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1. Multistep procedure for estimating non-linear soil response in low seismicity areas—a case study of Lucerne, Switzerland.

Author

Janusz, Paulina, Bergamo, Paolo, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Panzera, Francesco, Roten, Daniel, Loviknes, Karina, and Fäh, Donat

Subjects
EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis, GROUND motion, CONE penetration tests, THEORY of wave motion, SOILS
Abstract

The impact of non-linear soil behaviour on seismic hazard in low-to-moderate seismicity areas is often neglected; however, it may become relevant for long return periods. In this study, we used fully non-linear 1-D simulations to estimate the site-specific non-linear soil response in the low seismicity area, using the city of Lucerne in Switzerland as an example. The constitutive model considers the development of pore pressure excess and requires calibration of complex soil models, including the soil dilatancy parameters. In the absence of laboratory measurements, we mainly used the cone penetration test data to estimate the model variables and perform inversion for the dilatancy parameters. Our findings, using Swiss building code-compatible input ground motions, suggest a high probability of strong non-linear behaviour and the possibility of liquefaction at high ground motion levels in the case study area. While the non-linearity observations from strong-motion recordings are not available in Lucerne, the comparison with empirical data from other sites and other methods shows similarity with our predictions. Moreover, we show that the site response modelled is largely influenced by the strong pore pressure effects produced in thin sandy water-saturated layers. In addition, we demonstrate that the variability of the results due to the input motion and the soil parameters is significant, but within reasonable bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. International Benchmark on Numerical Simulations for 1D, Nonlinear Site Response (PRENOLIN): Verification Phase Based on Canonical CasesInternational Benchmark on Numerical Simulations for 1D, Nonlinear Site Response (PRENOLIN)

Author

Régnier, Julie, Bonilla, Luis‐Fabian, Bard, Pierre‐Yves, Bertrand, Etienne, Hollender, Fabrice, Kawase, Hiroshi, Sicilia, Deborah, Arduino, Pedro, Amorosi, Angelo, Asimaki, Domniki, Boldini, Daniela, Chen, Long, Chiaradonna, Anna, DeMartin, Florent, Ebrille, Marco, Elgamal, Ahmed, Falcone, Gaetano, Foerster, Evelyne, Foti, Sebastiano, Garini, Evangelia, Gazetas, George, Gélis, Céline, Ghofrani, Alborz, Giannakou, Amalia, Gingery, James R, Glinsky, Nathalie, Harmon, Joseph, Hashash, Youssef, Iai, Susumu, Jeremić, Boris, Kramer, Steve, Kontoe, Stavroula, Kristek, Jozef, Lanzo, Giuseppe, di Lernia, Annamaria, Lopez‐Caballero, Fernando, Marot, Marianne, McAllister, Graeme, Mercerat, E Diego, Moczo, Peter, Montoya‐Noguera, Silvana, Musgrove, Michael, Nieto‐Ferro, Alex, Pagliaroli, Alessandro, Pisanò, Federico, Richterova, Aneta, Sajana, Suwal, d'Avila, Maria Paola Santisi, Shi, Jian, Silvestri, Francesco, Taiebat, Tropeano, Giuseppe, Verrucci, Luca, and Watanabe, Kohei

Subjects
Geophysics, Civil Engineering, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abstract

PREdiction of NOn-LINear soil behavior (PRENOLIN) is an international benchmark aiming to test multiple numerical simulation codes that are capable of predicting nonlinear seismic site response with various constitutive models. One of the objectives of this project is the assessment of the uncertainties associated with nonlinear simulation of 1D site effects. A first verification phase (i.e., comparison between numerical codes on simple idealistic cases) will be followed by a validation phase, comparing the predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strongmotion recordings obtained at well-known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 23 different computational codes. We present here the main results of the verification phase dealing with simple cases. Three different idealized soil profiles were tested over a wide range of shear strains with different input motions and different boundary conditions at the sediment/bedrock interface. A first iteration focusing on the elastic and viscoelastic cases was proved to be useful to ensure a common understanding and to identify numerical issues before pursuing the nonlinear modeling. Besides minor mistakes in the implementation of input parameters and output units, the initial discrepancies between the numerical results can be attributed to (1) different understanding of the expression “input motion” in different communities, and (2) different implementations of material damping and possible numerical energy dissipation. The second round of computations thus allowed a convergence of all teams to the Haskell–Thomson analytical solution in elastic and viscoelastic cases. For nonlinear computations, we investigate the epistemic uncertainties related only to wave propagation modeling using different nonlinear constitutive models. Such epistemic uncertainties are shown to increase with the strain level and to reach values around 0.2 (log10 scale) for a peak ground acceleration of 5 m=s2 at the base of the soil column, which may be reduced by almost 50% when the various constitutive models used the same shear strength and damping implementation.

