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2. Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Author

Potapov, A. M., Chen, T. -W., Striuchkova, A. V., Alatalo, J. M., Alexandre, D., Arbea, J., Ashton, T., Ashwood, F., Babenko, A. B., Bandyopadhyaya, I., Baretta, C. R. D. M., Baretta, D., Barnes, A. D., Bellini, B. C., Bendjaballah, M., Berg, M. P., Bernava, V., Bokhorst, S., Bokova, A. I., Bolger, T., Bouchard, M., Brito, R. A., Buchori, D., Castano-Meneses, G., Chauvat, M., Chomel, M., Chow, Y., Chown, S. L., Classen, A. T., Cortet, J., Cuchta, P., de la Pedrosa, A. M., De Lima, E. C. A., Deharveng, L. E., Doblas Miranda, E., Drescher, J., Eisenhauer, N., Ellers, J., Ferlian, O., Ferreira, S. S. D., Ferreira, A. S., Fiera, C., Filser, J., Franken, O., Fujii, S., Koudji, E. G., Gao, M., Gendreau-Berthiaume, B., Gers, C., Greve, M., Hamra-Kroua, S., Handa, I. T., Hasegawa, M., Heiniger, C., Hishi, T., Holmstrup, M., Homet, P., Hoye, T. T., Ivask, M., Jacques, B., Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, M., Joimel, S., Jorge, B. C. S., Jucevica, E., Kapinga, E. M., Kovac, L., Krab, E. J., Krogh, P. H., Kuu, A., Kuznetsova, N., Lam, W. N., Lin, D., Lindo, Z., Liu, A. W. P., Lu, J. -Z., Lucianez, M. J., Marx, M. T., Mawan, A., Mccary, M. A., Minor, M. A., Mitchell, G. I., Moreno, D., Nakamori, T., Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, U. N., Ochoa-Hueso, R., Oliveira Filho, L. C. I., Palacios-Vargas, J. G., Pollierer, M. M., Ponge, J. -F., Potapov, M. B., Querner, P., Rai, B., Raschmanova, N., Rashid, M. I., Raymond-Leonard, L. J., Reis, A. S., Ross, G. M., Rousseau, L., Russell, D. J., Saifutdinov, R. A., Salmon, S., Santonja, M., Saraeva, A. K., Sayer, E. J., Scheunemann, N., Scholz, C., Seeber, J., Shaw, P., Shveenkova, Y. B., Slade, E. M., Stebaeva, S., Sterzynska, M., Sun, X., Susanti, W. I., Taskaeva, A. A., Tay, L. S., Thakur, M. P., Treasure, A. M., Tsiafouli, M., Twala, M. N., Uvarov, A. V., Venier, L. A., Widenfalk, L. A., Widyastuti, R., Winck, B., Winkler, D., Wu, D., Xie, Z., Yin, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Zeppelini, D., Zhang, B., Zoughailech, A., Ashford, O., Klauberg-Filho, O., Scheu, S., Negri I. (ORCID:0000-0001-5188-1408), Potapov, A. M., Chen, T. -W., Striuchkova, A. V., Alatalo, J. M., Alexandre, D., Arbea, J., Ashton, T., Ashwood, F., Babenko, A. B., Bandyopadhyaya, I., Baretta, C. R. D. M., Baretta, D., Barnes, A. D., Bellini, B. C., Bendjaballah, M., Berg, M. P., Bernava, V., Bokhorst, S., Bokova, A. I., Bolger, T., Bouchard, M., Brito, R. A., Buchori, D., Castano-Meneses, G., Chauvat, M., Chomel, M., Chow, Y., Chown, S. L., Classen, A. T., Cortet, J., Cuchta, P., de la Pedrosa, A. M., De Lima, E. C. A., Deharveng, L. E., Doblas Miranda, E., Drescher, J., Eisenhauer, N., Ellers, J., Ferlian, O., Ferreira, S. S. D., Ferreira, A. S., Fiera, C., Filser, J., Franken, O., Fujii, S., Koudji, E. G., Gao, M., Gendreau-Berthiaume, B., Gers, C., Greve, M., Hamra-Kroua, S., Handa, I. T., Hasegawa, M., Heiniger, C., Hishi, T., Holmstrup, M., Homet, P., Hoye, T. T., Ivask, M., Jacques, B., Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, M., Joimel, S., Jorge, B. C. S., Jucevica, E., Kapinga, E. M., Kovac, L., Krab, E. J., Krogh, P. H., Kuu, A., Kuznetsova, N., Lam, W. N., Lin, D., Lindo, Z., Liu, A. W. P., Lu, J. -Z., Lucianez, M. J., Marx, M. T., Mawan, A., Mccary, M. A., Minor, M. A., Mitchell, G. I., Moreno, D., Nakamori, T., Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, U. N., Ochoa-Hueso, R., Oliveira Filho, L. C. I., Palacios-Vargas, J. G., Pollierer, M. M., Ponge, J. -F., Potapov, M. B., Querner, P., Rai, B., Raschmanova, N., Rashid, M. I., Raymond-Leonard, L. J., Reis, A. S., Ross, G. M., Rousseau, L., Russell, D. J., Saifutdinov, R. A., Salmon, S., Santonja, M., Saraeva, A. K., Sayer, E. J., Scheunemann, N., Scholz, C., Seeber, J., Shaw, P., Shveenkova, Y. B., Slade, E. M., Stebaeva, S., Sterzynska, M., Sun, X., Susanti, W. I., Taskaeva, A. A., Tay, L. S., Thakur, M. P., Treasure, A. M., Tsiafouli, M., Twala, M. N., Uvarov, A. V., Venier, L. A., Widenfalk, L. A., Widyastuti, R., Winck, B., Winkler, D., Wu, D., Xie, Z., Yin, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Zeppelini, D., Zhang, B., Zoughailech, A., Ashford, O., Klauberg-Filho, O., Scheu, S., and Negri I. (ORCID:0000-0001-5188-1408)

Abstract

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.

Published
2024

9. Selecting cost effective and policy-relevant biological indicators for European monitoring of soil biodiversity and ecosystem function

Author

Griffiths, B.S., Römbke, J., Schmelz, R.M., Scheffczyk, A., Faber, J.H., Bloem, J., Pérès, G., Cluzeau, D., Chabbi, A., Suhadolc, M., Sousa, J.P., Martins da Silva, P., Carvalho, F., Mendes, S., Morais, P., Francisco, R., Pereira, C., Bonkowski, M., Geisen, S., Bardgett, R.D., de Vries, F.T., Bolger, T., Dirilgen, T., Schmidt, O., Winding, A., Hendriksen, N.B., Johansen, A., Philippot, L., Plassart, P., Bru, D., Thomson, B., Griffiths, R.I., Bailey, M.J., Keith, A., Rutgers, M., Mulder, C., Hannula, S.E., Creamer, R., and Stone, D.

