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4. Sequential adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in endometrial cancer – Results from two randomised studies

Author

Hogberg, Thomas, Signorelli, Mauro, de Oliveira, Carlos Freire, Fossati, Roldano, Lissoni, Andrea Alberto, Sorbe, Bengt, Andersson, Håkan, Grenman, Seija, Lundgren, Caroline, Rosenberg, Per, Boman, Karin, Tholander, Bengt, Scambia, Giovanni, Reed, Nicholas, Cormio, Gennaro, Tognon, Germana, Clarke, Jackie, Sawicki, Tomasz, Zola, Paolo, and Kristensen, Gunnar

Published
2010
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5. Deltidsarbetande heltidsstudenter : En intervjustudie om relationen mellan deltidsarbete och tilltro till sin egen förmåga att få anställning efter examen

Author

Bohlin, Josefin and Boman, Karin

Subjects
personalvetarstudenter, Pedagogy, Tilltro till sin egen förmåga, Pedagogik, Self-efficacy, part-time work, human resource students, deltidsarbete
Abstract

Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att undersöka deltidsarbetande personalvetarstudenters upplevda tilltro till sin egen förmåga. I synnerhet, avser vi bringa kunskap om hur att arbeta parallellt med heltidsstudier bidrar till studenternas tilltro till sin egen förmåga att få anställning efter examen. Materialet som använts i studien samlades in genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer, där personalvetarstudenter som går sista året på programmet på Uppsala universitet intervjuades. Det teoretiska perspektiv som använts är Albert Banduras teori om tilltro till sin egen förmåga, eller engelskans Self efficacy. Begreppet används för att beskriva studenternas tilltro till sin egen förmåga att få anställning efter examen. Materialet undersöktes med hjälp av en tematisk analys där teman och underteman i respondenternas svar analyserades fram. Resultatet visar att respondenterna upplever att de erhållit viktiga kompetenser från deltidsarbetet vilket har ökat deras tilltro till sin egen förmåga att få anställning efter examen. Resultatet visar även att andra aspekter av deltidsarbetet har ökat tilltron, såsom att ha deltidsarbetet ”på pappret”, att ha nått framgångar i sitt arbete och kommit över motgångar samt erfarenheter av att söka jobb. Studenternas tilltro till sin egen förmåga att få anställning efter examen har även ökat till följd av en mer realistisk bild arbetsgivarens förväntningar, erfarenheter av diverse intervjusituationer och möjligheten att observera och interagera med andra programstudenter samt kollegor och chefer. Slutsatsen är att deltidsarbetet har en positiv inverkan på studenternas upplevda tilltro till sin egen förmåga att få anställning efter examen. This qualitative paper aims to examine part-time working human resource student’s self-efficacy. In particular, this study aims to bring knowledge about how working part-time while studying full-time affects human resource student's self-efficacy toward getting full-time employment post graduation. The data used in this study was collected through semi-structured interviews, where eight human resource students in their last year of studies at Uppsala university were interviewed. The theory used in this paper is Albert Bandura's theory about self-efficacy. The concept of self-efficacy is here used as self-efficacy towards getting a full-time employment post graduation. The data was processed through a thematic analysis where themes and sub-themes were identified and analyzed. The results show that the participants believe that they have retained important skills from their part-time job which has increased their self-efficacy toward getting full-time employment post graduation. The results also show that other aspects of part-time work have increased their self-efficacy, such as having a part-time work on their resumé, having achieved success in their work and overcoming obstacles and experiences of job-searching. Students' self-efficacy towards getting a job after graduation has also increased as a result of a more realistic view of the employer's expectations, experiences of various interview situations and the opportunity to observe and interact with other human resource students as well as colleagues and managers. The conclusion is that part-time work has a positive impact on students’ perceived self-efficacy toward getting employment post graduation.

Published
2021

6. Combination of aneuploidy and high S-phase fraction indicates increased risk of relapse in stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Author

Patthey, Annika, Boman, Karin, Tavelin, Björn, Lindquist, David, Lundin, Eva, Hultdin, Magnus, Patthey, Annika, Boman, Karin, Tavelin, Björn, Lindquist, David, Lundin, Eva, and Hultdin, Magnus

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma is a cancer type with generally excellent prognosis when diagnosed at an early stage, but there is a subset of patients with relapsing disease in spite of early diagnosis and surgical treatment. There is a need to find prognostic markers to identify these patients with increased risk of relapse. Depth of myometrial invasion, histological grade, and presence of lymphovascular invasion are known risk factors. DNA content (ploidy) and proliferation measured as S-phase fraction (SPF) have been discussed as prognostic markers but need additional evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated relapse-free survival (RFS) with respect to ploidy and SPF, which was analyzed by flow cytometry on fresh tumor tissue, in a cohort of 1001 women treated for stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma in northern Sweden during the period of 1993-2010, with a median follow up time of 12.0 years. Data were obtained from historical records. RESULTS: In simple analysis, both aneuploidy and high SPF were associated to increased risk of relapse with hazard ratios (HR) 2.37 (95% CI 1.52-3.70) and 1.94 (95% CI 1.24-3.02), respectively. Our data also confirmed stage, tumor grade, and ploidy as independent prognostic markers in an age adjusted cox regression multivariable analysis but we did not find SPF to contribute to prognosis. However, the combination of aneuploidy and high SPF identified a group of patients with increased risk of relapse, HR 2.02 (95% CI 1.19-3.44). CONCLUSION: In this study, which is the largest study of ploidy and SPF in stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma using fresh frozen tissue, aneuploidy was shown to be an independent prognostic marker. Furthermore, the combination of aneuploidy and high SPF could be used to identify patients with increased risk of relapse.

Published
2021
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8. Control of mammalian oocyte growth and early follicular development by the oocyte PI3 kinase pathway: New roles for an old timer

Author

Liu, Kui, Rajareddy, Singareddy, Liu, Lian, Jagarlamudi, Krishna, Boman, Karin, Selstam, Gunnar, and Reddy, Pradeep

