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24 results on '"Bolekova, A."'

1. Adaptive morphofunctional rearrangements in the adult rats adenohypophysis after long-term exposure of heavy metal salts

Author

Nataliia Hryntsova, Ingrid Hodorova, Anatoly Romanyuk, Alexander Kravets, Silvia Rybarova, Kvetuse Lovasova, Josef Mihalik, Andriana Pavliuk-Karachevtseva, Janka Vecanova, Dalibor Kolesar, Andriana Bolekova, and Slavka Flesarova

Subjects
pituitary gland, heavy metals, hypoxia, Medicine
Abstract

Important environmental problem of some northern regions of Ukraine is the accumulation of heavy metal salts in the soil, water and air, which is observed in various combinations depending on the region and causes adverse effects on population’s health. The central link, in particular the pituitary gland, is involved in triggering a stress response, limiting its further development preventing adverse effects on the body. The study of morphofunctional rearrangements in the pituitary gland of adult male rats under the influence of heavy metal salts complex on the body remains a relevant aspect of modern morphology. The experiment was performed on 12 white mature male rats weighing 200-250g at the age of 7-8 months, which were divided into 2 groups (control and experimental). The experimental group included rats, which after 90 days of use of a heavy metals salts complex (zinc, copper, iron, manganese, lead and chromium) for 30 days used ordinary drinking water. General morphological (histological, morphometric), mmunohistochemical, biochemical and statistical research methods were used. Results showed a decrease in the linear parameters of the adenohypophysis, there was a significant increase in the value of fibrous connective tissue component in the stroma, increased collagenization of large vessels, significant diffuse stromal edema and edematous processes in the gland parenchyma persisted. Measurements revealed an increase in the number of chromophobes and at the same time a decrease in the number of chromophilic basophils compared to control animals, the presence of cysts in the parenchyma was found out. number of morphological features still indicated the development of adaptive and compensatory processes in the adenohypophysis (vascular plethora decreased, significantly improved the rheological properties of blood, an increase in the number of adenocytes with increasing expression of hsp90 in their cytoplasm). However, despite the positive dynamics of adaptive processes, it should be noted that the 30-day period of adaptation is insufficient for complete recovery of the organ.

Published
2022
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2. Relationships between Life Satisfaction, Happiness and Meaning in Life in Pregnancy during COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Silvia Majercakova Albertova and Veronika Bolekova

Subjects
Meaning in life, life satisfaction, happiness, pregnancy, Mental healing, RZ400-408
Abstract

While it was established that COVID-19 pandemic had negative consequences on several aspects of mental health, little is known about the role of positive mental health indicators in pregnant women during this period. The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships between meaning in life, life satisfaction and happiness and the extent to which meaning in life predicts life satisfaction and happiness. The sample consisted of 161 pregnant women from Slovakia. Data were collecting using Life Meaningfulness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale. As predicted, results showed that meaning in life is a predictor of life satisfaction and happiness. Higher happiness was related to increasing degree of meaning in life and absence of pregnancy-related health problems. 65% of participants reported high level of satisfaction with life and 48% of participants reported higher happiness than average person. These findings provide evidence for associations between meaning in life, life satisfaction and happiness in Slovak pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic and indicate that despite negative consequences of the pandemic, positive indicators of mental health in pregnancy play a significant role

Published
2022
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7. Effect of Pillbox Organizers with Alarms on Adherence to Pharmacotherapy in Parkinson Disease Patients Taking Three and More Daily Doses of Dopaminergic Medications

Author

Igor Straka, Michal Minar, Milan Grofik, Matej Skorvanek, Veronika Bolekova, Andrea Gazova, Jan Kyselovic, and Peter Valkovic

Subjects
Parkinson’s disease, adherence, pharmacotherapy, quality of life, fluctuations, non-motor symptoms, pillbox organizer with alarm, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Improvement of adherence to pharmacotherapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Our study was aimed at the effect of pillbox organizers with alarms improving adherence to pharmacotherapy and its impact on clinical outcomes. Forty nonadherent patients with PD being treated with ≥ 3 daily doses of levodopa and/or dopamine agonists were pseudorandomized and consecutively ranked to groups A (early-start intervention) and B (delayed-start intervention). We used the following validated diagnostic instruments: MMAS-8 (adherence), PDQ-8 (quality of life, QoL), GDS (depression), NMSS (non-motor symptoms), MDS-UPDRS III (motor involvement), MDS-UPDRS IV, and WOQ-9 (motor and non-motor fluctuations and dyskinesias). We proved a significantly improved rate of adherence with the use of pillbox organizers with alarms. Moreover, after only four weeks of using the pillbox organizer, we detected an improvement in QoL scores, motor involvement, motor-, and non-motor fluctuations. Our study showed that pillbox organizers with alarms are efficient in improving adherence to pharmacotherapy in PD. It also could contribute to better motor states, less severe fluctuations, and improved QoL.

Published
2022
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9. Poster presentations