Published
2016
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10. Ecological network analysis reveals the inter-connection between soil biodiversity and ecosystem function as affected by land use across Europe

Author

Creamer, R.E., Hannula, S.E., Leeuwen, J.P.Van, Stone, D., Rutgers, M., Schmelz, R.M., Ruiter, P.C.de, Hendriksen, N.Bohse, Bolger, T., Bouffaud, M.L., Buee, M., Carvalho, F., Costa, D., Dirilgen, T., Francisco, R., Griffiths, B.S., Griffiths, R., Martin, F., Silva, P.Martins da, Mendes, S., Morais, P.V., Pereira, C., Philippot, L., Plassart, P., Redecker, D., Römbke, J., Sousa, J.P., Wouterse, M., and Lemanceau, P.

Published
2016
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12. Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Author

Potapov, A. M., Guerra, C. A., van den Hoogen, J., Babenko, A., Bellini, B. C., Berg, M. P., Chown, S. L., Deharveng, L., Kováč, Ľ., Kuznetsova, N. A., Ponge, J. F., Potapov, M. B., Russell, D. J., Alexandre, D., Alatalo, J. M., Arbea, J. I., Bandyopadhyaya, I., Bernava, V., Bokhorst, S., Bolger, T., Castaño-Meneses, G., Chauvat, M., Chen, T. W., Chomel, M., Classen, A. T., Cortet, J., Čuchta, P., Manuela de la Pedrosa, A., Ferreira, S. S. D., Fiera, C., Filser, J., Franken, O., Fujii, S., Koudji, E. G., Gao, M., Gendreau-Berthiaume, B., Gomez-Pamies, D. F., Greve, M., Tanya Handa, I., Heiniger, C., Holmstrup, M., Homet, P., Ivask, M., Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, M., Joimel, S., Claudia, S. Jorge B., Jucevica, E., Ferlian, O., Iuñes de Oliveira Filho, L. C., Klauberg-Filho, O., Baretta, D., Krab, E. J., Kuu, A., de Lima, E. C. A., Lin, D., Lindo, Z., Liu, A., Lu, J. Z., Luciañez, M. J., Marx, M. T., Mccary, M. A., Minor, M. A., Nakamori, T., Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, R., Palacios-Vargas, J. G., Pollierer, M. M., Querner, P., Raschmanová, N., Rashid, M. I., Raymond-Léonard, L. J., Rousseau, L., Saifutdinov, R. A., Salmon, S., Sayer, E. J., Scheunemann, N., Scholz, C., Seeber, J., Shveenkova, Y. B., Stebaeva, S. K., Sterzynska, M., Sun, X., Susanti, W. I., Taskaeva, A. A., Thakur, M. P., Tsiafouli, M. A., Turnbull, M. S., Twala, M. N., Uvarov, A. V., Venier, L. A., Widenfalk, L. A., Winck, B. R., Winkler, D., Wu, D., Xie, Z., Yin, R., Zeppelini, D., Crowther, T. W., Eisenhauer, N., Negri I. (ORCID:0000-0001-5188-1408), Potapov, A. M., Guerra, C. A., van den Hoogen, J., Babenko, A., Bellini, B. C., Berg, M. P., Chown, S. L., Deharveng, L., Kováč, Ľ., Kuznetsova, N. A., Ponge, J. F., Potapov, M. B., Russell, D. J., Alexandre, D., Alatalo, J. M., Arbea, J. I., Bandyopadhyaya, I., Bernava, V., Bokhorst, S., Bolger, T., Castaño-Meneses, G., Chauvat, M., Chen, T. W., Chomel, M., Classen, A. T., Cortet, J., Čuchta, P., Manuela de la Pedrosa, A., Ferreira, S. S. D., Fiera, C., Filser, J., Franken, O., Fujii, S., Koudji, E. G., Gao, M., Gendreau-Berthiaume, B., Gomez-Pamies, D. F., Greve, M., Tanya Handa, I., Heiniger, C., Holmstrup, M., Homet, P., Ivask, M., Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, M., Joimel, S., Claudia, S. Jorge B., Jucevica, E., Ferlian, O., Iuñes de Oliveira Filho, L. C., Klauberg-Filho, O., Baretta, D., Krab, E. J., Kuu, A., de Lima, E. C. A., Lin, D., Lindo, Z., Liu, A., Lu, J. Z., Luciañez, M. J., Marx, M. T., Mccary, M. A., Minor, M. A., Nakamori, T., Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, R., Palacios-Vargas, J. G., Pollierer, M. M., Querner, P., Raschmanová, N., Rashid, M. I., Raymond-Léonard, L. J., Rousseau, L., Saifutdinov, R. A., Salmon, S., Sayer, E. J., Scheunemann, N., Scholz, C., Seeber, J., Shveenkova, Y. B., Stebaeva, S. K., Sterzynska, M., Sun, X., Susanti, W. I., Taskaeva, A. A., Thakur, M. P., Tsiafouli, M. A., Turnbull, M. S., Twala, M. N., Uvarov, A. V., Venier, L. A., Widenfalk, L. A., Winck, B. R., Winkler, D., Wu, D., Xie, Z., Yin, R., Zeppelini, D., Crowther, T. W., Eisenhauer, N., and Negri I. (ORCID:0000-0001-5188-1408)

Abstract

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning.

Published
2023

13. Characterisation of dairy soiled water in a survey of 60 Irish dairy farms

Author

Minogue D., French P., Bolger T., and Murphy P.N.C.

Subjects
Dairy soiled water, dairy effluent, soiled water, farm effluent, organic fertilizer, dairy parlour management, dilute slurry, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Dairy farming in Ireland generates an effluent known as dairy soiled water (DSW), which consists of a relatively dilute mixture of cow faeces, urine, spilt milk and detergents that is typically applied to grassland. However, relatively little is known about the volumes generated, nutrient content and management factors that influence volume and concentration. Sixty dairy farms that had a separate storage tank for storing DSW were selected for this study. The spatial distribution of the farms reflected the spatial distribution of dairy cows across the 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland, with each farm representing between 10,000 and 20,000 dairy cows. Samples were analysed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonium N (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), potassium (K), phosphorus (molybdate-reactive and total) (MRP and TP) and dry matter (DM) content. Management characteristics and parlour properties were quantified. Factors influencing volume and concentration of DSW were determined using mixed model multiple regression analysis. On average, 9784 l (standard error 209 l) of DSW, including rainfall, was produced cow−1 year−1 and this contained significant quantities of total N, P and K (587, 80 and 568 mg l−1, respectively). A typical Irish dairy farm stocked at 1.9 cows ha−1 could therefore supply approximately 13, 2 and 12 kg ha−1 of total N, P and K, respectively, across the farm, annually to meet some of the nutrient requirements for herbage production and potentially replace some of the synthetic fertilizer use. Seventy one percent of samples were within the regulated concentration limits of soiled water for BOD (

Published
2015
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20. Variation in treatment of acute childhood wheeze in emergency departments of the United Kingdom and Ireland: an international survey of clinician practice

