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1. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high‐risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Author: Zwarte, Sonja MC, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso‐Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth EL, Cahn, Wiepke, Canales‐Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro‐Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Bonnin, Caterina Mar, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó‐Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goikolea, Jose M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Ongun, Ceren Hidiroglu, Hillegers, Manon HJ, Houenou, Josselin, Pol, Hilleke E Hulshoff, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka MG, Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S, McDonald, Colm, Meyer‐Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B, Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M, Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A, Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J, Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M, Piguet, Camille, Pomarol‐Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S, Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Aydogan, Aybala Saricicek, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R, Simsek, Esma M, Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R, Whalley, Heather C, Wu, Mon‐Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A, Ching, Christopher RK, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Erp, Theo GM, Jahanshad, Neda, and Thompson, Paul M
Subjects: Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Clinical Research, Serious Mental Illness, Neurosciences, Schizophrenia, Mental Health, Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Cognitive Dysfunction, Educational Status, Family, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Intelligence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, bipolar disorder, education, intelligence, neuroimaging, relatives, schizophrenia, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract: First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.
Published: 2022

2. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.

Author: Dima, Danai, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Buckner, Randy L, Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher RK, Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A, Dannlowski, Udo, Dale, Anders M, Davey, Christopher, de Geus, Eco JC, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S, Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E, Gur, Ruben C, Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharine A, Hatton, Sean N, Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Hibar, Derrek P, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kahn, Rene, and Kalnin, Andrew
Subjects: Karolinska Schizophrenia Project, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Thalamus, Corpus Striatum, Humans, Human Development, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Male, Young Adult, Neuroimaging, ENIGMA, brain morphometry, longitudinal trajectories, multisite, Neurosciences, Aging, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology
Abstract: Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
Published: 2022

3. Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

Author: Frangou, Sophia, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Williams, Steven CR, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes‐Eizagirre, Anton, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur‐Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Buckner, Randy L, Calhoun, Vincent, Canales‐Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Cervenka, Simon, Chaim‐Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher RK, Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo‐Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A, Dale, Anders M, Dannlowski, Udo, Davey, Christopher, Geus, Eco JC, Haan, Lieuwe, Zubicaray, Greig I, Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S, Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros‐Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean‐Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes‐Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans‐Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E, Gur, Ruben C, Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharine A, Hatton, Sean N, Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Hibar, Derrek P, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng‐Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Pol, Hilleke E Hulshoff, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, and Kahn, Rene
Subjects: Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Aging, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Human Development, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuroimaging, Young Adult, aging, cortical thickness, development, trajectories, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology
Abstract: Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
Published: 2022

4. The Association Between Familial Risk and Brain Abnormalities Is Disease Specific: An ENIGMA-Relatives Study of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Author: de Zwarte, Sonja MC, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Aleman, André, Alpert, Kathryn I, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bois, Catherine, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth EL, Cahn, Wiepke, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Frankland, Andrew, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Hillegers, Manon HJ, Pol, Hilleke E Hulshoff, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka MG, Kopecek, Miloslav, Krabbendam, Lydia, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Marcelis, Machteld, Marsman, Jan-Bernard C, Mattay, Venkata S, McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B, Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M, Mwangi, Benson, Najt, Pablo, Neilson, Emma, Newport, Jason, van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn, Ozerdem, Aysegul, Picchioni, Marco M, Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Aydogan, Aybala Saricicek, Schofield, Peter R, Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C, Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Weinberger, Daniel R, Whalley, Heather C, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A, Ching, Christopher RK, van Erp, Theo GM, Turner, Jessica A, Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M, Kahn, René S, and van Haren, Neeltje EM
Subjects: Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Schizophrenia, Genetics, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Bipolar Disorder, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Adult, Brain, Cohort Studies, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Bipolar disorder, Familial risk, Imaging, Meta-analysis, Neurodevelopment, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract: BackgroundSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of global and subcortical brain measures of 6008 individuals (1228 FDRs-SZ, 852 FDRs-BD, 2246 control subjects, 1016 patients with schizophrenia, 666 patients with bipolar disorder) from 34 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts with standardized methods. Analyses were repeated with a correction for intracranial volume (ICV) and for the presence of any psychopathology in the relatives and control subjects.ResultsFDRs-BD had significantly larger ICV (d = +0.16, q < .05 corrected), whereas FDRs-SZ showed smaller thalamic volumes than control subjects (d = -0.12, q < .05 corrected). ICV explained the enlargements in the brain measures in FDRs-BD. In FDRs-SZ, after correction for ICV, total brain, cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, cerebellar gray and white matter, and thalamus volumes were significantly smaller; the cortex was thinner (d
Published: 2019

5. Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch adjustment method in ENIGMA

Author: Glahn, David, Pearlson, Godfrey, Hong, Elliot, Krug, Axel, Carr, Vaughan, Tooney, Paul, Cooper, Gavin, Rasser, Paul, Michie, Patricia, Catts, Stanley, Gur, Raquel, Gur, Ruben, Yang, Fude, Fan, Fengmei, Chen, Jingxu, Guo, Hua, Tan, Shuping, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Piras, Federica, Assogna, Francesca, Salvador, Raymond, McKenna, Peter, Bonvino, Aurora, King, Margaret, Kaiser, Stefan, Nguyen, Dana, Pineda-Zapata, Julian, Radua, Joaquim, Vieta, Eduard, Shinohara, Russell, Kochunov, Peter, Quidé, Yann, Green, Melissa J., Weickert, Cynthia S., Weickert, Thomas, Bruggemann, Jason, Kircher, Tilo, Nenadić, Igor, Cairns, Murray J., Seal, Marc, Schall, Ulrich, Henskens, Frans, Fullerton, Janice M., Mowry, Bryan, Pantelis, Christos, Lenroot, Rhoshel, Cropley, Vanessa, Loughland, Carmel, Scott, Rodney, Wolf, Daniel, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Tan, Yunlong, Sim, Kang, Piras, Fabrizio, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Banaj, Nerisa, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Solanes, Aleix, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Sarro, Salvador, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Bertolino, Alessandro, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Knöchel, Christian, Borgwardt, Stefan, du Plessis, Stefan, Yun, Je-Yeon, Kwon, Jun Soo, Dannlowski, Udo, Hahn, Tim, Grotegerd, Dominik, Alloza, Clara, Arango, Celso, Janssen, Joost, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga, Jiang, Wenhao, Calhoun, Vince, Ehrlich, Stefan, Yang, Kun, Cascella, Nicola G., Takayanagi, Yoichiro, Sawa, Akira, Tomyshev, Alexander, Lebedeva, Irina, Kaleda, Vasily, Kirschner, Matthias, Hoschl, Cyril, Tomecek, David, Skoch, Antonin, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Bakker, Geor, James, Anthony, Preda, Adrian, Weideman, Andrea, Stein, Dan J., Howells, Fleur, Uhlmann, Anne, Temmingh, Henk, López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Díaz-Zuluaga, Ana, Fortea, Lydia, Martinez-Heras, Eloy, Solana, Elisabeth, Llufriu, Sara, Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul, Turner, Jessica, and van Erp, Theo
Published: 2020
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6. The interaction between cannabis use and a CB1-related polygenic co-expression index modulates dorsolateral prefrontal activity during working memory processing

Author: Taurisano, Paolo, Pergola, Giulio, Monda, Anna, Antonucci, Linda A., Di Carlo, Pasquale, Piarulli, Francesco, Passiatore, Roberta, Papalino, Marco, Romano, Raffaella, Monaco, Alfonso, Rampino, Antonio, Bonvino, Aurora, Porcelli, Annamaria, Popolizio, Teresa, Bellotti, Roberto, Bertolino, Alessandro, and Blasi, Giuseppe
Published: 2021
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7. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian primary school children's learning: A systematic review through a psycho-social lens.

Author: Trotta, Eugenio, Serio, Gianluigi, Monacis, Lucia, Carlucci, Leonardo, Marinelli, Chiara Valeria, Petito, Annamaria, Celia, Giovanna, Bonvino, Aurora, Calvio, Antonella, Stallone, Roberta, Esposito, Ciro, Fantinelli, Stefania, Sulla, Francesco, Di Fuccio, Raffaele, Salvatore, Gianpaolo, Quarto, Tiziana, and Palladino, Paola
Subjects: SCHOOL children, COVID-19 pandemic, PRIMARY schools, SCHOOL closings, LEARNING
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected many areas and contexts of today's society, including school and family. Several studies focused on the worldwide effects of school closures on students' learning outcomes, context, and well-being. However, the data emerging from these studies are often inconsistent and fragmentary, highlighting the need of a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon. This need is especially urgent for the countries with the most severe school closure, like Italy. This systematic review aims to collect the opinions of parents, teachers, and students on: other dimensions of Italian primary school students affected by school closures, beyond academic performance; hypothetical agreement between the opinions of parents, teachers, and students regarding the different effects of school closures on Italian primary school students; possible differences between the effects of school closures on Italian primary school students and the students in other countries. Our search was conducted using PRISMA 2020 guidelines on Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and EBSCOHost. The results obtained from 34 articles revealed a strong concern on the part of all stakeholders involved in learning during the pandemic, with evident negative effects for Italian school students. The constraint on distance learning led to a drastic change in everyone's routine, and a negative emotional change on the part of young students. Parents and teachers generally considered distance learning to be ineffective for the education of their children and students; they encountered technical-practical difficulties in the use of electronic devices for participation in school activities; overall learning deficits on the part of students, especially in mathematics, as confirmed by INVALSI results were also found. The investigation reveals a condition of shared emotional and academic performance difficulty, and a further challenging circumstance for students previously at risk of marginalization. Further research in this field is paramount to identify new and adequate recovery strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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8. Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium

Author: Farde, Lars, Flyckt, Lena, Engberg, Göran, Erhardt, Sophie, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Cervenka, Simon, Schwieler, Lilly, Piehl, Fredrik, Agartz, Ingrid, Collste, Karin, Victorsson, Pauliina, Malmqvist, Anna, Hedberg, Mikael, Orhan, Funda, van Erp, Theo G.M., Walton, Esther, Hibar, Derrek P., Schmaal, Lianne, Jiang, Wenhao, Glahn, David C., Pearlson, Godfrey D., Yao, Nailin, Fukunaga, Masaki, Hashimoto, Ryota, Okada, Naohiro, Yamamori, Hidenaga, Bustillo, Juan R., Clark, Vincent P., Mueller, Bryon A., Cahn, Wiepke, de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ophoff, Roel A., van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Andreassen, Ole A., Dale, Anders M., Doan, Nhat Trung, Gurholt, Tiril P., Hartberg, Cecilie B., Haukvik, Unn K., Jørgensen, Kjetil N., Lagerberg, Trine V., Melle, Ingrid, Westlye, Lars T., Gruber, Oliver, Kraemer, Bernd, Richter, Anja, Zilles, David, Calhoun, Vince D., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Loughland, Carmel, Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley, Cropley, Vanessa L., Fullerton, Janice M., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Jablensky, Assen, Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Mowry, Bryan J., Michie, Patricia T., Pantelis, Christos, Quidé, Yann, Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Cairns, Murray J., Seal, Marc, Tooney, Paul A., Rasser, Paul E., Cooper, Gavin, Shannon Weickert, Cynthia, Weickert, Thomas W., Morris, Derek W., Hong, Elliot, Kochunov, Peter, Beard, Lauren M., Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Wolf, Daniel H., Belger, Aysenil, Brown, Gregory G., Ford, Judith M., Macciardi, Fabio, Mathalon, Daniel H., O’Leary, Daniel S., Potkin, Steven G., Preda, Adrian, Voyvodic, James, Lim, Kelvin O., McEwen, Sarah, Yang, Fude, Tan, Yunlong, Tan, Shuping, Wang, Zhiren, Fan, Fengmei, Chen, Jingxu, Xiang, Hong, Tang, Shiyou, Guo, Hua, Wan, Ping, Wei, Dong, Bockholt, Henry J., Ehrlich, Stefan, Wolthusen, Rick P.F., King, Margaret D., Shoemaker, Jody M., Sponheim, Scott R., De Haan, Lieuwe, Koenders, Laura, Machielsen, Marise W., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Veltman, Dick J., Assogna, Francesca, Banaj, Nerisa, de Rossi, Pietro, Iorio, Mariangela, Piras, Fabrizio, Spalletta, Gianfranco, McKenna, Peter J., Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Salvador, Raymond, Corvin, Aiden, Donohoe, Gary, Kelly, Sinead, Whelan, Christopher D., Dickie, Erin W., Rotenberg, David, Voineskos, Aristotle N., Ciufolini, Simone, Radua, Joaquim, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin, Reis Marques, Tiago, Simmons, Andrew, Borgwardt, Stefan, Egloff, Laura, Harrisberger, Fabienne, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, Smieskova, Renata, Alpert, Kathryn I., Wang, Lei, Jönsson, Erik G., Koops, Sanne, Sommer, Iris E.C., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Neilson, Emma, Mayer, Andrew R., Stephen, Julia M., Kwon, Jun Soo, Yun, Je-Yeon, Cannon, Dara M., McDonald, Colm, Lebedeva, Irina, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Akhadov, Tolibjohn, Kaleda, Vasily, Busatto, Geraldo F., Rosa, Pedro G.P., Serpa, Mauricio H., Zanetti, Marcus V., Hoschl, Cyril, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Tomecek, David, Hagenaars, Saskia P., McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., Knöchel, Christian, Oertel-Knöchel, Viola, Stäblein, Michael, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Uhlmann, Anne, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Dima, Danai, McMahon, Agnes, Faskowitz, Joshua I., Gutman, Boris A., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., and Turner, Jessica A.
Published: 2018
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9. Emotions in Times of Pandemic Crisis among Italian Children: A Systematic Review