Author

Aksu, Funda, Topacoglu, Hakan, Arman, Candan, Atac, Aytul, Tetik, Suleyman, Hasanovic, Aida, Kulenovic, Amela, Mornjakovic, Zakira, Pikula, Branko, Sarac-Hadzihalilovic, Aida, Voljevica, Alma, Bamac, Belgin, Colak, Tuncay, Alemdar, Murat, Dundar, Gulmine, Selekler, Macit, Dincer, Ozgur, Colak, Enis, Ozbek, Aydin, Kilic, Cenk, Kamburoglu, Kivanc, Ozen, Tuncer, Kavak, Vatan, Kirici, Yalcin, Oztas, Emin, Soysal, Handan Altinkaya, Unur, Erdogan, Ekinci, Nihat, Karaca, Omur, Malakhova, Olga, Kocaoglu, Murat, Toker, Serdar, Taser, Figen, Kilincoglu, Volkan, Yurtgun, Mustafa Fahri, Dalcik, Cannur, Zeybek, Ali, Baroncini, Marc, Peltier, Johann, Jissendi, Patrice, Pruvo, Jean-Pierre, Francke, Jean-Paul, Prevot, Vincent, Kosif, Rengin, Arifoglu, Yasin, Diramali, Murat, Sarsilmaz, Mustafa, Kose, Evren, Ogeturk, Murat, Akpinar, Burhan, Kus, Ilter, Meydan, Sedat, Kara, Alev, Kurtoglu, Zeliha, Tekdemir, Ibrahim, Elhan, Alaittin, Bas, Orhan, Odaci, Ersan, Mollaoglu, Hakan, Ucok, Kagan, Kaplan, Suleyman, Senoglu, Mehmet, Nacitarhan, Vedat, Kurutas, Ergul Belge, Senoglu, Nimet, Altun, Idris, Atli, Yalcin, Ozbag, Davut, Karakas, Sacide, Bilgin, M. Dincer, Tellioglu, Ayfer Metin, Ozlem, Sercin, Akcanal, Betul, Yildiz, Yuksel, Gunes, Hakki, Kose, Hayrullah, Uzum, Ibrahim, Gundogmus, Umit Naci, Caglayan, Cigdem, Pavlova, Velichka, Dimitrova, Mashenka, Georgieva, Lilia, Nikolova, Elena, Uzmansel, Deniz, Ozturk, Nail Can, Saylam, Canan Yurttas, Ozgiray, Erkin, Orhan, Mustafa, Cagli, Sedat, Zileli, Mehmet, Ozkan, Derya, Akkaya, Taylan, Comert, Ayhan, Balikci, Nilgun, Ozdemir, Esra, Gumus, Haluk, Ergul, Zafer, Kaya, Oskay, Altun, Serdar, Unlu, R. Erkin, Orbay, Hakan, Kim, Deog-Im, Han, Seung-Ho, Kim, Yi-Suk, Kim, Ho-Jeong, Lee, Kyu-Seok, Elcioglu, Omur, Ozden, Hilmi, Guven, Gul, Imre, Nurcan, Yalcin, Bulent, Ozan, Hasan, Akyer, Pinar, Guvencer, Mustafa, Karatosun, Vasfi, Sagoo, Mandeep Gill, Aland, Rachel Claire, Ustuner, Derya, Ustuner, M. Cengiz, Ai, Jafar, Ghazi, Seyed Reza, Mansouri, Seyed Hadi, Tuncer, Mehmet Cudi, Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk, Karabulut, Ozlen, Hatipoglu, Eyup Savas, Nazaroglu, Hasan, Icke, Cigdem, Akbay, Emrah, Gunay, Turkan, Icke, Suleyman, Yildiz, Selda, Yazar, Fatih, Barlas, Barcin Orhan, Zahoi, Delia Elena, Kavakli, Ahmet, Tas, Ufuk, Dabak, Durrin Ozlem, Sapmaz, Hilal Irmak, Kocabiyik, Necdet, Ozer, Cenk Murat, Ozcan, Ayhan, Elevli, Levent, Desdicioglu, Kadir, Alanbay, Ibrahim, Govsa, Figen, Saylam, Canan Y., Akdogan, Ilgaz, Kiroglu, Yilmaz, Onur, Sule, Evcil, Emine Hilal, Cankara, Neslihan, Malas, Mehmet Ali, Kalcioglu, M. Tayyar, Duman, Serdar, Ulcay, Tufan, Uzun, Ahmet, Karabulut, Zulfu, Barut, Cagatay, Sevinc, Ozdemir, Yurdakan, Gamze, Kacar, Dundar, Erdogan, Ali Riza, Kurt, Hulyam, Demir, Bunyamin, Saltan, Mustafa, Burukoglu, Dilek, Ustuner, Mehmet Cengiz, Degirmenci, Irfan, Erdogan, Aliriza, Damar, Ozlem, Is, Merih, Bayramoglu, Gokhan, Kabay, Sahin, Uysal, Onur, Senturk, Hakan, Bayramoglu, Aysegul, Ozbayar, Cansu, Kutlu, Ali, Canbek, Mediha, Cevli, Salih Cenap, Hancerlioglu, Oguz, Koplay, Mustafa, Aksakalli, Elif, Dikici, Fatih, Kale, Aysin, Gayretli, Ozcan, Gurses, Ilke Ali, Ozdemir, Senem Turan, Ercan, Ilker, Baskan, Emel Bulbul, Yilmaz, Mediha, Ozkaya, Guven, Saricaoglu, Hayriye, Erturk, Mete, Kayalioglu, Gulgun, Uzel, Mehmet, Kahraman, Guler, Tanyeli, Ercan, Soyluoglu, Ali Ihsan, Tacar, Orhan, Demirant, Ayda, Bilgin, Murat, Karadede, Aziz, Aktas, Ayfer, Evcil, E. Hilal, Koyuncu, Esra, Sulak, Osman, Albay, Soner, Ozguner, Gulnur, Ozbek, Ahmet, Ozbek, Elvan, Ozturk, A. Hakan, Demirci, Tuba, Ciftcioglu, Engin, Demir, Mehmet Tevfik, Kopuz, Cem, Eroglu, Esra, Gedikli, Semin, Ozyurek, Hamit, Nural, Mehmet Selim, Incesu, Lutfi, Ogur, Gonul, Kara, Engin, Celebi, Baris, Yildiz, Altan, Altunkaynak, B. Zuhal, Kuvat, Samet Vasfi, Tagil, Suleyman Murat, Ertekin, Cumhur, Uysal, Hilmi, Bademkiran, Fikret, Albayrak, Nural, Esmer, Ali Firat, Coskun, Nigar Keles, Sindel, Muzaffer, Kizilay, Ferah, Yalin, Sevket, Karapinar, Nevin, Tokdemir, Mehmet, Karakurt, Lokman, Tumkaya, Levent, Korkmaz, Adnan, Ayas, Bulent, Ciftci, Nusret, Terzi, Yuksel, Baran, Ozlem, Nergiz, Yusuf, Akkus, Murat, Aluclu, Ufuk, Topal, Askin Ender, Yuksel, Dilek, Acar, Halil Ibrahim, Kendir, Simel, Hekimoglu, Emre, Basman, Deniz, Duman, Sunay, Ozener, Baris, Pelin, Can, Zagyapan, Ragiba, Kurkcuoglu, Ayla, Koc, Mustafa, Erdinc, Meral, Erdinc, Levent, Kelle, Ilker, Sancakdar, Enver, Cetin, Nil, Tunik, Selcuk, Yildirim, Ayse, Kaplanoglu, Iskender, Ayaz, Ercan, Ilhan, Necip, Okumus, Mehmet, Yuksel, Kasim Zafer, Ciralik, Harun, Yilmaz, Zeki, Gumusalan, Yakup, Gamsizkan, Mehmet, Kazkayasi, Mustafa, Dogan, Nadire Unver, Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur, Karalezli, Aylin, Fazliogullari, Zeliha, Buyukmumcu, Mustafa, Bozkurt, Mehmet Cem, Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine, Demiryurek, Deniz, Ozsoy, M. Hakan, Bayramoglu, Alp, Tuccar, Eray, Baran, Ozlem Pamukcu, Soker, Sevda, Bahceci, Selen, Nasir, Yasemin, Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul, Cicekcibasi, Emine Aynur, Ulusoy, Mahinur, Gunaslan, Pervin, Bilge, Nuray, Akkaya, Muzaffer, Genc, Abdurrahman, Akcer, Sezer, Gonul, Yucel, Cosar, Emine, Koken, Gulengul, Ari, Ilknur, Bakirci, Sinan, Kafa, Ilker Mustafa, Uysal, Murat, Karabulut, Ahmet Kagan, Keles, Bahar, Emlik, Dilek, Uyar, Yavuz, Ozturk, Kayhan, Yilmaz, Neslihan Altuntas, Salbacak, Ahmet, Kacira, Burkay Kutluhan, Arazi, Mehmet, Demirci, Serafettin, Kiresi, Demet, Gumus, Serter, Seker, Muzaffer, Uyar, Mehmet, Astaneh, Mohammad Ebrahim, Khorshid, Alireza, Uygur, Ramazan, Songur, Ahmet, Sonmez, Osman Fikret, Dogan, Kamil Hakan, Kolcu, Giray, Iliescu, Madalina, Bordei, Petru, Iliescu, Dan, Ciobotaru, Camelia, Lucescu, Viorel, Covaleov, Anatoli, Ionescu, Constantin, Guirao, Miguel, Páramo, E., Mutuberria, R., Sánchez-Montesinos, I., Roda, O., Girón, F., Lopez-Soler, Miguel, Roda, Olga, Campos-López, Raúl, Guirao-Piñeiro, Miguel, Pascual-Morenilla, Maria Teresa, Sanchez-Montesinos, Indalecio, Pascual, Maria Teresa, Garzon, I., Serrato, D., Nieto-Aguilar, R., Sanchez-Montesinos, I., Sanchez-Quevedo, M., Ozdemir, M. Bulent, Ozean, R. Hakan, Bagdatli, Dilek, Adiguzel, Esat, Dogan, Zumrut, Aycan, Ozlem, Vardi, Nigar, Erkal, Haldun Sukru, Ozturk, Hakan, Mocanu, S., Stefanescu, C., Ionescu, A., Talpes, Raluca, Sapte, Elena, Dina, Constantin, Surdu, Loredana, Bulbuc, Ionut, Medina, M. T., Medina, J., López-Soler, M., Martin-Oviedo, Carlos, Lowy-Benoliel, Alejandro, Maranillo, Eva, Martinez-Guirado, Tomas, Sañudo, Jose, Scola, Bartolome, Vazquez, Teresa, Arráez-Aybar, L. A., Conejo-Menor, J. L., Gonzáles-Gómez, C. C., Torres-García, A. J., Nasu, Hisayo, Chiba, Shoji, Gutierrez-Semillera, M., Paksoy, Yahya, Kalaycioglu, Ahmet, Yildirim, Mehmet, Ozyasar, Ali, Ozdogmus, Omer, Cakmak, Yusuf Ozgur, Verimli, Ural, Cavdar, Safiye, Yildizhan, Begum, Aktan Ikiz, Z. Asli, Ucerler, Hulya, Ozgur, Zuhal, Yilmaz, Seher, Demirtas, Abdullah, Mavili, Ertugrul, Hacialiogullari, Mehtap, Susar, Hatice, Arslan, Seda, Aycan, Kenan, Ozkaya, Vecihi, Pilmane, Mara, Boka, Sarmite, Ortug, Gursel, Ramirez, Carlos, Pascual-Font, Aran, Valderrama-Canales, Francisco, Kucukalic, Abdulah, Kapur, Eldan, Talovic, Elvira, Baca, Vaclav, Grill, Robert, Horak, Zdenek, Kachlik, David, Dzupa, Valer, Konarik, Marek, Knize, Jakub, Veleminsky, Petr, Smrzova, Tereza, Otcenasek, Michal, Chmelova, Jana, Kheck, Michal, Kheck, Sr., Michal, Cupka, Tomas, Hnatek, Lukas, van der Meijs, Floris, Cech, Pavel, Musil, Vladimir, Ozkan, H. Mustafa, Muratli, S. Kivanc, Tayefi, Hamid, Ergur, Ipek, Kiray, Amac, Toktas, Muhsin, Alkoc, Ozan, Acar, Tolgahan, Uzun, Ibrahim, Ozen, Oguz Asian, Aycicek, Abdullah, Alkoc, Ozan Alper, Unlu, Mehmet, Corumlu, Ufuk, Ikiz, Ihsaniye Coskun, Oygucu, I. Hakan, Sendemir, Erdogan, Kaner, Tuncay, Caglar, Veli, Eser, Olcay, Demir, Mehmet T., Iyigun, Omer, Pirzirenli, Gokhan, Kaya, Ahmet Hilmi, Aydin, Mennan Ece, Celik, Fahrettin, True, Hakan, Ozkaya, Sevket, Ergur, Bekir Ugur, Zeybek, Gulsah, Bacakoglu, Kadir, Tadjalli, Mina, Poostpasand, Aghdas, Mansouiri, Seid