Subjects
Steroid hormones -- Analysis, Steroid hormones -- Growth, Gonadotropin -- Analysis, Gonadotropin -- Growth, Company growth, Biological sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.07.038 Byline: Kui Liu (a), Singareddy Rajareddy (a), Lian Liu (a)(d), Krishna Jagarlamudi (a), Karin Boman (b), Gunnar Selstam (c), Pradeep Reddy (a) Keywords: PI3K pathway; Mammalian oocyte growth; Early follicular development Abstract: A large amount of information has accumulated over the past decade on how gonadotropins, steroid hormones and growth factors regulate development of the mammalian ovarian follicle. Moreover, the bi-directional communication between mammalian oocytes and their surrounding somatic (granulosa) cells has also been shown to be crucial for this process. The intra-ovarian factors, or more specifically, the intra-oocyte signaling pathways that control oocyte growth and early follicular development are largely unknown, however. Based on both in vitro studies and in vivo functional studies using gene-modified mouse models, this review focuses on the key features of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway in growing mouse oocytes and on the novel functions of the oocyte PI3K pathway in controlling mammalian oocyte growth and follicular development that have come to light only recently. We propose that the PI3K pathway in the oocyte, which is activated by granulosa cell-produced Kit ligand (KL) via the oocyte-surface receptor Kit, may serve as an intra-oocyte network that regulates both oocyte growth and the early development of ovarian follicles. Author Affiliation: (a) Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, UmeA[yen] University, SE-901 87 UmeA[yen], Sweden (b) Radiation Sciences, UmeA[yen] University, SE-901 87 UmeA[yen], Sweden (c) Molecular Biology, UmeA[yen] University, SE-901 87 UmeA[yen], Sweden (d) Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China Article History: Received 13 November 2005; Revised 1 June 2006; Accepted 28 July 2006

Published
2006

9. Activation of Akt (PKB) and suppression of FKHRL1 in mouse and rat oocytes by stem cell factor during follicular activation and development

Author

Reddy, Pradeep, Shen, Lijun, Ren, Chong, Boman, Karin, Lundin, Eva, Ottander, Ulrika, Lindgren, Peter, Liu, Yi-xun, Sun, Qing-yuan, and Liu, Kui

Subjects
Oocytes -- Research, Developmental biology -- Research, Embryonic stem cells -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Although communications between mammalian oocytes and their surrounding granulosa cells mediated by the Kit--Kit ligand (KL, or stem cell factor, SCF) system have been proven to be crucial for follicular development, Kit downstream signaling pathways in mammalian oocytes are largely unknown. In this study, by using ovaries and isolated oocytes from postnatal mice and rats, we demonstrated for the first time that components of the PI3 kinase pathway, the serine/threonine kinase Akt (PKB) which enhances cellular proliferation and survival, and an Akt substrate FKHRL1 which is a transcription factor that leads to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, are expressed in mammalian oocytes. By using an in vitro oocytes culture system, we found that oocytes-derived Akt and FKHRL1 are regulated by SCF. Treatment of cultured oocytes with SCF cannot only rapidly phosphorylate and activate Akt, but also simultaneously phosphorylate and may therefore functionally suppress FKHRL1, through the action of PI3 kinase. Together with our in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry data that Akt and FKHRL1 are mostly expressed in oocytes in primordial and primary ovaries and reports that FKHRL1 gene-deficient mice exhibited excessive activation from primordial to primary follicles as well as enlarged oocyte sizes, we suppose that in mammalian oocytes, actions of granulosa cell derived SCF on primordial to primary follicle transition and subsequent follicle development may involve activation of Akt and inhibition of FKHRL1 activities in oocytes. The role of oocyte's Akt may be to enhance follicle development and the role of oocyte's FKHRL1 may be to inhibit follicle development. We propose that the cascade from granulosa cell SCF to oocyte Kit-PI3 kinase-Akt-FKHRL1 may play an important role to regulate the growth rate of mammalian oocytes and hypothetically also the oocyte secretion of factors that may regulate the activation and early development of ovarian follicles. Keywords: Mammalian oocytes; Stem cell factor (SCF); Kit; PI3 kinase; Akt; FKHRL1

Published
2005

16. Immunohistochemical study of the human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroid receptors in endometrial adenocarcinoma

Author

Maentausta, Olli, Boman, Karin, Isomaa, Veli, Stendahl, Ulf, Backstrom, Tor, and Vihko, Reijo

Subjects
Endometrial cancer -- Diagnosis, Adenocarcinoma -- Physiological aspects, Diagnostic immunohistochemistry -- Usage, Steroid hormones -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

17[beta]-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) and estrogen (ER) and progestin (PR) receptors were analyzed immunohistochemically in tissue specimens of 66 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Plasma steroid concentrations were correlated to immunohistochemical data. 17HSD was detected in 48% of the specimens and was stained in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. The tissues were characterized by a heterogeneous staining pattern for 17HSD. In some patients, intensively stained epithelial cell clusters were seen, indicating that local factors were responsible for the expression of the protein. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma specimens tended to have no 17HSD more frequently than did well or moderately differentiated tissues. ER and PR were detectable in 24% and 28% of patients, respectively, and were localized in the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells. There was a significant correlation between 17HSD and PR staining and an inverse correlation between plasma progesterone concentrations and 17HSD staining. This is contrary to the data obtained with normal endometrium. The main reason for this inverse relation between endometrial 17HSD staining and plasma progesterone concentrations was that, in some postmenopausal patients with low plasma progesterone concentrations, intense staining for 17HSD was detectable in the endometrial carcinoma specimens. This indicates a major difference in the regulation of 17HSD expression in endometrial adenocarcinomas, compared with normal tissues of premenopausal women.

Published
1992

17. Talförbättrande operation vid velofarynxinsufficiens (VPI) : Patienters subjektiva upplevelse av svalglambå

Author

Öbrink Boman, Karin and Winqvist, Heidi

Subjects
complications, tal, superior pharyngeal flap, velopharyngeal insufficiency, speech, biverkning, velofarynxinsufficiens, patient-reported outcome, självskattning, uppåtbaserad svalglambå
Abstract

Velofarynxinsufficiens (VPI) innebär en otillräcklig förmåga att stänga passagen mellan mun- och näshåla. En ofullständig slutning får konsekvenser framför allt för talet, då luft passerar genom näsan även vid orala språkljud och leder till en avvikande talklang och artikulation. Dessa avvikelser kan vara mer eller mindre framträdande i talet och innebära allt ifrån en lätt förvrängning av talklangen till att talet blir oförståeligt för omgivningen, vilket får allvarliga konsekvenser för möjligheten att kommunicera verbalt. VPI kan behandlas på flera sätt, dels protetiskt, dels med kirurgi. Deltagarna i denna studie har alla genomgått operation med uppåtbaserad farynxlambå, som är en väldokumenterad och effektiv metod för att behandla VPI. En vanligt förekommande biverkning till operationen är luftvägshinder, exempelvis nästäppa, snarkning och sömnapné. Syftet med studien var att undersöka deltagarnas egen uppfattning om operationsresultatet gällande tal och biverkningar, med hjälp av en enkät för självskattning. 61 patienter opererade med uppåtbaserad svalglambå under perioden 2000-2011 vid Akademiska Sjukhuset i Uppsala deltog i studien. Deltagarna delades in i tre undergrupper utifrån etiologi: deltagare med spalt (n = 35), deltagare med spalt och syndrom (n = 13), samt deltagare utan spalt (n = 13). Resultat: 55 av 61 deltagare (90 %) ansåg att operationen förbättrade deras tal. 49 av 61 deltagare (80 %) skulle dessutom rekommendera operationen till någon annan med samma besvär. 42 av 61 deltagare (68,8 %) uppgav att de är nöjda med sitt tal. Kvarstående biverkningar som rapporterades var nästäppa, snarkning, dagtrötthet och muntorrhet. Deltagarna upplevde dock dessa biverkningar i liten grad. Ingen tydlig skillnad sågs mellan de olika patientgrupperna. Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is the inability to completely close the velopharyngeal port. Velopharyngeal closure is an important part of speech. VPI leads to a leakage of air into the nasal cavity during speech, which can cause hypernasal resonance and misarticulations. The effect of VPI on speech differs depending on the nature of the insufficiency. It can affect speech intelligibility severely. VPI can be treated prosthetically or surgically. The patients in this study have all undergone pharyngeal flap surgery; a well established surgical method with documented effect in correcting VPI and reducing hypernasality in speech. Pharyngeal flap surgery can have negative consequences, such as airway obstruction, sleep apnea and snoring. The aim of this study was to investigate the patients experiences of speech, complications and side-effects after pharyngeal flap surgery, through self-reports. 61 patients who underwent superior pharyngeal flap surgery during the period 2000 to 2011 at Uppsala University Hospital participated in the study. They were divided into three sub-groups: patients with cleft (n = 35), patients with cleft and syndrome (n = 13), patients without cleft (n = 13). Result: 55 of 61 participants (90 %) were of the opinion that the pharyngeal flap surgery had improved their speech. 49 of 61 participants (80 %) said they would recommend someone else with the same problem to undergo the operation. 42 of 61 participants (68,8 %) were content with their speech. Reported residual side effects, though experienced in low degree, were nasal congestion, snoring, weariness during daytime and dry mouth. No evident difference was seen between the sub-groups.

