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2. Measurement of immunoglobulin A in saliva by particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay: sample collection, limits of quantitation, precision, stability and reference range

Author

Booth, Christine K., Dwyer, Dan B., Pacque, Paul F., Ball, Madeleine J., Booth, Christine K., Dwyer, Dan B., Pacque, Paul F., and Ball, Madeleine J.

Abstract

Background: Total immunoglobulin A in saliva (s-IgA) is normally assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We have investigated methodological issues relating to the use of particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay (PENIA) to measure s-IgA in whole unstimulated saliva and determine its reference range. Methods: Whole unstimulated resting saliva was collected to determine sample stability (temperature, time, effect of a protease inhibitor), limit of quantitation (LOQ), assay precision and analytical variation. The reference range for 134 healthy adults was determined. Results: Linearity was excellent (4–10.3 mg L21, P, 0.001; R2 ¼ 0.997) and without significant bias (mean of 20.7%). The lowest intra- and inter-analytical coefficients of variation were 1.8% and 7.5% and LOQ was 1.4 mg L21. The concentration of s-IgA is stable at room temperature for up to 6 h, at 48C for 48 h, at 248C for two weeks and at 2808C for up to 1.3 yr. There is no evidence that a protease inhibitor increases the stability or that repeated freeze–thawing cycles degrade sample quality. The reference ranges for s-IgA concentration, s-IgA secretion, s-IgA:albumin and s-IgA:osmolality were 15.9–414.5 mg L21, 7.2–234.9 mg min21, 0.4–19 and 0.6–8.9, respectively. Conclusion: Automated PENIA assay of s-IgA is precise and accurate. High stability of collected saliva samples and the ease and speed of the assay make this an ideal method for use in athletic and military training situations. The convenience of measuring albumin and IgA on the same analytical platform adds to the practicability of the test.

Published
2009

7. Randomised double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of iron supplementation attenuates fatigue and declining iron stores for female officers-in-training.

Author

Booth, Christine K., Carins, Julia E., and Robertson, Iain K.

Subjects
*FATIGUE prevention, *FATIGUE (Physiology), *IRON deficiency anemia prevention, *PHYSICAL fitness, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *DIET, *DIETARY supplements, *ALCOHOL drinking, *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, *FERRITIN, *HELICOBACTER diseases, *HEMOGLOBINS, *IMMUNOGLOBULINS, *INGESTION, *IRON, *MATHEMATICAL statistics, *NUTRITION, *PLACEBOS, *SMOKING, *MILITARY personnel, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *DATA analysis, *PARAMETERS (Statistics), *BODY mass index, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *PHYSICAL activity, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *PSYCHOLOGY
Abstract

Background: Physical training by female military trainees can put them at risk of iron deficiency and inferior health and performance. Purpose: To determine the effect of iron supplementation on iron status, fitness, fatigue, and leisure activities. Material and Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, female officers-in-training were randomly allocated to treatment (n = 25, 18 mg iron) or placebo tablets (n = 24). Outcomes were iron status, fitness, fatigue, and leisure activity at baseline, seven weeks and 13 weeks. Results: Ferritin declined by midpoint in the placebo group (P = 0.001). There was a treatment effect in the second half of the trial in emotional fatigue (-4.2 to -0.6 95% CI, P = 0.04). There was a negative relationship with iron intake for emotional fatigue (OR 0.61; 0.44 to 0.87 95% CI; P = 0.006) and positive for vigour (OR 1.51; 1.08 to 2.11 95%CI; P = 0.016) and small negative association between initial dietary iron intake and initial serum ferritin (0.2 to 9.2 μg/L 95% CI; P = 0.042). Conclusion: Officer training affects iron status and iron supplementation improves indicators of iron status and emotional fatigue in female officers-in-training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

12. Folic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, and vitamin B-6 status of a group of first-time blood donors[1-3]

Author

Booth, Christine K, Clark, Therese, and Fenn, Anne

Subjects
Blood donors -- Health aspects, Blood -- Analysis, Vitamin B1 -- Measurement, Folic acid -- Measurement, Vitamin B2 -- Measurement, Vitamin B6 -- Measurement, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Reference intervals for long-term status measures of folate, riboflavin, thiamine, and vitamin B-6 were determined in a select group of adults. Reference subjects had no adverse medical history and did not use tobacco, alcohol, or nutritional supplements, and their diets met [is greater than or equal to] 70% of the Australian recommended dietary intake for nutrients. Red blood cell concentrations of thiamine and folate were measured by microbiological methods. Vitamin B-6 and riboflavin status were measured on the basis of the erythrocyte aspartate transaminase activity coefficient and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient, respectively. A survey of first-time blood donors, which was conducted in Australia in 1995, revealed a significant prevalence of low red blood cell thiamine concentrations (13%) when compared with the calculated normal reference intervals. However, the most important finding in the survey was that the group of healthy, nonanemic adults (first-time blood donors) was found to have a median red blood cell folate concentration 24% below the median concentration of the carefully selected (nonsupplemented) reference group. Plasma total homocysteine concentrations indicated folate deficiency in the reference group. Therefore, the 2.5th percentile cutoff for reference group red blood cell folate concentrations may have underestimated the prevalence of folate deficiency in the survey group. These data, coupled with the lack of Australian food-composition data for folate in particular, reinforce the need for monitoring nutritional status by both dietary and biochemical means. We recommend consideration of mandatory fortification of the Australian food supply with folic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1075-80. KEY WORDS Folic acid, folate, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-2, vitamin B-1, pyridoxine, thiamine, reference intervals, vitamin status, Australia, humans, blood donors

Published
1998

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