Hadi, Allahvaisi, Ozra, Soleimanirad, Jafar, Nikkhoo, Bahram, Nagato, Yasukazu, Haruki, Yasuo, Yazawa, Komazo, Okazaki, Tutomu, Haida, Munetaka, Imai, Yutaka, Peirouvi, Thmineh, Mahzad-Sadaghiani, Mehrzad, Noroozinia, Farahnaz, Siamak, Salami, Farjah, Gholamhosseine, Mola, Sima, Biegaj, Ewa, Skadorwa, Tymon, Pawlewicz, Konrad, Kapolka, Robert, Chachulska, Agata, Zabicka, Joanna, Krasowska, Aleksandra, Prusik, Alicja, Jaczewski, Grzegorz, Kolesnik, Adam, Taghavi, M. Mohsen, Alavi, S. Hasan, Moallem, S. Adel, Safikhani, Zahed, Panahi, Marzieh, Dabiri, Shahriar, Shekaari, Majid Asadi, Latorre, Rafael, Soria, Federico, Lopez-Albors, Octavio, Sarria, Ricardo, Ayala, Inacio, Serrano, Inma, Perez-Cuadrado, Enrique, Musienko, Vladimir, Tkachenko, Dmitry, Colakoglu, Neriman, Kus, Murat Abdulgani, Jalali, Mahdi, Nikravesh, Mohammad Reza, Moeen, Abbas Ali, Karimfar, Mohammad Hassan, Rafighdoost, Houshang, Mohammadi, Shabnam, Korneeva, Marina, Rafighdoust, Houshang, Lovasova, Kvetuse, Bolekova, Adriana, Kluchova, Darina, Sulla, Igor, Kapitonova, Marina Yurievna, Syed Ahmad Fuad, Syed Baharom, Jayakaran, Flossie, Shams, Ali Reza, Aghaee, Fereshteh, Baqer, Zohreh, Faroki, Mohamad, Das, Srijit, Kassim, Normadiah, Latiff, Azian, Suhaimi, Frihah, Ghafar, Norzana, Hlaing, Khin Pa Pa, Maatoq, Israa, Othman, Faizah, Kiray, Muge, Bagriyanik, Husnu Alper, Pekcetin, Cetin, Ozogul, Candan, Fidan, Mustafa, Suhaimi, Farihah, Sun, Fei, Sanchez-Margallo, Francisco, Gil, Francisco, Crisostomo, Verónica, Uson, Jesus, Ramirez, Gegorio, Turamanlar, Ozan, Kirpiko, Oguz, Haktanir, Alpay, Climent, Salvador, Losilla, Sergio, Climent, Maria, Sarikcioglu, Levent, Senol, Yesim, Yildirim, Fatos B., Utuk, Arzu, Kunicki, Jacek, Pasbakhsh, Parichehr, Omidi, Negar, Omidi, Hamed, Nazhvani, Fatemeh Dehghani, Ghalebi, Seyed Razi, Javan, Nima, Mohagery, Akrami, Bideskan, Ali Reza Ebrahimzadeh, Taheri, Mohammad Mehdi Hassanzadeh, Fazel, Ali Reza, Tiengo, Cesare, Macchi, Veronica, Stecco, Carla, Porzionato, Andrea, Mazzoleni, Franco, De Caro, Raffaele, Clemente, Alberto, Morra, Aldo, Greco, Pietro, Pavan, Piero, Natali, Arturo, Demir, Mehmet, Dokur, Mehmet, Acer, Niyazi, Mavi, Ayfer, Matveeva, Niki, Lazarova, Dobrila, Korneti, Kostandina, Jovevska, Svetlana, Jurkovik, Dragica, Papazova, Meri, Havasi, Masoumeh, Alboghobeish, Naeim, Savari, Ahmad, Salamat, Negin, Sharifi, Mozafar, Kwak, Hyun-Ho, Hu, Kyung-Seok, Kim, Gyoo-Cheon, Park, Bong-Soo, Kim, Hee-Jin, Sinav, Ahmet, Gulati, Adarsh K., Gulati, Nidhi K., Alshammary, Hussien, Nazhvani, Seifollah Dehghani, Vafafar, Amir, Esmaeilpour, Tahereh, Bahmanpour, Soghra, Elyasi, Leila, Monabbati, Ahmad, Ghanadi, M., Paryani, Mohammad Reza, Gilanpour, Hassan, Amirsam, Banino, Omaña, Rodrigo Elizondo, López, Santos Guzmán, De la Garza Castro, Oscar, Vega, Edgar Urrutia, Lopez, Santos Guzman, Talebpour, Freshteh, Golmohammadi, Rahim, Dashti, Golamreza, Atlasi, Mohammad Ali, Mehdizadeh, Mehdi, Bahadori, Mohammad Hadi, Joghataei, Mohammad Taghi, Hatami, Leili, Boroujeni, Mandana Beigi, Estakhr, Jasem, Esfandiary, Ebrahim, Marzban, Mohsen, Bakhtiary, Mehrdad, Modiry, Navid, Jafarpur, Mokhtar, Mofidpur, Hassan, Alavi, S. Hassan, Mahmoudian, Alareza, Taghavi, Mohmmad Mohsen, Jafarpour, Mokhtar, Mahmoudian, Ali Reza, Sanjarmousavi, Nasrin, Doassans, Ines, Sorrenti, Natalia, Decuadro, German, Saibene, Andres, Poumayrac, Marie, Laza, Sebastian, Almiron, Carina, Vergara, Maria Elena, Soria, Victor, Lasa, Sebastian, Perez, Adolfo, Castro, Gabriela, Maria, Ana Santa, Soleimani, Mansoureh, Katebi, Majid, Bakhshayesh, Masoomeh, Oner, Mithat, Halici, Mehmet, Yikilmaz, Ali, Guney, Ahmet, Turk, Yildirim, Edizer, Mete, Beden, Umit, Icten, Nihal, Afshar, Mohammad, Hasanzadeh Taheri, Mohammad Mehdi, Moalem, Adel, Golalipour, Mohammad Jafar, Tamizi, Azadeh, Ahi, Mohammad, Mohammadpour, Shahram, Maiery, Ardeshir, Acikel, Cengiz, Ulkur, Ersin, Karagoz, Huseyin, Celikoz, Bahattin, Bedi, Kuldip, Ginus, Partadiredja, Golalipoor, Mohammad Jafar, Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza, Jhand, Poya, Mansourian, Azad Reza, Hosseinpoor, Kanizreza, Keshtkar, Abbas Ali, Alsaffar, Raith, Balajadeh, Babak Kabiri, Ghafari, Soraya, Azarhosh, Ramin, Fazeli, Seyyed Amirhossein, Jahanshahi, Mehrdad, Gharravi, Annen Mohammad, Alicioglu, Banu, Karakas, Hakki Muammer, Harma, Ahmet, Yang, Hun-Mu, Won, Sung-Yoon, Lee, Jae-Gi, Lee, Ju-Young, Lee, Jeong-Yong, Kim, Yoo-Ri, Song, Wu-Chul, Koh, Ki-Seok, Hwang, Eu-Na, Choi, Hyun-Gon, Kim, Soon-Heum, Kim, Soo-Young, Hur, Mi-Sun, Ulucam, Enis, Celbis, Osman, Kim, Da-Hye, Hong, Hee-Suk, Kim, Hyun-Joo, Choi, Jong-Hoon, Park, Jong-Tae, Kim, Hyeon-Cheol, Abbasi, Hamed, Hosseinipanah, Seyed Mohammad, Hosseini, Mohammad, Amani, A., Ashrafi, H. R., Sadeghimehr, Mohsen, Kim, Hyun-Ju, Sheverdin, Vadim, Amani, Zahra, Ashrafi, Alireza, Ashrafi, Ali Reza, Javad, Hami, Kachap, Mokhtar Jafarpoor, Laza, Sebastián, Poumayrac, Marie Catherine, Doassans, Inés, Vergara, María Elena, Almirón, Carina, Soria, Víctor, Rivara, Alvaro, Sirilo, Angela, Freire, Diego, Cirillo, Angela, Veragara, Maria Elena, Krmek, Vlado, Krmek, Nikola, Jo-Osvatic, Ana, Nikolic, Vasilije, Radic, Radivoje, Tubbs, R. Shane, Loukas, Marios, Fogg, Quentin, Ashwood, Neil, Cilingiroglu, Serpil, Ozbakir, Cemal, Mazoochi, Tahereh, Sabanciogullari, Vedat, Gumus, Cesur, Erdil, F. Hayat, Cimen, Mehmet, Moodi, Hesam, Ghiasi, Fateme, Akbari, Asghar, Hami, Javad, Khazei, Majid, Haghparast, Elham, Mitsakis, Ioannis, Anastasiou, Aikaterini, Mitsakis, Menelaos, Sianou, Kyriaki, Hainoglou, Roxani, Francisco, Margarida, Mitsaki, Charikleia, Konstantinidi, Maria, Prapa, Stamatia, Leksan, Igor, Mrcela, Tomislav, Selthofer, Robert, Kermanian, Fatemeh, Mahmoudian, Alireza, Ahmadpoor, Mahmood Erfanian, Dalili, Naser, Elian, Amir Hossein, Moaiery, Ardesheer, Jamalpour, Zahra, Nourani, Mohammad Reza, Asgari, Alireza, Hassanzadeh Taheri, Mohammad Mehdi, Ebrahimzadeh, Alireza, Eftekharvaghefi, Seyed Hasan, Mohammadi, Abbas, Sheibani, Vahid, Nematollahi-Mahani, Seyed Noureddin, Latifpour, Mastafa, Deilami, Masood, Soroure-Azimzadeh, Behzad, Nabipour, Fatemeh, Najafipour, Hamid, Nakhaee, Nouzar, Yaghoobi, Mohammad, Eftekharvaghefi, Rana, Salehinejad, Parvin, Azizi, Hasan, Riasi, Hamid Reza, Nobakht, Maliheh, Asalgoo, Sara, Rahbar, Roshanak, Najafzadeh, Norooz, Moosavizadeh, Kazem, Ezzatabadypour, Massood, Majidi, Masoud, Malekpor-Afshar, Reza, Karimzade, Fariba, Hoseini, Mahmood, Bayat, Mohamad, Gorgi, Ali, Nezhadi, Akram, Bakhtiari, Mehrdad, Jazi, Homa Rasooli, Jafaryan, Maryam, Haghir, Hosein, Hosseini, Mahmood, Rahimi, Sadegh, Rassouli, Fatemeh Behnam, Gorji, Ali, Habibi, Aliasghar, Pouya, Fatemeh, Dabiri, Shahryar, Mousavi, A., Rajabalian, Saeed, Abolidokht, A., Khanlarkhani, Neda, Naderian, Homayoun, Berjis, Nezamedin, Namavar, Mohamad Reza, Talaei, Tahereh, Mazaheri, Zohreh, Monabati, Ahmad, Kosar, Mehmet Ilkay, Karacan, Kezban, Chegini, Hamidreza, Nikzad, Hossein, Ayhan, Egemen, Ustundag, Sinan, Akkin, Salih Murat, Ogut, Tahir, Rayegan, Parviz, Meibodi, Mohamad Ali Emami, Ghaem, Reza Montazer, Zargarpoor, Rosa, Eftekhar Vaghefi, Seyd Hasan, Moshkdanian, Ghazale, Poya, Fateme, Kohestani, Hamid, Abarghoeai, Roozbeh Rayegan, Abarghoeai, Parviz Rayegan, Eftekhar Vaghefi, Seyed Hasan, Mahmodi, Abolghasem Amir, Poraboli, Ali, Kohestani, Hamid Reza, Vaghefi, Raena Eftekhar, Eftekhar Vaghefy, Seyed Hasan, Vaghefy, Raena Eftekhar, Abarghoeai, Parviz Raygan, Saba, Mohamad, Gharravi, Anneh Mohammad, Javadnia, Fatemeh, Zhaleh, Mohsen, Nezhad, Dariush Bijan, Gholami, Mohammad Reza, Piagkou, Maria, Aikaterini, Vassiliki Kouki, Piagkos, Giannoulis, Douvetzemis, Stergios, Skandalakis, Panagiotis, Anagnostopoulou, Sophia, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos, Celik, H. Hamdi, Tatar, Ilkan, Tatar, Emel Cadalli, Mocan, Burce Ozgen, Sargon, Mustafa F., Denk, C. Cem, Rasoolijazi, Homa, Joghataie, Mohammad Taghi, Roghani, Mehrdad, Akkin, Salin Murat, Dinc, Gulten, Kurklu, Mustafa, Ozboluk, Sener, Komurcu, Mahmut, Koebke, Jürgen, Balioglu, Mehmet Bulent, Kaygusuz, Mehmet Akif, Bozkus, Ferdi Sefa, Korkmaz, Ozgur, Bayram, Sule Biyik, Can, Mehmet Ali, Nasiri, Ebrahim, Jafar-Kazemi, Koroush, Hosseini, Melina, Maghoul, Shahin, Soleimani, Mansooreh, Amini, Abdollah, Hassanzade, Mohamad Mahdi, Davari, Mohammad Hossein, Van Hoof, Tom, Gomes, Germano T., Audenaert, Emmanuel, Verstraete, Koenraad, Kerckaert, Ingrid, D’Herde, Katharina, Benninger, Brion, Hedley, Gil, Filipoiu, Florin Mihail, Tarta, Eugen, Enyedi, Mihali, Pantu, Cosmin, Stanciulescu, Razvan, Skobowiat, Cezary, Calka, Jaroslaw, Majewski, Mariusz, Rezaian, Maryam, Yaghoobfar, Akbar, Hamedi, Somayeh, and Shomali, T.