Published
2013

18. The Range of Communication Skills in Mathematics Education : A Study of Problem Solving Methods with Pupils in Year 3

Author

Boman, Karin

Subjects
matematiska förmågor, problem solving methods, matematikundervisning, grupparbete, mathematics education, kommunikationsförmåga, group work, aktionsforskning, problem solving, action research, problemlösning, problemlösningsmetoder, communication skills, mathematical skills, communication competence
Abstract

Bakgrund: I grundskolans läroplan synliggörs tydligt att eleven i matematikundervisningen skall utveckla olika förmågor och att dessa är centrala. En av dessa är kommunikationsförmågan, som är särskilt betydelsefull genom att den sammanlänkas till alla de övriga, såsom de som gäller representation, resonemang och problemlösning. Av denna anledning har kommunikationsförmågan i matematik och medvetenheten kring och utvecklingen av denna hos lärare och elever undersökts i denna studie. En grundförutsättning är att individuell färdighetsträning i lärobok är otillräckligt. Elever bör tidigt få möjlighet till exempelvis arbete i grupp med ett matematiskt problem, då de i tal och skrift kommunicerar matematiska begrepp och metoder. Detta ger förutsättningar för en individualiserad undervisning där elever i samarbete kan utveckla kunskap på många olika sätt. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur läraren genom sin matematiska kommunikationsförmåga ger stöd för elever att utveckla sin förmåga att kommunicera kring och lösa ett matematiskt problem. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och valda metoder för datainsamling är deltagande observation, intervju och aktionsforskning. Deltagande observationer vid tre undervisningstillfällen med tre elever samt uppföljande enskilda intervjuer har filmats. Undersökningen har inspirerats av aktionsforskning genom att jag själv varit lärare under lektionerna. Resultat: Studien visar att elever i grupp kommunicerar kring ett matematiskt problem på olika sätt. Det gäller för läraren att vara observant på de olika uppslag som eleverna ger för att inte gå miste om relevanta sätt att tänka. Eleverna har lätt för att tillämpa olika strategier såsom att dramatisera, skriva en tabell, leta efter ett mönster, rita en figur och undersöka ett enklare fall och en fördjupad kommunikation möjliggörs genom dessa. Eleverna visar också i intervjuerna att de själva är medvetna om att strategierna utgör viktiga byggstenar i problemlösningsprocessen, även om de inte ser hela innehållet i dem. Att förklara för varandra och inta de andras perspektiv är relativt svårt för eleverna. En insats av läraren krävs för att fördjupa resonemangen och välja olika lösningssätt för att förklara. Två av de tre eleverna anser att det kan vara svårt att förklara för varandra elever emellan och att det är lättare att förstå när en lärare förklarar. Detta visar på vikten av att läraren specifikt undervisar eleverna i hur de kan kommunicera – såsom att resonera och förklara – för att möjliggöra att deras matematiska kommunikationsförmåga utvecklas.

Published
2013

19. Credit derivatives in Swedish banks : Both sides of the coin

Author

Boman, Karin and Sohier, Émile

Subjects
OTC, Credit derivatives, central clearing, hedging, risk management, credit default swap, collateralized debt obligation, Swedish banks
Abstract

Background: The financial crisis of 2007-2010 had a massive impact on the financial markets worldwide. The crisis was partly blamed on the credit derivatives collateralized debt obligations and credit default swaps. These instruments were used to create leverage and speculation, which led to uncertainty in the financial system worldwide. There has been no recent documentation of how credit derivatives are used in Swedish banks, and what risks and opportunities they bring along. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe the use of credit derivatives in Swedish banks, what benefits and risks they may generate and how the recent financial crisis has affected their use. Research Method: This is a qualitative multiple case study which uses an inductive approach. The study covers four cases, three of the largest Swedish commercial banks, and a bank that specializes on international financing. Seven people working in different fields in these banks have been interviewed. Conclusions: Credit derivatives are mostly used for hedging in Swedish banks, which mainly involves the use of credit default swaps, and sometimes iTraxx. Purely speculative trades are rare. The risks that arise are mainly due to lack of transparency in OTC trading, and abusive use of these instruments. Credit derivatives greatly facilitate risk management in banks. Regulations have increased since the financial crisis and the demand for more complex products greatly decreased.

Published
2011

20. Kreditderivat i svenska banker : Båda sidor av myntet

Author

Boman, Karin and Sohier, Émile

Subjects
OTC, Credit derivatives, central clearing, hedging, risk management, credit default swap, collateralized debt obligation, Swedish banks
Abstract

Background: The financial crisis of 2007-2010 had a massive impact on the financial markets worldwide. The crisis was partly blamed on the credit derivatives collateralized debt obligations and credit default swaps. These instruments were used to create leverage and speculation, which led to uncertainty in the financial system worldwide. There has been no recent documentation of how credit derivatives are used in Swedish banks, and what risks and opportunities they bring along. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe the use of credit derivatives in Swedish banks, what benefits and risks they may generate and how the recent financial crisis has affected their use. Research Method: This is a qualitative multiple case study which uses an inductive approach. The study covers four cases, three of the largest Swedish commercial banks, and a bank that specializes on international financing. Seven people working in different fields in these banks have been interviewed. Conclusions: Credit derivatives are mostly used for hedging in Swedish banks, which mainly involves the use of credit default swaps, and sometimes iTraxx. Purely speculative trades are rare. The risks that arise are mainly due to lack of transparency in OTC trading, and abusive use of these instruments. Credit derivatives greatly facilitate risk management in banks. Regulations have increased since the financial crisis and the demand for more complex products greatly decreased.

