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1. Dietary Patterns, Nutrient Intakes and Metabolic Conditions Among Agro-Pastoralists in Monduli District, Tanzania

Author

Khamis AG, Mwanri AW, Senkoro M, Kreppel K, Bonfoh B, Mfinanga SG, and Kwesigabo G

Subjects
dietary pattern, obesity, high blood pressure, maize, dairy, red meat, vegetables, pastoral, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Ahmed Gharib Khamis,1 Akwilina Wendelin Mwanri,2 Mbazi Senkoro,3 Katharina Kreppel,4,5 Bassirou Bonfoh,6 Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga,3 Gideon Kwesigabo1 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; 2Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; 3National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Research Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; 4School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania; 5Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania; 6Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’IvoireCorrespondence: Ahmed Gharib Khamis, Email ahmadboycd@gmail.comBackground: Unhealthy dietary patterns have contributed to the increase in metabolic syndromes in Tanzania. This study aimed to examine dietary patterns, nutrient intakes and investigate the association with obesity and high blood pressure among adults in agro-pastoral communities in Monduli district, Tanzania.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 283 adults aged from 18 years old. Blood pressure and anthropometry were measured from each participant. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to identify types of dietary patterns. Logistic regression model was used to examine the associations.Results: Three types of dietary patterns were identified labeled as maize, beans and dairy; meat based; and fruits and vegetables. Higher intake of carbohydrates was found in maize dietary pattern. Meat dietary pattern was associated with higher intake of calcium and protein. Higher intakes of fiber and vitamin B2 was found in the fruits and vegetables dietary pattern. Participants on the third quartile of the maize pattern had higher odds of abdominal obesity (AOR=2.81; 95% CI: 1.09– 7.26). Participants in the third and fourth quartiles of meat based pattern had increased odds of abdominal obesity by five (AOR=5.03; 95% CI: 2.31– 10) and three folds (AOR=3.07; 95% CI: 1.36– 6.92). Participants in the third quartile of fruits and vegetables dietary pattern have lower odds of general obesity (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.9) and abdominal obesity (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.71). No association between dietary patterns and high blood pressure was observed.Conclusion: Three dietary patterns were identified in agro-pastoral communities. This study suggests that higher adherence to maize, beans and dairy dietary pattern and meat based dietary pattern may increase the risk of general and abdominal obesity. The fruits and vegetables dietary pattern may prevent from obesity. Further investigation is recommended to guide the preventive nutrition interventions.Keywords: dietary pattern, obesity, high blood pressure, maize, dairy, red meat, vegetables, pastoral

Published
2022

2. Prevalence and Correlates of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Among Regular Street Food Consumers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Author

B Kagaruki G, J Mahande M, D Kimaro G, S Ngadaya E, Mayige T M, Selemani M, Jaacks LM, Jaffar S, Mfinanaga SG, and Bonfoh B

Subjects
street food consumers, cardio-metabolic risks, cardio-metabolic correlates, tanzania, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Gibson B Kagaruki,1,2 Michael J Mahande,2 Godfather D Kimaro,3 Esther S Ngadaya,3 Mary Mayige T,4 Majige Selemani,5 Lindsay M Jaacks,6 Shabbar Jaffar,7 Sayoki G Mfinanaga,3,8 Bassirou Bonfoh8,9 1Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Tukuyu Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania; 2Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; 3Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 4Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 5Eastern Africa Statistical Training Centre, Graduate Studies, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 6Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK; 7International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK; 8Public Health Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 9Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abdjan, Côte d’IvoireCorrespondence: Gibson B Kagaruki NIMR-Tukuyu, P.O. Box 538, Tukuyu, TanzaniaEmail gkagaruki@gmail.comBackground: Regular street food consumers (RSFCs) in Africa are at an increased risk of unhealthy eating practices, which have been associated with intermediate risk factors of cardio-metabolic diseases. However, knowledge of the magnitude and correlates of these risk factors is limited in Tanzania. This study aimed to fill this gap using data collected from RSFCs in Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 560 RSFCs in three districts of Dar es Salaam between July and September 2018. Information on socio-economic factors and demographics, behavioral risks, anthropometric and biochemical indicators was collected. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and prevalence ratio (PR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable binary logistic and modified Poisson regression models, respectively.Results: On average, participants consumed 11 street food meals/week. The prevalence (95% CI) of cardio-metabolic risk factors was 63.9% (60.6– 69.9%) for overweight/obesity, 42.5% (38.3– 46.9%) for raised blood pressure, 13.5% (10.9– 16.8%) for raised triglycerides and 6.6% (4.9– 9.3%) for raised glucose levels. The correlates of overweight/obesity were female vs male sex (APR=1.3; 95% CI 1.2– 1.5), age of 41– 64 vs 25– 40 years (APR=1.4; 95% CI 1.2– 1.6), high vs low income (APR=1.2; 95% CI 1.04– 1.3), being married/cohabiting vs other (APR=1.2; 95% CI 1.01– 1.4) and family history of diabetes vs no family history (APR=1.2; 95% CI 1.01– 1.3). Age 41– 64 vs 25– 40 years, was the only significant factor associated with raised blood pressure APR (95% CI) 2.2 (1.7– 2.9) and raised glucose AOR (95% CI) 3.9 (1.5– 10.5).Conclusion: Our study revealed that RSFCs are at risk of cardio-metabolic health problems, especially women, middle-aged people and those with higher incomes. Transdisciplinary studies to understand the drivers of street food consumption are needed in order to inform interventions to mitigate the risk of developing cardio-metabolic diseases. These interventions should target both street food vendors and their consumers.Keywords: street food consumers, cardio-metabolic risks, cardio-metabolic correlates, Tanzania

Published
2021

7. Access to Vaccination Services for Priority Ruminant Livestock Diseases in Ghana: Barriers and Determinants of Service Utilization by Farmers

Author

Nuvey, F. S., Fink, G., Hattendorf, J., Mensah, G. I., Addo, K. K., Bonfoh, B., and Zinsstag, J.

Subjects
Food Animals, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Livestock diseases are a major constraint to agricultural productivity, frequently causing significant livelihood losses for farmers, and negatively affecting public food safety and security. Vaccines provide an effective and profitable means for controlling most infectious livestock diseases, but remain underutilized. This study sought to assess the barriers and determinants of vaccination utilization for priority livestock diseases in Ghana. METHODS: We conducted a mixed-method study involving a quantitative survey with ruminant livestock farmers (N = 350) and seven focus group discussions (FGD) involving 65 ruminant livestock farmers. The survey data were analyzed, and distribution of barriers to vaccination access described. We evaluated the determinants of vaccination utilization (any use of vaccination against contagious-bovine-pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) in 2021) using logistic regression analyses at the 0.05 significance level. FGD transcripts were analyzed deductively. We used triangulation to achieve convergence across the different datasets and analyses. RESULTS: The farmers kept an average (median) of 5 tropical livestock units (TLUs) of ruminant livestock (IQR=2.6-12.0) that were on average 8 kilometers (IQR=1.9-12.4) away from veterinary officers (VOs). Only 16% (56/350) of herds were vaccinated against the diseases. Most farmers (274/350) had limited knowledge on vaccines against CBPP and PPR infections, 63% (222/350) perceived low risk of these diseases to their herds. About half of farmers reported experiencing outbreaks of either disease in the study year (2021). Farmers scored on average 80.5 out of 98 (IQR=74-85) on the RS-14 resilience scale. After adjusting for farmers' livestock rearing experience, herd size, sex, wealth status, distance to VOs, previous disease outbreaks, and perceived risk of the diseases, vaccination utilization was negatively associated with limited knowledge (aOR=0.19, 95%CI=0.08-0.43), and positively associated with personal exposure to outbreaks in the study year (aOR=5.26, 95%CI=2.01-13.7) and increasing resilience (aOR=1.13, 95%CI=1.07-1.19). FGDs revealed farmer misconceptions about vaccines, costs of vaccines, and timely access to vaccines from VOs as additional barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptability, affordability, accessibility, and availability of vaccine services represent the main barriers to vaccines utilization by ruminant livestock farmers in Ghana. Given that limited knowledge regarding the value of vaccination and shortfalls in veterinary service supply are of central importance for both the demand and supply side, more collaboration between the different stakeholders in a transdisciplinary manner to effectively address the low vaccination utilization problem is needed.