Published
2009
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10. Effect of retinoic acid on the nitrergic innervation of meibomian glands in rats

Author

A. Bolekova, D. Kluchova, L. Tomasova, and N. Hvizdosova

Subjects
Meibomian glands, retinoic acid, NADPH-d histochemistry, nitrergic innervation, development., Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prenatal administration of retinoic acid (RA) on the development of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive structures in the rat Meibomian glands. One mg/kg of RA was applied to pregnant Wistar rats intraperitonaelly during the gestational period in each of the 12th-14th embryonic days (totally 3 mg/kg). Sections of the central upper eyelids were investigated in rat pups on the 14th postnatal day. They were processed histochemically for NADPH-d, to study the presence and distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive nerve structures. NADPH-d staining of Meibomian glands was compared in two groups of rat pups. In the control group, eyelids of 14 day-old rats were studied with no experimental intervention. The second group consisted of rat pups which were prenatally administered the excess of RA. Histochemical analysis of control eyelids revealed numerous NADPH-d well-stained acini of Meibomian glands arranged tightly into groups. Intensively stained vessels and NADPH-d/NOS-positive nerve fibers bordered acini of Meibomian glands. These structures were present in the submucosal layer as well. The analysis of RA group showed less numerous, shrunken acini of Meibomian glands that were seen not only smaller in size, but also in density of their staining and the amount of nitrergic nerve fibers around acini were considerably lowered. In the submucosa differences were noticed compared to the control group, there were numerous NADPH-d stained vessels accompanied by NADPH-d/NOS-positive nerve fibers. The excess of RA during the prenatal period may influence on the development and morphology of NADPH-d positive structures of rat’s Meibomian glands.

Published
2012
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11. NADPH-diaphorase expression in the rat jejunum after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion

Author

A. Bolekova, T. Spakovska, D. Kluchova, S. Toth, and J. Vesela

Subjects
jejunum, NADPH-d, histochemistry, nitric oxide synthase, ischemia/reperfusion, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity in the rat jejunum after a mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nitric oxide, synthetised from L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, is a nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxant neurotransmitter of the intestinal smooth muscle. It plays an important role in the process of plasticity after the ischemia/reperfusion injury. Experimental animals were divided in two groups: the control group and the ischemic/reperfusion group, with different period of the reperfusion. The NADPH-d histochemical method has been used as a marker for the nitric oxide synthase. NADPH-d activity has been rapidly decreased in the neurons of both enteric nervous systems in plexuses of the jejunum after 1 h mesenteric ischemia and 1 h reperfusion. Differences were predominantly detected in the myenteric plexus; they were seen in change of the neuronal shape, in the arrangement of neurons and in intensity of their staining. The NADPH-d positivity was absent in the intestinal crypts. After 1 h ischemia and 24 h reperfusion, the NADPH-d activity was gradually increased, but it was lower in comparison with the control group. On the 30th day following the ischemia/reperfusion there were no changes in NADPH-d positivity compared with the control animals. These results indicated that the jejunal ischemia/reperfusion has affected the neurons of the enteric nervous system of adult rats and resulted in the early decrease of NADPH-d positivity 1 h of the reperfusion insult. The gradual increasing of NADPH-d activity in 24 h following the reperfusion could be considered as a result of the plasticity process. On the 30th day after the ischemia/reperfusion all histochemical changes were returned to the control levels.

Published
2011
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12. NADPH-diaphorase expression in the Meibomian glands of rat palpebra in postnatal development

Author

D. Kluchova, A. Bolekova, C. Heichel, A. J. Bron, and I. Kozak

Subjects
Meibomian gland, NADPH-d, histochemistry, nitric oxide synthase, development, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

In the current study, we aimed at investigating the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive nerve fibers in rat meibomian glands (MGs) at various stages of development. There is good evidence to suggest that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) is a surrogate for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Sections of the central, upper eyelids of Wistar rats were processed histochemically for NADPH-d to investigate the presence and distribution of NOS-positive nerve fibers at the following time points: day 1 and weeks 1, 2 and 3 post partum, and in adult controls. At day 1, MG acini were lightly stained and located at a distance from the mucosal border. Vessels were accompanied by intensely stained NADPH-d positive nerve fibers. At the week 1 time point, both the vessels and the NADPH-d positive fibers were still present, but less numerous. MGs were now closer to the mucosa, so that the submucosa was thinner. The acini were mostly pale but occasionally darker. At week 3, there were fewer blood vessels in both the submucosa and within the septa. Darker acini were more common than lightly stained acini. NADPH-d positive dots were observed in the vicinity of the MGs. At the week 3 time point, MGs were adjacent to the mucosal border and stained more intensely than at earlier times; almost all acini were stained. The microscopic appearances were almost identical with those of adult palpebra. Submucosal and septal blood vessels and NADPH-d positive nerve fibers were less numerous. NADPH-d histochemical staining confirmed differences in the density of stained nerve fibers at different developmental stages. The greatest density of NADPH-d -positive nerve fibers occurred in 1-day-old rats whereas they were less numerous in adult rat eyelids. Nerves innervating MGs utilize nitric oxide (NO) as a neurotransmitter mostly in early developmental stages and this need thereafter decreases and stabilizes at 3 weeks postnatally.