Published
2011

21. Examestane in advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a prospective phase II study by the Nordic Society of Gynecologic Oncology (NSGO)

Author

Lindemann, Kristina, Malander, Susanne, Christensen, Rene D., Mirza, Mansoor R., Kristensen, Gunnar B., Åvall-Lundqvist, Elisabeth, Vergote, Ignace, Rosenberg, Per, Boman, Karin, Nordstrom, Britta, Lindemann, Kristina, Malander, Susanne, Christensen, Rene D., Mirza, Mansoor R., Kristensen, Gunnar B., Åvall-Lundqvist, Elisabeth, Vergote, Ignace, Rosenberg, Per, Boman, Karin, and Nordstrom, Britta

Abstract

Background: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the aromatase inhibitor exemestane in patients with advanced, persistent or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Methods: We performed an open-label one-arm, two-stage, phase II study of 25 mg of oral exemestane in 51 patients with advanced (FIGO stage III-IV) or relapsed endometrioid endometrial cancer. Patients were stratified into subsets of estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative patients. Results: Recruitment to the ER negative group was stopped prematurely after 12 patients due to slow accrual. In the ER positive patients, we observed an overall response rate of 10%, and a lack of progression after 6 months in 35% of the patients. No responses were registered in the ER negative patients, and all had progressive disease within 6 months. For the total group of patients, the median progression free survival (PFS) was 3.1 months (95% CI: 2.0-4.1). In the ER positive patients the median PFS was 3.8 months (95% CI: 0.7-6.9) and in the ER negative patients it was 2.6 months (95% CI: 2.1-3-1). In the ER positive patients the median overall survival (OS) time was 13.3 months (95% CI: 7.7-18.9), in the ER negative patients the corresponding numbers were 6.1 months (95% CI: 4.1-8.2). Treatment with exemestane was well tolerated. Conclusion: Treatment of estrogen positive advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer with exemestane, an aromatase inhibitor, resulted in a response rate of 10% and lack of progression after 6 months in 35% of the patients.

Published
2014
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22. Matförgiftad? Kanske ett införande av Smiley system i Sverige skulle kunna hjälpa dig?

Author

Boman, Karin

Subjects
Insikt, Medvetenhet
Abstract

Most of us sometimes in life visit a restaurant to relax and eat some good food. In that case, we trust that the food they are serving is of good quality and safe which prevent food poisoning. As a consumer you mostly do not have any insight what’s happening in the kitchen at the restaurant. What is really going on when they prepare the food? An introduction of the Smiley system could help you as a consumer in the choice of restaurant. I am one of those who always are careful when I choose restaurant. You want it to look nice and clean, but mostly you don’t see the kitchen where the food is prepared. Restaurant consumers in the municipality of Halmstad many people has little knowledge what the restaurants looks like and what’s going on behind the closed doors to the kitchen. In the year of 2005 there was an investigation done (SOU 2005:44) by the government’s public investigations about the introduction of a Smiley system with the purpose to increase the work with the food safety regarding to provisions and to give the consumers insights in the choice of restaurant. The Department of Agriculture voted against the introduction of this proposal and since then nothing has happened in the municipality of Halmstad. Today there are a few municipalities in Sweden that has voluntarily adopted the Smiley system and as a part of my examination has been a research of the insight on how their work looks like and if it has lead to an increased safety regarding provisions. I also have investigated how the restaurant consumers in Halmstad would think of the introduction of a Smiley system, where the food business would be forced to make the results from a food inspection public. They will also be forced to put a summary on a visible place in the restaurant. Depending on the results by the inspector, the restaurant will get a decal. By doing so, the consumer can look at the decal and do not have to read the summary. The examination has performed by qualitative interviews to get an insight into what the restaurant consumers in Halmstad are thinking of the Smiley system and the introduction of it. The interviewed persons have been in the age of 20 to 50 years old and have been chosen randomly. After an analysis of the material I got from the interviews I could see that the restaurant consumers in Halmstad think that an introduction of a Smiley system would be positive. Awareness and insight has been two recurring words in the interviews and the interviews where pervaded positive. The municipalities that I choose to interview are two big cities and two small cities that are working with the Smiley system. I made this choice to see if it was any difference in their work by the Smiley system. Questions were sent to the responsible for each municipality via mail. As I got the answers back I came to the conclusion that the Smiley system for most part worked well in each municipality and also that the introduction of the system has brought more work and commitment.

Published
2009

23. Examestane in advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a prospective phase II study by the Nordic Society of Gynecologic Oncology (NSGO)

Author

Lindemann, Kristina, primary, Malander, Susanne, additional, Christensen, Rene D, additional, Mirza, Mansoor R, additional, Kristensen, Gunnar B, additional, Aavall-Lundqvist, Elisabeth, additional, Vergote, Ignace, additional, Rosenberg, Per, additional, Boman, Karin, additional, and Nordstrøm, Britta, additional

Published
2014
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24. Vidden av kommunikationsförmågan i matematikundervisningen : En studie av problemlösningsmetoder med elever i år 3

Author

Boman, Karin and Boman, Karin

Abstract

Bakgrund: I grundskolans läroplan synliggörs tydligt att eleven i matematikundervisningen skall utveckla olika förmågor och att dessa är centrala. En av dessa är kommunikationsförmågan, som är särskilt betydelsefull genom att den sammanlänkas till alla de övriga, såsom de som gäller representation, resonemang och problemlösning. Av denna anledning har kommunikationsförmågan i matematik och medvetenheten kring och utvecklingen av denna hos lärare och elever undersökts i denna studie. En grundförutsättning är att individuell färdighetsträning i lärobok är otillräckligt. Elever bör tidigt få möjlighet till exempelvis arbete i grupp med ett matematiskt problem, då de i tal och skrift kommunicerar matematiska begrepp och metoder. Detta ger förutsättningar för en individualiserad undervisning där elever i samarbete kan utveckla kunskap på många olika sätt. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur läraren genom sin matematiska kommunikationsförmåga ger stöd för elever att utveckla sin förmåga att kommunicera kring och lösa ett matematiskt problem. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och valda metoder för datainsamling är deltagande observation, intervju och aktionsforskning. Deltagande observationer vid tre undervisningstillfällen med tre elever samt uppföljande enskilda intervjuer har filmats. Undersökningen har inspirerats av aktionsforskning genom att jag själv varit lärare under lektionerna. Resultat: Studien visar att elever i grupp kommunicerar kring ett matematiskt problem på olika sätt. Det gäller för läraren att vara observant på de olika uppslag som eleverna ger för att inte gå miste om relevanta sätt att tänka. Eleverna har lätt för att tillämpa olika strategier såsom att dramatisera, skriva en tabell, leta efter ett mönster, rita en figur och undersöka ett enklare fall och en fördjupad kommunikation möjliggörs genom dessa. Eleverna visar också i intervjuerna att de själva är medvetna om att strategierna utgör viktiga byggstenar i problemlösningsprocessen, även om

Published
2013

25. A phase II study of docetaxel weekly in combination with carboplatin every three weeks as first line chemotherapy in stage IIB-IV epithelial ovarian cancer : neurological toxicity and quality-of-life evaluation.