Author: Bonvino, Aurora, primary, Calvio, Antonella, additional, Stallone, Roberta, additional, Marinelli, Chiara Valeria, additional, Quarto, Tiziana, additional, Petito, Annamaria, additional, Palladino, Paola, additional, and Monacis, Lucia, additional
Published: 2023
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10. Emotions in times of pandemic crisis among Italian children: a systematic review

Author: Monacis, Lucia and bonvino, aurora
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract: Several studies underlined the negative effects of forced social isolation on emotional processes in younger population. The current study aimed to review existing evidence of the pandemic's impact on the emotional regulation of Italian children aged 0-12 years in order to identify personal and contextual factors that may adversely impact on their developmental process. Web of Science, Ebsco and Scopus databases were used to identify peer-reviewed studies published in English and focused on Italian children. Five studies were included in the review covering more than 3000 children. All studies reported negative effects of lockdown on child emotional processes. Some authors underlined that the most affected in terms of emotional dysregulation were the youngest children and those living in Northern Italy. Alterations in emotional processes were associated with sleep disturbances, quality of family relationships, personality structures and the coping strategies used. This review remarks that children's emotional processes were negatively impacted during social lockdown especially where acute social isolation interacted with a set of dispositional and situational risk factors.
Published: 2023
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11. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan

Author: Wierenga, Lara M., Doucet, Gaelle E., Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn, I, Andreassen, Ole A., Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Calhoun, Vince D., Canales-Rodriguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia J., Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G., Dickie, Erin W., Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Gurholt, Tiril P., de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharina A., Hatton, Sean N., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Hickie, Ian B., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C., Jiang, Jiyang, Jonsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kalnin, Andrew J., Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskar, Knut K., Kramer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Phil H., Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchon, Jose M., Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Genevieve, Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sarro, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Szeszko, Philip R., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia, I, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Trollor, Julian N., Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather C., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Wright, Margaret J., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Zanetti, Marcus, V, Ziegler, Georg C., de Zubicaray, Greig, I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A., Frangou, Sophia, Tamnes, Christian K., Wierenga, Lara M., Doucet, Gaelle E., Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn, I, Andreassen, Ole A., Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Calhoun, Vince D., Canales-Rodriguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia J., Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G., Dickie, Erin W., Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Gurholt, Tiril P., de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharina A., Hatton, Sean N., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Hickie, Ian B., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C., Jiang, Jiyang, Jonsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kalnin, Andrew J., Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskar, Knut K., Kramer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Phil H., Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchon, Jose M., Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Genevieve, Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sarro, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Szeszko, Philip R., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia, I, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Trollor, Julian N., Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather C., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Wright, Margaret J., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Zanetti, Marcus, V, Ziegler, Georg C., de Zubicaray, Greig, I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A., Frangou, Sophia, and Tamnes, Christian K.
Abstract: For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Published: 2022
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12. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Author: de Zwarte, Sonja MC, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth EL, Cahn, Wiepke, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goikolea, Jose M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Hidiroglu Ongun, Ceren, Hillegers, Manon HJ, Houenou, Josselin, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka MG, Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S, McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B, Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M, Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A, van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J, Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M, Piguet, Camille, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S, Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Saricicek Aydogan, Aybala, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R, Simsek, Esma M, Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R, Whalley, Heather C, Wu, Mon-Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A, Ching, Christopher RK, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, van Erp, Theo GM, Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth EL, Cahn, Wiepke, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goikolea, Jose M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Hidiroglu Ongun, Ceren, Hillegers, Manon HJ, Houenou, Josselin, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka MG, Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S, McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B, Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M, Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A, van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J, Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M, Piguet, Camille, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S, Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Saricicek Aydogan, Aybala, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R, Simsek, Esma M, Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R, Whalley, Heather C, Wu, Mon-Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A, Ching, Christopher RK, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, van Erp, Theo GM, Jahanshad, Neda, and Thompson, Paul M
Abstract: First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.
Published: 2022

13. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan

Author: Wierenga, Lara M, Doucet, Gaelle E, Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andreassen, Ole A, Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calhoun, Vince D, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher Rk, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia J, Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G, Dickie, Erin W, Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco Jc, Giorgio, Annabella Di, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans J, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Gurholt, Tiril P, de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharina A, Hatton, Sean N, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, Hickie, Ian B, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kalnin, Andrew J, Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskår, Knut K, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S, Lee, Phil H, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise Wj, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchón, José M, Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Geneviève, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro Gp, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris E, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Szeszko, Philip R, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Trollor, Julian N, Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Williams, Steven Cr, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Wright, Margaret J, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A, Frangou, Sophia, Tamnes, Christian K, Wierenga, Lara M, Doucet, Gaelle E, Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andreassen, Ole A, Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calhoun, Vince D, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher Rk, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia J, Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G, Dickie, Erin W, Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco Jc, Giorgio, Annabella Di, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans J, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Gurholt, Tiril P, de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharina A, Hatton, Sean N, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, Hickie, Ian B, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kalnin, Andrew J, Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskår, Knut K, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S, Lee, Phil H, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise Wj, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchón, José M, Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Geneviève, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro Gp, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris E, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Szeszko, Philip R, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Trollor, Julian N, Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Williams, Steven Cr, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Wright, Margaret J, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A, Frangou, Sophia, and Tamnes, Christian K
Abstract: For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Published: 2022

14. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Author: de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., Brouwer, Rachel M., Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E. L., Cahn, Wiepke, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Cannon, Tyrone D., Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E., Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C., Foley, Sonya F., Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M., Glahn, David C., Goghari, Vina M., Goikolea, Jose M., Goldman, Aaron L., Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L., Heinz, Andreas, Hidiroglu Ongun, Ceren, Hillegers, Manon H.J., Houenou, Josselin, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Hultman, Christina M., Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G., Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J., Koenis, Marinka M. G., Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M., Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S., McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B., Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M., Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A., van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J., Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M., Piguet, Camille, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S., Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Saricicek Aydogan, Aybala, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R., Simsek, Esma M., Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C., Sponheim, Scott R., Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R., Whalley, Heather C., Wu, Mon-Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R. K., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., van Erp, Theo G. M., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., Kahn, René S., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., Brouwer, Rachel M., Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E. L., Cahn, Wiepke, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Cannon, Tyrone D., Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E., Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C., Foley, Sonya F., Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M., Glahn, David C., Goghari, Vina M., Goikolea, Jose M., Goldman, Aaron L., Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L., Heinz, Andreas, Hidiroglu Ongun, Ceren, Hillegers, Manon H.J., Houenou, Josselin, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Hultman, Christina M., Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G., Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J., Koenis, Marinka M. G., Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M., Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S., McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B., Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M., Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A., van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J., Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M., Piguet, Camille, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S., Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Saricicek Aydogan, Aybala, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R., Simsek, Esma M., Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C., Sponheim, Scott R., Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R., Whalley, Heather C., Wu, Mon-Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R. K., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., van Erp, Theo G. M., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., Kahn, René S., and van Haren, Neeltje E. M.
Abstract: First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.
Published: 2022
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15. Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Author: European Commission, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (Australia), University of Queensland, National Cancer Institute (US), Dutch Research Council, Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, National Institute of Mental Health (US), European Research Council, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (US), Medical Research Council (UK), Fundación Marques de Valdecilla, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Swedish Research Council, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Research Council of Norway, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute for Health Research (UK), Frangou, Sophia, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Williams, Steven C. R., Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E., Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Antón, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I., Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H., Weber, Bernd, Bertolino, Alessandro, Wen, Wei, Kalnin, Andrew, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J., Yang, Kun, Bonvino, Aurora, Kanai, Ryota, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V., Ziegler, Georg C., Karolinska Schizophrenia Project, Thompson, Paul M., Dima, Danai, Boomsma, Dorret I., Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Klein, Marieke, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Buckner, Randy L., Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Klyushnik, Tatyana P., Castellanos, Francisco X., Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Koenders, Laura, Crone, Eveline A., Dale, Anders M., Dannlowski, Udo, Davey, Christopher, Geus, Eco J. C. de, Haan, Lieuwe de, Zubicaray, Greig I. de, den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Koops, Sanne, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S., Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Krämer, Bernd, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E., Kuntsi, Jonna, Gur, Ruben C., Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharine A., Hatton, Sean N., Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Hibar, Derrek P., Hickie, Ian B., Ho, Beng-Choon, Lagopoulos, Jim, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Lázaro, Luisa, Jernigan, Terry L., Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kahn, René S., Andersson, Micael, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, Andreasen, Nancy C., McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meinert, Susanne, Menchón, José M., Medland, Sarah E., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Andreassen, Ole A., Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E., Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Victor, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Asherson, Philip, Portella, Maria J., Potkin, Steven G., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A., Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Banaschewski, Tobias, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W., Bargalló, Núria, Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Swagerman, Suzanne C., Tamnes, Christian K., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Tomyshev, Alexander S., Baumeister, Sarah, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N., Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A., van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van 't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G. M., Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., European Commission, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (Australia), University of Queensland, National Cancer Institute (US), Dutch Research Council, Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, National Institute of Mental Health (US), European Research Council, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (US), Medical Research Council (UK), Fundación Marques de Valdecilla, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Swedish Research Council, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Research Council of Norway, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute for Health Research (UK), Frangou, Sophia, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Williams, Steven C. R., Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E., Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Antón, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I., Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H., Weber, Bernd, Bertolino, Alessandro, Wen, Wei, Kalnin, Andrew, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J., Yang, Kun, Bonvino, Aurora, Kanai, Ryota, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V., Ziegler, Georg C., Karolinska Schizophrenia Project, Thompson, Paul M., Dima, Danai, Boomsma, Dorret I., Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Klein, Marieke, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Buckner, Randy L., Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Klyushnik, Tatyana P., Castellanos, Francisco X., Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Koenders, Laura, Crone, Eveline A., Dale, Anders M., Dannlowski, Udo, Davey, Christopher, Geus, Eco J. C. de, Haan, Lieuwe de, Zubicaray, Greig I. de, den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Koops, Sanne, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S., Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Krämer, Bernd, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E., Kuntsi, Jonna, Gur, Ruben C., Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharine A., Hatton, Sean N., Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Hibar, Derrek P., Hickie, Ian B., Ho, Beng-Choon, Lagopoulos, Jim, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Lázaro, Luisa, Jernigan, Terry L., Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kahn, René S., Andersson, Micael, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, Andreasen, Nancy C., McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meinert, Susanne, Menchón, José M., Medland, Sarah E., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Andreassen, Ole A., Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E., Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Victor, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Asherson, Philip, Portella, Maria J., Potkin, Steven G., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A., Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Banaschewski, Tobias, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W., Bargalló, Núria, Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Swagerman, Suzanne C., Tamnes, Christian K., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Tomyshev, Alexander S., Baumeister, Sarah, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N., Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A., van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van 't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G. M., Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Veer, Ilya M., and Veltman, Dick J.
Abstract: Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3–90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
Published: 2022

16. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

Author: National Institute of Mental Health (US), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm County Council, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Siemens Healthcare, University of Queensland, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Institute on Drug Abuse (US), Indiana State Department of Health, Parents of children with epilepsy, Epilepsy Therapy Project, Fight Against Childhood Epilepsy and Seizures, Epilepsy Foundation, American Epilepsy Society, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, European Commission, Dutch Research Council, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Netherlands Brain Foundation, Utrecht University, European Research Council, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (US), National Institutes of Health (US), National Center for Research Resources (US), Fundación Marques de Valdecilla, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Swedish Research Council, Kings College London, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Dima, Danai, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E., Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Antón, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I., Andersson, Micael, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A., Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Ehrlich, Stefan, Bargalló, Núria, Weber, Bernd, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Erk, Susanne, West, John D., Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris, Wen, Wei, Baumeister, Sarah, Hartman, Catharine A., Trollor, Julian N., Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, Espeseth, Thomas, van den Heuvel, Odile A., van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G. M., Hatton, Sean N., Bonvino, Aurora, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Bertolino, Alessandro, Voineskos, Aristotle, Kanai, Ryota, Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M., Williams, Steven C. R., Heinz, Andreas, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Fisher, Simon E., Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J., Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Klein, Marieke, Boomsma, Dorret I., Zanetti, Marcus V., Ziegler, Georg C., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Thompson, Paul M., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Frangou, Sophia, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Klyushnik, Tatyana P., Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Hibar, Derrek P., Franke, Barbara, Busatto, Geraldo F., Buckner, Randy L., Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Cervenka, Simon, Koenders, Laura, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Frodl, Thomas, Hickie, Ian B., Ching, Christopher R. K., Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A., Dannlowski, Udo, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Koops, Sanne, Ho, Beng-Choon, Dale, Anders M., Davey, Christopher, Geus, Eco J. C. de, de Haan, Lieuwe, Zubicaray, Greig I. de, den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Hohmann, Sarah, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Krämer, Bernd, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Glahn, David C., Kuntsi, Jonna, Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E., Stein, Dan J., Lázaro, Luisa, Gur, Ruben C., Hahn, Tim, Lagopoulos, Jim, Harrison, Ben J., Völzke, Henry, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Strike, Lachlan T., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L., Jiang, Jiyang, Walter, Henrik, Lebedeva, Irina, Jönsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Swagerman, Suzanne C., Kahn, René S., Kalnin, Andrew, Andreasen, Nancy C., Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Walton, Esther, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Tamnes, Christian K., Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, Andreassen, Ole A., McDonald, Brenna C., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., Wang, Lei, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Temmingh, Henk S., Meinert, Susanne, Menchón, José M., Medland, Sarah E., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Asherson, Philip, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E., Wang, Yang, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Victor, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Banaschewski, Tobias, Potkin, Steven G., Tomyshev, Alexander S., Wassink, Thomas H., National Institute of Mental Health (US), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm County Council, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Siemens Healthcare, University of Queensland, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Institute on Drug Abuse (US), Indiana State Department of Health, Parents of children with epilepsy, Epilepsy Therapy Project, Fight Against Childhood Epilepsy and Seizures, Epilepsy Foundation, American Epilepsy Society, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, European Commission, Dutch Research Council, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Netherlands Brain Foundation, Utrecht University, European Research Council, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (US), National Institutes of Health (US), National Center for Research Resources (US), Fundación Marques de Valdecilla, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Swedish Research Council, Kings College London, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Dima, Danai, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E., Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Antón, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I., Andersson, Micael, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A., Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Ehrlich, Stefan, Bargalló, Núria, Weber, Bernd, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Erk, Susanne, West, John D., Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris, Wen, Wei, Baumeister, Sarah, Hartman, Catharine A., Trollor, Julian N., Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, Espeseth, Thomas, van den Heuvel, Odile A., van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G. M., Hatton, Sean N., Bonvino, Aurora, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Bertolino, Alessandro, Voineskos, Aristotle, Kanai, Ryota, Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M., Williams, Steven C. R., Heinz, Andreas, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Fisher, Simon E., Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J., Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Klein, Marieke, Boomsma, Dorret I., Zanetti, Marcus V., Ziegler, Georg C., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Thompson, Paul M., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Frangou, Sophia, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Klyushnik, Tatyana P., Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Hibar, Derrek P., Franke, Barbara, Busatto, Geraldo F., Buckner, Randy L., Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Cervenka, Simon, Koenders, Laura, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Frodl, Thomas, Hickie, Ian B., Ching, Christopher R. K., Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A., Dannlowski, Udo, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Koops, Sanne, Ho, Beng-Choon, Dale, Anders M., Davey, Christopher, Geus, Eco J. C. de, de Haan, Lieuwe, Zubicaray, Greig I. de, den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Hohmann, Sarah, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Krämer, Bernd, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Glahn, David C., Kuntsi, Jonna, Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E., Stein, Dan J., Lázaro, Luisa, Gur, Ruben C., Hahn, Tim, Lagopoulos, Jim, Harrison, Ben J., Völzke, Henry, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Strike, Lachlan T., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L., Jiang, Jiyang, Walter, Henrik, Lebedeva, Irina, Jönsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Swagerman, Suzanne C., Kahn, René S., Kalnin, Andrew, Andreasen, Nancy C., Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Walton, Esther, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Tamnes, Christian K., Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, Andreassen, Ole A., McDonald, Brenna C., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., Wang, Lei, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Temmingh, Henk S., Meinert, Susanne, Menchón, José M., Medland, Sarah E., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Asherson, Philip, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E., Wang, Yang, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Victor, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Banaschewski, Tobias, Potkin, Steven G., Tomyshev, Alexander S., and Wassink, Thomas H.
Abstract: Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3–90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
Published: 2022

17. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Author: de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., Brouwer, Rachel M., Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E.L., Cahn, Wiepke, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Cannon, Tyrone D., Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E., Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C., Foley, Sonya F., Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M., Glahn, David C., Goghari, Vina M., Goikolea, Jose M., Goldman, Aaron L., Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L., Heinz, Andreas, Hidiroglu Ongun, Ceren, Hillegers, Manon H.J., Houenou, Josselin, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Hultman, Christina M., Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G., Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J., Koenis, Marinka M.G., Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M., Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S., McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B., Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M., Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A., van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J., Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M., Piguet, Camille, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S., Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Saricicek Aydogan, Aybala, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R., Simsek, Esma M., Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C., Sponheim, Scott R., Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R., Whalley, Heather C., Wu, Mon Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R.K., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., van Erp, Theo G.M., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., Kahn, René S., van Haren, Neeltje E.M., de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., Brouwer, Rachel M., Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E.L., Cahn, Wiepke, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Cannon, Tyrone D., Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E., Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C., Foley, Sonya F., Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M., Glahn, David C., Goghari, Vina M., Goikolea, Jose M., Goldman, Aaron L., Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L., Heinz, Andreas, Hidiroglu Ongun, Ceren, Hillegers, Manon H.J., Houenou, Josselin, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Hultman, Christina M., Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G., Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J., Koenis, Marinka M.G., Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M., Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S., McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B., Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M., Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A., van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J., Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M., Piguet, Camille, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S., Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Saricicek Aydogan, Aybala, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R., Simsek, Esma M., Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C., Sponheim, Scott R., Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R., Whalley, Heather C., Wu, Mon Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R.K., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., van Erp, Theo G.M., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., Kahn, René S., and van Haren, Neeltje E.M.
Abstract: First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = −0.42, p = 3 × 10−5), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = −0.23, p =.045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.
Published: 2022

18. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan

Author: Wierenga, Lara M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9362-563X, Doucet, Gaelle E; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-0474, Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andreassen, Ole A, Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-1544, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calhoun, Vince D, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, et al, Wierenga, Lara M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9362-563X, Doucet, Gaelle E; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-0474, Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andreassen, Ole A, Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-1544, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calhoun, Vince D, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, and et al
Abstract: For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Published: 2022

19. Interaction Between Functional Genetic Variation of DRD2 and Cannabis Use on Risk of Psychosis

Author: Colizzi, Marco, Iyegbe, Conrad, Powell, John, Ursini, Gianluca, Porcelli, Annamaria, Bonvino, Aurora, Taurisano, Paolo, Romano, Raffaella, Masellis, Rita, Blasi, Giuseppe, Morgan, Craig, Aitchison, Katherine, Mondelli, Valeria, Luzi, Sonija, Kolliakou, Anna, David, Anthony, Murray, Robin M., Bertolino, Alessandro, and Forti, Marta Di
Published: 2015
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20. Cortical thickness across the lifespan : Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Author: Frangou, Sophia, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Williams, Steven C. R., Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E., Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I., Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C., Andreassen, Ole A., Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I., Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Buckner, Randy L., Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A., Dale, Anders M., Dannlowski, Udo, Davey, Christopher, de Geus, Eco J. C., de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I., den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S., Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharine A., Hatton, Sean N., Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Hibar, Derrek P., Hickie, Ian B., Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L., Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kahn, Rene, Kalnin, Andrew, Kanai, Ryota, Klein, Marieke, Klyushnik, Tatyana P., Koenders, Laura, Koops, Sanne, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lázaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meinert, Susanne, Menchón, José M., Medland, Sarah E., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E., Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Potkin, Steven G., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A., Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Swagerman, Suzanne C., Tamnes, Christian K., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Tomyshev, Alexander S., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N., Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A., van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van 't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G. M., Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H., Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J., Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V., Ziegler, Georg C., Thompson, Paul M., Dima, Danai, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Frangou, Sophia, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Williams, Steven C. R., Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E., Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I., Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C., Andreassen, Ole A., Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I., Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Buckner, Randy L., Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A., Dale, Anders M., Dannlowski, Udo, Davey, Christopher, de Geus, Eco J. C., de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I., den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S., Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharine A., Hatton, Sean N., Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Hibar, Derrek P., Hickie, Ian B., Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L., Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kahn, Rene, Kalnin, Andrew, Kanai, Ryota, Klein, Marieke, Klyushnik, Tatyana P., Koenders, Laura, Koops, Sanne, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lázaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meinert, Susanne, Menchón, José M., Medland, Sarah E., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E., Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Potkin, Steven G., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A., Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Swagerman, Suzanne C., Tamnes, Christian K., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Tomyshev, Alexander S., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N., Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A., van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van 't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G. M., Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H., Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J., Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V., Ziegler, Georg C., Thompson, Paul M., Dima, Danai, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Abstract: Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes. We used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness.
Published: 2021

21. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Author: Dima, Danai, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E., Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I., Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C., Andreassen, Ole A., Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I., Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Buckner, Randy L., Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A., Dannlowski, Udo, Dale, Anders M., Davey, Christopher, de Geus, Eco J. C., de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I., den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S., Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharine A., Hatton, Sean N., Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Hibar, Derrek P., Hickie, Ian B., Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L., Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kahn, Rene, Kalnin, Andrew, Kanai, Ryota, Klein, Marieke, Klyushnik, Tatyana P., Koenders, Laura, Koops, Sanne, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lázaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meinert, Susanne, Menchón, José M., Medland, Sarah E., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E., Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Potkin, Steven G., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A., Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Swagerman, Suzanne C., Tamnes, Christian K., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Tomyshev, Alexander S., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N., Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A., van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G. M., Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H., Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J., Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V., Ziegler, Georg C., Thompson, Paul M., Frangou, Sophia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Dima, Danai, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E., Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I., Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C., Andreassen, Ole A., Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I., Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Buckner, Randy L., Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A., Dannlowski, Udo, Dale, Anders M., Davey, Christopher, de Geus, Eco J. C., de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I., den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S., Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharine A., Hatton, Sean N., Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Hibar, Derrek P., Hickie, Ian B., Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L., Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kahn, Rene, Kalnin, Andrew, Kanai, Ryota, Klein, Marieke, Klyushnik, Tatyana P., Koenders, Laura, Koops, Sanne, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lázaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C., McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meinert, Susanne, Menchón, José M., Medland, Sarah E., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E., Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Potkin, Steven G., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A., Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Swagerman, Suzanne C., Tamnes, Christian K., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Tomyshev, Alexander S., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N., Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A., van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G. M., Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H., Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J., Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V., Ziegler, Georg C., Thompson, Paul M., Frangou, Sophia, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Abstract: Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns. We analyzed subcortical volumes from 18,605 healthy individuals from multiple cross-sectional cohorts to infer age-related trajectories between the ages of 3 and 90 years.
Published: 2021

22. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder Hum Brain Mapp

Author: Zwarte, Sonja M. C. de, Brouwer, Rachel M., Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E.L., Cahn, Wiepke, Canales Rodríguez, Erick Jorge, Cannon, Dara M., Cannon, Tytone D., Caseras, Xavier, Castro Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, Serna Gómez, Elena de la, Bonnín, Caterina del Mar, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E., Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó-Vilas Mestre, Mar, Fears, SScott C., Foley, Sonya F., Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M., Glahn, David C., Goghari, Vina M., Goikolea, José Manuel, Goldman, Aaron L., Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L., Heinz, Andreas, and Vieta i Pascual, Eduard, 1963
Subjects: Trastorn bipolar, Magnetic resonance imaging, Imatges per ressonància magnètica, Schizophrenia, Manic-depressive illness, Esquizofrènia
Abstract: First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.
Published: 2020

23. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan

Author: Wierenga, Lara M., Doucet, Gaelle E., Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn, I, Andreassen, Ole A., Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Calhoun, Vince D., Canales-Rodriguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia J., Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G., Dickie, Erin W., Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Gurholt, Tiril P., de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharina A., Hatton, Sean N., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Hickie, Ian B., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C., Jiang, Jiyang, Jonsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kalnin, Andrew J., Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskar, Knut K., Kramer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Phil H., Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchon, Jose M., Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Genevieve, Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sarro, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Szeszko, Philip R., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia, I, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Trollor, Julian N., Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather C., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Wright, Margaret J., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Zanetti, Marcus, V, Ziegler, Georg C., de Zubicaray, Greig, I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A., Frangou, Sophia, Tamnes, Christian K., Wierenga, Lara M., Doucet, Gaelle E., Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn, I, Andreassen, Ole A., Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Calhoun, Vince D., Canales-Rodriguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia J., Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G., Dickie, Erin W., Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Gurholt, Tiril P., de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharina A., Hatton, Sean N., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Hickie, Ian B., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C., Jiang, Jiyang, Jonsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kalnin, Andrew J., Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskar, Knut K., Kramer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Phil H., Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchon, Jose M., Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Genevieve, Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sarro, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Szeszko, Philip R., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia, I, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Trollor, Julian N., Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather C., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Wright, Margaret J., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Zanetti, Marcus, V, Ziegler, Georg C., de Zubicaray, Greig, I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A., Frangou, Sophia, and Tamnes, Christian K.
Abstract: For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Published: 2020
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24. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan

