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By now there is no effective treatment for a number of socially significant bacterial and fungal diseases. β-(1→3)-glucans are the principal components of the cell wall of fungi, including Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and other. At the same time, β-(1→3)-glucans are absent in mammals and man, that makes them promising components of carbohydrate-protein conjugated vaccines for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections. Alginic acid, constructed of β-(1→ 4)-linked mannuronic acid are extracellular polysaccharides produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The protein CRM197 is a non toxic derivative of diphtheria toxin, which is widely used as a safe carrier in conjugated vaccines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antigenic activity of experimental samples of the conjugated vaccines based on synthetic oligosaccharide ligands and CRM197 carrier protein in the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two-time immunization Balb/c mice with experimental samples of the conjugated vaccines induced the formation of high titers of specific antibodies. High antibody’s avidity to their oligosaccharide ligands was shown in competitive ELISA. These data suggest the relevance of further preclinical trials of the conjugated antifungal vaccine against Candida and Aspergillus and antibacterial vaccine against Pseudomonas.

Clustering creates a powerful potential of innovational development, providing more successful cooperation between cluster enterprises, increase of competitiveness etc. Consequently, clusters are a necessary condition for provision of economic security of modern economic system, as they stipulate the growth of GDP and development of innovational technologies, thus increasing competitiveness of the country in the global economy. However, clustering can lead to splitting of the countries as to the level of well-being. In other words, the mechanism of sucking into 'underdevelopment whirlpool' of even those economies which rates of 'overtaking development' are considered to be high is at work. Thus, there is a contradiction of clustering, consisting in the fact that cluster is a necessary condition and, at the same time, a threat to economic security of modern economic systems.