Published
2010
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13. Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase and AChE activity in the anterior leaflet of rat mitral valve

Author

K. Lovasova, D. Kluchova, A. Bolekova, F. Dorko, and T. Spakovska

Subjects
NADPH-diaphorase, acetylcholinesterase, heart, mitral valve, nerve fibres, vessels, rat, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The mitral valve, as an active flap, forms the major part of the left ventricular inflow tract and therefore plays an important function in many aspects of left ventricular performance. The anterior leaflet of this valve is the largest and most ventrally placed of two leaflets that come together during ventricular systole to close the left atrioventricular orifice. Various neurotransmitters are responsible for different functions including controlling valve movement, inhibiting or causing the failure of impulse conduction in the valve and the sensation of pain. Nitric oxide acts as a gaseous free radical neurotransmitter, neuromediator and effective cardiovascular modulator. Acetyl-choline is known to function as a typical neurotransmitter. Histochemical methods for detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), as an indirect nitric oxide-synthase marker, and method for detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were used. Both methods were performed on the same valve sample. A widespread distribution of nerve fibres was observed in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The fine NADPH-d positive (nitrergic) nerve fibres were identified in all zones of valve leaflet. AChE positive (cholinergic) nerve fibres were identified forming dense network and fibres organized in stripes. Endocardial cells and vessels manifested heavy NADPH-d activity. Our observations suggest a different arrangement of nitrergic and cholinergic nerve fibres in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The presence of nitrergic and cholinergic activity confirms the involvement of both neurotransmitters in nerve plexuses and other structures of mitral valve.

Published
2010
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14. Vitamin A and amygdala: functional and morphological consequences

Author

Darina Kluchova, Beňadik Šmajda, Adriana Bolekova, Natalia Hvizdosova, and Lenka Tomasova

Subjects
Vitamin, Elevated plus maze, medicine.medical_specialty, Metabolite, Central nervous system, Retinoic acid, Cell Count, Tretinoin, Dermatology, Anxiety, Amygdala, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Nitrergic Neurons, Medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Fear, Rats, Nitric oxide synthase, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, biology.protein, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Nitrergic Neuron, Neuroscience
Abstract

Intake of vitamin A is essential for correct embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS). Its increased intake during gravidity can cause various malformations and dysfunctions of the CNS. In our work, we intended to investigate the effect of vitamin A on emotional behavior and morphology of nitrergic neurons in basolateral nucleus of the rat amygdala. For this purpose, we have administered retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, to females on 14–16 days of pregnancy at a dose 1 mg RA/kg body weight. Adult progeny of these mothers were tested in elevated plus maze test, the most widely used test for measuring anxiety-like behavior. After the test, brains of the rats were processed for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase histochemistry, which is commonly used to mark cells containing nitric oxide synthase. Our results have shown that RA applied during the sensitive phase of intrauterine development influences emotional behavior of adult rats. Animals exposed to RA had increased levels of fear and anxiety, which has been manifested by reducing the time spent in the open arms of plus maze test. Interestingly, detected behavioral changes do not correlate with the result of our morphological study. The number and morphology of nitrergic neurons in amygdala were very similar in experimental and control rats. Our results demonstrate that prenatal exposure to RA has no effect on morphological structure of amygdala, but influences its function.

Published
2013

15. Effect of retinoic acid on the nitrergic innervation of meibomian glands in rats

Author

Natalia Hvizdosova, Adriana Bolekova, Lenka Tomasova, and Darina Kluchova

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Histology, Biophysics, Retinoic acid, Meibomian gland, Antineoplastic Agents, Tretinoin, Biology, Gestational period, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pregnancy, Submucosa, Internal medicine, Nitrergic Neurons, Meibomian glands, retinoic acid, NADPH-d histochemistry, nitrergic innervation, development, medicine, retinoic acid, Animals, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Brief Report, Meibomian glands, nitrergic innervation, Cell Biology, Staining, Rats, Nitric oxide synthase, development, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), NADPH-d histochemistry, biology.protein, Female, Nitrergic Neuron, medicine.drug
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prenatal administration of retinoic acid (RA) on the development of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive structures in the rat Meibomian glands. One mg/kg of RA was applied to pregnant Wistar rats intraperitonaelly during the gestational period in each of the 12th-14th embryonic days (totally 3 mg/kg). Sections of the central upper eyelids were investigated in rat pups on the 14th postnatal day. They were processed histochemically for NADPH-d, to study the presence and distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive nerve structures. NADPH-d staining of Meibomian glands was compared in two groups of rat pups. In the control group, eyelids of 14 day-old rats were studied with no experimental intervention. The second group consisted of rat pups which were prenatally administered the excess of RA. Histochemical analysis of control eyelids revealed numerous NADPH-d well-stained acini of Meibomian glands arranged tightly into groups. Intensively stained vessels and NADPH-d/NOS-positive nerve fibers bordered acini of Meibomian glands. These structures were present in the submucosal layer as well. The analysis of RA group showed less numerous, shrunken acini of Meibomian glands that were seen not only smaller in size, but also in density of their staining and the amount of nitrergic nerve fibers around acini were considerably lowered. In the submucosa differences were noticed compared to the control group, there were numerous NADPH-d stained vessels accompanied by NADPH-d/NOS-positive nerve fibers. The excess of RA during the prenatal period may influence on the development and morphology of NADPH-d positive structures of rat’s Meibomian glands.

Published
2012

16. Postnatal development of nitrergic and cholinergic structures in rat spinal cord

Author

Adriana, Bolekova, Darina, Kluchova, Tatiana, Spakovska, Frantisek, Dorko, and Kvetuse, Lovasova

Subjects
Neurons, Animals, Newborn, Spinal Cord, Acetylcholinesterase, Age Factors, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Rats, Wistar, Nitric Oxide, Acetylcholine, NADP, Rats
Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be a freely diffusible gaseous neurotransmitter that is not requiring synaptic connection to exert its effects. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for NO synthesis can be visualised by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Other neurotransmitter is a classical neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), regulated by enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that hydrolyses the acetylcholine after its releasing. This work is presenting results of histochemical study of the NADPH-d and AChE expression (nitrergic and cholinergic neurons) in the spinal cord (SC) during various periods in its development. Specimens from Wistar rat pups in the age ranging from 1st to 21st postnatal days (P1-P21) have been compared with those of adult rats (P90). Transverse sections of the SC were evaluated by light microscope. In adults, the NADPH-d positivity was detectable in the neurons of superficial and deep layers of the dorsal horn, pericentral area and in the area of preganglionic autonomic nuclei. AChE positive structures were seen in the same locations as previous ones with the exception of two locations: in superficial layers of the dorsal horn AChE staining was absent, while in the ventral horn the groups of AChE positive motoneurons were found. At the perinatal period both NADPH-d and AChE positive neurons were stained from slight to moderate intensity only. During later developmental periods the staining gradually increased and achieved adult level of intensity on the day P21. Our results confirmed the presence of nitrergic and cholinergic neurons in investigated areas of the SC and indicated their fully functioning of NADPH-d and AChE positive structures in SC from the third postnatal week.

Published
2011

17. Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase and AChE activity in the anterior leaflet of rat mitral valve

Author

Adriana Bolekova, Kvetuse Lovasova, Frantisek Dorko, T. Spakovska, and Darina Kluchova

Subjects
Male, mitral valve, vessels, rat, vessels, Histology, Biophysics, heart, Left atrioventricular orifice, Biology, Nitric Oxide, Immunoenzyme Techniques, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mitral valve, medicine, Animals, cardiovascular diseases, Rats, Wistar, Neurotransmitter, lcsh:QH301-705.5, NADPH dehydrogenase, Original Paper, Cardiac cycle, nerve fibres, NADPH Dehydrogenase, Cell Biology, Anatomy, acetylcholinesterase, Acetylcholinesterase, Acetylcholine, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, lcsh:Biology (General), chemistry, NADPH-diaphorase, rat, cardiovascular system, Cholinergic, medicine.drug
Abstract

The mitral valve, as an active flap, forms the major part of the left ventricular inflow tract and therefore plays an important function in many aspects of left ventricular performance. The anterior leaflet of this valve is the largest and most ventrally placed of two leaflets that come together during ventricular systole to close the left atrioventricular orifice. Various neurotransmitters are responsible for different functions including controlling valve movement, inhibiting or causing the failure of impulse conduction in the valve and the sensation of pain. Nitric oxide acts as a gaseous free radical neurotransmitter, neuromediator and effective cardiovascular modulator. Acetyl-choline is known to function as a typical neurotransmitter. Histochemical methods for detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), as an indirect nitric oxide-synthase marker, and method for detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were used. Both methods were performed on the same valve sample. A widespread distribution of nerve fibres was observed in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The fine NADPH-d positive (nitrergic) nerve fibres were identified in all zones of valve leaflet. AChE positive (cholinergic) nerve fibres were identified forming dense network and fibres organized in stripes. Endocardial cells and vessels manifested heavy NADPH-d activity. Our observations suggest a different arrangement of nitrergic and cholinergic nerve fibres in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The presence of nitrergic and cholinergic activity confirms the involvement of both neurotransmitters in nerve plexuses and other structures of mitral valve.

