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Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] has increased cold, heat, and drought tolerance and decreased susceptibility to diseases and pests than oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Because water deficit at sowing leads to unsatisfactory stand establishment due to irregular seed germination and emergence, the aim of this study was to understand the response of camelina germination under osmotic stress and identify critical soil moisture levels for successful establishment. Two spring cultivars, NS Slatka and NS Zlatka, developed at the Institute of Fieldand Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Serbia, were compared under 9 levels of osmotic stress, ranging from 0 MPa to - 1.6 MPa. Polyethylene glycol was used to obtain the osmotic potential of the solutions. Results showed that the tested cultivars did not decrease germination under mild and medium osmotic stress levels (down to - 0.8 MPa). However, germination significantly decreased in both cultivars under higher levels of osmotic stress, and NS Zlatka was more sensitive. Germination speed significantly increased at - 0.4 MPa. The estimated osmotic potentialsto stop germination were - 1.45 MPa for NS Slatka and - 1.46 MPa for NS Zlatka. Time to 50% germination also showed a significant bi-linear trend in response to osmotic potential, but in the opposite direction than the one observed in germination. Inflection points were recorded at - 0.77 MPa for NS Slatka and - 0.78 MPa for NS Zlatka, thereafter time to 50% of germination rapidly increased. This study confirmed that camelina can withstand increased levels of drought stress at germination, so it could be considered a more suitable option than oilseed rape on marginal land, or environments with irregular precipitation. This is the peer reviewed accepted version of the published article [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/2560] that will be available from 30 July 2024

The objective was to assess the effect of chemical desiccation on seed germination and storability in three sunflower female inbred lines and to point at possible indicators for optimal performance time. Desiccation was performed with Diquat (2 l ha-1) applied at 7-day intervals from the end of flowering to harvest maturity. There were 6 treatments and control (untreated). Germination was tested 2 and 21 months after harvest. The highest germination was recorded when the desiccation was performed 35 days after flowering. Results showed that optimal moment for applying chemical desiccation when there is no negative effect on the seed germination is specific for each sunflower genotype. Seeds with a high level of germination (>90%) can be stored for 19 months without significant loss in germination, namely, it was not negatively affected by chemical desiccation. Seed moisture and growing degree-days can be used as reliable indicators for optimal desiccation time. Cilj rada bio je da se ispita uticaj hemijske desikacije na klijavost i čuvanje kvaliteta semena tri inbred linije suncokreta, kao i da se ispitaju mogući indikatori za optimalno vreme izvođenja desikacije. Za desikaciju je korišćen Dikvat (2 l/ha) u intervalima od 7 dana od završetka cvetanja do žetvene zrelosti. Obavljeno je 6 tretmana i kontrola. Klijavost je ispitivana 2 i 21 mesec nakon žetve. Najveća klijavost je zabeležena pri desikaciji 35 dana posle cvetanja. Rezultati pokazuju da je optimalni momenat za izvođenje hemijske desikacije, u kom nema negativnog uticaja na klijavost, specifičan za svaki genotip suncokreta. Seme visokog kvaliteta (>90%) moguće je čuvati 19 meseci bez značajnog smanjenja klijavosti, takođe, kod takvog semena nije bilo ni negativnog uticaja hemijske desikacije. Vlaga semena i sume aktivnih temperatura se mogu koristiti kao pouzdani indikatori optimalnog vremena za izvođenje hemijske desikacije.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different seed treatments on germination parameters of three maize genotypes under optimal and suboptimal temperature conditions. Seed was treated with recommended doses of three commercial pesticide formulations: metalaxyl-m 10 g/L + fludioxonil 25 g/L, metalaxyl 20 g/kg + prothioconazole 100 g/kg and thiacloprid 400 g/L. Testing was conducted at 25°C and 15°C. Results of the study indicate that there are differences in response of maize genotypes to applied seed treatments, as well as to a specific treatment at optimal and suboptimal temperatures. Some treatments, depending on the mixing partner and temperature conditions, can affect final germination. In other cases, germination rate can be accelerated or prolonged, but with no effect on final germination. In order to provide fast and uniform emergence under different temperature conditions, further examination of the response of maize genotypes to specific seed treatments would be beneficial. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi efekat različitih tretmana na parametre klijanja semena tri hibrida kukuruza na optimalnim i suboptimalnim temperaturama. Seme je tretirano preporučenim dozama komercijalnih pesticidnih formulacija: metalaksil-m 10 g/L+ fludioksonil 25 g/L, metalaksil 20 g/kg + protiokonazol 100 g/kg i tiakloprid 400 g/L. Ispitivanja su vršena u pesku, na 25°C i 15°C. Rezultati ispitivanja ukazuju da postoji razlika u reakciji genotipova kukuruza na primenjene tretmane, kao i na dati tretman u uslovima optimalnih i suboptimalnih temperatura. Neki tretmani, u zavisnosti od preparata koji se mešaju i temperaturnih uslova, mogu uticati na konačnu klijavost. S druge strane, brzina klijanja može biti promenjena, ali bez uticaja na konačnu klijavost. Kako bi se obezbedilo brzo i ujednačeno nicanje u različitim temperaturnim uslovima, dalja analiza reakcije različitih hibrida na date tretmane bi bila od koristi.