Author: Wierenga, Lara M, Doucet, Gaelle E, Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andreassen, Ole A, Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calhoun, Vince D, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher R. K, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher, Dickie, Erin W, Ehrlich, Stefan, van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans J, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Gurholt, Tiril P, de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharina A, Hatton, Sean N, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, Hickie, Ian B, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kalnin, Andrew J, Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskår, Knut K, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S, Lee, Phil H, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise WJ, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchón, José M, Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Geneviève, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro GP, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris E, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Szeszko, Philip R, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Trollor, Julian N, Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Williams, Steven CR, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Wright, Margaret J, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Thompson, Paul M, Crone, Eveline A, Frangou, Sophia, Tamnes, Christian K, Wierenga, Lara M, Doucet, Gaelle E, Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnæs, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andreassen, Ole A, Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calhoun, Vince D, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher R. K, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher, Dickie, Erin W, Ehrlich, Stefan, van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans J, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Gurholt, Tiril P, de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharina A, Hatton, Sean N, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, Hickie, Ian B, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kalnin, Andrew J, Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskår, Knut K, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S, Lee, Phil H, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise WJ, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchón, José M, Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Geneviève, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro GP, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris E, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Szeszko, Philip R, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Trollor, Julian N, Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Williams, Steven CR, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Wright, Margaret J, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Thompson, Paul M, Crone, Eveline A, Frangou, Sophia, and Tamnes, Christian K
Abstract: Altres ajuts: The Marató TV3 Foundation #091710, For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Published: 2020

25. Reply to: New Meta- and Mega-analyses of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Schizophrenia: Do They Really Increase Our Knowledge About the Nature of the Disease Process?

Author: Farde, Lars, Flyckt, Lena, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Cervenka, Simon, Agartz, Ingrid, Collste, Karin, Victorsson, Pauliina, Engberg, Göran, Erhardt, Sophie, Schwieler, Lilly, Malmqvist, Anna, Hedberg, Mikael, Orhan, Funda, Piehl, Fredrik, van Erp, Theo G.M., Walton, Esther, Hibar, Derrek P., Schmaal, Lianne, Jiang, Wenhao, Glahn, David C., Pearlson, Godfrey D., Yao, Nailin, Fukunaga, Masaki, Hashimoto, Ryota, Okada, Naohiro, Yamamori, Hidenaga, Clark, Vincent P., Mueller, Bryon A., de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., Ophoff, Roel A., van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Andreassen, Ole A., Gurholt, Tiril P., Gruber, Oliver, Kraemer, Bernd, Richter, Anja, Calhoun, Vince D., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Loughland, Carmel, Catts, Stanley, Fullerton, Janice M., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans, Jablensky, Assen, Mowry, Bryan J., Pantelis, Christos, Quidé, Yann, Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Cairns, Murray J., Seal, Marc, Tooney, Paul A., Rasser, Paul E., Cooper, Gavin, Shannon Weickert, Cynthia, Weickert, Thomas W., Hong, Elliot, Kochunov, Peter, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Ford, Judith M., Macciardi, Fabio, Mathalon, Daniel H., Potkin, Steven G., Preda, Adrian, Fan, Fengmei, Ehrlich, Stefan, King, Margaret D., De Haan, Lieuwe, Veltman, Dick J., Assogna, Francesca, Banaj, Nerisa, de Rossi, Pietro, Iorio, Mariangela, Piras, Fabrizio, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Kelly, Sinead, Ciufolini, Simone, Radua, Joaquim, Murray, Robin, Marques, Tiago Reis, Simmons, Andrew, Borgwardt, Stefan, Schönborn-Harrisberger, Fabienne, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, Smieskova, Renata, Alpert, Kathryn I., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Neilson, Emma, Mayer, Andrew R., Yun, Je-Yeon, Cannon, Dara M., Lebedeva, Irina, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Akhadov, Tolibjohn, Kaleda, Vasily, Rosa, Pedro G.P., Serpa, Mauricio H., Zanetti, Marcus V., Hoschl, Cyril, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Tomecek, David, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Knöchel, Christian, Oertel-Knöchel, Viola, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Uhlmann, Anne, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Dima, Danai, Faskowitz, Joshua I., Gutman, Boris A., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., and Turner, Jessica A.
Published: 2019
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26. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high‐risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Author: Zwarte, Sonja M. C., primary, Brouwer, Rachel M., additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Alda, Martin, additional, Alonso‐Lana, Silvia, additional, Bearden, Carrie E., additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, Bramon, Elvira, additional, Buimer, Elizabeth E. L., additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, Canales‐Rodríguez, Erick J., additional, Cannon, Dara M., additional, Cannon, Tyrone D., additional, Caseras, Xavier, additional, Castro‐Fornieles, Josefina, additional, Chen, Qiang, additional, Chung, Yoonho, additional, De la Serna, Elena, additional, Mar Bonnin, Caterina, additional, Demro, Caroline, additional, Di Giorgio, Annabella, additional, Doucet, Gaelle E., additional, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, additional, Erk, Susanne, additional, Fatjó‐Vilas, Mar, additional, Fears, Scott C., additional, Foley, Sonya F., additional, Frangou, Sophia, additional, Fullerton, Janice M., additional, Glahn, David C., additional, Goghari, Vina M., additional, Goikolea, Jose M., additional, Goldman, Aaron L., additional, Gonul, Ali Saffet, additional, Gruber, Oliver, additional, Hajek, Tomas, additional, Hawkins, Emma L., additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Hidiroglu Ongun, Ceren, additional, Hillegers, Manon H. J., additional, Houenou, Josselin, additional, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., additional, Hultman, Christina M., additional, Ingvar, Martin, additional, Johansson, Viktoria, additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Kane, Fergus, additional, Kempton, Matthew J., additional, Koenis, Marinka M. G., additional, Kopecek, Miloslav, additional, Krämer, Bernd, additional, Lawrie, Stephen M., additional, Lenroot, Rhoshel K., additional, Marcelis, Machteld, additional, Mattay, Venkata S., additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, Meyer‐Lindenberg, Andreas, additional, Michielse, Stijn, additional, Mitchell, Philip B., additional, Moreno, Dolores, additional, Murray, Robin M., additional, Mwangi, Benson, additional, Nabulsi, Leila, additional, Newport, Jason, additional, Olman, Cheryl A., additional, Os, Jim, additional, Overs, Bronwyn J., additional, Ozerdem, Aysegul, additional, Pergola, Giulio, additional, Picchioni, Marco M., additional, Piguet, Camille, additional, Pomarol‐Clotet, Edith, additional, Radua, Joaquim, additional, Ramsay, Ian S., additional, Richter, Anja, additional, Roberts, Gloria, additional, Salvador, Raymond, additional, Saricicek Aydogan, Aybala, additional, Sarró, Salvador, additional, Schofield, Peter R., additional, Simsek, Esma M., additional, Simsek, Fatma, additional, Soares, Jair C., additional, Sponheim, Scott R., additional, Sugranyes, Gisela, additional, Toulopoulou, Timothea, additional, Tronchin, Giulia, additional, Vieta, Eduard, additional, Walter, Henrik, additional, Weinberger, Daniel R., additional, Whalley, Heather C., additional, Wu, Mon‐Ju, additional, Yalin, Nefize, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Ching, Christopher R. K., additional, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., additional, Erp, Theo G. M., additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Thompson, Paul M., additional, Kahn, René S., additional, and Haren, Neeltje E. M., additional
Published: 2020
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27. Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch adjustment method in ENIGMA