Author

Lyttle, Mark D, OʼSullivan, Ronan, Doull, Iolo, Hartshorn, Stuart, Morris, Ian, Powell, Colin VE, Barling, J, Bayreuther, J, Bevan, C, Bolger, T, Burke, D, Choudhery, V, Criddle, J, Dalzell, E, Davies, F, Dieppe, C, Grice, J, Hadley, G, Hartshorn, S, Kidd, A, Maconochie, I, McNamara, R, Mitchelson, M, Mullen, N, Mulligan, J, OʼSullivan, R, Parikh, A, Potier, K, Potter, S, Roberts, Z, Robinson, G, Ross, J, Rowland, A, Smith, JE, Wong, S, and Younge, P

Published
2015
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22. Views of Our Readers

Author

Neal, Fisher, Cagle, Joe N., Shores,, James L., Steinhouse, Edward, Davis, Robert L., Schuller, Earl, Levin, Richard M., Byrne, Joseph C., Gillers, Stephen, Parker, Richard B., Shapiro, Arthur E., Perey, Ronald J., Pettengill, Samuel B., Kopp, Quentin L., Coleman,, R. B., Delaney, Robert J., Bernstein, Arthur H., Regan, John J., Phipps, Robert M., Swindle, Elvis, Scully, Thomas F., Windsor, Gladys E., Holder, Angela R., Rummel, Edgar F., Muni, Marie, Kindregan, Charles P., Browne, Allan R., Campbell, Edward D., Zuckerman, Roy C., Bolger, T. Michael, and Coombs, James R.

Published
1969

23. Pediatric Emergency Research in the UK and Ireland (PERUKI): developing a collaborative for multicentre research

Author

Lyttle, Mark D, OʼSullivan, Ronan, Hartshorn, Stuart, Bevan, Catherine, Cleugh, Francesca, Maconochie, Ian, Alcock, R, Barling, J, Bayreuther, J, Bevan, C, Blackburn, C, Bolger, T, Brown, A, Burke, D, Choudhery, V, Criddle, J, Davies, F, Dickson-Jardine, K, Dieppe, C, Gilby, E, Hartshorn, S, Leonard, P, Lenton, K, Lyttle, M, Maconochie, I, Maney, J, Marzouk, O, McNamara, R, Mitchelson, M, Mullen, N, Mulligan, J, OʼSullivan, R, Parikh, A, Potier, K, Powell, C, Reuben, A, Robinson, G, Ross, J, Rowland, A, Smith, J, Sutherland, E, Thiagarajan, J, Thomas, L, Vorwerk, C, Wong, S, and Younge, P

Published
2014
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25. Paediatric Head Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury

Author

Ryan, E., Bolger, T., Michael Barrett, Blackburn, C., Okafor, I., Mcnamara, R., and Molloy, E. J.

Subjects
Male, Age Factors, Infant, Neuroimaging, Conservative Treatment, Hospitalization, Child, Preschool, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Prevalence, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Female, Triage, Child
Abstract

Aim To determine prevalence of head injury presenting to paediatric emergency departments (PEDs) and characterise by demographics, triage category, disposition neuroimaging or re-attendance. Methods Presentations in 2014 and 2015, with diagnoses of head injury, intracranial bleed, skull fracture including single or re-attendances within 28 days post head injury to all national PEDs, were analysed. Demographics, triage score, imaging rate, admission, mechanisms and representation rate were recorded. Results Head injury was diagnosed in 13,392 of 224,860 (5.9%), median (IQR) age 3.9 (1.4 - 8.3) years. Regionally 3% of children5 years attend each year. The total admitted/transferred was 10.8% (n=1460). Neuroimaging rate was 4.3% (n= 570). Falls predominated. Sport accounted for 12.2%. Conclusion One in twenty children PED presentations are head injury, over half in preschool children. A sizeable number were symptomatic reflected by admission, transfer, imaging or re-attendance. Observational management was favoured over imaging reflected in the higher admission versus imaging rate.

Published
2020

28. Trends in Biodiversity in Europe and the Impact of Land-use Change

Author

Watt, A. D., primary, Bradshaw, R. H. W., additional, Young, J., additional, Alard, D., additional, Bolger, T., additional, Chamberlain, D., additional, Fernández-González, F., additional, Fuller, R., additional, Gurrea, P., additional, Henle, K., additional, Johnson, R., additional, Korsós, Z., additional, Lavelle, P., additional, Niemelä, J., additional, Nowicki, P., additional, Rebane, M., additional, Scheidegger, C., additional, Sousa, J. P., additional, Van Swaay, C., additional, and Vanbergen, A., additional

Published
2007
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29. Global karst springs hydrograph dataset for research and management of the world's fastest-flowing groundwater [Data paper]

Author

Olarinoye, T., Gleeson, T., Marx, V., Seeger, S., Adinehvand, R., Allocca, V., Andreo, B., Apaestegui, J., Apolit, C., Arfib, B., Auler, A., Barbera, J. A., Batiot-Guilhe, C., Bechtel, T., Binet, S., Bittner, D., Blatnik, M., Bolger, T., Brunet, P., Charlier, J. B., Chen, Z., Chiogna, G., Coxon, G., De Vita, P., Doummar, J., Epting, J., Fournier, M., Goldscheider, N., Gunn, J., Guo, F., Guyot, Jean-Loup, Howden, N., Huggenberger, P., Hunt, B., Jeannin, P. Y., Jiang, G. H., Jones, G., Jourde, H., Karmann, I., Koit, O., Kordilla, J., Labat, D., Ladouche, B., Liso, I. S., Liu, Z. H., Massei, N., Mazzilli, N., Mudarra, M., Parise, M., Pu, J. B., Ravbar, N., Sanchez, L. H., Santo, A., Sauter, M., Sivelle, V., Skoglund, R. O., Stevanovic, Z., Wood, C., Worthington, S., and Hartmann, A.

Abstract

Karst aquifers provide drinking water for 10% of the world's population, support agriculture, groundwater-dependent activities, and ecosystems. These aquifers are characterised by complex groundwater-flow systems, hence, they are extremely vulnerable and protecting them requires an in-depth understanding of the systems. Poor data accessibility has limited advances in karst research and realistic representation of karst processes in large-scale hydrological studies. In this study, we present World Karst Spring hydrograph (WoKaS) database, a community-wide effort to improve data accessibility. WoKaS is the first global karst springs discharge database with over 400 spring observations collected from articles, hydrological databases and researchers. The dataset's coverage compares to the global distribution of carbonate rocks with some bias towards the latitudes of more developed countries. WoKaS database will ensure easy access to a large-sample of good quality datasets suitable for a wide range of applications: comparative studies, trend analysis and model evaluation. This database will largely contribute to research advancement in karst hydrology, supports karst groundwater management, and promotes international and interdisciplinary collaborations.