Field trials supposed to enable selection of the most successful genotypes which is critical because of the existence of Genotype by Environment interaction. To assess this interaction we are forced to conduct field trials in several environments and/or years. When we asses grain yield of maize hybrids during the breeding process, it is always based on multi-environment small plot field trial (MESPT). That is why this part of the breeding process is most demanding in terms of technical, financial and labor requirements. In this paper, one possible systematic approach to assessing multi-environment field trials conduction is described. The main goal of the de-scribed approach is to provide the best possible results with the use of reasonable resources. As the results of trials cannot be directly interpreted without previous statistical processing, quality of raw data as input for biometrical (statistical) analysis is essential for obtaining a relevant and objective measure of genotype relative value in terms of productivity and adaptability (reliability) of new advanced maize hybrids. There are many definitions of data quality but data is generally considered high quality if it is fit for intended uses in operations, decision making and planning. The main aim of this paper is to underline the importance of the data cleaning process in MESPT. Svrha poljskih ogleda u oplemenjivanju biljaka je da omogući odabir najuspešnijeg genotipa, što nije uvek jednostavan zadatak prevashodno zbog postojanja interakcija genotipa i spoljašnje sredine. Upravo zbog postojanja interakcija sortni ogledi se izvode u brojnim lokacijama i godi-nama, kako bi se dobila pouzdana procena vrednosti genotipa. U toku oplemenjivačkog procesa, procena prinosa, recimo, hibrida kukuruza, je zasnovana isključivo na rezultatima višelokaci-jskih sortnih mikro ogleda (VSMO). Ovaj deo oplemenjivačkog procesa je stoga najzahtevniji sa tehničkog i finansijskog aspekta ali i sa stanovišta angažovanja obučene radne snage i specifične opreme. U ovom radu prikazan je jedan od mogućih sistematskih pristupa u proceni višelokaci-jskog sortnog ogleda. Glavni cilj predstavljenog pristupa je da obezbedi najbolji mogući rezultat uz angažovanje razumnih resursa. Kako rezultati poljskog ogleda ne mogu biti direktno interpre-tirani bez prethodne obrade podataka, kvalitet ulaznih-sirovih podataka je od krucijalne važno-sti za dobijanje relevantnih i objektivnih procena relativne vrednosti novostvorenih genotipova (hibrida kukuruza) u smislu njihove produktivnosti i stabilnosti. Postoje brojne definicije kvalite-ta podataka, ali se podaci generalno mogu smatrati visoko kvalitetnim ako su odgovarajući za planirane statističke obrade, donošenje odluka i planova. Cilj izloženog rada je da naglasi značaj pročišćavanja/čišćenja podataka pre procesa statističke obrade podataka sortnih mikro ogleda.