Published
2016

3. Strong seismic motions estimated from a one direction-three components ('1d-3c') approach, application to the city of rome, italy

Author

D'Avila, Maria Paola Santisi, Lenti, Luca, Semblat, Jean-François, Gandomzadeh, Ali, Martino, Salvatore, and Bonilla, Luis Fabian

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Strong seismic motions in soils generally lead to both a stiffness reduction and an increase of the energy dissipation in the surficial layers. In order to study such phenomena, several nonlinear constitutive models were proposed and were generally implemented for 1D soil columns. However, one of the main difficulties of complex rheologies is the large number of parameters needed to describe the model. In this sense, the multi-surface cyclic plasticity approach, developed by Iwan in 1967 but linked to Prandtl or Preisach theoretical work, is an interesting choice: the only data needed is the modulus reduction curve. Past studies have generally implemented such models for one-directional shear wave propagation in a "1D" soil column considering one motion component only ("1C"). Conversely, this work aims at studying strong motion amplification by considering seismic wave propagation in a "1D" soil column accounting for the influence of the 3D loading path on the nonlinear behavior of each soil layer. In the "1D-3C" approach, the three components (3C) of the outcrop motion are simultaneously propagated into a horizontally layered soil for which a three-dimensional constitutive relation is used (Finite Element Method). The alluvial site considered in this study corresponds to the Tiber River Valley, close to the historical centre of Rome (Italy). The computations are performed considering the waveforms referred as the 14th October 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake, recorded on outcropping bedrock. Time histories and stress-strain hysteretic loops are computed all along the soil column. The octahedral stress, the strain-depth profiles and the transfer functions in acceleration (surface/outcrop spectral ratios) are estimated for the 1D-1C and the 1D-3C approaches, evidencing the influence of the three-dimensional loading path., Comment: 5th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Chile (2011)

Published
2014

4. Nonstationary Stochastic Simulation of Strong Ground-Motion Time Histories : Application to the Japanese Database

Author

Laurendeau, Aurore, Cotton, Fabrice, and Bonilla, Luis Fabian

Subjects
Statistics - Applications, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

For earthquake-resistant design, engineering seismologists employ time-history analysis for nonlinear simulations. The nonstationary stochastic method previously developed by Pousse et al. (2006) has been updated. This method has the advantage of being both simple, fast and taking into account the basic concepts of seismology (Brune's source, realistic time envelope function, nonstationarity and ground-motion variability). Time-domain simulations are derived from the signal spectrogram and depend on few ground-motion parameters: Arias intensity, significant relative duration and central frequency. These indicators are obtained from empirical attenuation equations that relate them to the magnitude of the event, the source-receiver distance, and the site conditions. We improve the nonstationary stochastic method by using new functional forms (new surface rock dataset, analysis of both intra-event and inter-event residuals, consideration of the scaling relations and VS30), by assessing the central frequency with S-transform and by better considering the stress drop variability., Comment: 10 pages; 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon : Portugal (2012)

Published
2012

7. Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Nonlinearity in Soils Using Advanced Laboratory-Scaled Models (ENINALS Project): From a Site-Test to a Centrifuge Model

Author

Bozzano, Francesca, Martino, Salvatore, Prestininzi, Alberto, Scarascia-Mugnozza, Gabriele, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Bretschneider, Alberto, Chazelas, Jean Louis, Escoffier, Sandra, Lenti, Luca, Semblat, Jean-François, Ansal, Atilla, Series editor, Taucer, Fabio, editor, and Apostolska, Roberta, editor

Published
2015
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11. Ground motion simulations in Quito (Ecuador) due to major earthquakes from the subduction zone

Author

Courboulex, Françoise, Castro Cruz, David Alejandro, Laurendeau, Aurore, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Alvarado, Alexandra, Bertrand, Etienne, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Bureau d'évaluation des risques sismiques pour la sûreté des installations (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN/BERSSIN), Service de caractérisation des sites et des aléas naturels (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Université Gustave Eiffel, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), ANR-15-CE04-0004,REMAKE,Risque sismique en Equateur: réduction, anticipation, connaissance des séismes(2015), and ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015)

Subjects
South america, Site effects, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Earthquake ground motions
Abstract

International audience; Summary In 1906, an earthquake with a magnitude estimated between Mw 8.4 and 8.8 occurred in the subduction zone along the coast of Ecuador and Colombia. This earthquake caused extensive damage on the coast but had a rather small impact on the capital city of Quito, situated 180 km away. At that time, the city of Quito extended over a small area with a few thousand inhabitants, while today it stretches over 40 km and has a population of over 3 million, with most of the city built without paraseismic regulations. The aim of this study is to obtain new insights on the impact that large earthquakes from the subduction zone would have on the city today. This question is crucial since we know that the city of Quito is prone to site effects and that the southern part of the city amplifies seismic waves at low frequencies, around 0.3-0.4 Hz (Laurendeau et al., 2017). In April 2016, an Mw 7.8 earthquake occurred on the subduction interface in the Pedernales area. This event was the first large earthquake in the city of Quito to be well recorded by 13 stations of the permanent accelerometric network (RENAC). In this study, we take advantage of this dataset (mainshock and large aftershock recordings) to (1) test an empirical Green's function blind simulation approach where the input stress drop is taken from a global catalog of source time functions, (2) compare the synthetic accelerograms and ground motion values we obtain for an Mw 7.8 earthquake with the actual recordings of the Pedernales earthquake, and then (3) simulate larger earthquakes of Mw 8.2 and Mw 8.5 from the subduction zone. For Mw 7.8 simulations, our approach allows a good reproduction of the ground motions in the whole frequency bands and properly takes into account site effects. For Mw 8.2 and Mw 8.5 simulations, we obtain for the stations in the southern part of the basin, larger values at low frequencies than the predicted motion given by Ground Motion Models (GMMs). These values, although high, should be supported by new or recent buildings if they are constructed respecting the building code that applies in Quito. Therefore, for this type of strong but distant earthquake, the seismic standards appear to be well suited and it is imperative to ensure that they are well considered in the design of the new buildings to be constructed, especially in the southern part of the expanding city.