Author: Radua, Joaquim, primary, Vieta, Eduard, additional, Shinohara, Russell, additional, Kochunov, Peter, additional, Quidé, Yann, additional, Green, Melissa J., additional, Weickert, Cynthia S., additional, Weickert, Thomas, additional, Bruggemann, Jason, additional, Kircher, Tilo, additional, Nenadić, Igor, additional, Cairns, Murray J., additional, Seal, Marc, additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Henskens, Frans, additional, Fullerton, Janice M., additional, Mowry, Bryan, additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Lenroot, Rhoshel, additional, Cropley, Vanessa, additional, Loughland, Carmel, additional, Scott, Rodney, additional, Wolf, Daniel, additional, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., additional, Tan, Yunlong, additional, Sim, Kang, additional, Piras, Fabrizio, additional, Spalletta, Gianfranco, additional, Banaj, Nerisa, additional, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, additional, Solanes, Aleix, additional, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, additional, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., additional, Sarro, Salvador, additional, Di Giorgio, Annabella, additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, Stäblein, Michael, additional, Oertel, Viola, additional, Knöchel, Christian, additional, Borgwardt, Stefan, additional, du Plessis, Stefan, additional, Yun, Je-Yeon, additional, Kwon, Jun Soo, additional, Dannlowski, Udo, additional, Hahn, Tim, additional, Grotegerd, Dominik, additional, Alloza, Clara, additional, Arango, Celso, additional, Janssen, Joost, additional, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga, additional, Jiang, Wenhao, additional, Calhoun, Vince, additional, Ehrlich, Stefan, additional, Yang, Kun, additional, Cascella, Nicola G., additional, Takayanagi, Yoichiro, additional, Sawa, Akira, additional, Tomyshev, Alexander, additional, Lebedeva, Irina, additional, Kaleda, Vasily, additional, Kirschner, Matthias, additional, Hoschl, Cyril, additional, Tomecek, David, additional, Skoch, Antonin, additional, van Amelsvoort, Therese, additional, Bakker, Geor, additional, James, Anthony, additional, Preda, Adrian, additional, Weideman, Andrea, additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Howells, Fleur, additional, Uhlmann, Anne, additional, Temmingh, Henk, additional, López-Jaramillo, Carlos, additional, Díaz-Zuluaga, Ana, additional, Fortea, Lydia, additional, Martinez-Heras, Eloy, additional, Solana, Elisabeth, additional, Llufriu, Sara, additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Thompson, Paul, additional, Turner, Jessica, additional, van Erp, Theo, additional, Glahn, David, additional, Pearlson, Godfrey, additional, Hong, Elliot, additional, Krug, Axel, additional, Carr, Vaughan, additional, Tooney, Paul, additional, Cooper, Gavin, additional, Rasser, Paul, additional, Michie, Patricia, additional, Catts, Stanley, additional, Gur, Raquel, additional, Gur, Ruben, additional, Yang, Fude, additional, Fan, Fengmei, additional, Chen, Jingxu, additional, Guo, Hua, additional, Tan, Shuping, additional, Wang, Zhiren, additional, Xiang, Hong, additional, Piras, Federica, additional, Assogna, Francesca, additional, Salvador, Raymond, additional, McKenna, Peter, additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, King, Margaret, additional, Kaiser, Stefan, additional, Nguyen, Dana, additional, and Pineda-Zapata, Julian, additional
Published: 2020
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28. Subcortical Volume Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Author: Dima, Danai, primary, Papachristou, Efstathios, additional, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, additional, Doucet, Gaelle E, additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Aghajani, Moji, additional, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, additional, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, additional, Alnæs, Dag, additional, Alpert, Kathryn I, additional, Andersson, Micael, additional, Andreasen, Nancy, additional, Andreassen, Ole A, additional, Asherson, Philip, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Bargallo, Nuria, additional, Baumeister, Sarah, additional, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Borgwardt, Stefan, additional, Bourque, Josiane, additional, Brandeis, Daniel, additional, Breier, Alan, additional, Brodaty, Henry, additional, Brouwer, Rachel M, additional, Buitelaar, Jan K, additional, Busatto, Geraldo F, additional, Buckner, Randy L, additional, Calhoun, Vincent, additional, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, additional, Cannon, Dara M, additional, Caseras, Xavier, additional, Castellanos, Francisco X, additional, Cervenka, Simon, additional, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, additional, Ching, Christopher RK, additional, Clark, Vincent P, additional, Conrod, Patricia, additional, Conzelmann, Annette, additional, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, additional, Crivello, Fabrice, additional, Crone, Eveline AM, additional, Dale, Anders M, additional, Davey, Cristopher, additional, de Geus, Eco JC, additional, de Haan, Lieuwe, additional, de Zubicaray, Greig I, additional, den Braber, Anouk, additional, Dickie, Erin W, additional, Di Giorgio, Annabella, additional, Doan, Nhat Trung, additional, Dørum, Erlend S, additional, Ehrlich, Stefan, additional, Erk, Susanne, additional, Espeseth, Thomas, additional, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, additional, Fisher, Simon E, additional, Fouche, Jean-Paul, additional, Franke, Barbara, additional, Frodl, Thomas, additional, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, additional, Glahn, David C, additional, Gotlib, Ian H, additional, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, additional, Grimm, Oliver, additional, Groenewold, Nynke A, additional, Grotegerd, Dominik, additional, Gruber, Oliver, additional, Gruner, Patricia, additional, Gur, Rachel E, additional, Gur, Ruben C, additional, Harrison, Ben J, additional, Hartman, Catharine A, additional, Hatton, Sean N, additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, additional, Hibar, Derrek P, additional, Hickie, Ian B, additional, Ho, Beng-Choon, additional, Hoekstra, Pieter J, additional, Hohmann, Sarah, additional, Holmes, Avram J, additional, Hoogman, Martine, additional, Hosten, Norbert, additional, Howells, Fleur M, additional, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, James, Anthony, additional, Jiang, Jiyang, additional, Jönsson, Erik G, additional, Joska, John A, additional, Kahn, Rene, additional, Kalnin, Andrew, additional, Kanai, Ryota, additional, Kang, Sim, additional, Klein, Marieke, additional, Klushnik, Tatyana P, additional, Koenders, Laura, additional, Koops, Sanne, additional, Krämer, Bernd, additional, Kuntsi, Jonna, additional, Lagopoulos, Jim, additional, Lázaro, Luisa, additional, Lebedeva, Irina, additional, Lee, Won Hee, additional, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, additional, Lochner, Christine, additional, Machielsen, Marise WJ, additional, Maingault, Sophie, additional, Martin, Nicholas G, additional, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, additional, Mataix-Cols, David, additional, Mazoyer, Bernard, additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, McDonald, Brenna C, additional, McIntosh, Andrew M, additional, McMahon, Katie L, additional, McPhilemy, Genevieve, additional, Menchón, José M, additional, Medland, Sarah E, additional, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, additional, Naaijen, Jilly, additional, Najt, Pablo, additional, Nakao, Tomohiro, additional, Nordvik, Jan E, additional, Nyberg, Lars, additional, Oosterlaan, Jaap, additional, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, additional, Paloyelis, Yannis, additional, Pauli, Paul, additional, Pergola, Giulio, additional, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, additional, Portella, Maria J, additional, Potkin, Steven G, additional, Radua, Joaquim, additional, Reif, Andreas, additional, Roffman, Joshua L, additional, Rosa, Pedro GP, additional, Sacchet, Matthew D, additional, Sachdev, Perminder S, additional, Salvador, Raymond, additional, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, additional, Sarró, Salvador, additional, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, additional, Saykin, Andrew J, additional, Serpa, Mauricio H, additional, Schmaal, Lianne, additional, Schnell, Knut, additional, Schumann, Gunter, additional, Smoller, Jordan W, additional, Sommer, Iris, additional, Soriano-Mas, Carles, additional, Stein, Dan J, additional, Strike, Lachlan T, additional, Swagerman, Suzanne C, additional, Tamnes, Christian K, additional, Temmingh, Henk S, additional, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, additional, Tomyshev, Alexander S, additional, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, additional, Trollor, Julian N, additional, Turner, Jessica A, additional, Uhlmann, Anne, additional, van den Heuvel, Odille A, additional, van den Meer, Dennis, additional, van der Wee, Nic JA, additional, van Haren, Neeltje EM, additional, van ’t Ent, Dennis, additional, van Erp, Theo GM, additional, Veer, Ilya M, additional, Veltman, Dick J, additional, Völzke, Henry, additional, Walter, Henrik, additional, Walton, Esther, additional, Wang, Lei, additional, Wang, Yang, additional, Wassink, Thomas H, additional, Weber, Bernd, additional, Wen, Wei, additional, West, John D, additional, Westlye, Lars T, additional, Whalley, Heather, additional, Wierenga, Lara M, additional, Williams, Steven CR, additional, Wittfeld, Katharina, additional, Wolf, Daniel H, additional, Worker, Amanda, additional, Wright, Margaret J, additional, Yang, Kun, additional, Yoncheva, Yulyia, additional, Zanetti, Marcus V, additional, Ziegler, Georg C, additional, Thompson, Paul M, additional, and Frangou, Sophia, additional
Published: 2020
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29. Cortical Thickness Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Author: Frangou, Sophia, primary, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, additional, Doucet, Gaelle E, additional, Papachristou, Efstathios, additional, Williams, Steven CR, additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Aghajani, Moji, additional, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, additional, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, additional, Alnæs, Dag, additional, Alpert, Kathryn I, additional, Andersson, Micael, additional, Andreasen, Nancy, additional, Andreassen, Ole A, additional, Asherson, Philip, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Bargallo, Nuria, additional, Baumeister, Sarah, additional, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Borgwardt, Stefan, additional, Bourque, Josiane, additional, Brandeis, Daniel, additional, Breier, Alan, additional, Brodaty, Henry, additional, Brouwer, Rachel M, additional, Buitelaar, Jan K, additional, Busatto, Geraldo F, additional, Buckner, Randy L, additional, Calhoun, Vincent, additional, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, additional, Cannon, Dara M, additional, Caseras, Xavier, additional, Castellanos, Francisco X, additional, Cervenka, Simon, additional, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, additional, Ching, Christopher RK, additional, Clark, Vincent P, additional, Conrod, Patricia, additional, Conzelmann, Annette, additional, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, additional, Crivello, Fabrice, additional, Crone, Eveline AM, additional, Dale, Anders M, additional, Davey, Cristopher, additional, de Geus, Eco JC, additional, de Haan, Lieuwe, additional, de Zubicaray, Greig I, additional, Braber, Anouk den, additional, Dickie, Erin W, additional, Di Giorgio, Annabella, additional, Doan, Nhat Trung, additional, Dørum, Erlend S, additional, Ehrlich, Stefan, additional, Erk, Susanne, additional, Espeseth, Thomas, additional, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, additional, Fisher, Simon E, additional, Fouche, Jean-Paul, additional, Franke, Barbara, additional, Frodl, Thomas, additional, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, additional, Glahn, David C, additional, Gotlib, Ian H, additional, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, additional, Grimm, Oliver, additional, Groenewold, Nynke A, additional, Grotegerd, Dominik, additional, Gruber, Oliver, additional, Gruner, Patricia, additional, Gur, Rachel E, additional, Gur, Ruben C, additional, Harrison, Ben J, additional, Hartman, Catharine A, additional, Hatton, Sean N, additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, additional, Hibar, Derrek P, additional, Hickie, Ian B, additional, Ho, Beng-Choon, additional, Hoekstra, Pieter J, additional, Hohmann, Sarah, additional, Holmes, Avram J, additional, Hoogman, Martine, additional, Hosten, Norbert, additional, Howells, Fleur M, additional, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, James, Anthony, additional, Jiang, Jiyang, additional, Jönsson, Erik G, additional, Joska, John A, additional, Kahn, Rene, additional, Kalnin, Andrew, additional, Kanai, Ryota, additional, Kang, Sim, additional, Klein, Marieke, additional, Klushnik, Tatyana P, additional, Koenders, Laura, additional, Koops, Sanne, additional, Krämer, Bernd, additional, Kuntsi, Jonna, additional, Lagopoulos, Jim, additional, Lázaro, Luisa, additional, Lebedeva, Irina, additional, Lee, Won Hee, additional, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, additional, Lochner, Christine, additional, Machielsen, Marise WJ, additional, Maingault, Sophie, additional, Martin, Nicholas G, additional, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, additional, Mataix-Cols, David, additional, Mazoyer, Bernard, additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, McDonald, Brenna C, additional, McIntosh, Andrew M, additional, McMahon, Katie L, additional, McPhilemy, Genevieve, additional, Menchón, José M, additional, Medland, Sarah E, additional, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, additional, Naaijen, Jilly, additional, Najt, Pablo, additional, Nakao, Tomohiro, additional, Nordvik, Jan E, additional, Nyberg, Lars, additional, Oosterlaan, Jaap, additional, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, additional, Paloyelis, Yannis, additional, Pauli, Paul, additional, Pergola, Giulio, additional, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, additional, Portella, Maria J, additional, Potkin, Steven G, additional, Radua, Joaquim, additional, Reif, Andreas, additional, Roffman, Joshua L, additional, Rosa, Pedro GP, additional, Sacchet, Matthew D, additional, Sachdev, Perminder S, additional, Salvador, Raymond, additional, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, additional, Sarró, Salvador, additional, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, additional, Saykin, Andrew J, additional, Serpa, Mauricio H, additional, Schmaal, Lianne, additional, Schnell, Knut, additional, Schumann, Gunter, additional, Smoller, Jordan W, additional, Sommer, Iris, additional, Soriano-Mas, Carles, additional, Stein, Dan J, additional, Strike, Lachlan T, additional, Swagerman, Suzanne C, additional, Tamnes, Christian K, additional, Temmingh, Henk S, additional, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, additional, Tomyshev, Alexander S, additional, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, additional, Trollor, Julian N, additional, Turner, Jessica A, additional, Uhlmann, Anne, additional, van den Heuvel, Odille A, additional, van den Meer, Dennis, additional, van der Wee, Nic JA, additional, van Haren, Neeltje EM, additional, van ’t Ent, Dennis, additional, van Erp, Theo GM, additional, Veer, Ilya M, additional, Veltman, Dick J, additional, Völzke, Henry, additional, Walter, Henrik, additional, Walton, Esther, additional, Wang, Lei, additional, Wang, Yang, additional, Wassink, Thomas H, additional, Weber, Bernd, additional, Wen, Wei, additional, West, John D, additional, Westlye, Lars T, additional, Whalley, Heather, additional, Wierenga, Lara M, additional, Wittfeld, Katharina, additional, Wolf, Daniel H, additional, Wright, Margaret J, additional, Yang, Kun, additional, Yoncheva, Yulyia, additional, Zanetti, Marcus V, additional, Ziegler, Georg C, additional, Thompson, Paul M, additional, and Dima, Danai, additional
Published: 2020
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30. The interaction between cannabis use and a CB1-related polygenic co-expression index modulates dorsolateral prefrontal activity during working memory processing

Author: Taurisano, Paolo, primary, Pergola, Giulio, additional, Monda, Anna, additional, Antonucci, Linda A., additional, Di Carlo, Pasquale, additional, Piarulli, Francesco, additional, Passiatore, Roberta, additional, Papalino, Marco, additional, Romano, Raffaella, additional, Monaco, Alfonso, additional, Rampino, Antonio, additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, Porcelli, Annamaria, additional, Popolizio, Teresa, additional, Bellotti, Roberto, additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, and Blasi, Giuseppe, additional
Published: 2020
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31. The Association Between Familial Risk and Brain Abnormalities Is Disease Specific : An ENIGMA-Relatives Study of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Author: de Zwarte, Sonja M C, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Aleman, André, Alpert, Kathryn I, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bois, Catherine, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E L, Cahn, Wiepke, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Frankland, Andrew, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Hillegers, Manon H J, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka M G, van Os, Jim, Kahn, René, van Haren, Neeltje E M, and ENIGMA Relatives Working Group
Subjects: Meta-analysis, Bipolar disorder, Neurodevelopment, Schizophrenia, Journal Article, Familial risk, Biological Psychiatry, Imaging
Abstract: Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of global and subcortical brain measures of 6008 individuals (1228 FDRs-SZ, 852 FDRs-BD, 2246 control subjects, 1016 patients with schizophrenia, 666 patients with bipolar disorder) from 34 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts with standardized methods. Analyses were repeated with a correction for intracranial volume (ICV) and for the presence of any psychopathology in the relatives and control subjects. Results: FDRs-BD had significantly larger ICV (d = +0.16, q
Published: 2019