Author

Sorbe, Bengt, Graflund, Marianne, Nygren, Lisa, Horvath, György, Swahn, Marie, Boman, Karin, Bangshöj, René, Lood, Margareta, Malmström, Henric, Sorbe, Bengt, Graflund, Marianne, Nygren, Lisa, Horvath, György, Swahn, Marie, Boman, Karin, Bangshöj, René, Lood, Margareta, and Malmström, Henric

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the response rate, toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a series of advanced stage ovarian carcinoma patients treated with a first-line weekly docetaxel and three weekly carboplatin regimens. All eligible patients were treated with intravenous docetaxel (30 mg/m2) on Days 1, 8 and 15, and carboplatin (area under the curve, 5) on Day 1; Q21 days for at least 6 cycles. Neurological tests, questionnaires, and the EORTC QLQ-C30 and OV28 were used for quality-of-life assessments. One hundred and six patients received at least one cycle of primary chemotherapy (median 6.0; range, 1-9) and they were evaluable for toxicity assessment. Eighty-five patients had evaluable disease and received at least 3 courses of chemotherapy and were evaluable for clinical response rate. The overall response rate was 78.8% (95% CI 70.1-87.5%) and the biochemical response was 92.8% (95% CI 87.2-98.4%). The median PFS was 12.0 months and the median OS was 35.3 months. Thirty-six patients (34.0%) experienced grades 3 and 4 neutropenia, which resulted in the removal of 3 patients. Six patients (5.7%) experienced grades 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia. No patients experienced grade 3-4 sensory neuropathy. Epiphora, nail changes and fatigue were frequently recorded non-hematological side effects. The tolerable hematological toxicity (no need for colony-stimulating factors) and the low rate of severe neurotoxicity (only grade 1-2) and response rates in line with the standard 3-week paclitaxel-carboplatin regimen for advanced primary ovarian carcinoma after suboptimal cytoreductive surgery make this regimen an interesting alternative in selected patients.

Published
2012
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26. External Pelvic and Vaginal Irradiation Versus Vaginal Irradiation Alone as Postoperative Therapy in Medium-risk Endometrial Carcinoma-A Prospective Randomized Study.

Author

Sorbe, Bengt, Horvath, György, Andersson, Håkan, Boman, Karin, Lundgren, Caroline, Pettersson, Birgitta, Sorbe, Bengt, Horvath, György, Andersson, Håkan, Boman, Karin, Lundgren, Caroline, and Pettersson, Birgitta

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of adjuvant external beam pelvic radiotherapy as adjunct to vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) in medium-risk endometrial carcinoma, with regard to locoregional tumor control, recurrences, survival, and toxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Consecutive series of 527 evaluable patients were included in this randomized trial. Median follow-up for patients alive was 62 months. The primary study endpoints were locoregional recurrences and overall survival. Secondary endpoints were recurrence-free survival, recurrence-free interval, cancer-specific survival, and toxicity. RESULTS: Five-year locoregional relapse rates were 1.5% after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus VBT and 5% after vaginal irradiation alone (p = 0.013), and 5-year overall survival rates were 89% and 90%, respectively (p = 0.548). Endometrial cancer-related death rates were 3.8% after EBRT plus VBT and 6.8% after VBT (p = 0.118). Pelvic recurrences (exclusively vaginal recurrence) were reduced by 93% by the addition of EBRT to VBT. Deep myometrial infiltration was a significant prognostic factor in this medium-risk group of endometrioid carcinomas but not International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade or DNA ploidy. Combined radiotherapy was well tolerated, with serious (Grade 3) late side effects of less than 2%. However, there was a significant difference in favor of VBT alone. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a significant locoregional control benefit with combined radiotherapy, no survival improvement was recorded, but increased late toxicity was noted in the intestine, bladder, and vagina. Combined RT should probably be reserved for high-risk cases with two or more high-risk factors. VBT alone should be the adjuvant treatment option for purely medium-risk cases.

Published
2012
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27. Phase II Study of Docetaxel Weekly in Combination With Carboplatin Every 3 Weeks as First-Line Chemotherapy in Stage IIB to Stage IV Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Author

Sorbe, Bengt, Graflund, Marianne, Horvath, György, Swahn, Marie, Boman, Karin, Bangshöj, René, Lood, Margareta, Malmström, Henric, Sorbe, Bengt, Graflund, Marianne, Horvath, György, Swahn, Marie, Boman, Karin, Bangshöj, René, Lood, Margareta, and Malmström, Henric

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the response rate, toxicity, progression-free survival, and overall survival in a series of patients with advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma treated with a first-line weekly docetaxel and 3 weekly carboplatin regimen. METHODS: All eligible patients were treated with intravenous docetaxel (30 mg/m) on days 1, 8, and 15, and carboplatin (area under the curve, 5) on day 1; every 21 days for at least 6 cycles. RESULTS: One hundred six patients received at least one cycle of primary chemotherapy (median, 6.0; range, 1-9), and they were evaluable for toxicity assessment. Eighty-five patients had evaluable (measurable) disease and received at least 3 courses of chemotherapy and were evaluable for clinical response rate. The overall response rate was 78.8% (95% confidence interval, 70.1%-87.5%), and the biochemical response 92.8% (95% confidence interval, 87.2%-98.4%). The median progression-free survival was 12.0 months and the median overall survival was 35.3 months. Thirty-six patients (34.0%) experienced grades 3 and 4 neutropenia, which resulted in the removal of 3 patients. Six patients (5.7%) experienced grades 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia. No patients experienced grade 3 to grade 4 sensory neuropathy. Epiphora, nail changes, and fatigue were frequently recorded nonhematologic adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: The tolerable hematologic toxicity (no need for colony-stimulating factors) and the low rate of neurotoxicity (only grades 1-2) and response rates in line with the standard 3-week paclitaxel-carboplatin regimen for advanced primary ovarian carcinoma after suboptimal cytoreductive surgery make this regimen an interesting alternative in selected patients.

