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Whereas synchronous lung cancer is rare, synchronous small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are exceptional. The authors report the case of a 61-year-old man with synchronous unilateral adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer, raising the question as to the need for the histology of all of the lesions in the same lobe or same lung as well as the treatment. The medical history, biology, CT and (18)F-FDG TEP-CT did not support a diagnosis of synchronous lung cancer. The prognosis was poor and only surgery could improve the prognosis. This is a rare case and illustrates the difficulty in the diagnosis of multiple lung cancer and the difficulty in treating synchronous lung cancer with different histologies (SCLC and NSCLC).

Primary pulmonary malignant melanoma is rare (0.01% of pulmonary cancers); only 25 cases are published in the literature. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary malignant melanoma is controversial, the pathogenesis is unknown and a pulmonary metastasis from a mucocutaneous melanoma is the main differential diagnosis. The diagnosis is based on the strict application of the Jensen criteria published in 1967. We report the case of an asymptomatic 82-year-old man presenting with a fortuitously discovered primary pulmonary malignant melanoma according to the Jensen criteria and treated by lobectomy (cT1N0M0). Surgery seems to be the gold standard treatment on account of the poor sensitivity of melanoma to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgical resection and the absence of nodal involvement suggest a good prognosis even though the small number of cases does not produce useful statistical data. This observation raises the question of (18)FDG CT-PET in this situation, particularly of the whole body, by extrapolation from the recommendations in mucocutaneous melanoma. The lack of increased uptake on (18)FDG CT-PET could be a new paraclinical diagnostic criterion to add to the clinical criteria of Jensen. This report is the first, which shows the results of (18)FDG CT-PET (standard and whole-body) under this situation.

Resume Introduction Une pericardite d’allure virale peut reveler une anomalie pericardique congenitale. Cas clinique Nous rapportons l’observation d’un jeune homme de 29 ans chez qui la survenue d’une dyspnee febrile rapidement progressive a permis de faire le diagnostic echographique de tumeur pericardique compressive. Le scanner thoracique revela une masse se developpant jusqu’au mediastin superieur. Le bilan d’extension etait negatif. L’option chirurgicale choisie permit l’extraction d’une masse molle polylobee uniquement adherente a l’aorte. L’analyse histologique retrouva un kyste bronchogenique intra-pericardique. Conclusion Apres un rappel sur le kyste bronchogenique nous developpons les specificites de cette exceptionnelle localisation intra-pericardique. L’une d’elle consiste en la secretion de CA 19-9 frequemment observee.

Whereas synchronous lung cancer is rare, synchronous small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are exceptional. The authors report the case of a 61-year-old man with synchronous unilateral adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer, raising the question as to the need for the histology of all of the lesions in the same lobe or same lung as well as the treatment. The medical history, biology, CT and (18)F-FDG TEP-CT did not support a diagnosis of synchronous lung cancer. The prognosis was poor and only surgery could improve the prognosis. This is a rare case and illustrates the difficulty in the diagnosis of multiple lung cancer and the difficulty in treating synchronous lung cancer with different histologies (SCLC and NSCLC).

Primary pulmonary malignant melanoma is rare (0.01% of pulmonary cancers); only 25 cases are published in the literature. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary malignant melanoma is controversial, the pathogenesis is unknown and a pulmonary metastasis from a mucocutaneous melanoma is the main differential diagnosis. The diagnosis is based on the strict application of the Jensen criteria published in 1967. We report the case of an asymptomatic 82-year-old man presenting with a fortuitously discovered primary pulmonary malignant melanoma according to the Jensen criteria and treated by lobectomy (cT1N0M0). Surgery seems to be the gold standard treatment on account of the poor sensitivity of melanoma to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgical resection and the absence of nodal involvement suggest a good prognosis even though the small number of cases does not produce useful statistical data. This observation raises the question of (18)FDG CT-PET in this situation, particularly of the whole body, by extrapolation from the recommendations in mucocutaneous melanoma. The lack of increased uptake on (18)FDG CT-PET could be a new paraclinical diagnostic criterion to add to the clinical criteria of Jensen. This report is the first, which shows the results of (18)FDG CT-PET (standard and whole-body) under this situation.

An acute viral pericarditis may reveal a congenital pericardial abnormality.We report the case of a young man of 29 years in whom the development of rapidly progressive dyspnoea and fever led to the echocardiographic diagnosis of a pericardial tumour. The thoracic CT scan showed a mass arising in the superior mediastinum with no evidence of spread. Surgical exploration allowed the excision of a soft mutilobular mass adherent only to the aorta. Histological examination revealed an intrapericardial bronchogenic cyst.After a review of bronchogenic cysts we point out the properties of this rare intra-pericardial localisation, one of which is the frequently observed secretion of CA 19-9.