32. The association between familial risk and brain abnormalities is disease specific : an ENIGMA-relatives study of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Author: de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., Brouwer, Rachel M., Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Aleman, André, Alpert, Kathryn I., Bearden, Carrie E., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bois, Catherine, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E. L., Cahn, Wiepke, Cannon, Dara M., Cannon, Tyrone D., Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E., Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fears, Scott C., Foley, Sonya F., Frangou, Sophia, Frankland, Andrew, Fullerton, Janice M., Glahn, David C., Goghari, Vina M., Goldman, Aaron L., Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L., Heinz, Andreas, Hillegers, Manon H. J., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Hultman, Christina M., Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G., Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J., Koenis, Marinka M. G., Kopecek, Miloslav, Krabbendam, Lydia, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M., Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Marcelis, Machteld, Marsman, Jan-Bernard C., Mattay, Venkata S., McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B., Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M., Mwangi, Benson, Najt, Pablo, Neilson, Emma, Newport, Jason, van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn, Ozerdem, Aysegul, Picchioni, Marco M., Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Aydogan, Aybala Saricicek, Schofield, Peter R., Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C., Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Weinberger, Daniel R., Whalley, Heather C., Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R. K., van Erp, Theo G. M., Turner, Jessica A., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., Kahn, René S., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., Brouwer, Rachel M., Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Aleman, André, Alpert, Kathryn I., Bearden, Carrie E., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bois, Catherine, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E. L., Cahn, Wiepke, Cannon, Dara M., Cannon, Tyrone D., Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E., Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fears, Scott C., Foley, Sonya F., Frangou, Sophia, Frankland, Andrew, Fullerton, Janice M., Glahn, David C., Goghari, Vina M., Goldman, Aaron L., Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L., Heinz, Andreas, Hillegers, Manon H. J., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Hultman, Christina M., Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G., Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J., Koenis, Marinka M. G., Kopecek, Miloslav, Krabbendam, Lydia, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M., Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Marcelis, Machteld, Marsman, Jan-Bernard C., Mattay, Venkata S., McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B., Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M., Mwangi, Benson, Najt, Pablo, Neilson, Emma, Newport, Jason, van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn, Ozerdem, Aysegul, Picchioni, Marco M., Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Aydogan, Aybala Saricicek, Schofield, Peter R., Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C., Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Weinberger, Daniel R., Whalley, Heather C., Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R. K., van Erp, Theo G. M., Turner, Jessica A., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., Kahn, René S., and van Haren, Neeltje E. M.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of global and subcortical brain measures of 6008 individuals (1228 FDRs-SZ, 852 FDRs-BD, 2246 control subjects, 1016 patients with schizophrenia, 666 patients with bipolar disorder) from 34 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts with standardized methods. Analyses were repeated with a correction for intracranial volume (ICV) and for the presence of any psychopathology in the relatives and control subjects. RESULTS: FDRs-BD had significantly larger ICV (d = +0.16, q < .05 corrected), whereas FDRs-SZ showed smaller thalamic volumes than control subjects (d = -0.12, q < .05 corrected). ICV explained the enlargements in the brain measures in FDRs-BD. In FDRs-SZ, after correction for ICV, total brain, cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, cerebellar gray and white matter, and thalamus volumes were significantly smaller; the cortex was thinner (d < -0.09, q < .05 corrected); and third ventricle was larger (d = +0.15, q < .05 corrected). The findings were not explained by psychopathology in the relatives or control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite shared genetic liability, FDRs-SZ and FDRs-BD show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities, specifically a divergent effect in ICV. This may imply that the neurodevelopmental trajectories leading to brain anomalies in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are distinct.
Published: 2019
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33. The Association Between Familial Risk and Brain Abnormalities Is Disease Specific: An ENIGMA-Relatives Study of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Author: Onderzoeksgroep 8, Brain, Onderzoeksgroep 1, Onderzoek, Diagnostiek & Vroege Psychose Medisch, Hersenen-Medisch 1, Onderzoeksgroep 11, de Zwarte, Sonja M C, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Aleman, André, Alpert, Kathryn I, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bois, Catherine, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E L, Cahn, Wiepke, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Frankland, Andrew, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Hillegers, Manon H J, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka M G, van Os, Jim, Kahn, René, van Haren, Neeltje E M, ENIGMA Relatives Working Group, Onderzoeksgroep 8, Brain, Onderzoeksgroep 1, Onderzoek, Diagnostiek & Vroege Psychose Medisch, Hersenen-Medisch 1, Onderzoeksgroep 11, de Zwarte, Sonja M C, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Aleman, André, Alpert, Kathryn I, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bois, Catherine, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth E L, Cahn, Wiepke, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Frankland, Andrew, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Hillegers, Manon H J, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka M G, van Os, Jim, Kahn, René, van Haren, Neeltje E M, and ENIGMA Relatives Working Group
Published: 2019

34. Cortical brain abnormalities in 4474 individuals with schizophrenia and 5098 controls via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: van Erp, Theo GM., Walton, Esther, Hibar, Derrek P., Schmaal, Lianne, Jiang, Wenhao, Glahn, David C., Pearlson, Godfrey D., Yao, Nailin, Fukunaga, Masaki, Hashimoto, Ryota, Okada, Naohiro, Yamamori, Hidenaga, Bustillo, Juan R., Clark, Vincent P., Agartz, Ingrid, Mueller, Bryon A., Cahn, Wiepke, de Zwarte, Sonja MC., Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ophoff, Roel A., van Haren, Neeltje EM., Andreassen, Ole A., Dale, Anders M., Doan, Nhat Trung, Gurholt, Tiril P., Hartberg, Cecilie B., Haukvik, Unn K., Jørgensen, Kjetil N., Lagerberg, Trine V., Melle, Ingrid, Westlye, Lars T., Gruber, Oliver, Kraemer, Bernd, Richter, Anja, Zilles, David, Calhoun, Vince D., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Loughland, Carmel, Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley, Cropley, Vanessa L., Fullerton, Janice M., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans, Jablensky, Assen, Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Mowry, Bryan J., Michie, Patricia T., Pantelis, Christos, Quidé, Yann, Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Cairns, Murray J., Seal, Marc, Tooney, Paul A., Rasser, Paul E., Cooper, Gavin, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., Morris, Derek W., Hong, Elliot, Kochunov, Peter, Beard, Lauren M., Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Wolf, Daniel H., Belger, Aysenil, Brown, Gregory G., Ford, Judith M., Macciardi, Fabio, Mathalon, Daniel H., O’Leary, Daniel S., Potkin, Steven G., Preda, Adrian, Voyvodic, James, Lim, Kelvin O., McEwen, Sarah, Yang, Fude, Tan, Yunlong, Tan, Shuping, Wang, Zhiren, Fan, Fengmei, Chen, Jingxu, Xiang, Hong, Tang, Shiyou, Guo, Hua, Wan, Ping, Wei, Dong, Bockholt, Henry J., Ehrlich, Stefan, Wolthusen, Rick PF., King, Margaret D., Shoemaker, Jody M., Sponheim, Scott R., De Haan, Lieuwe, Koenders, Laura, Machielsen, Marise W., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Veltman, Dick J., Assogna, Francesca, Banaj, Nerisa, de Rossi, Pietro, Iorio, Mariangela, Piras, Fabrizio, Spalletta, Gianfranco, McKenna, Peter J., Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Salvador, Raymond, Corvin, Aiden, Donohoe, Gary, Kelly, Sinead, Whelan, Christopher D., Dickie, Erin W., Rotenberg, David, Voineskos, Aristotle, Ciufolini, Simone, Radua, Joaquim, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin, Marques, Tiago Reis, Simmons, Andrew, Borgwardt, Stefan, Egloff, Laura, Harrisberger, Fabienne, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, Smieskova, Renata, Alpert, Kathryn I., Wang, Lei, Jönsson, Erik G., Koops, Sanne, Sommer, Iris EC., Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Neilson, Emma, Mayer, Andrew R., Stephen, Julia M., Kwon, Jun Soo, Yun, Je-Yeon, Cannon, Dara M., McDonald, Colm, Lebedeva, Irina, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Akhadov, Tolibjohn, Kaleda, Vasily, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Flyckt, Lena, Busatto, Geraldo F., Rosa, Pedro GP., Serpa, Mauricio H., Zanetti, Marcus V., Hoschl, Cyril, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Tomecek, David, Hagenaars, Saskia P., McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., Knöchel, Christian, Oertel-Knöchel, Viola, Stäblein, Michael, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk, Uhlmann, Anne, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Dima, Danai, McMahon, Agnes, Faskowitz, Joshua I., Gutman, Boris A., Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M., and Turner, Jessica A.
Subjects: Data Aggregation, Schizophrenia, Brain, Humans, Cooperative Behavior, Social Behavior, Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND. The profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This study presents the first meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities in schizophrenia conducted by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis) Schizophrenia Working Group. METHOD. The study included data from 4474 individuals with schizophrenia (mean age=32.3, range: 11–78; 66% male) and 5098 healthy volunteers (mean age=32.8, range: 10–87; 53% male), assessed with standardized methods, at 39 centers worldwide. RESULTS. Compared to healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia have widespread thinner cortex (left/right hemisphere: Cohen’s d=−0.530/−0.516) and smaller surface area (left/right hemisphere: d=−0.251/−0.254), with the largest effect sizes for both in frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regional group differences in cortical thickness remained significant when statistically controlling for global cortical thickness, suggesting regional specificity. In contrast, the effects for cortical surface area appear global. Case-control, negative, cortical thickness effect sizes were 2 to 3 times larger in antipsychotic medicated relative to unmedicated individuals. Negative correlations between age and bilateral temporal pole thickness were stronger in individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers. Regional cortical thickness showed significant negative correlations with normalized medication dose, symptom severity, and duration of illness, and positive correlations with age at onset. CONCLUSIONS. The findings indicate that the ENIGMA meta-analysis approach can achieve robust findings in clinical neuroscience studies; also, medication effects should be taken into account in future genetic association studies of cortical thickness in schizophrenia.
Published: 2018

35. An overlapping pattern of cerebral cortical thinning is associated with both positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: Wong, Ting Yat, primary, Radua, Joaquim, additional, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, additional, Salvador, Raymond, additional, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, additional, Solanes, Aleix, additional, Canales-Rodriguez, Erick J., additional, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, additional, Sarro, Salvador, additional, Kircher, Tilo, additional, Nenadic, Igor, additional, Krug, Axel, additional, Grotegerd, Dominik, additional, Dannlowski, Udo, additional, Borgwardt, Stefan, additional, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, additional, Schmidt, Andre, additional, Andreou, Christina, additional, Huber, Christian G., additional, Turner, Jessica, additional, Calhoun, Vince, additional, Jiang, Wenhao, additional, Clark, Sarah, additional, Walton, Esther, additional, Spalletta, Gianfranco, additional, Banaj, Nerisa, additional, Piras, Fabrizio, additional, Ciullo, Valentina, additional, Vecchio, Daniela, additional, Lebedeva, Irina, additional, Tomyshev, Alexander S., additional, Kaleda, Vasily, additional, Klushnik, Tatyana, additional, Filho, Geraldo Busatto, additional, Zanetti, Marcus Vinicius, additional, Serpa, Mauricio Henriques, additional, Penteado Rosa, Pedro Gomes, additional, Hashimoto, Ryota, additional, Fukunaga, Masaki, additional, Richter, Anja, additional, Krämer, Bernd, additional, Gruber, Oliver, additional, Voineskos, Aristotle N., additional, Dickie, Erin W., additional, Tomecek, David, additional, Skoch, Antonin, additional, Spaniel, Filip, additional, Hoschl, Cyril, additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, Di Giorgio, Annabella, additional, Holleran, Laurena, additional, Ciufolini, Simone, additional, Marques, Tiago Reis, additional, Dazzan, Paola, additional, Murray, Robin, additional, Lamsma, Jelle, additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, van Haren, Neeltje, additional, Díaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., additional, Pineda-Zapata, Julián A., additional, Vargas, Cristian, additional, López-Jaramillo, Carlos, additional, van Erp, Theo G. M., additional, Gur, Ruben C., additional, and Nickl-Jockschat, Thomas, additional
Published: 2019
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36. Multivariate patterns of gray matter volume in thalamic nuclei are associated with positive schizotypy in healthy individuals

Author: Di Carlo, Pasquale, primary, Pergola, Giulio, additional, Antonucci, Linda A., additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, Mancini, Marina, additional, Quarto, Tiziana, additional, Rampino, Antonio, additional, Popolizio, Teresa, additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, and Blasi, Giuseppe, additional
Published: 2019
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37. Reply to: New Meta- and Mega-analyses of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Schizophrenia: Do They Really Increase Our Knowledge About the Nature of the Disease Process?