Published
2012
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28. External Pelvic and Vaginal Irradiation Versus Vaginal Irradiation Alone as Postoperative Therapy in Medium-Risk Endometrial Carcinoma A Prospective, Randomized Study-Quality-of-Life Analysis

Author

Sorbe, Bengt Göran, Horvath, Gyorgy, Andersson, Håkan, Boman, Karin, Lundgren, Caroline, Pettersson, Birgitta, Sorbe, Bengt Göran, Horvath, Gyorgy, Andersson, Håkan, Boman, Karin, Lundgren, Caroline, and Pettersson, Birgitta

Abstract

Background: A combination of vaginal brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy was compared with brachytherapy alone in medium-risk endometrial carcinomas. Quality-of-life analysis is an important part of a randomized study to find out the optimal adjuvant treatment for this group of patients. Objective: To evaluate the value of adjuvant external beam pelvic radiotherapy in adjunct to vaginal brachytherapy in medium-risk endometrial carcinoma. Quality-of-life evaluation is the main topic of this report. Methods: A consecutive series of 527 evaluable patients were included in this randomized trial. Median follow-up for patients alive was 62 months. The primary study end points were locoregional recurrences and overall survival. Secondary end points were recurrence-free survival, toxicity, and quality-of-life. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OV28 modules were used to evaluate global health status, functional scales, and symptom scales. Results: Five-year locoregional relapse rates were 1.5% after external beam (ERT) plus vaginal irradiation (VBT) and 5% after vaginal irradiation alone (P = 0.013), and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 89% and 90%, respectively. External beam radiotherapy was associated with a higher rate of adverse effects from the intestine and the bladder, and quality-of-life parameters deteriorated at the end of radiotherapy but recovered to normal levels within a few months. There was a significant difference in favor of VBT alone with regard to adverse effects of the bowel and urinary tract, and quality-of-life. Conclusions: Despite a significant locoregional control benefit with combined radiotherapy, no survival improvement was recorded; but increased late toxicity from the intestine and the bladder. External beam irradiation decreased global health status during and after treatment, and 3 functional scale items (physical, role, and social). Six of 11 symptom items showed a pattern favoring va

Published
2012
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29. To discuss death with pupils in the special nine-year compulsory school. A hermeneutic study of five teachers'experiences

Author

Boman, Karin

Subjects
utvecklingsstörning, erfarenheter, döden, grundsärskolelärare, Pedagogik, bearbeta, elever, reaktioner, Education
Abstract

I det här arbetet har jag gjort intervjuer med fem grundsärskolelärare om hur de bearbetar frågor om döden med sina elever. Om detta finns mycket få undersökningar. Endast en bok i Sverige behandlar ämnet utvecklingsstörda och döden. De beskrivningar av situationer från tillfällen då lärarna bearbetat dessa frågor är avidentifierade. Lärarna har fått läsa utskrifter av intervjuerna och haft möjlighet att reagera på dessa före mina tolkningar av dem. Den utvecklingsteori som ligger till grund för arbetet är Gunnar Kyléns A-,B-,och C-stadier. Kylén utgår mycket från Piagets teorier.

Published
1999

30. Att bearbeta frågor om döden med elever i grundsärskolan. En hermeneutisk studie av fem lärares erfarenheter

Author

Boman, Karin

Subjects
utvecklingsstörning, erfarenheter, döden, grundsärskolelärare, Pedagogik, bearbeta, elever, reaktioner, Education
Abstract

I det här arbetet har jag gjort intervjuer med fem grundsärskolelärare om hur de bearbetar frågor om döden med sina elever. Om detta finns mycket få undersökningar. Endast en bok i Sverige behandlar ämnet utvecklingsstörda och döden. De beskrivningar av situationer från tillfällen då lärarna bearbetat dessa frågor är avidentifierade. Lärarna har fått läsa utskrifter av intervjuerna och haft möjlighet att reagera på dessa före mina tolkningar av dem. Den utvecklingsteori som ligger till grund för arbetet är Gunnar Kyléns A-,B-,och C-stadier. Kylén utgår mycket från Piagets teorier.

Published
1999

31. Phase II randomized study of trabectedin given as two different every 3 weeks dose schedules (1.5 mg/m2 24 h or 1.3 mg/m2 3 h) to patients with relapsed, platinum-sensitive, advanced ovarian cancer

Author

Del Campo, J. M., Roszak, A., Bidzinski, M., Ciuleanu, T. E., Hogberg, T., Wojtukiewicz, M. Z., Poveda, A., Boman, Karin, Westermann, A. M., Lebedinsky, C., Del Campo, J. M., Roszak, A., Bidzinski, M., Ciuleanu, T. E., Hogberg, T., Wojtukiewicz, M. Z., Poveda, A., Boman, Karin, Westermann, A. M., and Lebedinsky, C.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This randomized, open-label, phase II clinical trial evaluated the optimal regimen of trabectedin administered every 3 weeks in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed, advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients previously treated with less than two or two previous chemotherapy lines were randomized to receive trabectedin 1.5 mg/m(2) 24 h (arm A, n = 54) or 1.3 mg/m(2) 3 h (arm B, n = 53). Objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST was the primary efficacy end point. Toxic effects were graded according to the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria v. 2.0. RESULTS: ORR was 38.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 25.9% to 53.1%; arm A] and 35.8% (95% CI 23.1% to 50.2%; arm B) (intention-to-treat primary analysis). Median time to progression was 6.2 months (95% CI 5.3-8.6 months; arm A) and 6.8 months (95% CI 4.6-7.4 months; arm B). Frequent severe adverse events were nausea/vomiting (24%, arm A; 15%, arm B) and fatigue (15%, arm A; 10%, arm B). Common severe laboratory abnormalities were transient, noncumulative neutropenia (55%, arm A; 37%, arm B) and transaminase increases (alanine aminotransferase, 55%, arm A; 59%, arm B). CONCLUSIONS: Both every-3-weeks trabectedin regimes, 1.5 mg/m(2) 24 h and 1.3 mg/m(2) 3 h, were active and reasonably well tolerated in AOC platinum-sensitive patients. Trabectedin every-3-weeks has promising activity and deserves to be further evaluated in relapsed AOC.

Published
2009
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32. Treatment of primary advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma with a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel : long-term follow-up

Author

Sorbe, B, Andersson, H, Boman, Karin, Rosenberg, P, Kalling, M, Sorbe, B, Andersson, H, Boman, Karin, Rosenberg, P, and Kalling, M

Abstract

There is no generally accepted standard chemotherapy in treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Cisplatin and doxorubicin with or without cyclophosphamide are widely used. Response rates have improved with combination chemotherapy compared with single-agent therapy. A platinum analog seems to be an important part of the chemotherapy regimen. Since few patients are cured from their disease and since the duration of response is short, further improvement of this therapy is warranted. During the past years, the taxanes (paclitaxel) are being added to prior evaluated regimens and not only improved response rates are reported but also increased toxicity is observed. In a prospective, phase II, multicenter study, carboplatin (area under the curve = 5) and paclitaxel (175 mg/m(2)) were evaluated in treatment of primary advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma. In total, 66 patients were recruited during the years 2000-2004. Eighteen primary advanced tumors and 48 recurrences were treated. All histologic types and tumor grades were allowed. The median follow-up was 57 months (range 37-69 months). The overall response rate was 67% (95% CI 55-78). The complete response rate was 29% and the partial response rate 38%. Primary advanced and recurrent tumors as well as endometrioid and nonendometrioid tumors showed similar response rates. The median response duration was 14 months. The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 82% and 33%, respectively. The main toxicities were hematologic and neurologic (sensory neuropathy). The response rates were encouraging, superior to prior platinum-containing regimens, but response duration and the long-term survival rate were still short. The neurologic toxicity was frequent and was a substantial problem in this series of patients. Further research is highly needed to improve the treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer.