Published
2009

18. Poster presentations

Author

Funda Aksu, Hakan Topacoglu, Candan Arman, Aytul Atac, Suleyman Tetik, Aida Hasanovic, Amela Kulenovic, Zakira Mornjakovic, Branko Pikula, Aida Sarac-Hadzihalilovic, Alma Voljevica, Belgin Bamac, Tuncay Colak, Murat Alemdar, Gulmine Dundar, Macit Selekler, Ozgur Dincer, Enis Colak, Aydin Ozbek, Cenk Kilic, Kivanc Kamburoglu, Tuncer Ozen, Vatan Kavak, Yalcin Kirici, Emin Oztas, Handan Altinkaya Soysal, Erdogan Unur, Nihat Ekinci, Omur Karaca, Olga Malakhova, Murat Kocaoglu, Serdar Toker, Figen Taser, Volkan Kilincoglu, Mustafa Fahri Yurtgun, Cannur Dalcik, Ali Zeybek, Marc Baroncini, Johann Peltier, Patrice Jissendi, Jean-Pierre Pruvo, Jean-Paul Francke, Vincent Prevot, Rengin Kosif, Yasin Arifoglu, Murat Diramali, Mustafa Sarsilmaz, Evren Kose, Murat Ogeturk, Burhan Akpinar, Ilter Kus, Sedat Meydan, Alev Kara, Zeliha Kurtoglu, Ibrahim Tekdemir, Alaittin Elhan, Orhan Bas, Ersan Odaci, Hakan Mollaoglu, Kagan Ucok, Suleyman Kaplan, Mehmet Senoglu, Vedat Nacitarhan, Ergul Belge Kurutas, Nimet Senoglu, Idris Altun, Yalcin Atli, Davut Ozbag, Sacide Karakas, M. Dincer Bilgin, Ayfer Metin Tellioglu, Sercin Ozlem, Betul Akcanal, Yuksel Yildiz, Hakki Gunes, Hayrullah Kose, Ibrahim Uzum, Umit Naci Gundogmus, Cigdem Caglayan, Velichka Pavlova, Mashenka Dimitrova, Lilia Georgieva, Elena Nikolova, Deniz Uzmansel, Nail Can Ozturk, Canan Yurttas Saylam, Erkin Ozgiray, Mustafa Orhan, Sedat Cagli, Mehmet Zileli, Derya Ozkan, Taylan Akkaya, Ayhan Comert, Nilgun Balikci, Esra Ozdemir, Haluk Gumus, Zafer Ergul, Oskay Kaya, Serdar Altun, R. Erkin Unlu, Hakan Orbay, Deog-Im Kim, Seung-Ho Han, Yi-Suk Kim, Ho-Jeong Kim, Kyu-Seok Lee, Omur Elcioglu, Hilmi Ozden, Gul Guven, Nurcan Imre, Bulent Yalcin, Hasan Ozan, Pinar Akyer, Mustafa Guvencer, Vasfi Karatosun, Mandeep Gill Sagoo, Rachel Claire Aland, Derya Ustuner, M. Cengiz Ustuner, Jafar Ai, Seyed Reza Ghazi, Seyed Hadi Mansouri, Mehmet Cudi Tuncer, Mehmet Ufuk Aluclu, Ozlen Karabulut, Eyup Savas Hatipoglu, Hasan Nazaroglu, Cigdem Icke, Emrah Akbay, Turkan Gunay, Suleyman Icke, Selda Yildiz, Fatih Yazar, Barcin Orhan Barlas, Delia Elena Zahoi, Ahmet Kavakli, Ufuk Tas, Durrin Ozlem Dabak, Hilal Irmak Sapmaz, Necdet Kocabiyik, Cenk Murat Ozer, Ayhan Ozcan, Levent Elevli, Kadir Desdicioglu, Ibrahim Alanbay, Figen Govsa, Canan Y. Saylam, Ilgaz Akdogan, Yilmaz Kiroglu, Sule Onur, Emine Hilal Evcil, Neslihan Cankara, Mehmet Ali Malas, M. Tayyar Kalcioglu, Serdar Duman, Tufan Ulcay, Ahmet Uzun, Zulfu Karabulut, Cagatay Barut, Ozdemir Sevinc, Gamze Yurdakan, Dundar Kacar, Ali Riza Erdogan, Hulyam Kurt, Bunyamin Demir, Mustafa Saltan, Dilek Burukoglu, Mehmet Cengiz Ustuner, Irfan Degirmenci, Aliriza Erdogan, Ozlem Damar, Merih Is, Gokhan Bayramoglu, Sahin Kabay, Onur Uysal, Hakan Senturk, Aysegul Bayramoglu, Cansu Ozbayar, Ali Kutlu, Mediha Canbek, Salih Cenap Cevli, Oguz Hancerlioglu, Mustafa Koplay, Elif Aksakalli, Fatih Dikici, Aysin Kale, Ozcan Gayretli, Ilke Ali Gurses, Senem Turan Ozdemir, Ilker Ercan, Emel Bulbul Baskan, Mediha Yilmaz, Guven Ozkaya, Hayriye Saricaoglu, Mete Erturk, Gulgun Kayalioglu, Mehmet Uzel, Guler Kahraman, Ercan Tanyeli, Ali Ihsan Soyluoglu, Orhan Tacar, Ayda Demirant, Murat Bilgin, Aziz Karadede, Ayfer Aktas, E. Hilal Evcil, Esra Koyuncu, Osman Sulak, Soner Albay, Gulnur Ozguner, Ahmet Ozbek, Elvan Ozbek, A. Hakan Ozturk, Tuba Demirci, Engin Ciftcioglu, Mehmet Tevfik Demir, Cem Kopuz, Esra Eroglu, Semin Gedikli, Hamit Ozyurek, Mehmet Selim Nural, Lutfi Incesu, Gonul Ogur, Engin Kara, Baris Celebi, Altan Yildiz, B. Zuhal Altunkaynak, Samet Vasfi Kuvat, Suleyman Murat Tagil, Cumhur Ertekin, Hilmi Uysal, Fikret Bademkiran, Nural Albayrak, Ali Firat Esmer, Nigar Keles Coskun, Muzaffer Sindel, Ferah Kizilay, Sevket Yalin, Nevin Karapinar, Mehmet Tokdemir, Lokman Karakurt, Levent Tumkaya, Adnan Korkmaz, Bulent Ayas, Nusret Ciftci, Yuksel Terzi, Ozlem Baran, Yusuf Nergiz, Murat Akkus, Ufuk Aluclu, Askin Ender Topal, Dilek Yuksel, Halil Ibrahim Acar, Simel Kendir, Emre Hekimoglu, Deniz Basman, Sunay Duman, Baris Ozener, Can Pelin, Ragiba Zagyapan, Ayla Kurkcuoglu, Mustafa Koc, Meral Erdinc, Levent Erdinc, Ilker Kelle, Enver Sancakdar, Nil Cetin, Selcuk Tunik, Ayse Yildirim, Iskender Kaplanoglu, Ercan Ayaz, Necip Ilhan, Mehmet Okumus, Kasim Zafer Yuksel, Harun Ciralik, Zeki Yilmaz, Yakup Gumusalan, Mehmet Gamsizkan, Mustafa Kazkayasi, Nadire Unver Dogan, Ismihan Ilknur Uysal, Aylin Karalezli, Zeliha Fazliogullari, Mustafa Buyukmumcu, Mehmet Cem Bozkurt, Aynur Emine Cicekcibasi, Deniz Demiryurek, M. Hakan Ozsoy, Alp Bayramoglu, Eray Tuccar, Ozlem Pamukcu Baran, Sevda Soker, Selen Bahceci, Yasemin Nasir, Mehmet Tugrul Yilmaz, Emine Aynur Cicekcibasi, Mahinur Ulusoy, Pervin Gunaslan, Nuray Bilge, Muzaffer Akkaya, Abdurrahman Genc, Sezer Akcer, Yucel Gonul, Emine Cosar, Gulengul Koken, Ilknur Ari, Sinan Bakirci, Ilker Mustafa Kafa, Murat Uysal, Ahmet Kagan Karabulut, Bahar Keles, Dilek Emlik, Yavuz Uyar, Kayhan Ozturk, Neslihan Altuntas Yilmaz, Ahmet Salbacak, Burkay Kutluhan Kacira, Mehmet Arazi, Serafettin Demirci, Demet Kiresi, Serter Gumus, Muzaffer Seker, Mehmet Uyar, Mohammad Ebrahim Astaneh, Alireza Khorshid, Ramazan Uygur, Ahmet Songur, Osman Fikret Sonmez, Kamil Hakan Dogan, Giray Kolcu, Madalina Iliescu, Petru Bordei, Dan Iliescu, Camelia Ciobotaru, Viorel Lucescu, Anatoli Covaleov, Constantin Ionescu, Miguel Guirao, E. Páramo, R. Mutuberria, I. Sánchez-Montesinos, O. Roda, F. Girón, Miguel Lopez-Soler, Olga Roda, Raúl Campos-López, Miguel Guirao-Piñeiro, Maria Teresa Pascual-Morenilla, Indalecio Sanchez-Montesinos, Maria Teresa Pascual, I. Garzon, D. Serrato, R. Nieto-Aguilar, I. Sanchez-Montesinos, M. Sanchez-Quevedo, M. Bulent Ozdemir, R. Hakan Ozean, Dilek Bagdatli, Esat Adiguzel, Zumrut Dogan, Ozlem Aycan, Nigar Vardi, Haldun Sukru Erkal, Hakan Ozturk, S. Mocanu, C. Stefanescu, A. Ionescu, Raluca Talpes, Elena Sapte, Constantin Dina, Loredana Surdu, Ionut Bulbuc, M. T. Medina, J. Medina, M. López-Soler, Carlos Martin-Oviedo, Alejandro Lowy-Benoliel, Eva Maranillo, Tomas Martinez-Guirado, Jose Sañudo, Bartolome Scola, Teresa Vazquez, L. A. Arráez-Aybar, J. L. Conejo-Menor, C. C. Gonzáles-Gómez, A. J. Torres-García, Hisayo Nasu, Shoji Chiba, M. Gutierrez-Semillera, Yahya Paksoy, Ahmet Kalaycioglu, Mehmet Yildirim, Ali Ozyasar, Omer Ozdogmus, Yusuf Ozgur Cakmak, Ural Verimli, Safiye Cavdar, Begum Yildizhan, Z. Asli Aktan Ikiz, Hulya Ucerler, Zuhal Ozgur, Seher Yilmaz, Abdullah Demirtas, Ertugrul Mavili, Mehtap Hacialiogullari, Hatice Susar, Seda Arslan, Kenan Aycan, Vecihi Ozkaya, Mara Pilmane, Sarmite Boka, Gursel Ortug, Carlos Ramirez, Aran Pascual-Font, Francisco Valderrama-Canales, Abdulah Kucukalic, Eldan Kapur, Elvira Talovic, Vaclav Baca, Robert Grill, Zdenek Horak, David Kachlik, Valer Dzupa, Marek Konarik, Jakub Knize, Petr Veleminsky, Tereza Smrzova, Michal Otcenasek, Jana Chmelova, Michal Kheck, Tomas Cupka, Lukas Hnatek, Floris van der Meijs, Pavel Cech, Vladimir Musil, H. Mustafa Ozkan, S. Kivanc Muratli, Hamid Tayefi, Ipek Ergur, Amac Kiray, Muhsin Toktas, Ozan Alkoc, Tolgahan Acar, Ibrahim Uzun, Oguz Asian Ozen, Abdullah Aycicek, Ozan Alper Alkoc, Mehmet Unlu, Ufuk Corumlu, Ihsaniye Coskun Ikiz, I. Hakan Oygucu, Erdogan Sendemir, Tuncay Kaner, Veli Caglar, Olcay Eser, Mehmet T. Demir, Omer Iyigun, Gokhan Pirzirenli, Ahmet Hilmi Kaya, Mennan Ece Aydin, Fahrettin Celik, Hakan True, Sevket Ozkaya, Bekir Ugur Ergur, Gulsah Zeybek, Kadir Bacakoglu, Mina Tadjalli, Aghdas Poostpasand, Seid Hadi Mansouiri, Ozra Allahvaisi, Jafar Soleimanirad, Bahram Nikkhoo, Yasukazu Nagato, Yasuo Haruki, Komazo Yazawa, Tutomu Okazaki, Munetaka Haida, Yutaka Imai, Thmineh Peirouvi, Mehrzad Mahzad-Sadaghiani, Farahnaz Noroozinia, Salami Siamak, Gholamhosseine Farjah, Sima Mola, Ewa Biegaj, Tymon Skadorwa, Konrad Pawlewicz, Robert Kapolka, Agata Chachulska, Joanna Zabicka, Aleksandra