Published
2023
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9. Microbiological quality and antimicrobial resistance of Bacteria species recovered from ready-to-eat food, water samples, and palm swabs of food vendors in Accra, Ghana

Author

Dela, H., Egyir, B., Behene, E., Sulemana, H., Tagoe, R., Bentil, R., Bongo, R. N. A., Bonfoh, B., Zinsstag, J., Bimi, L., and Addo, K. K.

Subjects
General Medicine, Microbiology, Food Science
Abstract

This study sought to investigate microbial quality and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria species from Ready-to-Eat (RTE) food, water, and vendor palm swab samples. Between 2019 and 2020, RTE food, water and vendor palm swab samples were collected from food vending sites in Accra, Ghana. Samples were cultured and confirmed using the Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted using disk diffusion method. Beta-lactamase and Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) genes were determined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Total plate count (TPC) and Total coliform count (TCC) were performed on food and water samples. In total, 179 RTE food, 72 water and 10 vendor palm swab samples were collected. Enterobacter spp. (16.8 %), Citrobacter spp. (10.1 %), Enterococcus faecalis (7.8 %), Pseudomonas spp. (6.7 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.0 %) occurred in food. Isolates from water and palm were Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.8 %), Aeromonas spp. (16.7 %) and Enterobacter cloacae (11.1 %). Resistance to Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Tetracycline, Azithromycin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and Nitrofurantoin were common among Enterobacterales. High mean TPC and TCC showed in some RTE food and different water types used in vending depicting their unsafe condition for consumption and usage. The bla(SHV) and bla(TEM) genes were present in some Enterobacterales from food and water. The lt gene was identified in two food samples. AMR organisms associated with nosocomial infections in the samples investigated, calls for continuous surveillance in the food industry in Ghana. Also, the unsafe outcome of RTE food and water depicts the need for the enforcement of Ghana's food safety laws.

Published
2023
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14. Effectiveness and cost of an incentive-based intervention on food safety and income in 'dibiteries' in Dakar, Senegal

Author

Orou Seko, M., Ossebi, W., Houngbedji, C. A., Kreppel, K., Dao, D., and Bonfoh, B.

Subjects
Motivation, Food Safety, Meat, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Hygiene, Senegal
Abstract

Background Rapid urbanisation in Sub-Saharan African cities such as Dakar, Senegal, leads to proliferation of informal braised meat restaurants known as “dibiteries”. Dibiteries do not often comply with minimal hygiene and food safety standards. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and cost of a good hygiene practice intervention, identify factors that incentivize hygiene improvement and how that impacts on dibiteries’ income. Methods A randomized controlled trial was carried out in Dakar dibiteries. The 120 random samples of braised meat were collected in three phases: (i) one-month pre-intervention, (ii) 2 months post-intervention, (iii) 10 months post-intervention. The trial comprised four groups of 10 dibiteries each: (a) (control) received no intervention, (b) a standardized training module, (c) a hygiene kit, (d) a training module and hygiene kit. Laboratory analysis of samples determined the total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF), thermotolerant coliforms (TC) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA). A questionnaire-based survey and focus group discussion were used to identify pre-intervention hygiene practices, and socioeconomic determinants of hygiene management in dibiteries post-intervention, respectively. Results Samples were found to be contaminated with TAMF, TC and SA. In phase 1, 27 and 13% of the samples contained TC and SA, respectively. In phase 2, no significant improvement of contamination rates was seen. In phase 3, microbiological quality of samples was significantly improved, with only 11.5% showing contamination with any of the bacterial species analysed (p b) had significantly reduced bacterial load in phase 3. The cost of intervention and hygiene improvement was estimated at 67 FCFA ($ 0.12) and 41 FCFA ($ 0.07) / day respectively and did not significantly impact on dibiterie profitability. Incentives to sustainably implement good hygiene practices were mainly linked to access to secure long-term workspaces. Conclusion This intervention may have worked, but globally the results are mixed and not quite significant. However, continuous training in good hygiene practice and access to secure and sustainable infrastructure for dibiterie restaurants are the incentives necessary to achieve sustainable investments and behavioural change. We recommend further intervention refinement and testing other factors for promoting the adoption of good hygiene practices in the dibiteries in relation to consumers health risk.

Published
2021

21. Evaluation de l’incidence des attaques des insectes piqueurs-suceurs sur huit varietes de cotonnier (Gossypium hirsutum) au Togo

Author

Koffi, K.Z., Aziadekey, M., Akantetou, K.P., Gnofam, N., Ayeva, B., Kilimou, P., and Bonfoh, B.

Subjects
piqueurs-suceurs, évaluation, résistance, variétés
Abstract

Dans la perspective de contribuer à l’élaboration d’une stratégie de gestion intégrée desprincipaux insectes piqueurs-suceurs (Aphis gossypii et Jacobiella fascialis) rencontrés en culture cotonnière au Togo, un test de résistance variétale a été réalisé sur la station de Kolokopé de juillet à octobre 2016.Huit variétés de Gossypium hirsutumont été testées dans un dispositif de blocs de Fisherà trois répétitions. L’essai a été conduit en condition d’infestation naturelle et en absence de traitement phytosanitaire. Les paramètres mesurés ont été les incidences des attaques des piqueurs-suceurs, la densité de poils et de glandes à gossypol sur le pétiole et la nervure principale de la feuille, la largeur du lobe centrale de la feuille et la longueur de la nervure principale. Les résultats ont montré que les variétés SRT*STAM 129A, H 406-7 FREGO et PALMERI ont été résistantes aux attaques des jassides et pucerons par rapport à HG 151-5qui a été plus sensible. Les autres varietés, PUNCTATUM, YUCATANENSE et OKLAHOMA RED ont été moyennement sensibles. La variété STAM 129 A a été moyennement résistante comparativement à HG 151-1. Mots clés : piqueurs-suceurs, évaluation, résistance, variétés