Published
2020

32. Incidence of medically attended paediatric burns across the UK

Author

Davies, K, Johnson, EL, Hollen, L, Jones, HM, Lyttle, MD, Maguire, S, Kemp, AM, Alcock, R, Anderson, M, Baki, Y, Barrett, M, Bayreuther, J, Bevan, C, Bolger, T, Brown, A, Browning, J, Buchanan, M, Burke, D, Cantle, F, Clark, M, Criddle, J, Dickson-Jardine, K, Downes, A, Floyd, S, Foot, J, Foster, S, Furness, J, Gilby, E, Gough, C, Gupta, S, Hacking, J, Hartshorn, S, Iqbal, Y, Jacobs, M, Lenton, K, Maconochie, I, Maney, JA, McNamara, R, Messahel, S, Mulligan, J, Mullen, N, Owens, S, Patton, G, Potier, K, Rea, D, Reuben, A, Roberts, Z, Robinson, G, Roland, D, Sajjanhar, T, Scott, A, Smith, J, Vorwerk, C, Wong, S, Davies, K, Johnson, EL, Hollen, L, Jones, HM, Lyttle, MD, Maguire, S, Kemp, AM, Alcock, R, Anderson, M, Baki, Y, Barrett, M, Bayreuther, J, Bevan, C, Bolger, T, Brown, A, Browning, J, Buchanan, M, Burke, D, Cantle, F, Clark, M, Criddle, J, Dickson-Jardine, K, Downes, A, Floyd, S, Foot, J, Foster, S, Furness, J, Gilby, E, Gough, C, Gupta, S, Hacking, J, Hartshorn, S, Iqbal, Y, Jacobs, M, Lenton, K, Maconochie, I, Maney, JA, McNamara, R, Messahel, S, Mulligan, J, Mullen, N, Owens, S, Patton, G, Potier, K, Rea, D, Reuben, A, Roberts, Z, Robinson, G, Roland, D, Sajjanhar, T, Scott, A, Smith, J, Vorwerk, C, and Wong, S

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Childhood burns represent a burden on health services, yet the full extent of the problem is difficult to quantify. We estimated the annual UK incidence from primary care (PC), emergency attendances (EA), hospital admissions (HA) and deaths. METHODS: The population was children (0-15 years), across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (NI), with medically attended burns 2013-2015. Routinely collected data sources included PC attendances from Clinical Practice Research Datalink 2013-2015), EAs from Paediatric Emergency Research in the United Kingdom and Ireland (PERUKI, 2014) and National Health Services Wales Informatics Services, HAs from Hospital Episode Statistics, National Services Scotland and Social Services and Public Safety (2014), and mortality from the Office for National Statistics, National Records of Scotland and NI Statistics and Research Agency 2013-2015. The population denominators were based on Office for National Statistics mid-year population estimates. RESULTS: The annual PC burns attendance was 16.1/10 000 persons at risk (95% CI 15.6 to 16.6); EAs were 35.1/10 000 persons at risk (95% CI 34.7 to 35.5) in England and 28.9 (95% CI 27.5 to 30.3) in Wales. HAs ranged from 6.0/10 000 person at risk (95% CI 5.9 to 6.2) in England to 3.1 in Wales and Scotland (95% CI 2.7 to 3.8 and 2.7 to 3.5, respectively) and 2.8 (95% CI 2.4 to 3.4) in NI. In England, Wales and Scotland, 75% of HAs were aged <5 years. Mortality was low with 0.1/1 000 000 persons at risk (95% CI 0.06 to 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: With an estimated 19 574 PC attendances, 37 703 EAs (England and Wales only), 6639 HAs and 1-6 childhood deaths annually, there is an urgent need to improve UK childhood burns prevention.