Author: van Erp, Theo G.M., primary, Walton, Esther, additional, Hibar, Derrek P., additional, Schmaal, Lianne, additional, Jiang, Wenhao, additional, Glahn, David C., additional, Pearlson, Godfrey D., additional, Yao, Nailin, additional, Fukunaga, Masaki, additional, Hashimoto, Ryota, additional, Okada, Naohiro, additional, Yamamori, Hidenaga, additional, Clark, Vincent P., additional, Mueller, Bryon A., additional, de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., additional, Ophoff, Roel A., additional, van Haren, Neeltje E.M., additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Gurholt, Tiril P., additional, Gruber, Oliver, additional, Kraemer, Bernd, additional, Richter, Anja, additional, Calhoun, Vince D., additional, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, additional, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, additional, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, additional, Loughland, Carmel, additional, Catts, Stanley, additional, Fullerton, Janice M., additional, Green, Melissa J., additional, Henskens, Frans, additional, Jablensky, Assen, additional, Mowry, Bryan J., additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Quidé, Yann, additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Scott, Rodney J., additional, Cairns, Murray J., additional, Seal, Marc, additional, Tooney, Paul A., additional, Rasser, Paul E., additional, Cooper, Gavin, additional, Shannon Weickert, Cynthia, additional, Weickert, Thomas W., additional, Hong, Elliot, additional, Kochunov, Peter, additional, Gur, Raquel E., additional, Gur, Ruben C., additional, Ford, Judith M., additional, Macciardi, Fabio, additional, Mathalon, Daniel H., additional, Potkin, Steven G., additional, Preda, Adrian, additional, Fan, Fengmei, additional, Ehrlich, Stefan, additional, King, Margaret D., additional, De Haan, Lieuwe, additional, Veltman, Dick J., additional, Assogna, Francesca, additional, Banaj, Nerisa, additional, de Rossi, Pietro, additional, Iorio, Mariangela, additional, Piras, Fabrizio, additional, Spalletta, Gianfranco, additional, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, additional, Kelly, Sinead, additional, Ciufolini, Simone, additional, Radua, Joaquim, additional, Murray, Robin, additional, Marques, Tiago Reis, additional, Simmons, Andrew, additional, Borgwardt, Stefan, additional, Schönborn-Harrisberger, Fabienne, additional, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, additional, Smieskova, Renata, additional, Alpert, Kathryn I., additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, Di Giorgio, Annabella, additional, Neilson, Emma, additional, Mayer, Andrew R., additional, Yun, Je-Yeon, additional, Cannon, Dara M., additional, Lebedeva, Irina, additional, Tomyshev, Alexander S., additional, Akhadov, Tolibjohn, additional, Kaleda, Vasily, additional, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, additional, Flyckt, Lena, additional, Rosa, Pedro G.P., additional, Serpa, Mauricio H., additional, Zanetti, Marcus V., additional, Hoschl, Cyril, additional, Skoch, Antonin, additional, Spaniel, Filip, additional, Tomecek, David, additional, McIntosh, Andrew M., additional, Whalley, Heather C., additional, Knöchel, Christian, additional, Oertel-Knöchel, Viola, additional, Howells, Fleur M., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Temmingh, Henk S., additional, Uhlmann, Anne, additional, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, additional, Dima, Danai, additional, Faskowitz, Joshua I., additional, Gutman, Boris A., additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Thompson, Paul M., additional, Turner, Jessica A., additional, Farde, Lars, additional, Cervenka, Simon, additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Collste, Karin, additional, Victorsson, Pauliina, additional, Engberg, Göran, additional, Erhardt, Sophie, additional, Schwieler, Lilly, additional, Malmqvist, Anna, additional, Hedberg, Mikael, additional, Orhan, Funda, additional, and Piehl, Fredrik, additional
Published: 2019
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38. Multivariate patterns of gray matter volume in thalamic nuclei are associated with positive schizotypy in healthy individuals.

Author: Di Carlo, Pasquale, Pergola, Giulio, Antonucci, Linda A., Bonvino, Aurora, Mancini, Marina, Quarto, Tiziana, Rampino, Antonio, Popolizio, Teresa, Bertolino, Alessandro, and Blasi, Giuseppe
Subjects: DIAGNOSIS of schizophrenia, SCHIZOPHRENIA risk factors, ALGORITHMS, MACHINE learning, MULTIVARIATE analysis, QUESTIONNAIRES, RISK assessment, THALAMUS, PHENOTYPES, CASE-control method, GRAY matter (Nerve tissue)
Abstract: Background: Previous models suggest biological and behavioral continua among healthy individuals (HC), at-risk condition, and full-blown schizophrenia (SCZ). Part of these continua may be captured by schizotypy, which shares subclinical traits and biological phenotypes with SCZ, including thalamic structural abnormalities. In this regard, previous findings have suggested that multivariate volumetric patterns of individual thalamic nuclei discriminate HC from SCZ. These results were obtained using machine learning, which allows case–control classification at the single-subject level. However, machine learning accuracy is usually unsatisfactory possibly due to phenotype heterogeneity. Indeed, a source of misclassification may be related to thalamic structural characteristics of those HC with high schizotypy, which may resemble structural abnormalities of SCZ. We hypothesized that thalamic structural heterogeneity is related to schizotypy, such that high schizotypal burden would implicate misclassification of those HC whose thalamic patterns resemble SCZ abnormalities. Methods: Following a previous report, we used Random Forests to predict diagnosis in a case–control sample (SCZ = 131, HC = 255) based on thalamic nuclei gray matter volumes estimates. Then, we investigated whether the likelihood to be classified as SCZ (π-SCZ) was associated with schizotypy in 174 HC, evaluated with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Results: Prediction accuracy was 72.5%. Misclassified HC had higher positive schizotypy scores, which were correlated with π-SCZ. Results were specific to thalamic rather than whole-brain structural features. Conclusions: These findings strengthen the relevance of thalamic structural abnormalities to SCZ and suggest that multivariate thalamic patterns are correlates of the continuum between schizotypy in HC and the full-blown disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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39. Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium

Author: van Erp, Theo G.M., primary, Walton, Esther, additional, Hibar, Derrek P., additional, Schmaal, Lianne, additional, Jiang, Wenhao, additional, Glahn, David C., additional, Pearlson, Godfrey D., additional, Yao, Nailin, additional, Fukunaga, Masaki, additional, Hashimoto, Ryota, additional, Okada, Naohiro, additional, Yamamori, Hidenaga, additional, Bustillo, Juan R., additional, Clark, Vincent P., additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Mueller, Bryon A., additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., additional, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., additional, Kahn, René S., additional, Ophoff, Roel A., additional, van Haren, Neeltje E.M., additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Dale, Anders M., additional, Doan, Nhat Trung, additional, Gurholt, Tiril P., additional, Hartberg, Cecilie B., additional, Haukvik, Unn K., additional, Jørgensen, Kjetil N., additional, Lagerberg, Trine V., additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Westlye, Lars T., additional, Gruber, Oliver, additional, Kraemer, Bernd, additional, Richter, Anja, additional, Zilles, David, additional, Calhoun, Vince D., additional, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, additional, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, additional, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, additional, Loughland, Carmel, additional, Carr, Vaughan J., additional, Catts, Stanley, additional, Cropley, Vanessa L., additional, Fullerton, Janice M., additional, Green, Melissa J., additional, Henskens, Frans A., additional, Jablensky, Assen, additional, Lenroot, Rhoshel K., additional, Mowry, Bryan J., additional, Michie, Patricia T., additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Quidé, Yann, additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Scott, Rodney J., additional, Cairns, Murray J., additional, Seal, Marc, additional, Tooney, Paul A., additional, Rasser, Paul E., additional, Cooper, Gavin, additional, Shannon Weickert, Cynthia, additional, Weickert, Thomas W., additional, Morris, Derek W., additional, Hong, Elliot, additional, Kochunov, Peter, additional, Beard, Lauren M., additional, Gur, Raquel E., additional, Gur, Ruben C., additional, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., additional, Wolf, Daniel H., additional, Belger, Aysenil, additional, Brown, Gregory G., additional, Ford, Judith M., additional, Macciardi, Fabio, additional, Mathalon, Daniel H., additional, O’Leary, Daniel S., additional, Potkin, Steven G., additional, Preda, Adrian, additional, Voyvodic, James, additional, Lim, Kelvin O., additional, McEwen, Sarah, additional, Yang, Fude, additional, Tan, Yunlong, additional, Tan, Shuping, additional, Wang, Zhiren, additional, Fan, Fengmei, additional, Chen, Jingxu, additional, Xiang, Hong, additional, Tang, Shiyou, additional, Guo, Hua, additional, Wan, Ping, additional, Wei, Dong, additional, Bockholt, Henry J., additional, Ehrlich, Stefan, additional, Wolthusen, Rick P.F., additional, King, Margaret D., additional, Shoemaker, Jody M., additional, Sponheim, Scott R., additional, De Haan, Lieuwe, additional, Koenders, Laura, additional, Machielsen, Marise W., additional, van Amelsvoort, Therese, additional, Veltman, Dick J., additional, Assogna, Francesca, additional, Banaj, Nerisa, additional, de Rossi, Pietro, additional, Iorio, Mariangela, additional, Piras, Fabrizio, additional, Spalletta, Gianfranco, additional, McKenna, Peter J., additional, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, additional, Salvador, Raymond, additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Kelly, Sinead, additional, Whelan, Christopher D., additional, Dickie, Erin W., additional, Rotenberg, David, additional, Voineskos, Aristotle N., additional, Ciufolini, Simone, additional, Radua, Joaquim, additional, Dazzan, Paola, additional, Murray, Robin, additional, Reis Marques, Tiago, additional, Simmons, Andrew, additional, Borgwardt, Stefan, additional, Egloff, Laura, additional, Harrisberger, Fabienne, additional, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, additional, Smieskova, Renata, additional, Alpert, Kathryn I., additional, Wang, Lei, additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Koops, Sanne, additional, Sommer, Iris E.C., additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, Di Giorgio, Annabella, additional, Neilson, Emma, additional, Mayer, Andrew R., additional, Stephen, Julia M., additional, Kwon, Jun Soo, additional, Yun, Je-Yeon, additional, Cannon, Dara M., additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, Lebedeva, Irina, additional, Tomyshev, Alexander S., additional, Akhadov, Tolibjohn, additional, Kaleda, Vasily, additional, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, additional, Flyckt, Lena, additional, Busatto, Geraldo F., additional, Rosa, Pedro G.P., additional, Serpa, Mauricio H., additional, Zanetti, Marcus V., additional, Hoschl, Cyril, additional, Skoch, Antonin, additional, Spaniel, Filip, additional, Tomecek, David, additional, Hagenaars, Saskia P., additional, McIntosh, Andrew M., additional, Whalley, Heather C., additional, Lawrie, Stephen M., additional, Knöchel, Christian, additional, Oertel-Knöchel, Viola, additional, Stäblein, Michael, additional, Howells, Fleur M., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Temmingh, Henk S., additional, Uhlmann, Anne, additional, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, additional, Dima, Danai, additional, McMahon, Agnes, additional, Faskowitz, Joshua I., additional, Gutman, Boris A., additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Thompson, Paul M., additional, Turner, Jessica A., additional, Farde, Lars, additional, Engberg, Göran, additional, Erhardt, Sophie, additional, Cervenka, Simon, additional, Schwieler, Lilly, additional, Piehl, Fredrik, additional, Collste, Karin, additional, Victorsson, Pauliina, additional, Malmqvist, Anna, additional, Hedberg, Mikael, additional, and Orhan, Funda, additional
Published: 2018
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40. Interaction Between Functional Genetic Variation of DRD2 and Cannabis Use on Risk of Psychosis

Author: Colizzi, Marco, Iyegbe, Conrad, Powell, John, Ursini, Gianluca, Porcelli, Annamaria, Bonvino, Aurora, Taurisano, Paolo, Romano, Raffaella, Masellis, Rita, Blasi, Giuseppe, Morgan, Craig, Aitchison, Katherine, Mondelli, Valeria, Luzi, Sonija, Kolliakou, Anna, David, Anthony, Murray, Robin M., Bertolino, Alessandro, Forti, Marta Di, Colizzi, Marco, Iyegbe, Conrad, Powell, John, Ursini, Gianluca, Porcelli, Annamaria, Bonvino, Aurora, Taurisano, Paolo, Romano, Raffaella, Masellis, Rita, Blasi, Giuseppe, Morgan, Craig, Aitchison, Katherine, Mondelli, Valeria, Luzi, Sonija, Kolliakou, Anna, David, Anthony, Murray, Robin M., Bertolino, Alessandro, and Forti, Marta Di
Abstract: Both cannabis use and the dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene have been associated with schizophrenia, psychosis-like experiences, and cognition. However, there are no published data investigating whether genetically determined variation in DRD2 dopaminergic signaling might play a role in individual susceptibility to cannabis-associated psychosis. We genotyped (1) a case-control study of 272 patients with their first episode of psychosis and 234 controls, and also from (2) a sample of 252 healthy subjects, for functional variation in DRD2, rs1076560. Data on history of cannabis use were collected on all the studied subjects by administering the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. In the healthy subjects' sample, we also collected data on schizotypy and cognitive performance using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and the N-back working memory task. In the case-control study, we found a significant interaction between the rs1076560 DRD2 genotype and cannabis use in influencing the likelihood of a psychotic disorder. Among cannabis users, carriers of the DRD2, rs1076560, T allele showed a 3-fold increased probability to suffer a psychotic disorder compared with GG carriers (OR = 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-7.63). Among daily users, T carrying subjects showed a 5-fold increase in the odds of psychosis compared to GG carriers (OR = 4.82; 95% CI: 1.39-16.71). Among the healthy subjects, T carrying cannabis users had increased schizotypy compared with T carrying cannabis-naïve subjects, GG cannabis users, and GG cannabis-naïve subjects (all P ≤ .025). T carrying cannabis users had reduced working memory accuracy compared with the other groups (all P ≤ .008). Thus, variation of the DRD2, rs1076560, genotype may modulate the psychosis-inducing effect of cannabis use
Published: 2017

41. Functional Genetic Variation of the Cannabinoid Receptor 1 and Cannabis Use Interact on Prefrontal Connectivity and Related Working Memory Behavior

Author: Colizzi, Marco, primary, Fazio, Leonardo, additional, Ferranti, Laura, additional, Porcelli, Annamaria, additional, Masellis, Rita, additional, Marvulli, Daniela, additional, Bonvino, Aurora, additional, Ursini, Gianluca, additional, Blasi, Giuseppe, additional, and Bertolino, Alessandro, additional
Published: 2014
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42. Poster #M27 SERIOUS OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS CONTRIBUTE TO RISK FOR HIPPOCAMPAL DYSFUNCTION DURING RECOGNITION MEMORY

Author: Bonvino, Aurora, primary, Nettis, Maria Antonietta, additional, Porcelli, Annamaria, additional, Romano, Raffaella, additional, D'Ambrosio, Enrico, additional, Taurisano, Paolo, additional, Fazio, Leonardo, additional, Blasi, Giuseppe, additional, Di Giorgio, Annabella, additional, and Bertolino, Alessandro, additional
Published: 2014
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43. Functional Genetic Variation of the Cannabinoid Receptor 1 and Cannabis Use Interact on Prefrontal Connectivity and Related Working Memory Behavior.