Published
2008
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33. Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by soluble kit ligand in mouse oocytes during early follicular development.

Author

Liu, Lian, Rajareddy, Singareddy, Reddy, Pradeep, Jagarlamudi, Krishna, Du, Chun, Shen, Yan, Guo, Yongzhi, Boman, Karin, Lundin, Eva, Ottander, Ulrika, Selstam, Gunnar, Liu, Kui, Liu, Lian, Rajareddy, Singareddy, Reddy, Pradeep, Jagarlamudi, Krishna, Du, Chun, Shen, Yan, Guo, Yongzhi, Boman, Karin, Lundin, Eva, Ottander, Ulrika, Selstam, Gunnar, and Liu, Kui

Abstract

Communication between mammalian oocytes and their surrounding granulosa cells through the Kit-Kit ligand (KL, or stem cell factor, SCF) system has been shown to be crucial for follicular development. Our previous studies (Reddy et al. 2005, Liu et al. 2006) have indicated that the intra-oocyte KL-Kit-PI3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt-Foxo3a cascade may play an important role in follicular activation and early development. In the present study, using in situ hybridization and in vitro culture of growing oocytes from 8-day-old postnatal mice, we have demonstrated that another Akt substrate, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), is expressed in growing oocytes. Also, treatment of cultured mouse oocytes with soluble KL not only leads to increased Akt kinase activity in the oocytes, which can phosphorylate recombinant GSK-3 in vitro, but also leads to phosphorylation of oocyte GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta, which can result in the inactivation of GSK-3 function in oocytes. In addition, we have shown that the regulation of GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta in cultured oocytes by soluble KL is accomplished through PI3K, since the PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 completely abolished the KL-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta. Moreover, blockage of the Kit signaling pathway by a Kit function-blocking antibody, ACK2, resulted in reduced phosphorylation of GSK-3. Taken together, our data suggest that the cascade from granulosa cell-derived KL to Kit-PI3K-Akt-GSK-3 in oocytes may take part in regulation of oocyte growth and early ovarian follicular development.

Published
2007
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34. Infertility caused by retardation of follicular development in mice with oocyte-specific expression of Foxo3a

Author

Liu, Lian, Rajareddy, Singareddy, Reddy, Pradeep, Du, Chun, Jagarlamudi, Krishna, Shen, Yan, Gunnarsson, David, Selstam, Gunnar, Boman, Karin, Liu, Kui, Liu, Lian, Rajareddy, Singareddy, Reddy, Pradeep, Du, Chun, Jagarlamudi, Krishna, Shen, Yan, Gunnarsson, David, Selstam, Gunnar, Boman, Karin, and Liu, Kui

Abstract

In recent years, mammalian oocytes have been proposed to have important roles in the orchestration of ovarian follicular development and fertility. To determine whether intra-oocyte Foxo3a, a component of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, influences follicular development and female fertility, a transgenic mouse model was generated with constitutively active Foxo3a expressed in oocytes. We found that the female transgenic mice were infertile, which was caused by retarded oocyte growth and follicular development, and anovulation. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the constitutively active Foxo3a in oocytes caused a dramatic reduction in the expression of bone morphogenic protein 15 (Bmp15), connexin 37 and connexin 43, which are important molecules for the establishment of paracrine and gap junction communications in follicles. Foxo3a was also found to facilitate the nuclear localization of p27(kip1) in oocytes, a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor that may serve to inhibit oocyte growth. The results from the current study indicate that Foxo3a is an important intra-oocyte signaling molecule that negatively regulates oocyte growth and follicular development. Our study may therefore give some insight into oocyte-borne genetic aberrations that cause defects in follicular development and anovulation in human diseases, such as premature ovarian failure.

Published
2007
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35. Paclitaxel-carboplatin-gemcitabine (TCG) as first-line treatment of ovarian cancer: a prospective multicenter phase II study (AGO-OVAR 8) followed by a prospectively randomized phase III GCIG intergroup study (AGO-OVAR 9, GINECO-TCG, NSGO-OC-0102) comparing TCG with standard TC

Author

du Bois, A, Sehouli, J, Lund, B, Joly, F, Huober, J, Jensen, T S, Levy, E, Heilmann, V, Boman, Karin, Hardy-Bessard, A C, Burges, A, Mäenpää, J, Pujade-Lauraine, E, Pfisterer, J, Gropp, M, Staehle, A, Wimberger, P, Jackisch, C, Schmalfeldt, B, Belau, A, Loibl, S, Wollschlaeger, K, Canzler, U, Rochon, J, du Bois, A, Sehouli, J, Lund, B, Joly, F, Huober, J, Jensen, T S, Levy, E, Heilmann, V, Boman, Karin, Hardy-Bessard, A C, Burges, A, Mäenpää, J, Pujade-Lauraine, E, Pfisterer, J, Gropp, M, Staehle, A, Wimberger, P, Jackisch, C, Schmalfeldt, B, Belau, A, Loibl, S, Wollschlaeger, K, Canzler, U, and Rochon, J

Published
2005

41. Endometrial carcinoma : steroid hormones and receptors in relation to proliferation

Author

Boman, Karin

Subjects
Cancer och onkologi, Cancer and Oncology, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Reproduktionsmedicin och gynekologi, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