Published
2022
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14. Calibration of soil dilatancy parameters using CPT data – the case of Lucerne in central Switzerland

Author

Janusz, Paulina, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Perron, Vincent, Fäh, Donat, Arion, Cristian, Scupin, Alexandra, and Ţigănescu, Alexandru

Subjects
Site effects, Nonlinear soil behaviour, Cyclic mobility, Inverse problem
Abstract

While assessing seismic hazard for strong ground motion, non-linear soil behaviour has to be considered. However, the realistic modelling of the non-linear wave propagation requires defining complex soil models and calibration of several parameters including the soil dilatancy parameters if the effects of pore pressure excess development are taken into account. Typically, they are calibrated using triaxial experiment or trial and error method. In this study, we test the procedure by Roten (2014), in which the dilatancy parameters are calibrated using CPT data with the Neighbourhood inversion algorithm. We use the data from the city of Lucerne in Switzerland located on a very soft sedimentary basin prone to strong site effects and liquefaction. Based on synthetic tests, we conclude that the initial set of dilatancy parameters can be recovered using the presented procedure, however, in some cases, the problem is non-unique. The experiments on real data also allow obtaining realistic results but it is important to define a reasonable search range for each dilatancy parameter and calibrate the inversion algorithm to explore extensively the model space. We will investigate the influence of the obtained dilatancy parameters on the ground-motion modeling.

Published
2022

16. Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Nonlinearity in Soils Using Advanced Laboratory-Scaled Models (ENINALS Project): From a Site-Test to a Centrifuge Model

Author

Bozzano, Francesca, primary, Martino, Salvatore, additional, Prestininzi, Alberto, additional, Scarascia-Mugnozza, Gabriele, additional, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, additional, Bretschneider, Alberto, additional, Chazelas, Jean Louis, additional, Escoffier, Sandra, additional, Lenti, Luca, additional, and Semblat, Jean-François, additional

Published
2015
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25. Simulation of rockfall generated seismic signals and the influence of surface topography

Author

Kuehnert, Julian, primary, Mangeney, Anne, additional, Capdeville, Yann, additional, Métaxian, Jean-Philippe, additional, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, additional, Stutzmann, Eleonore, additional, Chaljub, Emmanuel, additional, BOISSIER, Patrice, additional, Brunet, Christophe, additional, KOWALSKI, Philippe, additional, Lauret, Frédéric, additional, and Hibert, Clément, additional

Published
2020
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26. Are subduction earthquakes a threat for Quito, capital of Ecuador, located ~170 km from the coast?

Author

Courboulex, F., Castro Cruz, David Alejandro, Laurendeau, Aurore, Alvarado, Alexandra, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Bertrand, Etienne, Mercerat, Diego, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Instituto Geofísico (IG), Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Séismes et Vibrations (IFSTTAR/GERS/SV), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Equipe-projet MOUVGS (Cerema Equipe-projet MOUVGS), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), ANR-15-CE04-0004,REMAKE,Risque sismique en Equateur: réduction, anticipation, connaissance des séismes(2015), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Communauté Université Paris-Est-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
South america, Ground motion simulations, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Quito risk, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Seismology Earthquake source observations 1240, Seismic hazards
Abstract

International audience; The city of Quito (3M inhabitants), capital of Ecuador, is prone to seismic hazard and the associated risk is increasing due to its growing. The city has been damaged several times in the past by earthquakes that occurred on crustal faults around Quito or in the Cordillera (Beauval et al., 2010). As far as we know, the earthquakes that occurred along the subduction’s interface have never strongly damaged Quito: such as the recent Pedernales earthquake (Mw 7.8, 2016) and also the largest known earthquake of Ecuador, the Esmeraldas earthquake (Mw> 8.4, 1906). Nevertheless, can we be certain that very large subduction earthquakes could not treat the city of Quito (which extension is much larger than in 1906)? This question is particularly important since the recent discovery of a clear site effect in the southern part of the city that amplifies seismic waves (Laurendeau et al., 2017) at low frequencies (around 0.3Hz) and the future urban planning that considers high-rise buildings due to the saturation of usable land in the valley.In order to investigate this question, we propose a simple method for estimating reliable values of ground motions due to a future earthquake and its variability. The method is based on a scheme of summation of small earthquakes used as empirical Green’s functions, combined with constraints given by a global data base of STF (source time functions, SCARDEC database, Vallée et al., 2013). In this approach we use the mean value and the variability of the STF duration obtained in subduction domains (Courboulex et al, 2016) as constraints for the source variability. Indeed, STF duration naturally includes the effects of stress-drop, rupture velocity and it is independent of the source model. In a first step, we test and validate the approach by simulating the ground motions in Quito generated by a Mw 7.8 earthquake, similar to the Pedernales earthquake that occurred on April 16th 2016 along the subduction zone. This event and its largest aftershocks have been well recorded by 18 permanent accelerometric stations (RENAC network) and then allowed us to compare the blind simulation and the Pedernales data. The good results obtained pushed us to simulate a larger earthquake, M=8.5 in the same zone. We considered 4 different simple scenarios with one to three sub-events and a propagation of the rupture towards the south and towards the north. At high frequencies (PGA), the values obtained are not very high (PGA < 0.2g) and are comparable to the predictions using Abrahamson et al. (2016) ground motion prediction equations. However, at lower frequencies, the ground motion values are much stronger than expected, especially in the south of the basin. These results could be taken into account in the building codes to avoid possible future destructions of infrastructures that may resonate at these low frequencies.References : Beauval, C., Yepes, et al. (2010). Locations and magnitudes of historical earthquakes in the Sierra of Ecuador (1587–1996). GJI. / Courboulex, et al. (2016). Stress drop variability of shallow earthquakes extracted from a global database of STF. SRL/ Laurendeau, et al. (2017). Low‐Frequency Seismic Amplification in the Quito Basin (Ecuador), BSSA, /Vallée, M. (2013). Source time function properties... Nat. Com.