Author: Colizzi, Marco, Fazio, Leonardo, Ferranti, Laura, Porcelli, Annamaria, Masellis, Rita, Marvulli, Daniela, Bonvino, Aurora, Ursini, Gianluca, Blasi, Giuseppe, and Bertolino, Alessandro
Subjects: CANNABINOIDS, MESSENGER RNA, GENOTYPES, CANNABINOID receptors, SHORT-term memory
Abstract: Cannabinoid signaling is involved in different brain functions and it is mediated by the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), which is encoded by the CNR1 gene. Previous evidence suggests an association between cognition and cannabis use. The logical interaction between genetically determined cannabinoid signaling and cannabis use has not been determined. Therefore, we investigated whether CNR1 variation predicts CNR1 prefrontal mRNA expression in postmortem prefrontal human tissue. Then, we studied whether functional variation in CNR1 and cannabis exposure interact in modulating prefrontal function and related behavior during working memory processing. Thus, 208 healthy subjects (113 males) were genotyped for the relevant functional SNP and were evaluated for cannabis use by the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. All individuals performed the 2-back working memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. CNR1 rs1406977 was associated with prefrontal mRNA and individuals carrying a G allele had reduced CNR1 prefrontal mRNA levels compared with AA subjects. Moreover, functional connectivity MRI demonstrated that G carriers who were also cannabis users had greater functional connectivity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and reduced working memory behavioral accuracy during the 2-back task compared with the other groups. Overall, our results indicate that the deleterious effects of cannabis use are more evident on a specific genetic background related to its receptor expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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44. Interaction Between Functional Genetic Variation of DRD2 and Cannabis Use on Risk of Psychosis

Author: Colizzi, Marco, Iyegbe, Conrad, Powell, John, Ursini, Gianluca, Porcelli, Annamaria, Bonvino, Aurora, Taurisano, Paolo, Romano, Raffaella, Masellis, Rita, Blasi, Giuseppe, Morgan, Craig, Aitchison, Katherine, Mondelli, Valeria, Luzi, Sonija, Kolliakou, Anna, David, Anthony, Murray, Robin M., Bertolino, Alessandro, Forti, Marta Di, Colizzi, Marco, Iyegbe, Conrad, Powell, John, Ursini, Gianluca, Porcelli, Annamaria, Bonvino, Aurora, Taurisano, Paolo, Romano, Raffaella, Masellis, Rita, Blasi, Giuseppe, Morgan, Craig, Aitchison, Katherine, Mondelli, Valeria, Luzi, Sonija, Kolliakou, Anna, David, Anthony, Murray, Robin M., Bertolino, Alessandro, and Forti, Marta Di
Abstract: Both cannabis use and the dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene have been associated with schizophrenia, psychosis-like experiences, and cognition. However, there are no published data investigating whether genetically determined variation in DRD2 dopaminergic signaling might play a role in individual susceptibility to cannabis-associated psychosis. We genotyped (1) a case-control study of 272 patients with their first episode of psychosis and 234 controls, and also from (2) a sample of 252 healthy subjects, for functional variation in DRD2, rs1076560. Data on history of cannabis use were collected on all the studied subjects by administering the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. In the healthy subjects' sample, we also collected data on schizotypy and cognitive performance using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and the N-back working memory task. In the case-control study, we found a significant interaction between the rs1076560 DRD2 genotype and cannabis use in influencing the likelihood of a psychotic disorder. Among cannabis users, carriers of the DRD2, rs1076560, T allele showed a 3-fold increased probability to suffer a psychotic disorder compared with GG carriers (OR = 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-7.63). Among daily users, T carrying subjects showed a 5-fold increase in the odds of psychosis compared to GG carriers (OR = 4.82; 95% CI: 1.39-16.71). Among the healthy subjects, T carrying cannabis users had increased schizotypy compared with T carrying cannabis-naïve subjects, GG cannabis users, and GG cannabis-naïve subjects (all P ≤ .025). T carrying cannabis users had reduced working memory accuracy compared with the other groups (all P ≤ .008). Thus, variation of the DRD2, rs1076560, genotype may modulate the psychosis-inducing effect of cannabis use

45. 278 - ENIGMA-Relatives – Brain Volumes in First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Patients.

Author: de Zwarte, Sonja, Brouwer, Rachel, Hillegers, Manon, Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke, Kahn, René, Alpert, Kathryn, Wang, Lei, Bramon, Elvira, Kane, Fergus, Murray, Robin, Hajek, Tomas, Alda, Martin, Roberts, Gloria, Mitchell, Philip, Schofield, Peter, Fullerton, Janice, Richter, Anja, Gruber, Oliver, and Bonvino, Aurora
Subjects: *SCHIZOPHRENIA, *BIPOLAR disorder, *BRAIN abnormalities, *HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain), *MAXIMUM likelihood statistics
Published: 2017
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46. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan.

Author: Wierenga LM, Doucet GE, Dima D, Agartz I, Aghajani M, Akudjedu TN, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Alnaes D, Alpert KI, Andreassen OA, Anticevic A, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bargallo N, Baumeister S, Baur-Streubel R, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Boomsma DI, Borgwardt S, Bourque J, den Braber A, Brandeis D, Breier A, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Buitelaar JK, Busatto GF, Calhoun VD, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Caseras X, Castellanos FX, Chaim-Avancini TM, Ching CR, Clark VP, Conrod PJ, Conzelmann A, Crivello F, Davey CG, Dickie EW, Ehrlich S, Van't Ent D, Fisher SE, Fouche JP, Franke B, Fuentes-Claramonte P, de Geus EJ, Di Giorgio A, Glahn DC, Gotlib IH, Grabe HJ, Gruber O, Gruner P, Gur RE, Gur RC, Gurholt TP, de Haan L, Haatveit B, Harrison BJ, Hartman CA, Hatton SN, Heslenfeld DJ, van den Heuvel OA, Hickie IB, Hoekstra PJ, Hohmann S, Holmes AJ, Hoogman M, Hosten N, Howells FM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Huyser C, Jahanshad N, James AC, Jiang J, Jönsson EG, Joska JA, Kalnin AJ, Klein M, Koenders L, Kolskår KK, Krämer B, Kuntsi J, Lagopoulos J, Lazaro L, Lebedeva IS, Lee PH, Lochner C, Machielsen MW, Maingault S, Martin NG, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Mataix-Cols D, Mazoyer B, McDonald BC, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McMahon KL, McPhilemy G, van der Meer D, Menchón JM, Naaijen J, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, Paloyelis Y, Pauli P, Pergola G, Pomarol-Clotet E, Portella MJ, Radua J, Reif A, Richard G, Roffman JL, Rosa PG, Sacchet MD, Sachdev PS, Salvador R, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Saykin AJ, Serpa MH, Sim K, Simmons A, Smoller JW, Sommer IE, Soriano-Mas C, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Szeszko PR, Temmingh HS, Thomopoulos SI, Tomyshev AS, Trollor JN, Uhlmann A, Veer IM, Veltman DJ, Voineskos A, Völzke H, Walter H, Wang L, Wang Y, Weber B, Wen W, West JD, Westlye LT, Whalley HC, Williams SC, Wittfeld K, Wolf DH, Wright MJ, Yoncheva YN, Zanetti MV, Ziegler GC, de Zubicaray GI, Thompson PM, Crone EA, Frangou S, and Tamnes CK
Subjects: Female, Humans, Male, Brain Cortical Thickness, Cerebral Cortex anatomy & histology, Cerebral Cortex diagnostic imaging, Biological Variation, Population physiology, Brain anatomy & histology, Brain diagnostic imaging, Human Development physiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Sex Characteristics
Abstract: For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders., (© 2020 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Published: 2022
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47. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Author: de Zwarte SMC, Brouwer RM, Agartz I, Alda M, Alonso-Lana S, Bearden CE, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Bramon E, Buimer EEL, Cahn W, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Cannon TD, Caseras X, Castro-Fornieles J, Chen Q, Chung Y, De la Serna E, Del Mar Bonnin C, Demro C, Di Giorgio A, Doucet GE, Eker MC, Erk S, Fatjó-Vilas M, Fears SC, Foley SF, Frangou S, Fullerton JM, Glahn DC, Goghari VM, Goikolea JM, Goldman AL, Gonul AS, Gruber O, Hajek T, Hawkins EL, Heinz A, Hidiroglu Ongun C, Hillegers MHJ, Houenou J, Hulshoff Pol HE, Hultman CM, Ingvar M, Johansson V, Jönsson EG, Kane F, Kempton MJ, Koenis MMG, Kopecek M, Krämer B, Lawrie SM, Lenroot RK, Marcelis M, Mattay VS, McDonald C, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Michielse S, Mitchell PB, Moreno D, Murray RM, Mwangi B, Nabulsi L, Newport J, Olman CA, van Os J, Overs BJ, Ozerdem A, Pergola G, Picchioni MM, Piguet C, Pomarol-Clotet E, Radua J, Ramsay IS, Richter A, Roberts G, Salvador R, Saricicek Aydogan A, Sarró S, Schofield PR, Simsek EM, Simsek F, Soares JC, Sponheim SR, Sugranyes G, Toulopoulou T, Tronchin G, Vieta E, Walter H, Weinberger DR, Whalley HC, Wu MJ, Yalin N, Andreassen OA, Ching CRK, Thomopoulos SI, van Erp TGM, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Kahn RS, and van Haren NEM
Subjects: Bipolar Disorder complications, Bipolar Disorder diagnostic imaging, Cognitive Dysfunction diagnostic imaging, Family, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Schizophrenia complications, Schizophrenia diagnostic imaging, Schizophrenia etiology, Bipolar Disorder pathology, Cognitive Dysfunction pathology, Educational Status, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Intelligence physiology, Neuroimaging, Schizophrenia pathology
Abstract: First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10 -5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment., (© 2020 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Published: 2022
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48. An overlapping pattern of cerebral cortical thinning is associated with both positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.

Author: Wong TY, Radua J, Pomarol-Clotet E, Salvador R, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Solanes A, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Sarro S, Kircher T, Nenadic I, Krug A, Grotegerd D, Dannlowski U, Borgwardt S, Riecher-Rössler A, Schmidt A, Andreou C, Huber CG, Turner J, Calhoun V, Jiang W, Clark S, Walton E, Spalletta G, Banaj N, Piras F, Ciullo V, Vecchio D, Lebedeva I, Tomyshev AS, Kaleda V, Klushnik T, Filho GB, Zanetti MV, Serpa MH, Penteado Rosa PG, Hashimoto R, Fukunaga M, Richter A, Krämer B, Gruber O, Voineskos AN, Dickie EW, Tomecek D, Skoch A, Spaniel F, Hoschl C, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Di Giorgio A, Holleran L, Ciufolini S, Marques TR, Dazzan P, Murray R, Lamsma J, Cahn W, van Haren N, Díaz-Zuluaga AM, Pineda-Zapata JA, Vargas C, López-Jaramillo C, van Erp TGM, Gur RC, and Nickl-Jockschat T
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Case-Control Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Prospective Studies, Temporal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Temporal Lobe pathology, Aggression psychology, Cerebral Cortical Thinning diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Cortical Thinning pathology, Schizophrenia diagnostic imaging, Schizophrenia pathology, Schizophrenic Psychology
Abstract: Background: Positive symptoms are a useful predictor of aggression in schizophrenia. Although a similar pattern of abnormal brain structures related to both positive symptoms and aggression has been reported, this observation has not yet been confirmed in a single sample., Method: To study the association between positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia on a neurobiological level, a prospective meta-analytic approach was employed to analyze harmonized structural neuroimaging data from 10 research centers worldwide. We analyzed brain MRI scans from 902 individuals with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and 952 healthy controls., Results: The result identified a widespread cortical thickness reduction in schizophrenia compared to their controls. Two separate meta-regression analyses revealed that a common pattern of reduced cortical gray matter thickness within the left lateral temporal lobe and right midcingulate cortex was significantly associated with both positive symptoms and aggression., Conclusion: These findings suggested that positive symptoms such as formal thought disorder and auditory misperception, combined with cognitive impairments reflecting difficulties in deploying an adaptive control toward perceived threats, could escalate the likelihood of aggression in schizophrenia.
Published: 2020
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