Published
2020

37. Selected abstracts

Author

Corkery, P. P., Leek, B. F., Caulfield, B., Garrett, M., Gormley, J. P., OʼDonnell, P. M., Kennedy, N., Sayers, K., Stokes, E., Bresnihan, B., Fitzgerald, O., McGarvey, M. A., Tonra, M., Hooper, A. C. B., Barry, J., Maurer, B., Hussey, J., Gormley, J., Noble, J. G., Alves-Guerreiro, J., Lowe, A. S., Walsh, D. M., NicNiocaill, B., Harte, M., OʼConnor, W. T., OʼHara, A. M., Orren, A., Moran, A. P., Hardiman, D. A., Lee, T. C., Croke, D. T., Tolan, R., McBennett, S., Warmington, S., McGuire, M., Bradford, A., OʼHare, T., MacDermott, M., Lynch, F., OʼRegan, R. G., McLoughlin, P., Quinn, T., Ryan, J. P., Pickering, M., Campion, D. P., Jones, J. F. X., Ryan, S., McNicholas, W. T., Nolan, P., Doyle, F. J., Rackard, S. M., Beddy, P., Campbell, V. A., Bakhle, Y. S., Bell, C., Usher, C., Chan, L., Keenan, A. K., McQuaid, K. E., Cullen, V. C., Smith, E. M., Kelly, A., Lynch, M. A., Freir, D. B., Holscher, C., Herron, C. E., Pearson, H. A., Curran, B. P., OʼConnor, J. J., Quinn, A., McHale, J., Moriarty, D., OʼConnor, J., Glennon, J. C., Van Vliet, B. J., Long, S. K., Kruse, C., Gallagher, H. C., Bacon, C. L., Boland, B., Griffin, A. M., Preisler, J., OʼBrien, L., Regan, C. M., Hurley, S., Kearney, P. J., Slevin, J., Barry-Kinsella, C., Ryan, C. A., Kllleen, O., Glllan, J., Clarke, T., Matthews, T., Corcoran, D., Dunn, E., Geary, M., OʼHerlihy, C., Keane, D., OʼLeary, M. J., Morrison, J. J., Ryan, E., Gorman, W. A., Bourke, A., Larkin, J., Mayes, C., Jenkins, J., Ryan, M., Lalchandani, S., Sheil, O., Lynch, N., Costigan, C., Murphy, J. F., Bhatia, R., Foran, A., Donohue, V., McParland, P., LaSjaunais, P., Rodesch, G., McGinn, M., McAloon, J., OʼLeary, M., Astbury, K., Harmon, D., Sharkey, A., Gaffney, G., OʼRegan, G., McMahon, C., Murray, D., McDermott, C., Woolhead, E., Gillan, J., Cartmill, J. L., Harper, M. A., Al-Shabibi, N., Hanahoe, M., Wingfield, M., Larkin, J. A. M., Bell, A. H., McClure, B. G., Sweeney, L., Martin, D. H., OʼDonoghue, P., Davoren, A., Lucas, G. F., McKiernan, J., Gallagher, D. M. T., Dunne, K. P., Fulena, O., Sheridan, M., Griffin, E., White, M., Deasy, P., OʼRiordan, M., OʼGorman, C., Mongan, C., McCafferkey, M., Henry, G., McKenna, P., OʼMalley, A., Devaney, D., Kelleghan, P., Mooney, E. E., Gillan, J. E., Fitzpatrick, M., McQuillan, K., Heffron, C., Hodnett, P., Curtain, A., OʼConnor, T. C. F., Connell, T. G., Waldron, D., Gorman, W., Bolger, T., OʼKeefe, M., Murphy, J., Dolan, L. M., Traub, A. I., Slattery, M. M., Curley, A. E., Halliday, H. L., Tubman, T. R. J., Kileen, O., Riadha, H., Russell, J., Philips, R., Regan, C., Ali, I., Coughlan, A. C. J., Turner, M. J., Smith, A., OʼFlanagan, D., Igoe, D., Ryan, F., Forde, D., McArdle, E., Ko, D., Bedford, D., Hegarty, M., Dunlevy, B., Corcoran, R., Holohan, T., Feeney, A., McGee, H., Shannon, W., Condon, M., Hyland, C., Sayers, G., Feely, E., Crowley, D., OʼReilly, D., OʼConnell, T., Cronin, M., Johnson, H., Fitzgeraldi, M., Cafferkey, M., Breslin, A., Bonner, C. J., Foley, B., Fitzgerald, M., Wall, P. G., McNamara, E., Costigan, P., Prendergast, T., Foye, K., Cosgrove, C., Keane, A., Murphy, E., OʼDonnell, J., Quinlan, A., Thornton, L., Roch, E. A., Lyons, R. A., Maddocks, A., Barnes, P., Price, L., McCabe, M., Nash, P., Midha, A., Doyle, Y., Kilgallen, A., Wright, P., Ryan, T., De La Harpe, D., Harkins, V., Brennan, C., OʼConnell, V., Evans, D. S., Mhuircheartaigh, Ni J., OʼDonnell, J. M., Rhatigan, A., Shelley, E., Collins, C., Byrne, M., Murphy, A. W., Plunkett, P. K., Murray, A., Bury, G., Lynam, F., McMahon, G., Greally, T., Kane, D., Veale, D., Reece, R., Busteed, S., Bennett, M. W., Stone, M., Molloy, C., OʼConnell, J., Molloy, M. G., Shanahan, F., Guerin, J., Casey, E., Feighery, C., Lin, F., Jackson, J., Pendleton, A., Wright, G. D., Hughes, A. E., OʼGradaigh, D., Debham, I., Compston, J., McEvoy, A., Murphy, E. P., Salonen, D., Payne, P., Lax, M., Lapp, V., Inman, R., OʼRourke, K., Brennan, D., Harty, J., McCarthy, C., OʼByrne, J., Eustace, S., Chirayath, H., Liggett, N. W., Morgan, M. P., Fitzgerald, D. J., McCarthy, C. J., McCarthy, G. M., Lee, R. Z., Wai, K., Nevin, D., Leary, A. O., Lee, R., Casey, E. B., OʼLeary, A., Breen, D., Tuite, D., McInerney, D., Sim, R., Frederic, A. L., Smith, O., White, B., Murphy, M., Silke, C., OʼKeeffe, E., Fanning, N., Spence, L., Parfrey, N. A., McConnell, J. R., Crockard, A. D., Cairns, A. P., Bell, A. L., Kavanagh, O., Moyes, D. A., Finch, M., Rooney, M., Bell, A., Founas, I., El-Magbri, A., Mooney, S., Kennedy, M., Coughlan, R. J., Ramakrishnan, S. A., Gsel, A., Finnerty, O., Burns, M., Yateman, M., Camaco-Hubner, C., Matthews, C. F., Taggart, A., Fuller, K., Murphy, M. S., Phelan, M., Murphy, T. B., Wynne, F., Quane, K., Daly, M., OʼLeary, J., da Silva, I., Bermingham, N., Gogarty, M., Gallagher, L. P., OʼHara, R., Godson, C., Brady, H., Osman, H., El-Rafie, A., Foley-Nolan, D., Kirwan, P., Corcoran, O., Duffy, T., Drummond, F., Madigan, A., Williams, D., Gallagher, P., Hatton, C., Cunningham, S., FitzGerald, O., Minnock, P., Wylie, E., Egan, D., Mc Cormack, J., Shea, M. O., Evans, D., OʼLorcain, P., Comber, H., Evans, A., Jones, J., Garavan, C., Kelleher, K., Boland, M. C., Healy, R., OʼSullivan, M. B., Burke, M., Mc Donald, P., Smithson, R., Glass, J., Mason, C. A., Mullins, N., Nolan, D., McCormick, P., Coughlan, S., Dooley, S., Kelleher, C. C., Hope, A., Murphy, F., Barry, M., Sixsmith, J., MacFarlane, A., MacLeod, C., McElroy, G., OʼLoan, D., Kennedy, F., Kerr, R. M., Lim, J., Allwright, S. P. A., Bradley, F. L., Barry, J. M. G., Long, J., Parry, J. V., Creagh, D., Perry, I. J., Collins, A., Neilson, S., Colwell, N., OʼHalloran, D., OʼNeill, S., McErlain, S., Okasha, M., Gaffney, B., McCarron, P., Hinchion, R., Drew, C., Gavin, A., Fitzpatrick, D., Campbell, R., Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A., Friel, S., Kelleher, C., Kee, F., Atterson, C. C., Wilson, E. A., McConnell, J. M., Wheeler, S. M., Watson, J. D., Rahman, Norashikin