Published
2019

28. Effects of Nonlinear Soil Behavior on Kappa (κ): Observations from the KiK-Net Database.

Author

Chunyang Ji, Cabas, Ashly, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, and Gelis, Céline

Abstract

Soil nonlinear behavior is often triggered in soft sedimentary deposits subjected to strong ground shaking and has led to catastrophic damage to civil infrastructure in many past earthquakes. Nonlinear behavior in soils is associated with large shear strains, increased material damping ratio, and reduced stiffness. However, most investigations of the high-frequency spectral decay parameter κ⁠, which captures attenuation, have focused on low-intensity ground motions inducing only small shear strains. Because studies of the applicability of the κ model when larger deformations are induced are limited, this article investigates the behavior of κ (both κr per record and site-specific κ0 estimates) beyond the linear-elastic regime. About 20 stations from the Kiban–Kyoshin network database, with time-average shear-wave velocities in the upper 30 m between 213 and 626  m/s⁠, are used in this study. We find that the classification scheme used to identify ground motions that trigger soil nonlinear behavior biases estimates of κ0 in the linear and nonlinear regimes. A hybrid method to overcome such bias is proposed considering proxies for in situ deformation (via the shear-strain index) and ground shaking intensity (via peak ground acceleration). Our findings show that soil nonlinearity affects κr and κ0 estimates, but this influence is station dependent. Most κ0 at our sites had a 5%–20% increase at the onset of soil nonlinear behavior. Velocity gradients and impedance contrasts influence the degree of soil nonlinearity and its effects on κr and κ0⁠. Moreover, we observe that other complexities in the wave propagation phenomenon (e.g., scattering and amplifications in the high-frequency range) impose challenges to the application of the κ0 model, including the estimation of negative values of κr⁠. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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29. Detailed space–time variations of the seismic response of the shallow crust to small earthquakes from analysis of dense array data.

Author

Bonilla, Luis Fabian and Ben-Zion, Yehuda

Subjects
*SEISMIC response, *EARTHQUAKES, *SPACETIME, *SHEAR waves, *SAGEBRUSH, *MICROSEISMS
Abstract

We compute high-resolution space–time variations of subsurface seismic properties from autocorrelation functions (ACF's) of noise and local earthquakes, recorded by the Sage Brush Flat dense array deployed around the Clark branch of the San Jacinto fault. The resolved temporal changes are referred to as apparent velocity changes because they reflect both nonlinear response and variations of material properties such as cracking and damage. Apparent velocity changes are estimated at four frequency bands (10–15, 10–20, 15–30 and 20–40 Hz) for two local earthquake data sets. In one analysis, ACF's from P - and S -wave windows of 31 small events with magnitudes below 3.1 are used to compute the apparent velocity variations with respect to the mean ACF of each phase, and we also use the mean ACF of noise data as reference to estimate the changes. In a further analysis, the temporal evolution of properties is computed using moving time windows in continuous waveform over one-hour long data with noise and earthquake signals. The apparent velocity changes and recovery times are frequency dependent and present a strong spatial variability across the array. The resolved changes are larger and recovery time shorter with data associated with higher frequencies. At frequencies larger than 15 Hz, and using the mean ACF of noise data as a reference, the apparent average velocity changes across the array during the passage of the P and S waves from the small local events are 2.5 per cent and 6 per cent, respectively. The apparent velocity changes decrease by one order of magnitude when the earthquake data are used as a reference. The relatively large changes in response to very low ground motion have important implications on nonlinear processes involving degradation and healing of the subsurface material during common earthquake shaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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33. PRENOLIN PROJECT: RESULTS OF THE VALIDATION PHASE AT SENDAI SITE