Published
2018

23. Why population-based data are crucial to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Author

Sankoh, O, INDEPTH Network and partners, COLLABORATORS, Bangha, M, Emina, JB, Herbst, AJ, Tollman, S, Kant, S, Aaby, P, Chowdhury, A, Delaunay, V, Diallo, A, Khan, WA, Streatfield, K, Alam, N, Bhuiya, A, Ha, BT, Molla, M, Kebede, Y, Alberts, M, Toan, TK, Chuc, NT, Gyapong, M, Jasseh, M, Tessema, F, Nathan, R, Salim, A, Masanja, H, Punpuing, S, Crampin, A, Nyrienda, M, Kouanda, S, Mangen, FW, Lutalo, T, Sewankambo, N, Williams, TN, Scott, JA, Assefa, N, Adama, Y, Gebru, AA, Owusu-Agyei, S, Odhiambo, F, Otieno, W, Sifuna, P, Macete, E, Urassa, M, Larson, P, Ezeh, A, Beguy, D, Kyobutungi, C, Tinto, H, Oche, OM, Oduro, A, Sie, A, Soura, A, Wilopo, S, Sirima, S, Bonfoh, B, Juvekar, S, Sonko, B, Nguyen, BP, Meremikwu, M, Asiki, G, Thompson, R, Clark, SJ, Binka, F, Evans, T, Byass, P, Adami, HO, Campbell, H, Ekstrom, AM, Mwenesi, H, Ross, D, Mbacké, C, Moyer, C, Asangansi, I, Bocquier, P, Gage, J, McPake, B, Clark, J, Sturkenboom, M, Weibel, D, Bonhoeffer, J, Dolinger, D, Boehme, C, Ye, Y, de Savigny, D, Long, KZ, Käser, M, Karim, A, Mäusezahl, D, and Tanner, M

Published
2017

24. Caracterisation phenotypique des populations locales de poulets (Gallus gallus domesticus) au Togo

Author

Dao, B, Kossoga, A, Lombo, Y, Ekoué, S, Talaki, E, Dayo, G K, and Bonfoh, B

Subjects
Caractérisation phénotypique, Poules locale, Zones agro-écologiques, Togo
Abstract

L’étude a été conduite du 19 Août au 27 septembre 2013 dans cinq zones agro-écologiques du Togo. L’objectif était de caractériser les popula-tions locales de poules (Gallus gallus domesticus) en se basant sur les différents phénotypes. Pour ce faire, un échantillon de 750 poules adultes dont 600 poules et 150 coqs issus de 30 cantons a été constitué. Chaque poule a été décrite par observation directe puis le poids et les mensura-tions corporelles ont été enregistrés. Une grande variabilité phénotypique dans la coloration et le type du plumage des poules a été observée. Les couleurs de plumage les plus rencontrées sont : le perdrix doré (16,7%), le caillouté (11,3%) chez la poule, le mille – fleur (28%), le rouge à queue noir (22%) et le blanc chez le coq. Trois types de plumage ont été observés: le lisse (96,3%), le soyeux (2,8%) et le frisé (0,9%) ont été décrits. L’emplument normal est très représenté (82%), mais d’autres empluments tels que le huppé (41%), le cou nu (0,83%), les tarses emplumés (0,33%) et les « barbe avec favoris » (0,22%) sont rencontrés. Les tarses des poules sont de coloration blanche (34%), jaunes (30%), gris (26,83 %) et noires (9,17%). La coloration des yeux des poules est surtout orangée (92,279%). Les crêtes de type simple sont dominantes (95,87%) tandis que le phénotype « polydactyle » est rencontré à une fréquence de 2,8%. Un dimorphisme sexuel pour le poids vif a été observé car les poids moyens sont de 1088,62g ± 244,26 et 1540,81g ±399,74 respectivement chez les poules et les coqs. D’une manière générale, les poules de la Savane Sèche présentent un format et un poids plus élevés que ceux des autres zones. Le format et le poids des poules diminuent suivant un gradient allant du nord au sud du pays.Mots clés : Caractérisation phénotypique, Poules locale, Zones agro-écologiques, Togo.

Published
2017

25. Facteurs agissant sur la mortalité des chevreaux Djallonké et croisés Djallonké et Sahélien à la station de Kolokopé

Author

Djagba, AY., Bonfoh, B., Aklikokou, K., Bassowa, H., and Koffi, KZ.

Subjects
Djallonke, lcsh:Agriculture, Kids, Togo, education, Sahelian, lcsh:S, Kolokopé, Mortality, human activities, humanities
Abstract

La productivité des caprins de race Djallonké est faible malgré leur bonne prolificité. Cette productivité faible est due au taux élevé de mortalité avant sevrage. La mortalité périnatale est souvent liée au faible poids à la naissance des chevreaux. Des croisements entre des chèvres Djallonké et un bouc Sahélien d’une part, et entre boucs et chèvres Djallonké, d’autre part, ont été réalisés au cours de deux campagnes à la station du Programme National Ovins Caprins de Kolokopé. Un taux de mortalité de 78,3% ± 14,6 a été enregistré avant le sevrage chez les chevreaux Djallonké nés avec un poids inférieur à 1 kg. La mortalité, bien que non significative, était plus élevée chez les chevreaux de race pure Djallonké (41,3 ± 7,1%) que chez les chevreaux métis (30,9 ± 8,1%) pendant les deux campagnes de lutte. Alors que les facteurs sexe, mode de naissance, race et saison de mise bas n’ont pas eu d’effets significatifs sur la mortalité avant sevrage des chevreaux, l’effet du poids à la naissance des chevreaux a été très significatif sur leur mortalité. Le croisement réalisé entre des chèvres Djallonké et un bouc Sahélien a entraîné une réduction du taux de mortalité des chevreaux au sevrage grâce à l’amélioration du poids des chevreaux métis à la naissance par rapport aux Djallonké purs. Cette méthode peut donc constituer une des voies d’amélioration de la survie des chevreaux Djallonké au sevrage., Mortality Determinants of Djallonke Kids and Crossbred between Djallonke and Sahelian Buck at Kolokope Station.Productivity of Djallonke goats is low despite their good prolificacy. This low productivity is due to the high mortality rate before weaning of the kids. Perinatal mortality is often related to the low birth weight of kids. Crosses between Djallonke goats and a Sahelian buck goat on one hand and between Djallonke goats and bucks of the same breed on the other hand were carried out during two campaigns at the National Goat Sheep Program station of Kolokopé. A mortality rate of 78.3± 14.6% was observed for pure Djallonke kids which were born with a weight less than 1 kg. During the two seasons, the mortality rate was higher but not significant for pure Djallonke (41.3 ± 7.1%) compared to the mortality of crossed ones (30.9 ± 8.1%). The factors sex, birth mode, breed and calving season did not affect the pre-weaning mortality of the kid’s. Birth weight affected very significantly the kid’s mortality. The crossbreeding between Djallonke goats and a Sahelian buck induced a reduction of mortality rate at weaning. This reduction was due to the improvement of the birth weight of crossbreds compared to the birth weight of the pure Djallonke. This method can therefore been considered as one of the ways to improve the survival of Djallonke kids at weaning.

Published
2017
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27. Diversité des denrées alimentaires traditionnelles conditionnées dans les emballages des feuilles de plantes en Côte d’Ivoire

Author

Onzo, F. C., Aka, S., Azokpota, P., Benie, C. K. D., Dje, K. M., and Bonfoh, B.

