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Bronchobiliary fistulas are exceedingly rare pathological connections between the biliary and the bronchial systems, which result from hepatobiliary neoplasms, abscesses, or thoracoabdominal trauma. Prompt recognition, diagnosis, and intervention is essential in order to prevent the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease process. Multiple management strategies have been described in the literature; however, the optimal course has not been well defined. We present a case of a 31-year-old male who developed a bronchobiliary fistula 1 month after thoracoabdominal trauma. After conservative management with biliary stenting failed, he successfully underwent latissimus sparing right posterolateral thoracotomy, complete fistulectomy, right lower lobe wedge resection, and diaphragmatic reconstruction with subsequent resolution of his symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypothesis: Transforming growth factor β[sub 3] (TGF-β[sub 3]) promotes fascial wound healing in a new animal model, as measured by wound breaking strength, collagen deposition, and cellular proliferation. Design/Intervention: Bilateral, longitudinal incisions were made in the anterior rectus sheaths of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits. One incision was treated with 1 µg of TGF-β[sub 3]; the contralateral incision served as a control. The wounds were harvested at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after creation ("wounding"). Main Outcome Measures: Wound tissue was tested for breaking strength using a tensiometer and processed for histological examination of collagen deposition and cellular proliferation at all time points after wounding. Collagen deposition and cellular proliferation were measured in histological cross sections of wounds with Masson trichrome staining and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: At all time points after wounding, treatment with TGF-β[sub 3] significantly increased the wound breaking strength (up to 138%) and collagen deposition (up to 150%) over the control group. Cellular proliferation was increased during the first 3 weeks after wounding (up to 147%), but returned to baseline levels by the fourth week. Conclusions: Transforming growth factor β[sub 3] promotes fascial wound healing. In this new animal model of fascial wound healing, TGF-β[sub 3] increased fascia breaking strength, collagen deposition, and cellular proliferation. These results are similar to findings in cutaneous wound models and demonstrate, for the first time, a pharmacologic agent to accelerate fascial healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypothesis: Although hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been used clinically for 3 decades, there have been few controlled clinical trials. Animal models have not been adequate to test the efficacy of HBO in the treatment of chronic wounds, either by itself or in combination with growth factors. We hypothesize that HBO is as efficacious as a prototype growth factor in improving wound healing in a new animal model of ischemic chronic wounds. Design: Twenty-five aged rabbits and 3 young rabbits had their ears rendered chronically ischemic and ulcers were created down to the level of cartilage. These ulcers were treated in 1 of 3 ways: with HBO, 90 minutes per day, Monday through Friday, for 4 weeks; with transforming growth factor β[sub 3] at 1 µg/cm[sup 2]; or with both modalities combined. Controls were treated with vehicle or hyperbaric room air or both. Results: This model created an aged/ischemic wound that failed to heal spontaneously up to 26 days after wounding (88% reduction compared with aged/nonischemic controls). Hyperbaric oxygen alone and transforming growth factor β[sub 3] alone both improved healing rate (only 38% reduction in healing compared with aged/nonischemic controls). Combined therapy produced no additional improvement over either modality by itself. Conclusions: In aged animals, HBO and transforming growth factor β[sub 3] were equally effective in improving wound healing. Our data suggest that HBO alone may be more effective in the chronic wound than in the acute wound. There was no additive benefit to combining modalities as has been reported in the same wound model in young rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]