Author

Régnier, Julie, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Bard, Pierre-Yves, Kawase, Hiroshi, Bertrand, Etienne, Hollender, Fabrice, Sicilia, Deborah, Nozu, Atsushi, Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Equipe-projet MOUVGS (Cerema Equipe-projet MOUVGS), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Disaster Prevention Research Institute, University of Kyoto (DPRI), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), EDF Ceidre TEGG, Port and Harbour Research Institute (PARI), ANR-11-RSNR-0022,SINAPS@,Séisme et Installation Nucléaire -Améliorer et Pérenniser la Sûreté(2011), Bard, Pierre-Yves, and Séisme et Installation Nucléaire -Améliorer et Pérenniser la Sûreté - - SINAPS@2011 - ANR-11-RSNR-0022 - RSNR - VALID

Subjects
validation, Non-linear site response analysis, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Sendai site
Abstract

International audience; One of the objectives of the PRENOLIN project is the assessment of uncertainties associated with non-linear simulation of 1D site effects. An international benchmark is underway to test several numerical codes, including various non-linear soil constitutive models, to compute the non-linear seismic site response. The preliminary verification phase (i.e. comparison between numerical codes on simple, idealistic cases) is now followed by the validation phase, which compares predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strong motion data recorded from well-known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 21 different non-linear computations. Extensive site characterization was performed at three sites of the Japanese KiK-net and PARI networks. This paper focuses on SENDAI site. The first results indicate that a careful analysis of the data for the lab measurement is required. The linear site response is overestimated while the non-linear effects are underestimated in the first iteration. According to these observations, a first set of recommendations for defining the non-linear soil parameters from lab measurements is proposed. PRENOLIN is part of two larger projects: SINAPS@, funded by the ANR (French National Research Agency) and SIGMA, funded by a consortium of nuclear operators (EDF, CEA, AREVA, ENL).

Published
2017

34. PRENOLIN: International Benchmark on 1D Nonlinear Site‐Response Analysis—Validation Phase Exercise

Author

Régnier, Julie, primary, Bonilla, Luis‐Fabian, additional, Bard, Pierre‐Yves, additional, Bertrand, Etienne, additional, Hollender, Fabrice, additional, Kawase, Hiroshi, additional, Sicilia, Deborah, additional, Arduino, Pedro, additional, Amorosi, Angelo, additional, Asimaki, Dominiki, additional, Boldini, Daniela, additional, Chen, Long, additional, Chiaradonna, Anna, additional, DeMartin, Florent, additional, Elgamal, Ahmed, additional, Falcone, Gaetano, additional, Foerster, Evelyne, additional, Foti, Sebastiano, additional, Garini, Evangelia, additional, Gazetas, George, additional, Gélis, Céline, additional, Ghofrani, Alborz, additional, Giannakou, Amalia, additional, Gingery, James, additional, Glinsky, Nathalie, additional, Harmon, Joseph, additional, Hashash, Youssef, additional, Iai, Susumu, additional, Kramer, Steve, additional, Kontoe, Stavroula, additional, Kristek, Jozef, additional, Lanzo, Giuseppe, additional, Lernia, Annamaria di, additional, Lopez‐Caballero, Fernando, additional, Marot, Marianne, additional, McAllister, Graeme, additional, Diego Mercerat, E., additional, Moczo, Peter, additional, Montoya‐Noguera, Silvana, additional, Musgrove, Michael, additional, Nieto‐Ferro, Alex, additional, Pagliaroli, Alessandro, additional, Passeri, Federico, additional, Richterova, Aneta, additional, Sajana, Suwal, additional, Santisi d’Avila, Maria Paola, additional, Shi, Jian, additional, Silvestri, Francesco, additional, Taiebat, Mahdi, additional, Tropeano, Giuseppe, additional, Vandeputte, Didrik, additional, and Verrucci, Luca, additional

Published
2018
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35. Low‐Frequency Seismic Amplification in the Quito Basin (Ecuador) Revealed by Accelerometric Recordings of the RENAC Network

Author

Laurendeau, Aurore, primary, Courboulex, Françoise, additional, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, additional, Alvarado, Alexandra, additional, Naya, Victor Alfonso, additional, Guéguen, Philippe, additional, Mercerat, E. Diego, additional, Singaucho, Juan Carlos, additional, Bertrand, Etienne, additional, Perrault, Matthieu, additional, Barros, Juan Gabriel, additional, and Ruiz, Mario, additional

Published
2017
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37. Projet PRENOLIN banc d'essai international sur l'analyse numérique des effets de site 1D non-linéaire. Résultat de la phase de validation

Author

Julie, Régnier, Bonilla, Luis-Fabian, Bard, Pierre-Yves, Kawase, Hiroshi, Bertrand, Etienne, Hollender, Fabrice, Marot, Marianne, Sicillia, Déborah, Nozu, Atsudhi, Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Géosciences Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AFPS / IFSTTAR, Bard, Pierre-Yves, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
validation, Japon, modélisation numérique, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], non-linéaire, Site effects, KiKnet, non-linear, numerical modelling, [SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], effets de site, KiK-net
Abstract