Subjects
Dockounou, Attiéké, Bolo, Côte d’Ivoire, Emballages végétaux, Feuilles de plantes
Abstract

Le présent travail a consisté à réaliser une enquête basée sur une méthode de ratissage systématique de 360 productrices et/ ou vendeuses d’aliments dans 12 principales localités de la Côte d’Ivoire. Les informations relatives au statut socio-démographique des femmes enquêtées et aux denrées alimentaires emballées dans les feuilles de plantes ont été collectées. Au total, 35 aliments emballés dans les feuilles de plantes ont été recensés et sont subdivisés en dérivés de maïs et de mil (15,22 %), de banane plantain (35,65 %), de niébé (7,4 %) et de manioc ou de taro (36,66 %). Ces aliments sont obtenus par divers procédés dont principalement la cuisson, la friture, le braisage, le fumage, le séchage (au soleil ou au four) ou la combinaison de deux de ces procédés. Le dockounou, l’attiékè et le bolo sont les aliments les plus préparés et vendus principalement dans les feuilles deThaumatococcus daniellii, de Musa paradisiaca ou de Musa acuminata, qui constituent les emballages végétaux les plus utilizes dans l’artisanat agro-alimentaire de la Côte d’Ivoire.Mots clés: Dockounou, Attiéké, Bolo, Côte d’Ivoire, Emballages végétaux, Feuilles de plantes Diversity of the traditional food packaged in plant leaves in Côte d’IvoireA survey based on a systematic combing of respondents was performed. A total of 360 traditional food processors were surveyed in 12 main localities of Côte d’Ivoire. Data related to the socio-demographic status of the respondents and the traditional foods in Côte d’Ivoire, specifically their local names, composition and the process have been collected. A total of 35 traditional foods packaged in plant leaves have been identified and were subdivided into four main groups : maize and milet based foods (15.22 %), plantain based products (35.65 %), cowpea based foods (7.4 %) and cassava and taro based products (36.66 %). These foods are obtained using t raditional culinary including cooking, steaming, frying, smoking, sun drying or the combination of two of these methods. The traditional foods such as dockounou, attiéké and bolo are mostly packed in plant leaves in Côte d’Ivoire, particularly in leaves of Thaumatococcus daniellii, Musa paradisiaca and Musa acuminata.Keywords: Dockounou, Attiéké, Bolo, Côte d’Ivoire, Vegetal packaging, plant leaves

Published
2015

28. Sleep and physical activity patterns among Tanzanian, South African, and Côte d’Ivoire primary schoolchildren. Findings from the KaziAfya study

Author

Christin Lang, Bonfoh Bassirou, Walter Cheryl, Honorati Masanja, Jürg Utzinger, and Markus Gerber

Subjects
sleep, regeneration, sleep problems, competitive sports, sports intervention, Sports, GV557-1198.995, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

Introduction Sleep and physical activity habits during childhood are influenced by developmental, cultural and environmental factors. Poor sleep is associated with lower immune function, physical activity levels, and psychological functioning, thus contributing to a vicious cycle of increased vulnerability during this developmental period. Regular physical activity, in turn, is associated with better sleep, improved immune function, and higher psychological well-being. There is, however, a lack of research on sleep and physical activity patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially among children from marginalized areas. Therefore, the present study has two objectives: First, it aims to fill a gap in the literature by reporting sleep and physical activity patterns among primary schoolchildren aged 6-12 years from Tanzania (Ifakara: N = 845), South Africa (Gqeberha: N = 1,287), and Côte d’Ivoire (Taabo: N = 1,027). Second, to investigate the relationship between habitual physical activity (7-day actigraphy) and sleep (parental and self-reported). Methods Thousand three-hundred and twenty children aged 5-12 years from each country were recruited. Sleep. Parents were asked to complete a few sleep-related questions regarding their child`s bed- and rise times. To assess sleep quality, children completed questions from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysse et al., 1989). To screen for sleep disturbances, children also answered three items of the Insomnia Severity Index (Morin et al., 2011), addressing difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep and waking up too early in the morning. Physical Activity. Objective physical activity was assessed with an accelerometry (Actigraph wGT3x-BT, Shalimar, FL, USA) worn around the hip. The device was worn for 7 consecutive days to assess a full weekly period, with a sampling epoch of 15 sec (Rowlands, 2007). Time per day spent in MPA (>3 MET [metabolic equivalents of task]) and VPA (>6 MET) is determined based on the raw accelerometry counts and the ActiLife computer software, with cut-off values derived from Freedson et al. (1998). The ActiGraph accelerometrys have been validated with children (Crouter et al., 2013; Hänggi et al., 2013). Results Children assessed in Côte d’Ivoire and Tanzania showed higher levels of daily physical activity (MVPA) than those assessed in South Africa. Yet, mean group levels still exceeded the recommended amount of 60 min MVPA/day. Across all three countries, boys generally had higher MVPA levels than their female peers, and children from the poorest wealth quintile were also more active than their peers from the least poor quintile. Composite sleep health was significantly different between countries, with the highest scores reported in Tanzania, followed by Côte d’Ivoire and South Africa. After controlling for sex, it was found that MVPA significantly predicted composite sleep health among children in Tanzania (ß = 5.83, p = .002) and Côte d’Ivoire (ß = 3.41, p = .072), but not in South Africa (ß = 0.67, p > .05). Discussion/Conclusion Adequate sleep and physical activity is crucial for children’s physical and mental development. Most of our understanding of the relationship between daily physical activity and sleep patterns is based on research conducted in Western high income countries. Currently, little is known about this association in children from Sub-Saharan African, specifically primary schoolchildren living in marginalized areas in Tanzania, South Africa, and Côte d’Ivoire. Results will reveal whether research from high-income countries is generalizable to low- or middle-income countries, and inform health policy makers on points for prevention and intervention in school-based settings. References Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., & Monk, T. H. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 Crouter, S. E., Horton, M., & Bassett, D. R. (2013). Validity of ActiGraph child-specific equations during various physical activities. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(7), 1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318285f03b Freedson, P. S., Melanson, E., & Sirard, J. (1998). Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 30(5), 777-781. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805000-00021 Hänggi, J. M., Phillips, L. R. S., & Rowlands, A. V. (2013). Validation of the GT3X ActiGraph in children and comparison with the GT1M ActiGraph. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16(1), 40–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.05.012 Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011). The Insomnia Severity Index: Psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep, 34(5), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.601 Rowlands, A. V. (2007). Accelerometer assessment of physical activity in children: An update. Pediatric Exercise Science, 19(3), 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164497057002014

Published
2023
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29. Effets d’un déficit hydrique sur certains paramètres morphologiques, physiologiques et de rendement chez le cotonnier (Gossypium hirsutulm L. CV STAM129A) cultivé au Togo