Seed priming is a useful technique, applied prior to planting, which partially hydrates the seeds to a point of germination process initiation, followed by drying, which prevents radicle emergence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various seed priming treatments on germination parameters of maize at different temperatures. Seeds were primed in water (hydropriming) and KNO3 solution (0.1% and 0.5%) by soaking at 25°C for 17h. Germination parameters were tested at 25°C, 15-25°C and 15°C. Seed priming had a positive effect on some seed germination parameters at low and mixed temperature. Treatment with 0.5% KNO3 had the most improving effect. This treatment reduced MGT, T50 and increased GE at low and mixed temperature. Priming showed no positive effect on the final germination. This study showed that seed priming with KNO3 could be used to achieve better seedling establishment at low temperature conditions in maize. Potapanje semena je metod tretmana semena. Primenjuje se neposredno pre setve, pri čemu se seme vlaži do pokretanja procesa klijanja, nakon čega se suši kako bi se sprečilo izbijanje korenka. Cilj ovog ispitivanja bila je procena efekta različitih metoda potapanja semena na parametre klijanja semena kukuruza pri različitim temperaturama. Tretman je vršen potapanjem semena u vodu i rastvore KNO3 (0,1% i 0,5%) pri temperaturi od 25° C u trajanju od 17h. Parametri klijanja praćeni su pri temperaturama 25°C, 15/25°C i 15°C. Potapanje semena je imalo pozitívne efekte na pojedine parametre klijanja pri niskoj i kombinovanoj temperaturi. Najbolji rezultati uočeni su pri potapanju u 0,5% KNO3. Ovaj tretman je smanjio MGT i T50 a povećao GE pri niskoj i kombinovanoj temperaturi. Potapanje semena nije uticalo na klijavost semena. Ovo istraživanje ukazuje na mogućnost primene potapanja u KNO3 u cilju postizanja bržeg nicanja i boljeg sklopa kukuruza pri nižim temperaturama.

Low temperature has a negative effect on germination parameters and early seedling growth. Seed priming is a beneficial pre-sowing treatment that partially hydrates the seeds to the point of germination process initiation, followed by drying which prevents radicle protrusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different seed priming treatments on some maize seed vigor and early seedlings growth parameters at different temperature conditions. Seeds were primed in water (hydropriming) and KNO3 solution (0,1% and 0,5%) at 25°C for 17 h. Germination was tested at 25°C, 15/25°C and 15°C. Seed priming treatments had more improving effects on studied seed and seedlings traits under suboptimal (15°C and 15/25°C) than at optimal temperature conditions. Seed priming treatment with 0,5% KNO3 had the most beneficial effects and increased the most of studied parameters under suboptimal conditions. Seed priming with KNO3 could be used to achieve higher seed vigor and seedling growth at suboptimal temperature conditions in maize. Niske temperature imaju negativan uticaj na parametre klijanja i početni porast klijanca. Prajming semena predstavlja tretman kojim se seme delimično hidrira tako da se inicira proces klijanja, a zatim suši kako bi se klijanje zaustavilo pre izbijanja korenka iz semena. Cilj ovog eksperimenta bio je da se ispita uticaj različitih prajming tretmana na vigor i porast klijanca kukuruza u različitim temperaturnim uslovima. Prajming semena izvršen je sa vodom (hidroprajming) i KNO3 rastvorom (0,1% i 0,5%) na temperaturi 25°C u trajanju od 17 h. Seme je naklijavano na 25°C, 15/25°C i 15°C. Pozitivniji efekat prajminga utvrđen je pri suboptimalnim (15°C i 15/25°C) nego pri optimalnim temperaturnim uslovima. Kao najbolji, pokazao se tretman sa rastvorom 0,5% KNO3 uvećavši posmatrane parametre na suboptimalnoj temperaturi. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da je primenom prajminga sa rastvorom KNO3 moguće poboljšati vigor semena i početni porast ponika kukuruza pri suboptimalnim temperaturama, odnosno, obezbediti sigurnije nicanje pri ranim rokovima setve.