N., Sheehan, J., Wall, C., Kelleher, B., OʼBroin, S. D., Mullan, R. N., McKeveney, P. J., Hodges, V. M., Winter, P. C., Maxwell, P., Simpson, D. A., Lappin, T. R. J., Maxwell, A. P., Eustace, J. A., Coresh, J., Kutchey, C., Te, P. L., Gimenez, L. F., Scheel, P. J., Walser, M., McMahon, R. A., Clarkson, M., Martin, F., Brady, H. R., Blake, C., OʼMeara, Y. M., Gupta, S., MacKenzie, H., Doyle, S., Fotheringham, T., Haslam, P., Logan, M. P., Conlon, P., Lee, M., Maderna, P., Cottell, D. C., Mitchell, S., Gulmann, C., Østerby, R., Bangstad, H. J., Rljdberg, S., Dempsey, M., Nathwani, S., Ryan, M. P., McMahon, B., Stenson, C., Murtagh, H., Brown, J. H., Doran, P., McGinty, A., Little, M. A., OʼBrien, E., Owens, P., Holian, J., Mee, F., Walshe, J. J., Omer, S. A., Power, D., Diamond, P., Watson, R. W., Shahsafei, A., Jiang, T., Brenner, B. M., Mackenzie, H. S., Neary, J., Dorman, A., Keoghan, M., Campbell, E., Walshe, J., Little, M., Nee, L., OʼCeallaigh, C., McGlynn, H., Bergin, E., Keane, T., Gormley, G., Watson, A., Atta, M. G., Perl, T. M., Song, X., Healy, E., Leonard, M., Lynch, J., Watson, A. J., Lappin, D., Lappin, D. W. P., Hannan, K., Burne, M., Daniels, F., Rabb, H., McBride, B., Kieran, N., Shortt, C., Codd, M., Murray, F., McCormack, A., Brown, C., Wong, C., Dorman, A. M., Keogan, M., Donohue, J., Farrell, J., Donohoe, J., OʼBroin, S., Balfe, A., Mellotte, G. J., Abraham, K. A., McGorrian, C., Wood, A. E., Neligan, M., Kelly, B. D., Finnegan, P., Cormican, M., Callaghan, J., Crean, J. K. G., Moffitt, T. A., Devlin, H. L., Garrett, P. J., Soosay, A., OʼNeill, D., Counihan, A., Hickey, D., Keogan, M. T., Harvey, K., OʼRiordan, E., Waldek, S., Kalra, P. A., OʼDonoghue, D. J., Foley, R. N., Kelliher, D., Mellotte, G., Giblin, L., Keogh, J. A. B., OʼConnell, M., OʼMeara, A., Breatnach, F., Gillick, J., Tazawa, H., Puri, P., Molloy, E., OʼNeill, A. J., Sheridan-Pereira, M., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Webb, D. W., Watson, R. W. G., Linnane, B., OʼDonnell, C., Clarke, T. A., Martin, C., McKay, M., McBrien, J., Glynn, F., OʼDonovan, C., Hall, W. W., Smith, J., Khair, K., Liesner, R., Hann, I. M., Smith, O. P., Gallagher, S., Mahony, M. J., Hilal, A., Cosgrove, J. F., Monaghan, C., Craig, B., Walsh, K., Duff, D., Slizlok, P. O., Halahakoon, C., McMillan, S., Dalzell, E. E., McCaughan, J., Redmond, A. O. B., DeCaluwe, D., Yoneda, A., Akl, U., Dempsey, E., Farrell, M., Webb, D., Elabbas, A., Fox, G., Gormally, S., Grant, B., Corkey, C. W. B., Nicholson, A., Murphy, A., OʼGrady, P., Barry, O., Stewart, M. C., Alderdice, F., Matthews, T. G., McDonnell, M., McGarvey, C., OʼRegan, M., Chróinín, Ní M., Tormey, P., Ennis, S., Green, A. J., Abbas, S., OʼMarcaigh, A., Conran, M., Crushell, E., Saidi, A., Curran, P., Donoghue, V., King, M. D., Elnazir, B., Leonard, J., Kavanagh, C., Brown, D., Corrigan, N., McCord, B., Quinn, M., OʼConnell, L., Mcdonagh, B., Awan, A., Gill, D., Kakkar, R., Warner, J. A., OʼConnor, C., Herzig, M., Twomey, A., White, M. J., Sweeney, B., Surana, R., Hodgson, A., Rafferty, M., Livingstone, W., Peake, D., Wassemer, E., Whitehouse, W., Abdullah, N., Al-Hassan, A., Oslizlok, P., OʼConnell, N., Balding, J., Livingstone, W. J., Healy, M., Mynett-Johnson, L., McAllister, I., Dick, A. C., Herron, B., Boston, V. E., Callaghan, C. O., Brien, D. O., Walsh, A., Philip, M., McShane, D., Hoey, M. C. V., Sharif, F., McDermott, M., Dillon, M., Drumm, B., Rowland, M., Imrie, C., Kelleher, S., Bourke, B., Iqbal, M., Ziedan, Y., OʼNeill, M., OʼRiordan, S., Basheer, S. M. B., OʼCallaghan, S., Chong, A., Kelly, M., Nicholson, A. J., Cooke, R., Sreenan, C., Fallon, M., Denham, B., Dowding, V., Cussen, G., McManus, V., Hensey, O., Monaghan, H., Basheer, S. N., Quinn, E., Hoey, H. M. C. V., Mohamed, S., Ramesh, R. R., Mayne, P., Tracy, E., Gormally, S. M., Curtis, E., McCallion, N., Watson, R., OʼMahony, O., Keegan, M., Ward, K., Barton, D., Poulton, J., Treacy, E., Honour, J., deCaluwe, D., Chróinín, Ni M., Cosgrove, J., Chaudhry, T. S., Long, N. M., Lynch, B., Lasjaunais, P., McDonald, D. G. M., McMenamin, J. B., Farrell, M. J., Roche, E. F., Menon, A., Buckley, C., Mackey, A., Ohlandieck, K., Das, A., Reilly, D., Killeen, O., Harper, J., Roche, E., Hoey, H., Caird, J., OʼBrien, D., Allcutt, D., Farrington, N., Murphy, J. F. A., Savage, J. M., Sands, A. J., Casey, F. A., Craig, B. G., Dornan, J. C., Johnston, J., Patterson, C., Lynch, C., Mulholland, H. C., Watkins, D. C., Young, I., Cran, G., Boreham, C. A. G., McCallion, W. A., Clements, N. F., Stevenson, M. R., Macpherson, C., Jenkins, L., Thompson, A. J., Shields, M. D., Taylor, R. T., Kerr, R., Hughes, J. L., Stewart, M., Jackson, P., Fitzpatrick, C., Rasheed, M., Colhoun, E., Bailie, A. G., Gray, S., Brown, S., Curley, A., Sweet, D. G., MacMahon, K. J., OʼConnor, C. M., Nichelson, A., Lynch, N. E., Finch, D., Foley, M., Scallan, E., Dillon, B., Lyons, S., OʼLoughlin, R., Ward, M., Nally, R., Harkin, A., Kelly, J. P., Leonard, B. E., Magee, P., Connor, T. J., Shen, Y., McCullough, G. R., McDonough, S. M., Niocaill, Nic B., Cramp, A. F. L., Hynes, M., Corkery, P., Carey, M., McGarrigle, D., Higgins, S., Murray, H., Moran, C. J., Dennedy, M. C., Brosnan, J., Morris, L., Sheppard, B. L., Black, A., Wilkins, B., Folan-Curran, J., Skelton, K., Owens, M., Nemeroff, C., Houlihan, D., OʼKeeffe, C., Nolan, N., McCormick, P. A., Baird, A. W., Raducan, I., Corcoran, P., Brennan, R., Molloy, P., Friel, A., Maher, M., Glennon, M., Smith, T., Nolan, A., Houghton, J. A., Carroll, O., Colleran, S., OʼCuinn, G., Snow, H. M., OʼRegan, D., Markos, H. F., Pollock, K., Cannon, D. M., McBean, G., OʼRiordan, A., Quinlan, L. R., Kane, M. T., Higglns, B. D., Moriarty, D. M., Fitzgerald, D., Katkada, A., Canny, G., MacMathuna, P., OʼDonoghue, D., OʼDonovan, M. M., Schuur, A. G., Murphy, K. J., Foley, A. G., ten Bruggencate, S. J. M., and Ireland, L.