Author

Gnofam, N, Tozo, K, Bonfoh, B, Akantetou, KP, Kolani, L, and Ampouzouvi, K

Abstract

Le cotonnier est connu pour sa sensibilité au déficit hydrique. Le présent travail a été initié afin de mesurer les effets de ce facteur chez la variété STAM129A de cotonnier vulgarisée au Togo. L'étude porte sur certains paramètres tels que la hauteur des plantes, la longueur des entrenoeuds, le taux de rétention des capsules, le rendement en coton graine, la teneur en protéines solubles foliaires et en chlorophylles totales ainsi que la perméabilité membranaire des cellules foliaires. Pour cela, un déficit hydrique strict a été induit entre les 45 et 75èmes jours après levée. Les résultats ont montré que le déficit hydrique a entrainé une diminution de la croissance en hauteur des plantes à partir du 65ème jour après levée et du taux de rétention des capsules sur certaines branches fructifères. Le rendement en coton graine a chuté de 56 %. Le déficit hydrique n'a pas affecté la teneur en protéines solubles totales mais il a partiellement diminué le taux de chlorophylles et l'intégrité membranaire cellulaire. Ces données montrent que le cotonnier STAM129A est sensible au déficit hydrique. Elles devront être prises en compte dans les futurs programmes de gestion du cotonnier en particulier dans les zones du Togo à faible pluviométrie.Mots clés : Déficit hydrique, cotonnier, organes fructifères, rendement.

Published
2014

30. Vers un changement du calendrier cultural dans l’ecotone foret-savane de la Côte D’Ivoire

Author

Diomande, M, Dongo, K, Dje, KB, Kouadio, KKH, Kone, D, Biem, J, and Bonfoh, B

Abstract

L’étude porte sur les pratiques agricoles paysannes de l’écotone forêt-savane de la Côte d’Ivoire sous l’effet des changements pluviométriques actuels. La caractérisation des changements agrométéorologiques entre 1937 et 2009, s’est appuyée sur les méthodes de Tyson et celle de Franquin. L’analyse des pratiques agricoles paysannes a été effectuée à partir des enquêtes de terrain, visites et observations des parcelles agricoles selon un échantillonnage non probabiliste portant sur 450 paysans de 9 villages. Les résultats ont révélé que dans le Centre de la Côte d’Ivoire (Dimbokro), le début de la grande saison des pluies a accuséun retard d’un mois tandis que la longueur de la petite saison des pluies a été réduite de deux décades. Face à ces changements, les stratégies d’adaptation paysannes sont : (i) la diversification des cultures pérennes de rente (cacaoyer, caféier, anacardier, palmier à huile et hévéa) et (ii) l’association de cultures vivrières annuelles. Concernant le calendrier agricole, l’étude a recommandé pour cette région : (i) deux périodes (Août et septembre) de nettoyage des cultures pérennes et (ii) le mois de mai pour les mises en place des cultures à tubercules et céréales au lieu du mois d’avril qui est de plus en plus déficitaire en termes de bilan hydrique.Mots clés : Calendrier agricole, changement pluviométrique, Côte d’Ivoire, écotone forêt-savane, stratégie paysanne. TOWARDSA CHANGE IN THE AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR IN THE ECOTONE FOREST-SAVANNA AREA OF COTE D’IVOIREThis paper examines the peasant farming practices in the forest-savanna ecotone of Côte d’Ivoire as influenced by the rainfall pattern change. The characterization of agrometeorological changes between 1937 and 2009 was made according to methods described by Tyson and that of Franquin. Peasant farming analysis was based on field surveys, visits and observations of agricultural parcels using a non-probability test sampling of 450 farmers from 9 villages. The results revealed that in the Centre of Côte d’Ivoire (Dimbokro), the beginning of the long rainy season registered one month delay and the length of the short rainy season was reduced of 20 days. Faced with these changes, farmers’ adaptation strategies were based on (i) the diversification of perennial cash crops (cocoa, coffee, cashew, oil palm and rubber) and (ii) the mixed farmingcombining three food crops on the same plot. Regarding the agricultural calendar the study recommended for this region: (i) three field cleaning periods (August and December) for perennial crops and (ii) the month of May for tubers and cereals sowing instead of April, which is increasingly deficient in terms of water balance.Keywords : Agricultural calendar, rainfall pattern change, Côte d’Ivoire, forest-savanna ecotone, adaptation strategies.

Published
2014

32. Human and animal health surveys among pastoralists

Author

SCHELLING, E., primary, GRETER, H., additional, KESSELY, H., additional, ABAKAR, M.F., additional, NGANDOLO, B.N., additional, CRUMP, L., additional, BOLD, B., additional, KASYMBEKOV, J., additional, BALJINNYAM, Z., additional, FOKOU, G., additional, ZINSSTAG, J., additional, BONFOH, B., additional, HATTENDORF, J., additional, and BÉCHIR, M., additional

Published
2016
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36. A vision for the future of pastoralism

Author

ZINSSTAG, J., primary, BONFOH, B., additional, ZINSSTAG, G., additional, CRUMP, L., additional, ALFAROUKH, I.O., additional, ABAKAR, M.F., additional, KASYMBEKOV, J., additional, BALJINNYAM, Z., additional, LIECHTI, K., additional, SEID, M.A., additional, and SCHELLING, E., additional

Published
2016
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37. Effet de l’engrais organique liquide «Dragon 1», sur le developpement de la tomate au sud et au centre-ouest de la Côte D’Ivoire

Author

Kotaix, AJA, Angui, PTK, Pierre, CZK, Diby, NL, Dao, D, and Bonfoh, B

Abstract

Une étude sur la fertilisation minérale et organique liquide, a été faite sur la tomate en petite saison de pluie au Sud et au Centre-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire sur deux années afin, d’améliorer le developpement de la tomate. Mais de manière spécifique, il a s’agit d’évaluer les effets de différentes doses de Dragon 1, associées ou non à l’engrais minéral sur, la hauteur des plantes, le diamètre des tiges, le taux de floraison, les dates phénologiques (50 % floraison, la 1ère récolte et la fin de la récolte). Le dispositif expérimental était un Split-plot, avec 4 répétitions ayant pour facteur principal, l’engrais minéral et le facteur secondaire, l’engrais organique à 4 doses (Lha-1) : C0 = 0 (témoin), C1 = 2,5 ; C2 = 3,75 et C3 = 5. Les résultats ont montré que le traitement T10 (300 Kgha-1 engrais minéral + 3,75 Lha-1 de Dragon 1), a mieux amélioré la croissance en hauteur des plantes à la floraison et à la 1ère récolte. Cependant, la dose 2 de Dragon 1 utilisée seule, a davantage accru le diamètre des tiges, le taux de floraison, stimulé la précocité de cette floraison, de la récolte et favorisé une longue période de récolte.Mots clés : Tomate, fertilisation minérale, fertilisation organique liquide.