One of the objectives of the PRENOLIN project is the assessment of uncertainties associated with non-linear simulation of 1D site effects. An international benchmark is underway to test several numerical codes computing the non-linear seismic site response, including various non-linear soil constitutive models. The preliminary verification phase (i.e. comparison between numerical codes on simple, idealistic cases) is now followed by the validation phase, which compares predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strong motion data recorded from well-known sites. The benchmark involves 21 teams dealing with 21 different non-linear computations. Extensive site characterization was performed at three sites of the Japanese KiK-net and PARI networks. The first results indicate that the linear site response is overestimated while the non-linear effects are underestimated. At the end of this phase, most of the epistemic uncertainty sources for non-linear site response analysis is recognized as due to the constitutive model linked to the interpretation of the soil data. PRENOLIN is part of two larger projects: SINAPS@, funded by the ANR (French National Research Agency) and SIGMA, funded by a consortium of nuclear operators (EDF, CEA, AREVA, ENL)., L'un des objectifs du projet PRENOLIN est d'évaluer les incertitudes épistémiques associées au calcul des effets de site 1-D non-linéaire. Le projet consiste en un banc d'essai international permettant de tester de nombreuses méthodes numériques de calcul de la réponse des sites incluant différents modèles constitutifs tenant compte du comportement non-linéaire du sol sous chargement cyclique. La phase de vérification (i.e. comparaison entre les modèles numériques et des cas canoniques) est suivie d'une phase de validation dans laquelle les résultats des approches numériques sont comparés à des enregistrements de séismes sur des sites réels bien caractérisés. 21 équipes participent au banc d'essai testant 21 codes. Les trois sites sélectionnés pour la phase de validation proviennent des réseaux accélérométriques japonais KiK-net et PARI. Les premiers résultats ont montré que le comportement non-linéaire des sols avait été sous-estimés et qu'une analyse précise et une calibration des résultats des essais en laboratoire avec des données in-situ était nécessaire. La plupart de l'incertitude épistémique provient des incertitudes sur les données d'entrées (mesure en laboratoire et interprétation) ainsi que modèle constitutif utilisé. Ce banc d'essai est conjointement financé par le projet ANR Sinaps@ et le projet SIGMA (EDF, CEA, AREVA & ENL)

Published
2015

38. Modeling of 1D wave propagation in nonlinear soils using the elasto-plastic Iwan model by four numerical schemes

Author

Mercerat, Diego, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, De Martin, Florent, Delavaud, Elise, Glinsky, Nathalie, Kristek, Jozef, Moczo, Peter, Oral, Elif, Richterova, Aneta, Santisi D'Avila, Maria Paola, Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Equipe-projet MOUVGS (Cerema Equipe-projet MOUVGS), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Séismes et Vibrations (IFSTTAR/GERS/SV), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics [Bratislava] (FMPH/UNIBA), Comenius University in Bratislava, Geophysical Institute, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - Faculté des Sciences (UNS UFR Sciences), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SPI.GCIV.GEOTECH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation
Abstract

International audience; The international project PRENOLIN is focused on verification and validation of numerical codes for ground motion simulations including nonlinear soil rheologies. In this particular study, we present implementations of the elasto-plastic Iwan model (Iwan, 1967) into numerical schemes based on finite-difference, finite element, spectral element and discontinuous Galerkin methods, and results based on test numerical simulations. We study the amplification of ground motion in a soft layer with nonlinear behavior overlying a halfspace with linear behavior. We assume a vertically incident plane SH wave with source-time function given by a Gabor wavelet. We include different amplitude levels and frequency ranges. Special attention is given to the hysteresis loops and the reversal points in the stress-strain plane, and their effects on the computed seismograms and corresponding transfer functions. We compare key aspects of the individual numerical schemes and methods, and their advantages and disadvantages.

Published
2015

39. In Situ Assessment of the G-³ Curve for Characterizing the Nonlinear Response of Soil: Application to the Garner Valley Downhole Array and the Wildlife Liquefaction Array

Author

CHANDRA, Johanes, GUEGUEN, Philippe, STEIDL, Jamison, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Séismes et Vibrations (IFSTTAR/GERS/SV), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Earth Research Institute - University of California, and parent

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, CALIFORNIE, SOL, NONLINEAR RESPONSE, SIMULATION, MODULE DE CISAILLEMENT, WLRDA, SISMIQUE, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

We analyze the nonlinear and near-surface geological effects of two Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation at University of California, Santa Barbara (NEES@UCSB) instrumented sites: the Garner Valley Downhole Array (GVDA) and the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA). The seismic interferometry by deconvolution method is applied to earthquake data recorded by the multisensor vertical array between January 2005 and September 2013. Along the cross section, local shear-wave velocity is extracted by estimating travel time between sensors. The S-wave velocity profiles are constructed and compared with classical in situ geophysical surveys. We show that velocity values change according to the amplitude of the ground motion, and we find anisotropy between east-west and north-south directions at the GVDA site. The ratio between average peak particle velocity v*and local S-wave velocity Vs between two boreholes is tested as a deformation proxy. Using average peak particle acceleration a*, the a* versus v*/Vs curve is used to represent the stress-strain curve for observing the site's nonlinear responses under different levels of excitation. Nonlinearity is observed from quite low shear-strain levels (

Published
2015
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40. International Benchmark on Numerical Simulations for 1D, Nonlinear Site Response (PRENOLIN): Verification Phase Based on Canonical Cases