Published
2000
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39. Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author

Phillips, H. R. P., Guerra, C. A., Bartz, M. L. Z., Briones, M. J. I., Brown, G., Crowther, T. W., Ferlian, O., Gongalsky, K. B., van den Hoogen, J., Krebs, J., Orgiazzi, A., Routh, D., Schwarz, B., Bach, E. M., Bennett, J., Brose, U., Decaëns, Thibaud, König-Ries, B., Loreau, M., Mathieu, J., Mulder, C., van der Putten, W. H., Ramirez, K. S., Rillig, M. C., Russell, D., Rutgers, M., Thakur, M. P., de Vries, F. T., Wall, D. H., Wardle, D. A., Arai, M., Ayuke, F. O., Baker, G. H., Beauséjour, R., Bedano, J. C., Birkhofer, K., Blanchart, E., Blossey, B., Bolger, T., Bradley, R. L., Callaham, M. A., Capowiez, Y., Caulfield, M. E., Choi, A., Crotty, F. V., Dávalos, A., Cosin, D. J. D., Dominguez, A., Duhour, A. E., Van Eekeren, N., Emmerling, C., Falco, L. B., Fernández, R., Fonte, S. J., Fragoso, C., Franco, A. L. C., Fugère, M., Fusilero, A. T., Gholami, S., Gundale, M. J., López, M. G., Hackenberger, D. K., Hernández, L. M., Hishi, T., Holdsworth, A. R., Holmstrup, M., Hopfensperger, K. N., Lwanga, E. H., Huhta, V., Hurisso, T. T., Iannone, B. V., Iordache, M., Joschko, M., Kaneko, N., Kanianska, R., Keith, A. M., Kelly, C. A., Kernecker, M. L., Klaminder, J., Koné, A. W., Kooch, Y., Kukkonen, S. T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, D. R., Lebedev, I. M., Li, Y., Lidon, J. B. J., Lincoln, N. K., Loss, S. R., Marichal, R., Matula, R., Moos, J. H., Moreno, G., Morón-Ríos, A., Muys, B., Neirynck, J., Norgrove, L., Novo, M., Nuutinen, V., Nuzzo, V., Rahman, P. M., Pansu, J., Paudel, S., Pérès, G., Pérez-Camacho, L., Piñeiro, R., Ponge, J. F., Rashid, M. I., Rebollo, S., Rodeiro-Iglesias, J., Rodríguez, M. Á., Roth, A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Rozen, A., Sayad, E., van Schaik, L., Scharenbroch, B. C., Schirrmann, M., Schmidt, O., Schröder, B., Seeber, J., Shashkov, M. P., Singh, J., Smith, S. M., Steinwandter, M., Talavera, J. A., Trigo, D., Tsukamoto, J., de Valença, A. W., Vanek, S. J., Virto, I., Wackett, A. A., Warren, M. W., Wehr, N. H., Whalen, J. K., Wironen, M. B., Wolters, V., Zenkova, I. V., Zhang, W., Cameron, E. K., Eisenhauer, N., Phillips, H. R. P., Guerra, C. A., Bartz, M. L. Z., Briones, M. J. I., Brown, G., Crowther, T. W., Ferlian, O., Gongalsky, K. B., van den Hoogen, J., Krebs, J., Orgiazzi, A., Routh, D., Schwarz, B., Bach, E. M., Bennett, J., Brose, U., Decaëns, Thibaud, König-Ries, B., Loreau, M., Mathieu, J., Mulder, C., van der Putten, W. H., Ramirez, K. S., Rillig, M. C., Russell, D., Rutgers, M., Thakur, M. P., de Vries, F. T., Wall, D. H., Wardle, D. A., Arai, M., Ayuke, F. O., Baker, G. H., Beauséjour, R., Bedano, J. C., Birkhofer, K., Blanchart, E., Blossey, B., Bolger, T., Bradley, R. L., Callaham, M. A., Capowiez, Y., Caulfield, M. E., Choi, A., Crotty, F. V., Dávalos, A., Cosin, D. J. D., Dominguez, A., Duhour, A. E., Van Eekeren, N., Emmerling, C., Falco, L. B., Fernández, R., Fonte, S. J., Fragoso, C., Franco, A. L. C., Fugère, M., Fusilero, A. T., Gholami, S., Gundale, M. J., López, M. G., Hackenberger, D. K., Hernández, L. M., Hishi, T., Holdsworth, A. R., Holmstrup, M., Hopfensperger, K. N., Lwanga, E. H., Huhta, V., Hurisso, T. T., Iannone, B. V., Iordache, M., Joschko, M., Kaneko, N., Kanianska, R., Keith, A. M., Kelly, C. A., Kernecker, M. L., Klaminder, J., Koné, A. W., Kooch, Y., Kukkonen, S. T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, D. R., Lebedev, I. M., Li, Y., Lidon, J. B. J., Lincoln, N. K., Loss, S. R., Marichal, R., Matula, R., Moos, J. H., Moreno, G., Morón-Ríos, A., Muys, B., Neirynck, J., Norgrove, L., Novo, M., Nuutinen, V., Nuzzo, V., Rahman, P. M., Pansu, J., Paudel, S., Pérès, G., Pérez-Camacho, L., Piñeiro, R., Ponge, J. F., Rashid, M. I., Rebollo, S., Rodeiro-Iglesias, J., Rodríguez, M. Á., Roth, A. M., Rousseau, G. X., Rozen, A., Sayad, E., van Schaik, L., Scharenbroch, B. C., Schirrmann, M., Schmidt, O., Schröder, B., Seeber, J., Shashkov, M. P., Singh, J., Smith, S. M., Steinwandter, M., Talavera, J. A., Trigo, D., Tsukamoto, J., de Valença, A. W., Vanek, S. J., Virto, I., Wackett, A. A., Warren, M. W., Wehr, N. H., Whalen, J. K., Wironen, M. B., Wolters, V., Zenkova, I. V., Zhang, W., Cameron, E. K., and Eisenhauer, N.

Abstract

Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide., Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Unión Europea. FP7, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICCIN), sDiv [Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Academy of Finland, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, DOB Ecology, TULIP Laboratory of Excellence, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Tarbiat Modares University, Aurora Organic Dairy, UGC (NERO), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Science for Global Development through Wageningen University, Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland), University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet, Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense, Maranhão State Research Foundation (FAPEMA), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency, Austrian Science Fund, Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main, Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, SÉPAQ, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Science Foundation Ireland, University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry), Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve, NKU College of Arts and Sciences, Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck, Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT, GRDC, AWI, LWRRDC, DRDC, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion (FONCyT), Universidad Nacional de Luján/FONCyT, Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, CONACYT, NSF, Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Dean’s Scholar Program at UIC, Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund, J. E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at DePaul University, Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT), Yokohama National University, MEXT KAKENHI, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI, ADEME, Syngenta Philippines, UPSTREAM, LTSER, Comisión Europea, National Science and Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China, McKnight Foundation, Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences, Brazilian National Council of Research CNPq, French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2019

44. Rangeland-plant response to elevated CO sub 2

Author

Kirkham, M, primary, Kanemasu, E, additional, Harbers, G, additional, Reed, D, additional, He, Hong, additional, Theisen, R, additional, Bolger, T, additional, Goodrum, D, additional, Ballou, L, additional, Lawlor, D, additional, Nie, D, additional, and Lu, Wei, additional

Published
1990
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45. Selecting cost effective and policy-relevant biological indicators for European monitoring of soil biodiversity and ecosystem function