Published
2014

39. [Malaria transmission in an area of high coverage with long lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d'Ivoire]

Author

Bg, Koudou, Fa, Ouattara, Av, Edi, Christian Nsanzabana, Tia E, Es, Tchicaya, Tanner M, Bonfoh B, Dagnogo M, and Utzinger J

Subjects
Cote d'Ivoire, Mosquito Control, Animals, Humans, Insect Bites and Stings, Insecticide-Treated Bednets, Malaria
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess malaria transmission in an area of high coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in central Côte d'Ivoire. Two four-day larva collections were carried out in April and July 2008. Adult mosquito samples were collected by conducting human bait catches during a total of 80 man-nights. Vector infection rates were determined using an ELISA circumsporozoite antibody test. A total of 1582 mosquitoes were captured. Mansonia was the dominant genus in the culcidian fauna followed by Anopheles that was dominant in the anopheline fauna. The only Plasmodium vector was An. gambiae s.l. The high household bednet coverage rate probably accounted for the relatively low biting rate: 0.75 to 4.15 bites per person per night (b/p/n). Households not using bednets appear to have benefited from a passive protection effect associated with high LLIN coverage. Biting and entomological inoculation rates were 2.25 to 4.1 b/p/n (range) and 0.184 ib/p/n respectively in households that did not use LLINs and 0.75 to 4.15 b/p/n (range) and 0.341 ib/p/n respectively in households using LLINs.

Published
2011

42. African 1, an epidemiologically important clonal complex of **Mycobacterium bovis** dominant in Mali, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad

Author

Müller, B., Hilty, M., Berg, S., Garcia-Pelayo, M. C., Dale, J., Boschiroli, M. L., Cadmus, S., Ngandolo, B. N. R., Godreuil, S., Diguimbaye-Djaibé, C., Kazwala, R., Bonfoh, B., Njanpop-Lafourcade, B. M., Sahraoui, N., Guetarni, D., Aseffa, A., Mekonnen, M. H., Razanamparany, V. R., Ramarokoto, H., Djonne, B., Oloya, J., Machado, A., Mucavele, C., Skjerve, E., Portaels, F., Rigouts, L., Michel, A., Müller, A., Källenius, G., van Helden, P. D., Hewinson, R. G., Zinsstag, J., Gordon, J., Gordon, S. V., and Smith, N. H.

Subjects
Africa, West, Tuberculosis, Chad, Bacterial diseases, Population, Molecular Sequence Data, Prevalence, Strains, Nigeria, Mali, Microbiology, Evolutionary genetics, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Africa, Central, Cameroon, Typing, education, Molecular Biology, Spoligotyping, Genetics, Mycobacterium bovis, education.field_of_study, biology, Molecular epidemiology, business.industry, Spacer DNA, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Biotechnology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Africa, Cattle, Human medicine, Chromosome Deletion, business, Geographical distribution, BCG vaccine, Tuberculosis, Bovine, Population Genetics and Evolution
Abstract

We have identified a clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis present at high frequency in cattle in population samples from several sub-Saharan west-central African countries. This closely related group of bacteria is defined by a specific chromosomal deletion (RDAf1) and can be identified by the absence of spacer 30 in the standard spoligotype typing scheme. We have named this group of strains the African 1 (Af1) clonal complex and have defined the spoligotype signature of this clonal complex as being the same as the M. bovis BCG vaccine strain but with the deletion of spacer 30. Strains of the Af1 clonal complex were found at high frequency in population samples of M. bovis from cattle in Mali, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Chad, and using a combination of variable-number tandem repeat typing and spoligotyping, we show that the population of M. bovis in each of these countries is distinct, suggesting that the recent mixing of strains between countries is not common in this area of Africa. Strains with the Af1-specific deletion (RDAf1) were not identified in M. bovis isolates from Algeria, Burundi, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. Furthermore, the spoligotype signature of the Af1 clonal complex has not been identified in population samples of bovine tuberculosis from Europe, Iran, and South America. These observations suggest that the Af1 clonal complex is geographically localized, albeit to several African countries, and we suggest that the dominance of the clonal complex in this region is the result of an original introduction into cows naïve to bovine tuberculosis.

Published
2009

43. Cause-specific childhood mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Ouattara, M, Sanou, A, Sie, A, Lankoande, B, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Jaeger, F, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Abreha, L, Melaku, YA, Weldearegawi, B, Ansah, A, Hodgson, A, Oduro, A, Welaga, P, Gyapong, M, Narh, CT, Narh-Bana, SA, Kant, S, Misra, P, Rai, SK, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Hamel, MJ, Ngulukyo, E, Odhiambo, FO, Sewe, M, Beguy, D, Ezeh, A, Oti, S, Diallo, A, Douillot, L, Sokhna, C, Delaunay, V, Collinson, MA, Kabudula, CW, Kahn, K, Herbst, K, Mossong, J, Chuc, NTK, Bangha, M, Sankoh, OA, Byass, P, Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Ouattara, M, Sanou, A, Sie, A, Lankoande, B, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Jaeger, F, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Abreha, L, Melaku, YA, Weldearegawi, B, Ansah, A, Hodgson, A, Oduro, A, Welaga, P, Gyapong, M, Narh, CT, Narh-Bana, SA, Kant, S, Misra, P, Rai, SK, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Hamel, MJ, Ngulukyo, E, Odhiambo, FO, Sewe, M, Beguy, D, Ezeh, A, Oti, S, Diallo, A, Douillot, L, Sokhna, C, Delaunay, V, Collinson, MA, Kabudula, CW, Kahn, K, Herbst, K, Mossong, J, Chuc, NTK, Bangha, M, Sankoh, OA, and Byass, P

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Childhood mortality, particularly in the first 5 years of life, is a major global concern and the target of Millennium Development Goal 4. Although the majority of childhood deaths occur in Africa and Asia, these are also the regions where such deaths are least likely to be registered. The INDEPTH Network works to alleviate this problem by collating detailed individual data from defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To present a description of cause-specific mortality rates and fractions over the first 15 years of life as documented by INDEPTH Network sites in sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia. DESIGN: All childhood deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with verbal autopsy (VA) interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provided person-time denominators for mortality rates. Cause-specific mortality rates and cause-specific mortality fractions are presented according to WHO 2012 VA cause groups for neonatal, infant, 1-4 year and 5-14 year age groups. RESULTS: A total of 28,751 childhood deaths were documented during 4,387,824 person-years over 18 sites. Infant mortality ranged from 11 to 78 per 1,000 live births, with under-5 mortality from 15 to 152 per 1,000 live births. Sites in Vietnam and Kenya accounted for the lowest and highest mortality rates reported. CONCLUSIONS: Many children continue to die from relatively preventable causes, particularly in areas with high rates of malaria and HIV/AIDS. Neonatal mortality persists at relatively high, and perhaps sometimes under-documented, rates. External causes of death are

Published
2014

44. Adult non-communicable disease mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites

Author

Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Bagagnan, CH, Sie, A, Zabre, P, Lankoande, B, Rossier, C, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Kone, S, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Haile, F, Melaku, YA, Weldearegawi, B, Gomez, P, Jasseh, M, Ansah, P, Debpuur, C, Oduro, A, Wak, G, Adjei, A, Gyapong, M, Sarpong, D, Kant, S, Misra, P, Rai, SK, Juvekar, S, Lele, P, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Laserson, KF, Nyaguara, A, Odhiambo, FO, Phillips-Howard, P, Ezeh, A, Kyobutungi, C, Oti, S, Crampin, A, Nyirenda, M, Price, A, Delaunay, V, Diallo, A, Douillot, L, Sokhna, C, Gomez-Olive, FX, Kahn, K, Tollman, SM, Herbst, K, Mossong, J, Chuc, NTK, Bangha, M, Sankoh, OA, Byass, P, Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Bagagnan, CH, Sie, A, Zabre, P, Lankoande, B, Rossier, C, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Kone, S, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Haile, F, Melaku, YA, Weldearegawi, B, Gomez, P, Jasseh, M, Ansah, P, Debpuur, C, Oduro, A, Wak, G, Adjei, A, Gyapong, M, Sarpong, D, Kant, S, Misra, P, Rai, SK, Juvekar, S, Lele, P, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Laserson, KF, Nyaguara, A, Odhiambo, FO, Phillips-Howard, P, Ezeh, A, Kyobutungi, C, Oti, S, Crampin, A, Nyirenda, M, Price, A, Delaunay, V, Diallo, A, Douillot, L, Sokhna, C, Gomez-Olive, FX, Kahn, K, Tollman, SM, Herbst, K, Mossong, J, Chuc, NTK, Bangha, M, Sankoh, OA, and Byass, P