Author

Régnier, Julie (author), Bonilla, Luis-Fabian (author), Bard, Pierre-Yves (author), Bertrand, Etienne (author), Hollender, Fabrice (author), Kawase, Hiroshi (author), Sicilia, Deborah (author), Arduino, Pedro (author), Amorosi, Angelo (author), Asimaki, Dominiki (author), Pisano, F. (author), Régnier, Julie (author), Bonilla, Luis-Fabian (author), Bard, Pierre-Yves (author), Bertrand, Etienne (author), Hollender, Fabrice (author), Kawase, Hiroshi (author), Sicilia, Deborah (author), Arduino, Pedro (author), Amorosi, Angelo (author), Asimaki, Dominiki (author), and Pisano, F. (author)

Abstract

PREdiction of NOn‐LINear soil behavior (PRENOLIN) is an international benchmark aiming to test multiple numerical simulation codes that are capable of predicting nonlinear seismic site response with various constitutive models. One of the objectives of this project is the assessment of the uncertainties associated with nonlinear simulation of 1D site effects. A first verification phase (i.e., comparison between numerical codes on simple idealistic cases) will be followed by a validation phase, comparing the predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strong‐motion recordings obtained at well‐known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 23 different computational codes. We present here the main results of the verification phase dealing with simple cases. Three different idealized soil profiles were tested over a wide range of shear strains with different input motions and different boundary conditions at the sediment/bedrock interface. A first iteration focusing on the elastic and viscoelastic cases was proved to be useful to ensure a common understanding and to identify numerical issues before pursuing the nonlinear modeling. Besides minor mistakes in the implementation of input parameters and output units, the initial discrepancies between the numerical results can be attributed to (1) different understanding of the expression “input motion” in different communities, and (2) different implementations of material damping and possible numerical energy dissipation. The second round of computations thus allowed a convergence of all teams to the Haskell–Thomson analytical solution in elastic and viscoelastic cases. For nonlinear computations, we investigate the epistemic uncertainties related only to wave propagation modeling using different nonlinear constitutive models. Such epistemic uncertainties are shown to increase with the strain level and to reach values around 0.2 (log10 scale) for a peak ground acceleration of 5 m/s2 at the b, Geo-engineering

Published
2016
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41. Comparison of Soil Nonlinearity (In Situ Stress-Strain Relation and G/Gmax Reduction) Observed in Strong-Motion Databases and Modeled in Ground-Motion Prediction Equations.

Author

Guéguen, Philippe, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, and Douglas, John

Abstract

Earthquake ground motions are strongly affected by the upper tens of meters of the Earth's crust and consequently local site effects need to be included in any ground-motion prediction. In ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs), it is increasingly common to account for possible nonlinear behavior of near-surface materials (soil). These nonlinear site terms adjust observations made on soft soil sites to the ground motion expected on bedrock and hence allow these abundant soil records to be used within the regression analysis for the derivation of empirical GMPEs. These nonlinear site terms also allow rapid predictions of the expected ground motions on soil rather than requiring a site-response analysis to be conducted. In this study, we compare the signature on observed peak ground acceleration as a function of a strain proxy of nonlinear soil behavior within four large strong-motion databases to the predicted signature from four recent GMPEs, three of which explicitly include nonlinear site terms. We find that observed nonlinearity in the databases, interpreted in terms of strain-stress relationships and reduction of shear modulus, is limited, but even this limited effect is underestimated by the nonlinear site terms of the considered GMPEs, which suggests that predictions from these GMPEs could be biased for soft soil sites but also on bedrock. Some of this mismatch could be explained by the use of the average shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m (VS30) to characterize sites as well as errors in these values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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42. A set of Eurocode 8-compatible synthetic time-series as input to dynamic analysis

Author

Laurendeau, Aurore, Causse, Mathieu, Guéguen, Philippe, Perrault, Mathieu, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Douglas, John, Risques, Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Séismes et Vibrations (IFSTTAR/GERS/SV), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), This work was sponsored by the Ministry of Sustainable Development through the French Accelerometric Network working group (Seismic ground motion for engineering)., GEM Global GMPEs, Risques (Risques), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Douglas, John, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
spectrum-compatible time-histories, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, nonlinear site response, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], structural response, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Eurocode 8(EC8), Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

International audience; Non-linear dynamic analysis of existing or planned structures often requires the use of accelerograms that match a target design spectrum. Here, our main concern is to generate a set of motions with a good level of fit to the Eurocode 8 (EC8) design spectra for France. Synthetic time series are generated by means of a non-stationary stochastic method. To calibrate the distributions of various strong-motion parameters, we first select a reference set of accelerograms for a type B site category from the PEER Ground-Motion Database, which are then adjusted to the target spectrum through wavelet addition. Finally, we analyse non-linear seismic responses of a soil column including pore pressure effects and ductile structures using these records, revealing considerable variability despite the similarities in terms of spectral acceleration.