The aim of this study was to investigate field emergence parameters, number of plants that reached reproductive stage and yield of seed lots with different count of abnormal seedlings. In standard germination test these seedlings are discarded from the count of germinated seed, presuming that they will not develop into normal plants. Five lots of hybrid NS 640 with different percentage of abnormal seedlings were tested. Results showed that in favourable environment conditions, large number of abnormal seedlings emerged, reached reproductive stage and participated in yield formation. However, emergence of seed lots with high percentage of abnormal seedlings was longer than for lots with small number of abnormal seedlings. Laboratory germination and germination energy were more correlated with indicators of field emergence rate, while total percentage of germinated seedlings (normal and abnormal) was more correlated with grain yield. However, it can be expected that in adverse environment conditions, abnormal seedlings are less likely to develop into normal plants. Cilj ovog ispitivanja bio je da se kod partija semena sa različitim udelom atipičnih ponika ispitaju parametri brzine klijanja u polju, broj biljaka u reproduktivnoj fazi i prinos. Ovakvi ponici se u standardnom testu klijavosti ne ubrajaju u klijava zrna, jer se pretpostavlja da neće dati normalnu biljku. Testirano je pet partija hibrida NS 640 sa različitim udelom atipičnih ponika. Rezultati su pokazali da je u povoljnim uslovima veliki broj atipičnih klijanaca nikao, dostigao reproduktivnu fazu i učestvovao u formiranju prinosa. Sa druge strane, nicanje partija sa velikim brojem atipičnih klijanaca je bilo usporeno. Laboratorijska klijavost i energija klijanja su bile u većoj korelaciji sa parametrima brzine nicanja, dok je ukupna klijavost (normalni i atipični klijanci) bila u većoj korelaciji sa prinosom. Ipak, u nepovoljnim uslovima spoljašnje sredine, atipični klijanci imaju manje šanse da se razviju u normalnu biljku.

One of the most important phases in commercial maize breeding programs is the assessment of the value of newly-developed progeny by testing in hybrid combinations. In this study, non-parametric stability measures were applied to analyze the genotype × environment interaction and to assess phenotypic stability of two half-sib maize populations, each consisting of 40 genotypes, across 9 variable environments. Non-parametric tests of significance determined the presence of qualitative interaction for grain yield in both observed populations. Results of the stability analysis showed no significant differences between the two progeny groups indicating that the used testers did not bring significant increase in stability in either of the analyzed half-sib populations. Individual genotypes were also compared based on grain yield stability within both progeny groups using the stability parameters Si(1), Si(2), Si(3) and Si(6). Association between the grain yield and stability indices Si(1) and Si(2) of the analyzed genotypes was presented graphically enabling the identification of genotypes which can be recommended for further breeding process as the most promising ones. The correlations between grain yield and stability parameters were tested by Spearman’s rank correlations. Both progeny groups (HS1 and HS2) showed no significant correlations between the grain yield and stability parameters Si(1) and Si(2), but the rank correlations between Si(1) and Si(2) values were very strong and highly significant. Highly significant negative correlations were found between grain yield and stability indices Si(3) and Si(6) in both progeny groups, and very strong and highly significant correlations were found between Si(3) and Si(6) values. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR31073: Improvement of maize and sorghum production under stress conditions]

The simple methods used for indirect biomass determination are recognized as potentially important tools for crop growth prediction. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is widely used for assessing crop biomass, yield, photosynthesis, and nitrogen management. Aims of this study were to determine the variation in NDVI values and relationship of the NDVI with the most significant agronomic properties in the elite genotypes of two-rowed winter barley. The experiment included elite two-rowed winter barley genotypes and was carried out in two growing seasons. NDVI were measured at mid-anthesis, while grain yield and grain yield components were determined from combine harvested samples at maturity. Results from this study showed that the influence of genotype was mainly responsible for variation in most studied traits. Grain yield of two-rowed barley cultivars was more related to high grain number per unit area than to grain weight. NDVI values at anthesis in both growing seasons were positively associated with grain yield (R2 = 0.444 and R2 = 0.386), grain number (R2 = 0.387 and R2 = 0.507) and plant height (R2 = 0.352 and R2 = 0.364), while relationship with grain weight was not significant. Significant genotypic variation for NDVI values and the presence of significant positive relationship with grain yield and grain number indicated that NDVI measurement at anthesis could be efficiently used for indirect identification of productive two-rowed winter barley genotypes. Jednostavne analize koje se koriste za indirektno određivanje biomase predstavljaju potencijalno značajne metode za predviđanje rasta useva. Normalizovani diferencijalni vegetacioni indeks (NDVI) se često upotrebljava za ocenu biomase, prinosa i drugih osobina. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bilo utvrđivanje varijacije u NDVI vrednostima i veze sa najznačajnijim agronomskim osobinama kod elitnih genotipova dvoredog ozimog ječma. Ogled sa elitnim genotipovima ozimog ječma je izveden tokom dve sezone. Očitavanje NDVI vrednosti je izvršeno tokom sredine cvetanje, dok su prinos zrna i komponente prinosa određene iz uzorka nakon kombajniranja u punoj zrelosti. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da je uticaj genotipa predstavaljao osnovni izvor varijacije kod većine proučavanih osobina. Prinos zrna kod genotipova ozimog dvoredog ječma je bio u većoj vezi sa brojem zrna po jedinici površine u odnosu na masu zrna. NDVI vrednosti u cvetanju u obe sezone su bile u pozitivnoj vezi sa prinosom, brojem zrna i visinom biljaka, dok veza sa masom zrna nije bila značajna. Značajna genotipska varijacija za NDVI vrednosti i značajna pozitivna povezanost sa prinosom zrna i brojem zrna ukazuje da vrednosti NDVI u cvetanju mogu da se efikasno koriste za indirektnu identifikaciju produktivnih genotipova ozimog dvoredog ječma.

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different priming treatments and genotypes on maize germination and early seedling growth traits, as well as to examine the associations among these traits. In addition, the application of genotype by trait biplot methodology in this type of analysis was evaluated. Seed priming treatment was conducted on ten maize inbred lines by soaking seeds in water (hydropriming) or in 0.5% KNO3 solution. Seed was sown in sterile moistened sand and placed at suboptimal (15°C) and optimal temperature (25°C) for seven days. After that, seedling length and seedling weight were measured, final germination, time to 50% emergence and vigour index were calculated. The results showed that seed priming can improve seedling growth traits at both temperatures. There are differences in genotype responses to various seed priming solutions. The observed differences represent useful information for the selection of adapted maize inbred line and adjustment of priming treatment for sowing in different temperature conditions. This study showed that biplot could easily be used for assessing the effect of seed priming, or some other treatment, on seedling growth traits. Moreover, it can be used to understand the associations among the seedling growth traits. Cilj ovog ispitivanja bilo je utvrđivanje uticaja prajming tretmana i genotipa na klijanje i rani porast ponika kukuruza, kao i sagledavanje povezanosti ovih osobina. Takođe, analizirana je mogućnost primene GT biplot metodologije u ovom tipu ispitivanja. Prajming tretman se sastojao od potapanja semena deset inbred linija kukuruza u vodu (hidroprajming) i rastvor KNO3. Seme je zatim posejano u posude sa vlažnim sterilnom peskom i stavljeno na suboptimalnu (15°C) i optimalnu temperaturu (25°C) u trajanju od 7 dana. Nakon toga je izmerena dužina i masa ponika, utvrđena je klijavost i izračunato vreme potrebno za 50% nicanja, kao i vigor indeks. Rezultati su pokazali da početni porast ponika na obe temperature može biti poboljšan prajmingom semena. Primećena je različita reakcija linija na korišćene prajming tretmane. Ove razlike predstavljaju korisnu informaciju za izbor odgovarajuće inbred linije i pogodnog prajming tretmana za setvu u različitim temperaturnim uslovima. Ispitivanje je pokazalo da se biplot analiza može koristiti kao brz vizuelni metod za proučavanje efekta prajminga ili nekog drugog tretmana semena na različite parametre klijanja, nicanja i početnog porasta ponika. Takođe, ova analiza se može koristiti i za sagledavanje veze između ispitivanih osobina.