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major global issue, as other categories of mortality have diminished and life expectancy has increased. The World Health Organization's Member States have called for a 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025, which can only be achieved by substantial reductions in risk factors and improvements in the management of chronic conditions. A high burden of NCD mortality among much older people, who have survived other hazards, is inevitable. The INDEPTH Network collects detailed individual data within defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of adult NCD mortality from INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories, with separate consideration of premature (15-64 years) and older (65+ years) NCD mortality. DESIGN: All adult deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 80,726 adult (over 15 years) deaths were documented over 7,423,497 person-years of observation. NCDs were attributed as the cause for 35.6% of these deaths. Slightly less than half of adult NCD deaths occurred in the 15-64 age group. Detailed results are presented by age and sex for leading causes of NCD mortality. Per-site rates of NCD mortality were significantly correlated with rates of HIV/AIDS-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These findings present important evidence on the distribution of NCD mortality acros

Published
2014

45. Cause-specific mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Alam, N, Sie, A, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Ngoran, EK, Weldearegawi, B, Jasseh, M, Oduro, A, Gyapong, M, Kant, S, Juvekar, S, Wilopo, S, Williams, TN, Odhiambo, FO, Beguy, D, Ezeh, A, Kyobutungi, C, Crampin, A, Delaunay, V, Tollman, SM, Herbst, K, Chuc, NTK, Sankoh, OA, Tanner, M, Byass, P, Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Alam, N, Sie, A, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Ngoran, EK, Weldearegawi, B, Jasseh, M, Oduro, A, Gyapong, M, Kant, S, Juvekar, S, Wilopo, S, Williams, TN, Odhiambo, FO, Beguy, D, Ezeh, A, Kyobutungi, C, Crampin, A, Delaunay, V, Tollman, SM, Herbst, K, Chuc, NTK, Sankoh, OA, Tanner, M, and Byass, P

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Because most deaths in Africa and Asia are not well documented, estimates of mortality are often made using scanty data. The INDEPTH Network works to alleviate this problem by collating detailed individual data from defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering all deaths over time and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To build a large standardised mortality database from African and Asian sites, detailing the relevant methods, and use it to describe cause-specific mortality patterns. DESIGN: Individual demographic and verbal autopsy (VA) data from 22 INDEPTH sites were collated into a standardised database. The INDEPTH 2013 population was used for standardisation. The WHO 2012 VA standard and the InterVA-4 model were used for assigning cause of death. RESULTS: A total of 111,910 deaths occurring over 12,204,043 person-years (accumulated between 1992 and 2012) were registered across the 22 sites, and for 98,429 of these deaths (88.0%) verbal autopsies were successfully completed. There was considerable variation in all-cause mortality between sites, with most of the differences being accounted for by variations in infectious causes as a proportion of all deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This dataset documents individual deaths across Africa and Asia in a standardised way, and on an unprecedented scale. While INDEPTH sites are not constructed to constitute a representative sample, and VA may not be the ideal method of determining cause of death, nevertheless these findings represent detailed mortality patterns for parts of the world that are severely under-served in terms of measuring mortality. Further papers explore details of mortality patterns among children and specifically for NCDs, external causes, pregnancy-related mortality, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. Compa

Published
2014

46. Mortality from external causes in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites

Author

Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Diboulo, E, Niamba, L, Sie, A, Lankoande, B, Millogo, R, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Kone, S, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Ashebir, Y, Melaku, YA, Weldearegawi, B, Gomez, P, Jasseh, M, Azongo, D, Oduro, A, Wak, G, Wontuo, P, Attaa-Pomaa, M, Gyapong, M, Manyeh, AK, Kant, S, Misra, P, Rai, SK, Juvekar, S, Patil, R, Wahab, A, Wilopo, S, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Khaggayi, C, Nyaguara, A, Obor, D, Odhiambo, FO, Ezeh, A, Oti, S, Wamukoya, M, Chihana, M, Crampin, A, Collinson, MA, Kabudula, CW, Wagner, R, Herbst, K, Mossong, JL, Emina, JBO, Sankoh, OA, Byass, P, Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Diboulo, E, Niamba, L, Sie, A, Lankoande, B, Millogo, R, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Kone, S, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Ashebir, Y, Melaku, YA, Weldearegawi, B, Gomez, P, Jasseh, M, Azongo, D, Oduro, A, Wak, G, Wontuo, P, Attaa-Pomaa, M, Gyapong, M, Manyeh, AK, Kant, S, Misra, P, Rai, SK, Juvekar, S, Patil, R, Wahab, A, Wilopo, S, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Khaggayi, C, Nyaguara, A, Obor, D, Odhiambo, FO, Ezeh, A, Oti, S, Wamukoya, M, Chihana, M, Crampin, A, Collinson, MA, Kabudula, CW, Wagner, R, Herbst, K, Mossong, JL, Emina, JBO, Sankoh, OA, and Byass, P

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mortality from external causes, of all kinds, is an important component of overall mortality on a global basis. However, these deaths, like others in Africa and Asia, are often not counted or documented on an individual basis. Overviews of the state of external cause mortality in Africa and Asia are therefore based on uncertain information. The INDEPTH Network maintains longitudinal surveillance, including cause of death, at population sites across Africa and Asia, which offers important opportunities to document external cause mortality at the population level across a range of settings. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of mortality from external causes at INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories. DESIGN: All deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 5,884 deaths due to external causes were documented over 11,828,253 person-years. Approximately one-quarter of those deaths were to children younger than 15 years. Causes of death were dominated by childhood drowning in Bangladesh, and by transport-related deaths and intentional injuries elsewhere. Detailed mortality rates are presented by cause of death, age group, and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of external cause mortality found here generally corresponded with expectations and other sources of information, but they fill some important gaps in population-based mortality data. They provide an important source of information to inform potentially preventive intervention designs.