Published
2012

43. Toward New Single-Station Sigma Models

Author

Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian, Cotton, Fabrice, Abrahamson, N., Akkar, Sinan, Al-Atik, Linda, Anderson, John, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Bommer, Julian J., Bungum, Hilmar, Douglas, John, Drouet, Stéphane, Edwards, Benjamin, Faeh, Donat, Montalva, G. A., Dawood, H., Renault, Philippe, Scherbaum, Frank, Strasser, Fleur, Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Department of Mathematics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of Nevada [Reno], Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussées, Département Géotechnique, Eau et Risques, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, International Centre for Geohazards, NORSAR, Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Risques, Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Washington State University (WSU), Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Concepción [Chile], SwissNuclear, PEGASOS Refinement Project, Institute Geowissenschaften, Universität Potsdam, Council for Geoscience, Seismology unit, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Risques (Risques), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract

Single-station sigma values for more than 600 stations have been computed using the same method for all records and datasets from different tectonic regions (California, Taiwan, Japan, Turkey, Mexico, Switzerland and France). This work has been driven by the need to develop better estimates of standard deviation for non-ergodic probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in Switzerland (PEGASOS Refinement Project), and for new ground motion models being developed for eastern North America (NGA-east) and western North America (NGA-west2). The results show that the average single-station standard deviations are lower than the ergodic values of standard deviation. Moreover, the single-station withinevent standard deviations appear to have little variability across different tectonic regions. However, there is significant variability between stations and, in some instances, values of single-station standard deviation are higher than their ergodic counterpart. This variability seems to be (on the first order) controlled by path effects, and it can be modelled by probability distribution functions. Our results also show that the Vs30 dependency is weak, while a reduction of the withinevent standard deviation is apparent with increasing distance (and magnitude). We finally amalgamate all within-event residuals from the different tectonic regions in order to propose and test several within-event single-station sigma models (constant, distance-dependent, distance and magnitude-dependent).

Published
2011

44. A kappa Model for Mainland France

Author

Douglas, John, Gehl, Pierre, Bonilla, Luis Fabian, Gélis, Céline, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)

Subjects
Strong-motion data, near-surface attenuation, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, France, RAP, kappa, high-frequency decay
Abstract

International audience; An important parameter for the characterization of strong ground motion at high-frequencies (>1 Hz) is kappa, κ, which models a linear decay of the acceleration spectrum, a(f), in log-linear space (i.e. a(f) = A 0 exp(− π κ f) for f > f E where f is frequency, f E is a low frequency limit and A 0 controls the amplitude of the spectrum). κ is a key input parameter in the stochastic method for the simulation of strong ground motion, which is particularly useful for areas with insufficient strong-motion data to enable the derivation of robust empirical ground motion prediction equations, such as mainland France. Numerous studies using strong-motion data from western North America (WNA) (an active tectonic region where surface rock is predominantly soft) and eastern North America (ENA) (a stable continental region where surface rock is predominantly very hard) have demonstrated that κ varies with region and surface geology, with WNA rock sites having a κ of about 0.04 s and ENA rock sites having a κ of about 0.006 s. Lower κs are one reason why high-frequency strong ground motions in stable regions are generally higher than in active regions for the same magnitude and distance. Few, if any, estimates of κs for French sites have been published. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate κ using data recorded by the French national strong-motion network (RAP) for various sites in different regions of mainland France. For each record, a value of κ is estimated by following the procedure developed by Anderson and Hough (Bull Seismol Soc Am 74:1969–1993, 1984): this method is based on the analysis of the S-wave spectrum, which has to be performed manually, thus leading to some uncertainties. For the three French regions where most records are available (the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Côtes-d'Azur), a regional κ model is developed using weighted regression on the local geology (soil or rock) and source-to-site distance. It is found that the studied regions have a mean κ between the values found for WNA and ENA. For example, for the Alps region a κ value of 0.0254 s is found for rock sites, an estimate reasonably consistent with previous studies.

Published
2010
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49. In Situ Assessment of the G-γ Curve for Characterizing the Nonlinear Response of Soil: Application to the Garner Valley Downhole Array and the Wildlife Liquefaction Array.

Author

Chandra, Johanes, Guéguen, Philippe, Steidl, Jamison H., and Bonilla, Luis Fabian

Subjects
EARTHQUAKE engineering, SOIL dynamics, SOIL liquefaction, SEISMIC response, SHEAR waves, DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics), EARTHQUAKE simulators, COMPUTER simulation of earth movements
Abstract

We analyze the nonlinear and near-surface geological effects of two Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation at University of California, Santa Barbara (NEES@UCSB) instrumented sites: the Garner Valley Downhole Array (GVDA) and the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA). The seismic interferometry by deconvolution method is applied to earthquake data recorded by the multisensor vertical array between January 2005 and September 2013. Along the cross section, local shear-wave velocity is extracted by estimating travel time between sensors. The S-wave velocity profiles are constructed and compared with classical in situ geophysical surveys. We show that velocity values change according to the amplitude of the ground motion, and we find anisotropy between east-west and north-south directions at the GVDA site. The ratio between average peak particle velocity v* and local S-wave velocity Vs* between two boreholes is tested as a deformation proxy. Using average peak particle acceleration a*, the a* versus v*/Vs* curve is used to represent the stress-strain curve for observing the site's nonlinear responses under different levels of excitation. Nonlinearity is observed from quite low shear-strain levels (~1×10-5) and a classic hyperbolic model is derived. proves to be a good deformation proxy. Finally, the shear modulus degradation curves are constructed for each depth and test site, and they are similar to previous laboratory measurements or in situ geophysical surveys. A simple comparison regarding nonlinear behavior between GVDA and WLA is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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