Krasowska, Alicja Prusik, Grzegorz Jaczewski, Adam Kolesnik, M. Mohsen Taghavi, S. Hasan Alavi, S. Adel Moallem, Zahed Safikhani, Marzieh Panahi, Shahriar Dabiri, Majid Asadi Shekaari, Rafael Latorre, Federico Soria, Octavio Lopez-Albors, Ricardo Sarria, Inacio Ayala, Inma Serrano, Enrique Perez-Cuadrado, Vladimir Musienko, Dmitry Tkachenko, Neriman Colakoglu, Murat Abdulgani Kus, Mahdi Jalali, Mohammad Reza Nikravesh, Abbas Ali Moeen, Mohammad Hassan Karimfar, Houshang Rafighdoost, Shabnam Mohammadi, Marina Korneeva, Houshang Rafighdoust, Kvetuse Lovasova, Adriana Bolekova, Darina Kluchova, Igor Sulla, Marina Yurievna Kapitonova, Syed Baharom Syed Ahmad Fuad, Flossie Jayakaran, Ali Reza Shams, Fereshteh Aghaee, Zohreh Baqer, Mohamad Faroki, Srijit Das, Normadiah Kassim, Azian Latiff, Frihah Suhaimi, Norzana Ghafar, Khin Pa Pa Hlaing, Israa Maatoq, Faizah Othman, Muge Kiray, Husnu Alper Bagriyanik, Cetin Pekcetin, Candan Ozogul, Mustafa Fidan, Farihah Suhaimi, Fei Sun, Francisco Sanchez-Margallo, Francisco Gil, Verónica Crisostomo, Jesus Uson, Gegorio Ramirez, Ozan Turamanlar, Oguz Kirpiko, Alpay Haktanir, Salvador Climent, Sergio Losilla, Maria Climent, Levent Sarikcioglu, Yesim Senol, Fatos B. Yildirim, Arzu Utuk, Jacek Kunicki, Parichehr Pasbakhsh, Negar Omidi, Hamed Omidi, Fatemeh Dehghani Nazhvani, Seyed Razi Ghalebi, Nima Javan, Akrami Mohagery, Ali Reza Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan, Mohammad Mehdi Hassanzadeh Taheri, Ali Reza Fazel, Cesare Tiengo, Veronica Macchi, Carla Stecco, Andrea Porzionato, Franco Mazzoleni, Raffaele De Caro, Alberto Clemente, Aldo Morra, Pietro Greco, Piero Pavan, Arturo Natali, Mehmet Demir, Mehmet Dokur, Niyazi Acer, Ayfer Mavi, Niki Matveeva, Dobrila Lazarova, Kostandina Korneti, Svetlana Jovevska, Dragica Jurkovik, Meri Papazova, Masoumeh Havasi, Naeim Alboghobeish, Ahmad Savari, Negin Salamat, Mozafar Sharifi, Hyun-Ho Kwak, Kyung-Seok Hu, Gyoo-Cheon Kim, Bong-Soo Park, Hee-Jin Kim, Ahmet Sinav, Adarsh K. Gulati, Nidhi K. Gulati, Hussien Alshammary, Seifollah Dehghani Nazhvani, Amir Vafafar, Tahereh Esmaeilpour, Soghra Bahmanpour, Leila Elyasi, Ahmad Monabbati, M. Ghanadi, Mohammad Reza Paryani, Hassan Gilanpour, Banino Amirsam, Rodrigo Elizondo Omaña, Santos Guzmán López, Oscar De la Garza Castro, Edgar Urrutia Vega, Santos Guzman Lopez, Freshteh Talebpour, Rahim Golmohammadi, Golamreza Dashti, Mohammad Ali Atlasi, Mehdi Mehdizadeh, Mohammad Hadi Bahadori, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei, Leili Hatami, Mandana Beigi Boroujeni, Jasem Estakhr, Ebrahim Esfandiary, Mohsen Marzban, Mehrdad Bakhtiary, Navid Modiry, Mokhtar Jafarpur, Hassan Mofidpur, S. Hassan Alavi, Alareza Mahmoudian, Mohmmad Mohsen Taghavi, Mokhtar Jafarpour, Ali Reza Mahmoudian, Nasrin Sanjarmousavi, Ines Doassans, Natalia Sorrenti, German Decuadro, Andres Saibene, Marie Poumayrac, Sebastian Laza, Carina Almiron, Maria Elena Vergara, Victor Soria, Sebastian Lasa, Adolfo Perez, Gabriela Castro, Ana Santa Maria, Mansoureh Soleimani, Majid Katebi, Masoomeh Bakhshayesh, Mithat Oner, Mehmet Halici, Ali Yikilmaz, Ahmet Guney, Yildirim Turk, Mete Edizer, Umit Beden, Nihal Icten, Mohammad Afshar, Mohammad Mehdi Hasanzadeh Taheri, Adel Moalem, Mohammad Jafar Golalipour, Azadeh Tamizi, Mohammad Ahi, Shahram Mohammadpour, Ardeshir Maiery, Cengiz Acikel, Ersin Ulkur, Huseyin Karagoz, Bahattin Celikoz, Kuldip Bedi, Partadiredja Ginus, Mohammad Jafar Golalipoor, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Poya Jhand, Azad Reza Mansourian, Kanizreza Hosseinpoor, Abbas Ali Keshtkar, Raith Alsaffar, Babak Kabiri Balajadeh, Soraya Ghafari, Ramin Azarhosh, Seyyed Amirhossein Fazeli, Mehrdad Jahanshahi, Annen Mohammad Gharravi, Banu Alicioglu, Hakki Muammer Karakas, Ahmet Harma, Hun-Mu Yang, Sung-Yoon Won, Jae-Gi Lee, Ju-Young Lee, Jeong-Yong Lee, Yoo-Ri Kim, Wu-Chul Song, Ki-Seok Koh, Eu-Na Hwang, Hyun-Gon Choi, Soon-Heum Kim, Soo-Young Kim, Mi-Sun Hur, Enis Ulucam, Osman Celbis, Da-Hye Kim, Hee-Suk Hong, Hyun-Joo Kim, Jong-Hoon Choi, Jong-Tae Park, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Hamed Abbasi, Seyed Mohammad Hosseinipanah, Mohammad Hosseini, A. Amani, H. R. Ashrafi, Mohsen Sadeghimehr, Hyun-Ju Kim, Vadim Sheverdin, Zahra Amani, Alireza Ashrafi, Ali Reza Ashrafi, Hami Javad, Mokhtar Jafarpoor Kachap, Sebastián Laza, Marie Catherine Poumayrac, Inés Doassans, María Elena Vergara, Carina Almirón, Víctor Soria, Alvaro Rivara, Angela Sirilo, Diego Freire, Angela Cirillo, Maria Elena Veragara, Vlado Krmek, Nikola Krmek, Ana Jo-Osvatic, Vasilije Nikolic, Radivoje Radic, R. Shane Tubbs, Marios Loukas, Quentin Fogg, Neil Ashwood, Serpil Cilingiroglu, Cemal Ozbakir, Tahereh Mazoochi, Vedat Sabanciogullari, Cesur Gumus, F. Hayat Erdil, Mehmet Cimen, Hesam Moodi, Fateme Ghiasi, Asghar Akbari, Javad Hami, Majid Khazei, Elham Haghparast, Ioannis Mitsakis, Aikaterini Anastasiou, Menelaos Mitsakis, Kyriaki Sianou, Roxani Hainoglou, Margarida Francisco, Charikleia Mitsaki, Maria Konstantinidi, Stamatia Prapa, Igor Leksan, Tomislav Mrcela, Robert Selthofer, Fatemeh Kermanian, Alireza Mahmoudian, Mahmood Erfanian Ahmadpoor, Naser Dalili, Amir Hossein Elian, Ardesheer Moaiery, Zahra Jamalpour, Mohammad Reza Nourani, Alireza Asgari, Alireza Ebrahimzadeh, Seyed Hasan Eftekharvaghefi, Abbas Mohammadi, Vahid Sheibani, Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani, Mastafa Latifpour, Masood Deilami, Behzad Soroure-Azimzadeh, Fatemeh Nabipour, Hamid Najafipour, Nouzar Nakhaee, Mohammad Yaghoobi, Rana Eftekharvaghefi, Parvin Salehinejad, Hasan Azizi, Hamid Reza Riasi, Maliheh Nobakht, Sara Asalgoo, Roshanak Rahbar, Norooz Najafzadeh, Kazem Moosavizadeh, Massood Ezzatabadypour, Masoud Majidi, Reza Malekpor-Afshar, Fariba Karimzade, Mahmood Hoseini, Mohamad Bayat, Ali Gorgi, Akram Nezhadi, Mehrdad Bakhtiari, Homa Rasooli Jazi, Maryam Jafaryan, Hosein Haghir, Mahmood Hosseini, Sadegh Rahimi, Fatemeh Behnam Rassouli, Ali Gorji, Aliasghar Habibi, Fatemeh Pouya, Shahryar Dabiri, A. Mousavi, Saeed Rajabalian, A. Abolidokht, Neda Khanlarkhani, Homayoun Naderian, Nezamedin Berjis, Mohamad Reza Namavar, Tahereh Talaei, Zohreh Mazaheri, Ahmad Monabati, Mehmet Ilkay Kosar, Kezban Karacan, Hamidreza Chegini, Hossein Nikzad, Egemen Ayhan, Sinan Ustundag, Salih Murat Akkin, Tahir Ogut, Parviz Rayegan, Mohamad Ali Emami Meibodi, Reza Montazer Ghaem, Rosa Zargarpoor, Seyd Hasan Eftekhar Vaghefi, Ghazale Moshkdanian, Fateme Poya, Hamid Kohestani, Roozbeh Rayegan Abarghoeai, Parviz Rayegan Abarghoeai, Seyed Hasan Eftekhar Vaghefi, Abolghasem Amir Mahmodi, Ali Poraboli, Hamid Reza Kohestani, Raena Eftekhar Vaghefi, Seyed Hasan Eftekhar Vaghefy, Raena Eftekhar Vaghefy, Parviz Raygan Abarghoeai, Mohamad Saba, Anneh Mohammad Gharravi, Fatemeh Javadnia, Mohsen Zhaleh, Dariush Bijan Nezhad, Mohammad Reza Gholami, Maria Piagkou, Vassiliki Kouki Aikaterini, Giannoulis Piagkos, Stergios Douvetzemis, Panagiotis Skandalakis, Sophia Anagnostopoulou, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, H. Hamdi Celik, Ilkan Tatar, Emel Cadalli Tatar, Burce Ozgen Mocan, Mustafa F. Sargon, C. Cem Denk, Homa Rasoolijazi, Mohammad Taghi Joghataie, Mehrdad Roghani, Salin Murat Akkin, Gulten Dinc, Mustafa Kurklu, Sener Ozboluk, Mahmut Komurcu, Jürgen Koebke, Mehmet Bulent Balioglu, Mehmet Akif Kaygusuz, Ferdi Sefa Bozkus, Ozgur Korkmaz, Sule Biyik Bayram, Mehmet Ali Can, Ebrahim Nasiri, Koroush Jafar-Kazemi, Melina Hosseini, Shahin Maghoul, Mansooreh Soleimani, Abdollah Amini, Mohamad Mahdi Hassanzade, Mohammad Hossein Davari, Tom Van Hoof, Germano T. Gomes, Emmanuel Audenaert, Koenraad Verstraete, Ingrid Kerckaert, Katharina D’Herde, Brion Benninger, Gil Hedley, Florin Mihail Filipoiu, Eugen Tarta, Mihali Enyedi, Cosmin Pantu, Razvan Stanciulescu, Cezary Skobowiat, Jaroslaw Calka, Mariusz Majewski, Maryam Rezaian, Akbar Yaghoobfar, Somayeh Hamedi, and T. Shomali

Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Surgery, Anatomy, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Published
2009

23. Influence of surgical and chemical orchidectomy on weight and distribution of AChE-nerve fibres in thymuses of adult rats

Author

T. Spakovska, Adriana Bolekova, Frantisek Dorko, Darina Kluchova, T Borošová, and Kvetuse Lovasova

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Aché, surgical and chemical orchidectomy, thymus, surgical and chemical orchidectomy, AChE-positive nerves, age-dependent involution, rat, Biophysics, age-dependent involution, Thymus Gland, Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, thymus, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Regeneration, Distribution (pharmacology), Involution (medicine), Orchiectomy, Rats, Wistar, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Original Paper, Cholinergic Fibers, Regeneration (biology), AChE-positive nerves, Organ Size, Cell Biology, Acetylcholinesterase, language.human_language, Rats, Endocrinology, lcsh:Biology (General), chemistry, rat, language, Hormone
Abstract

The thymus is a crossroad between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. As such, it is innervated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive fibres of the vagus, the recurrent laryngeal and the phrenic nerves. It is well know, that the innervations density of the thymus increases with age. In our study, adult rats were orchidectomized (surgically and chemically by the application of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone). The density of AChE-positive nerve fibres in thymuses, as well as the weight of thymuses was examined. The authors found that both surgical and chemical orchidectomy result in macroscopic and microscopic regeneration of the atrophied thymuses. In regenerated rat’s thymuses after orchidectomy the density of AChE-positive nerve fibres was markedly higher in comparison with the control animals. The distribution, as well as the density of AChE-positive nerve fibres in regenerated thymuses after orchidectomy evokes the images of its innervations like in young animals before age-related involution. The authors also found a markedly higher weight of thymuses of orchidectomized rats in comparison with the control groups. In recent study the authors proved that after 8 weeks surgical orchidectomy leads to the regeneration of thymic AChE-positive innervation and chemical orchidectomy by administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone after 4 weeks of adult rats.

Published
2011
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24. Postnatal development of nitrergic and cholinergic structures in rat spinal cord.

Author

Bolekova A, Kluchova D, Spakovska T, Dorko F, and Lovasova K

Subjects
Acetylcholinesterase metabolism, Age Factors, Animals, Animals, Newborn, NADP metabolism, Neurons classification, Neurons enzymology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Spinal Cord cytology, Acetylcholine metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental physiology, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Spinal Cord enzymology, Spinal Cord growth & development
Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be a freely diffusible gaseous neurotransmitter that is not requiring synaptic connection to exert its effects. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for NO synthesis can be visualised by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Other neurotransmitter is a classical neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), regulated by enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that hydrolyses the acetylcholine after its releasing. This work is presenting results of histochemical study of the NADPH-d and AChE expression (nitrergic and cholinergic neurons) in the spinal cord (SC) during various periods in its development. Specimens from Wistar rat pups in the age ranging from 1st to 21st postnatal days (P1-P21) have been compared with those of adult rats (P90). Transverse sections of the SC were evaluated by light microscope. In adults, the NADPH-d positivity was detectable in the neurons of superficial and deep layers of the dorsal horn, pericentral area and in the area of preganglionic autonomic nuclei. AChE positive structures were seen in the same locations as previous ones with the exception of two locations: in superficial layers of the dorsal horn AChE staining was absent, while in the ventral horn the groups of AChE positive motoneurons were found. At the perinatal period both NADPH-d and AChE positive neurons were stained from slight to moderate intensity only. During later developmental periods the staining gradually increased and achieved adult level of intensity on the day P21. Our results confirmed the presence of nitrergic and cholinergic neurons in investigated areas of the SC and indicated their fully functioning of NADPH-d and AChE positive structures in SC from the third postnatal week.

Published
2011
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