Published
2014

47. HIV/AIDS-related mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Millogo, O, Sie, A, Zabre, P, Rossier, C, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Kone, S, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Abera, SF, Melaku, YA, Weldearegawi, B, Gomez, P, Jasseh, M, Ansah, P, Azongo, D, Kondayire, F, Oduro, A, Amu, A, Gyapong, M, Kwarteng, O, Kant, S, Pandav, CS, Rai, SK, Juvekar, S, Muralidharan, V, Wahab, A, Wilopo, S, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Khagayi, S, Laserson, KF, Nyaguara, A, Van Eijk, AM, Ezeh, A, Kyobutungi, C, Wamukoya, M, Chihana, M, Crampin, A, Price, A, Delaunay, V, Diallo, A, Douillot, L, Sokhna, C, Gomez-Olive, FX, Mee, P, Tollman, SM, Herbst, K, Mossong, J, Chuc, NTK, Arthur, SS, Sankoh, OA, Byass, P, Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Millogo, O, Sie, A, Zabre, P, Rossier, C, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Kone, S, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Abera, SF, Melaku, YA, Weldearegawi, B, Gomez, P, Jasseh, M, Ansah, P, Azongo, D, Kondayire, F, Oduro, A, Amu, A, Gyapong, M, Kwarteng, O, Kant, S, Pandav, CS, Rai, SK, Juvekar, S, Muralidharan, V, Wahab, A, Wilopo, S, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Khagayi, S, Laserson, KF, Nyaguara, A, Van Eijk, AM, Ezeh, A, Kyobutungi, C, Wamukoya, M, Chihana, M, Crampin, A, Price, A, Delaunay, V, Diallo, A, Douillot, L, Sokhna, C, Gomez-Olive, FX, Mee, P, Tollman, SM, Herbst, K, Mossong, J, Chuc, NTK, Arthur, SS, Sankoh, OA, and Byass, P

Abstract

BACKGROUND: As the HIV/AIDS pandemic has evolved over recent decades, Africa has been the most affected region, even though a large proportion of HIV/AIDS deaths have not been documented at the individual level. Systematic application of verbal autopsy (VA) methods in defined populations provides an opportunity to assess the mortality burden of the pandemic from individual data. OBJECTIVE: To present standardised comparisons of HIV/AIDS-related mortality at sites across Africa and Asia, including closely related causes of death such as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and pneumonia. DESIGN: Deaths related to HIV/AIDS were extracted from individual demographic and VA data from 22 INDEPTH sites across Africa and Asia. VA data were standardised to WHO 2012 standard causes of death assigned using the InterVA-4 model. Between-site comparisons of mortality rates were standardised using the INDEPTH 2013 standard population. RESULTS: The dataset covered a total of 10,773 deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS, observed over 12,204,043 person-years. HIV/AIDS-related mortality fractions and mortality rates varied widely across Africa and Asia, with highest burdens in eastern and southern Africa, and lowest burdens in Asia. There was evidence of rapidly declining rates at the sites with the heaviest burdens. HIV/AIDS mortality was also strongly related to PTB mortality. On a country basis, there were strong similarities between HIV/AIDS mortality rates at INDEPTH sites and those derived from modelled estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring HIV/AIDS-related mortality continues to be a challenging issue, all the more so as anti-retroviral treatment programmes alleviate mortality risks. The congruence between these results and other estimates adds plausibility to both approaches. These data, covering some of the highest mortality observed during the pandemic, will be an important baseline for understanding the future decline of HIV/AIDS.

Published
2014

48. Malaria mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Diboulo, E, Sie, A, Ye, M, Compaore, Y, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Jaeger, F, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Melaku, YA, Mulugeta, A, Weldearegawi, B, Gomez, P, Jasseh, M, Hodgson, A, Oduro, A, Welaga, P, Williams, J, Awini, E, Binka, FN, Gyapong, M, Kant, S, Misra, P, Srivastava, R, Chaudhary, B, Juvekar, S, Wahab, A, Wilopo, S, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Hamel, MJ, Lindblade, KA, Odhiambo, FO, Slutsker, L, Ezeh, A, Kyobutungi, C, Wamukoya, M, Delaunay, V, Diallo, A, Douillot, L, Sokhna, C, Gomez-Olive, FX, Kabudula, CW, Mee, P, Herbst, K, Mossong, J, Chuc, NTK, Arthur, SS, Sankoh, OA, Tanner, M, Byass, P, Streatfield, PK, Khan, WA, Bhuiya, A, Hanifi, SMA, Alam, N, Diboulo, E, Sie, A, Ye, M, Compaore, Y, Soura, AB, Bonfoh, B, Jaeger, F, Ngoran, EK, Utzinger, J, Melaku, YA, Mulugeta, A, Weldearegawi, B, Gomez, P, Jasseh, M, Hodgson, A, Oduro, A, Welaga, P, Williams, J, Awini, E, Binka, FN, Gyapong, M, Kant, S, Misra, P, Srivastava, R, Chaudhary, B, Juvekar, S, Wahab, A, Wilopo, S, Bauni, E, Mochamah, G, Ndila, C, Williams, TN, Hamel, MJ, Lindblade, KA, Odhiambo, FO, Slutsker, L, Ezeh, A, Kyobutungi, C, Wamukoya, M, Delaunay, V, Diallo, A, Douillot, L, Sokhna, C, Gomez-Olive, FX, Kabudula, CW, Mee, P, Herbst, K, Mossong, J, Chuc, NTK, Arthur, SS, Sankoh, OA, Tanner, M, and Byass, P

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Malaria continues to be a major cause of infectious disease mortality in tropical regions. However, deaths from malaria are most often not individually documented, and as a result overall understanding of malaria epidemiology is inadequate. INDEPTH Network members maintain population surveillance in Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites across Africa and Asia, in which individual deaths are followed up with verbal autopsies. OBJECTIVE: To present patterns of malaria mortality determined by verbal autopsy from INDEPTH sites across Africa and Asia, comparing these findings with other relevant information on malaria in the same regions. DESIGN: From a database covering 111,910 deaths over 12,204,043 person-years in 22 sites, in which verbal autopsy data were handled according to the WHO 2012 standard and processed using the InterVA-4 model, over 6,000 deaths were attributed to malaria. The overall period covered was 1992-2012, but two-thirds of the observations related to 2006-2012. These deaths were analysed by site, time period, age group and sex to investigate epidemiological differences in malaria mortality. RESULTS: Rates of malaria mortality varied by 1:10,000 across the sites, with generally low rates in Asia (one site recording no malaria deaths over 0.5 million person-years) and some of the highest rates in West Africa (Nouna, Burkina Faso: 2.47 per 1,000 person-years). Childhood malaria mortality rates were strongly correlated with Malaria Atlas Project estimates of Plasmodium falciparum parasite rates for the same locations. Adult malaria mortality rates, while lower than corresponding childhood rates, were strongly correlated with childhood rates at the site level. CONCLUSIONS: The wide variations observed in malaria mortality, which were nevertheless consistent with various other estimates, suggest that population-based registration of deaths using verbal autopsy is a useful approach to understanding the details of malaria epidemiolo

Published
2014

50. Intégration de la gestion du paludisme dans l'entreprise rizicole en Côte d'Ivoire

Author

Meda, L-Y.B., Masengo, R.K., Dao, D., Silué, K., Traoré, S., Kouamé, P.K., Djané, A., Antoine-Moussiaux, N., and Bonfoh, B.

Abstract

L’élimination du paludisme nécessite de nouvelles approches et de nouveaux partenariats. Une analyse des interactions entre le paludisme et la riziculture pourrait susciter une implication des acteurs de la filière riz dans la lutte contre le paludisme.

Published
2023
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