The significance of the hormonal milieu for endometrial changes is as well-known as its link with endometrial carcinoma. Unopposed oestradiol treatment is shown to increase the incidence for this cancer. Obesity leads to elevated levels of oestrogens and is a risk factor for endometrial carcinoma. An association between high tumour proliferation and prognosis is a general feature of human cancer. Tumour growth can be expressed as proliferation rate and flow cytometry (FCM) is a sensitive and reproducable method to estimate S-phase fraction (SPF) and ploidy level. Both parameters have been shown to correlate with prognosis. Sex steroid hormone levels were analysed together with clinical parameters, SPF, and receptors in established endometrial carcinoma. The study consisted of postmenopausal women with endometrial adeno­carcinoma. H ormones were analysed in 127 patients, 99 were analysed for FCM and 60 for oestrogen and progesterone receptors. RIA technique was used for hormone assay of oestrone, oestradiol, progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone plasma levels. The receptors were analysed with an immunohistochemical method, and SPF and ploidy level by flow cytometry. A wide range of oestrogen concentrations was found. Some patients had levels comparable to fertile women. Strong correlations were found between body mass index, weight and depth of uterine cavity. No relations were found between receptors and SPF, apart from oestrogen- receptor positive tumours having a lower SPF when compared with receptor negative tumours. The influence of oestradiol on tumour proliferation expressed as SPF was ambiguous. SPF was increased with higher oestradiol levels in the group of peri-diploid, well-differentiated tumours, while a negative correlation was found for the peri-diploid, moderately differentiated tumours. The aneuploid and poorly differenti­ated tumours had a high SPF regardless of oestradiol concentration. The association between progesterone concentration and SPF was of a more general nature. Progesterone above a threshold level was related to a lower SPF in well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumours. Thus endogenous progesterone seems to play a role in controlling the tumour’s proliferation activity, in contrast to oestradiol, that had a role which did not appear to relate to proliferation activity in any specific direction. The only stimulative association was seen in well-differentiated tumours, but SPF was still below the mean value for all diploid tumours. Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 5 uppsatser. digitalisering@umu

Published
1993

42. Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by soluble kit ligand in mouse oocytes during early follicular development

Author

Liu, Lian, primary, Rajareddy, Singareddy, additional, Reddy, Pradeep, additional, Jagarlamudi, Krishna, additional, Du, Chun, additional, Shen, Yan, additional, Guo, Yongzhi, additional, Boman, Karin, additional, Lundin, Eva, additional, Ottander, Ulrika, additional, Selstam, Gunnar, additional, and Liu, Kui, additional

Published
2007
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48. Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by soluble kit ligand in mouse oocytes during early follicular development

Author

Liu, Lian, Rajareddy, Singareddy, Reddy, Pradeep, Jagarlamudi, Krishna, Du, Chun, Shen, Yan, Guo, Yongzhi, Boman, Karin, Lundin, Eva, Ottander, Ulrika, Selstam, Gunnar, and Liu, Kui

Abstract

Communication between mammalian oocytes and their surrounding granulosa cells through the Kit–Kit ligand (KL, or stem cell factor, SCF) system has been shown to be crucial for follicular development. Our previous studies (Reddy et al.2005, Liu et al.2006) have indicated that the intra-oocyte KL–Kit–PI3 kinase (PI3K)–Akt–Foxo3a cascade may play an important role in follicular activation and early development. In the present study, using in situhybridization and in vitroculture of growing oocytes from 8-day-old postnatal mice, we have demonstrated that another Akt substrate, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), is expressed in growing oocytes. Also, treatment of cultured mouse oocytes with soluble KL not only leads to increased Akt kinase activity in the oocytes, which can phosphorylate recombinant GSK-3 in vitro, but also leads to phosphorylation of oocyte GSK-3α and GSK-3β, which can result in the inactivation of GSK-3 function in oocytes. In addition, we have shown that the regulation of GSK-3α and GSK-3β in cultured oocytes by soluble KL is accomplished through PI3K, since the PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 completely abolished the KL-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3α and GSK-3β. Moreover, blockage of the Kit signaling pathway by a Kit function-blocking antibody, ACK2, resulted in reduced phosphorylation of GSK-3. Taken together, our data suggest that the cascade from granulosa cell-derived KL to Kit–PI3K–Akt–GSK-3 in oocytes may take part in regulation of oocyte growth and early ovarian follicular development.

Published
2006
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49. Infertility caused by retardation of follicular development in mice with oocyte-specific expression of Foxo3a.

Author

Lian Liu, Rajareddy, Singareddy, Reddy, Pradeep, Chun Du, Jagarlamudi, Krishna, Yan Shen, Gunnarsson, David, Selstam, Gunnar, Boman, Karin, and Kui Liu

Subjects
OVUM, FERTILITY, OVULATION, OVARIAN diseases, ONTOGENY
Abstract

In recent years, mammalian oocytes have been proposed to have important roles in the orchestration of ovarian follicular development and fertility. To determine whether intra-oocyte Foxo3a, a component of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, influences follicular development and female fertility, a transgenic mouse model was generated with constitutively active Foxo3a expressed in oocytes. We found that the female transgenic mice were infertile, which was caused by retarded oocyte growth and follicular development, and anovulation. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the constitutively active Foxo3a in oocytes caused a dramatic reduction in the expression of bone morphogenic protein 15 (Bmp15), connexin 37 and connexin 43, which are important molecules for the establishment of paracrine and gap junction communications in follicles. Foxo3a was also found to facilitate the nuclear localization of p27kip1 in oocytes, a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor that may serve to inhibit oocyte growth. The results from the current study indicate that Foxo3a is an important intra-oocyte signaling molecule that negatively regulates oocyte growth and follicular development. Our study may therefore give some insight into oocyte-borne genetic aberrations that cause defects in follicular development and anovulation in human diseases, such as premature ovarian failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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50. Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by soluble kit ligand in mouse oocytes during early follicular development.

Author

Lian Liu, Rajareddy, Singareddy, Reddy, Pradeep, Jagarlamudi, Krishna, Chun Du, Yan Shen, Yongzhi Guo, Boman, Karin, Lundin, Eva, Ottander, Ulrika, Selstam, Gunnar, and Kui Liu

Subjects
*PHOSPHORYLATION, *GLYCOGEN synthase kinase-3, *LIGANDS (Biochemistry), *ESTRONE, *IN situ hybridization, *OVUM, *PROTEIN kinases, *LABORATORY mice
Abstract

Communication between mammalian oocytes and their surrounding granulosa cells through the Kit-Kit ligand (KL, or stem cell factor, SCF) system has been shown to be crucial for follicular development. Our previous studies (Reddy et al. 2005, Liu et al. 2006) have indicated that the intra-oocyte KL-Kit-PI3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt-Foxo3&agr; cascade may play an important role in follicular activation and early development. In the present study, using in situ hybridization and in vitro culture of growing oocytes from 8-day-old postnatal mice, we have demonstrated that another Akt substrate, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), is expressed in growing oocytes. Also, treatment of cultured mouse oocytes with soluble KL not only leads to increased Akt kinase activity in the oocytes, which can phosphorylate recombinant GSK-3 in vitro, but also leads to phosphorylation of oocyte GSK-3a and GSK-3b, which can result in the inactivation of GSK-3 function in oocytes. In addition, we have shown that the regulation of GSK-3a and GSK-3b in cultured oocytes by soluble KL is accomplished through PI3K, since the PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 completely abolished the KL-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3&agr; and GSK-3&bgr;. Moreover, blockage of the Kit signaling pathway by a Kit function-blocking antibody, ACK2, resulted in reduced phosphorylation of GSK-3. Taken together, our data suggest that the cascade from granulosa cell-derived KL to Kit-PI3K-Akt-GSK-3 in oocytes may take part in regulation of oocyte growth and early ovarian follicular development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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