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Biomass and its derivatives have broad applications in the fields of bio-catalysis, energy storage, environmental remediation. The structure and components of biomass, which are vital parameters affecting corresponding performances of derived products, need to be fully understood for further regulating the biomass and its derivatives. Herein, tobacco is taken as an example of biomass to introduce the typical characterization techniques in unraveling the structural information, chemical components, and properties of biomass and its derivatives. Firstly, the structural information, chemical components and application for biomass are summarized. Then the characterization techniques together with the resultant structural information and chemical components are introduced. Finally, to promote a wide and deep study in this field, the perspectives and challenges concerning structure and composition charaterization in biomass and its derivatives are put forward.

To encourage the use of biological organic fertilizer in tobacco planting, a three-year field experiment was undertaken to examine the impact of a single kind of biological organic fertilizer on the microecosystems of tobacco rhizosphere. The soil physicochemical index, trace element index, and enzyme and microbial amount index were used to quantify the impact. Compared to traditional fertilization, biological organic fertilizer increased the level of organic matter, alkali-hydro nitrogen, and accessible phosphorus in all physical and chemical soil indexes, whereas the pH remained the same and the rapidly available potassium content decreased somewhat. In the soil trace element indexes, the contents of Mg, Cu, Mn, and Fe were increased annually by 4.53% to 9.42%, 1.45% to 14.12%, 5.22% to 11.07%, and 5.34% to 16.98%, respectively. In the soil enzyme indexes, the activity of urease, catalase, and sucrose invertase were increased, while acid phosphatase activity was decreased. Significant increases were observed in soil microbial carbon (MBC), soil microbial nitrogen (MBN), and soil microbiological phosphorus (MBP) in soil microbial biomass indexes. According to principal component analysis, the contribution rates of the aforementioned indexes to the micro-ecosystem of soil applying biological organic fertilizer were as follows: urease > organic matter > MBN > MBC > Mg > Cu > catalase > Mn > alkali-hydro nitrogen > invertase > Fe > acid phosphatase > rapidly available potassium (K) > available phosphorus (P) > pH > MBP. This study provided a significant scientific approach and theoretical foundation for the advancement of bio-organic fertilizer in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]