Author

Griffiths, B. S., Roembke, J., Schmelz, R. M., Scheffczyk, A., Faber, J. H., Bloem, J., Peres, G., Cluzeau, D., Chabbi, A., Suhadolc, M., Sousa, J. P., Martins da Silva, P., Carvalho, F., Mendes, S., Morais, P., Francisco, R., Pereira, C., Bonkowski, M., Geisen, S., Bardgett, R. D., de Vries, F. T., Bolger, T., Dirilgen, T., Schmidt, O., Winding, A., Hendriksen, N. B., Johansen, A., Philippot, L., Plassart, P., Bru, D., Thomson, B., Griffiths, R. I., Bailey, M. J., Keith, A., Rutgers, M., Mulder, C., Hannula, S. E., Creamer, R., Stone, D., Griffiths, B. S., Roembke, J., Schmelz, R. M., Scheffczyk, A., Faber, J. H., Bloem, J., Peres, G., Cluzeau, D., Chabbi, A., Suhadolc, M., Sousa, J. P., Martins da Silva, P., Carvalho, F., Mendes, S., Morais, P., Francisco, R., Pereira, C., Bonkowski, M., Geisen, S., Bardgett, R. D., de Vries, F. T., Bolger, T., Dirilgen, T., Schmidt, O., Winding, A., Hendriksen, N. B., Johansen, A., Philippot, L., Plassart, P., Bru, D., Thomson, B., Griffiths, R. I., Bailey, M. J., Keith, A., Rutgers, M., Mulder, C., Hannula, S. E., Creamer, R., and Stone, D.

Abstract

Soils provide many ecosystem services that are ultimately dependent on the local diversity and below ground abundance of organisms. Soil biodiversity is affected negatively by many threats and there is a perceived policy requirement for the effective biological monitoring of soils at the European level. The aim of this study was to evaluate and recommend policy relevant, cost-effective soil biological indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem function across Europe. A total of 18 potential indicators were selected using a logical-sieve based approach. This paper considers the use of indicators from the 'top down' (i.e. concerned with the process of indicator selection), rather than from the 'bottom up' detail of how individual indicators perform at specific sites and with specific treatments. The indicators assessed a range of microbial, faunal and functional attributes, newer nucleic acids based techniques, morphological approaches and process based measurements. They were tested at 6 European experimental sites already in operation and chosen according to land-use, climatic zone and differences in land management intensity. These were 4 arable sites, one each in Atlantic, Continental, Mediterranean and Pannonian climate zones, and 2 grassland sites, one each in Atlantic and Continental zones. At each site we sampled three replicated plots of contrasting management intensity and, while the treatments varied from site to site, their disturbance effects were quantified in terms of land use intensity. The field sampling and laboratory analysis were standardised through a combination of ISO protocols, or standard operating procedures if the former were not available. Sites were sampled twice, in autumn 2012 and spring or autumn 2013, with relative costs of the different indicators being determined each time. A breakdown of the cost effectiveness of the indicators showed the expected trade-off between effort required in the field and effort required in the laboratory. A

Published
2016

46. Organic matter composition and the protist and nematode communities around anecic earthworm burrows

Author

Andriuzzi, W.S., Phuong, N.T., Geisen, S., Keith, A.M., Dumack, K., Bolger, T., Bonkowski, M., Brussaard, L., Faber, J.H., Chabbi, A., Rumpel, C., Schmidt, O., Andriuzzi, W.S., Phuong, N.T., Geisen, S., Keith, A.M., Dumack, K., Bolger, T., Bonkowski, M., Brussaard, L., Faber, J.H., Chabbi, A., Rumpel, C., and Schmidt, O.

Abstract

By living in permanent burrows and incorporating organic detritus from the soil surface, anecic earthworms contribute to soil heterogeneity, but their impact is still under-studied in natural field conditions. We investigated the effects of the anecic earthworm Lumbricus centralis on fresh carbon (C) incorporation, soil organic matter composition, protists, and nematodes of a Cambisol under grassland. We used plant material labelled with stable isotope tracers to detect fresh C input around earthworm-occupied burrows or around burrows from which the earthworm had been removed. After 50 days, we sampled soil (0–10 cm depth) in concentric layers around the burrows, distinguishing between drilosphere (0–8 mm) and bulk soil (50–75 mm). L. centralis effectively incorporated fresh C into the drilosphere, and this shifted soil organic matter amount and chemistry: total soil sugar content was increased compared to unoccupied drilosphere and bulk soil, and the contribution of plant-derived sugars to soil organic matter was enhanced. Earthworms also shifted the spatial distribution of soil C towards the drilosphere. The total abundance of protists and nematodes was only slightly higher in earthworm-occupied drilosphere, but strong positive effects were found for some protist clades (e.g. Stenamoeba spp.). Additional data for the co-occurring anecic earthworm species Aporrectodea longa showed that it incorporated fresh C less than L. centralis, suggesting that the two species may have different effects on soil C distribution and organic matter quality.

Published
2016

47. Plant roots drive ecosystem response to drought

Author

De Vries F. T., Bailey M., Bolger T., Bonkowski M., Bracht-Jørgensen H., Craig H., Geisen T. S., Girlanda M, Griffiths R., Hallin S., Hedlund K., Kaisermann A., Keith A., Kretschmer M., Lumini E., Mason K., Ostle N., ProsserJ., Sousa P., Thion C., Thomson B., and Bardgett R.D.

Published
2014

48. Ecological functions of earthworms in soil

Author

Brussaard, Lijbert, Bolger, T., Schmidt, O., Andriuzzi, W.S., Brussaard, Lijbert, Bolger, T., Schmidt, O., and Andriuzzi, W.S.

Abstract

Ecological functions of earthworms in soil Walter S. Andriuzzi Abstract Earthworms are known to play an important role in soil structure and fertility, but there are still big knowledge gaps on the functional ecology of distinct earthworm species, on their own and in interaction with other species. This thesis investigated how earthworms affect soil biochemical and biophysical functioning, and other organisms such as plants and smaller soil organisms. Two field experiments with stable isotope tracers were performed to investigate how anecic earthworms (which feed on organic matter at the soil surface and dig deep burrows) transfer carbon and nitrogen from fresh plant litter into soil, and how this in turn affects soil organic matter composition, protists and nematodes. Another field experiment tested whether the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris can counteract negative effects of intense rainfall on soil and plants (ryegrass). A greenhouse experiment was carried out to study how co-occurring earthworm species – two anecic and one endogeic (smaller, soil-feeding) – affect transfer of nitrogen from dung to soil and plants, nitrogen retention in soil, and plant growth. For the latter experiment, a method to produce herbivore (rabbit) dung triple-labelled with carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotopes was developed. Overall, the findings highlight important functions of earthworms in carbon and nitrogen cycling, soil biophysical structure maintenance due to burrow formation, and resulting biotic interactions. A novel finding was that the sphere of influence of anecic earthworms in soil (the ‘drilosphere’) is a much larger biochemical and biological hotspot than hitherto assumed. Rapid movement of carbon and nitrogen from surface to soil thanks to anecic earthworm activity resulted in spatial heterogeneity in soil carbon content, organic matter composition, and density of smaller eukaryotes (e.g. bacterial-feeding protists). Evidence was found that distinct earthw

Published
2015

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