LIFE satisfaction
Abstract

Introduction: Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a societal problem, which impacts adolescents' well-being. Fear of missing out (FoMO) has been suggested as a core risk factor predicting both PSMU and adolescents' well-being. However, longitudinal research on the directionality of these relationships is scarce. The present study aims to fill this knowledge gap by testing the bidirectionality of the relationships between FoMO, PSMU and adolescents' life satisfaction in the total sample, as well as for girls and boys separately Methods: This study used four-waves annual longitudinal data collected from 2015 to 2018 among Dutch adolescents aged 11-15 years (n = 1419, Mage = 12.5±0.36, 45.9% girls). We applied Random Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) to separate within-person level from between-person level effects. Results: On the within-person level, findings suggest a unidirectional relationship whereby FoMO increased PSMU during mid-adolescence, particularly among girls, but not vice versa. Moreover, low life satisfaction predicted an increase in FoMO during early adolescents, and PSMU predicted an increase in life satisfaction during mid-adolescence. Conclusion: These findings underline that FoMO can be considered a risk factor of PSMU, especially among adolescent girls, and that low life satisfaction may be a risk factor for developing FoMO. These insights should be considered in intervention programs developed to effectively prevent unhealthy internet use in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

40. Cross-national validation of the social media disorder scale: findings from adolescents from 44 countries.

Author

Boer M, van den Eijnden RJJM, Finkenauer C, Boniel-Nissim M, Marino C, Inchley J, Cosma A, Paakkari L, and Stevens GWJM

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Media
Abstract

Background and Aims: There is currently no cross-national validation of a scale that measures problematic social media use (SMU). The present study investigated and compared the psychometric properties of the social media disorder (SMD) scale among young adolescents from different countries., Design: Validation study., Setting and Participants: Data came from 222 532 adolescents from 44 countries participating in the health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) survey (2017/2018). The HBSC survey was conducted in the European region and Canada. Participants were on average aged 13.54 years (standard deviation = 1.63) and 51.24% were girls., Measurement: Problematic SMU was measured using the nine-item SMD scale with dichotomous response options., Findings: Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) showed good model fit for a one-factor model across all countries (minimum comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.963 and 0.951, maximum root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.057 and 0.060), confirming structural validity. The internal consistency of the items was adequate in all countries (minimum alpha = 0.840), indicating that the scale provides reliable scores. Multi-group CFA showed that the factor structure was measurement invariant across countries (ΔCFI = -0.010, ΔRMSEA = 0.003), suggesting that adolescents' level of problematic SMU can be reliably compared cross-nationally. In all countries, gender and socio-economic invariance was established, and age invariance was found in 43 of 44 countries. In line with prior research, in almost all countries, problematic SMU related to poorer mental wellbeing (range β STDY  = 0.193-0.924, P < 0.05) and higher intensity of online communication (range β STDY  = 0.163-0.635, P < 0.05), confirming appropriate criterion validity., Conclusions: The social media disorder scale appears to be suitable for measuring and comparing problematic social media use among young adolescents across many national contexts., (© 2021 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.)

Published
2022
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