11 results on '"Booth MM"'
Search Results
2. Novel collection method for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from dogs.
- Author
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Holderman CJ, Kaufman PE, Booth MM, and Bernier UR
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Hair metabolism, Skin metabolism, Volatile Organic Compounds isolation & purification, Volatile Organic Compounds metabolism, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods, Volatile Organic Compounds analysis
- Abstract
Host derived chemical cues are an important aspect of arthropod attraction to potential hosts. Host cues that act over longer distances include CO
2 , heat, and water vapor, while cues such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) act over closer distances. Domestic dogs are important hosts for disease cycles that include dog heartworm disease vectored by mosquitoes, however the host VOCs utilized by vectors are not well known. Herein we present a novel method that sampled VOCs from a dog host. A Tenax TD stainless steel tube was held near a dog's fur and skin, which collected VOCs that were later desorbed and tentatively identified using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrospectrometer (GC-MS). Background air chemicals were subtracted from the dog sample, resulting in 182 differentiated compounds, a majority of which were identified by ionization fragmentation patterns. Four dogs were sampled and shared 41 of the identified chemicals. VOCs were representative of aliphatics, aromatics, aldehydes, alcohols and carboxylic acids. This chemical characterization method has the potential to identify both individuals and breeds of dogs in addition to other potential uses such as disease diagnosis., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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3. Association of State-Mandated Abstinence-only Sexuality Education with Rates of Adolescent HIV Infection and Teenage Pregnancy.
- Author
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Elliot LM, Booth MM, Patterson G, Althoff M, Bush CK, and Dery MA
- Abstract
Introduction: Abstinence-only sexuality education (AOSE); is required in the public school systems of many states, raising public health concerns and perpetuating health disparities through school systems. This study aimed to determine the correlations between state-mandated AOSE and the rates of adolescent HIV and teen pregnancy., Methods: Using publicly available data on all 50 United States' laws and policies on AOSE, states were ranked according to their level of abstinence emphasis on sexuality education (Level 0 - Level 3);. We calculated the relative proportion of Black students in public schools and the proportion of families below the federal poverty line then ranked them by state. We compared the states' ranks to the incidence of adolescent HIV and teen pregnancy in those states to identify associations between variables., Results: The majority of states (~44 percent ); have legally mandated AOSE policies (Level 3); and adolescent HIV and teen pregnancy rates were highest in these Level 3 states. There were significant, positive correlations between HIV incidence rates of 13-19 year olds, HIV rates of 20-24 year olds, teen pregnancy rates, and AOSE level, with the proportion of the population that lives below the federal poverty level, and whether they attended schools that had a greater than 50 percent of an African American population., Discussion: These data show a clear association between state sexuality education policies and adolescent HIV and teen pregnancy rates not previously demonstrated. Our data further show that states that have higher proportions of at-risk populations, with higher adolescent HIV and teen pregnancy rates, are more likely to also have restrictive AOSE policies. These populations may be more likely to attend public schools where AOSE is taught, increasing their risk for HIV and teen pregnancy. The World Health Organization considers fact-based Comprehensive Sexuality Education a human right, and the authors believe it is past time to end harmful, discriminatory sexuality education policies in US public schools.
- Published
- 2017
4. Measurement of ethanol in gaseous breath using a miniature gas chromatograph.
- Author
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Morey TE, Booth MM, Prather RA, Nixon SJ, Boissoneault J, Melker RJ, Goldberger BA, Wohltjen H, and Dennis DM
- Subjects
- Adult, Breath Tests instrumentation, Calibration, Chromatography, Gas economics, Chromatography, Gas instrumentation, Ethanol blood, Ethanol chemistry, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, Substance Abuse Detection instrumentation, Substance Abuse Detection methods, Young Adult, Chromatography, Gas methods, Ethanol analysis
- Abstract
We designed and built a novel, miniature gas chromatograph (mGC) to use exhaled breath to estimate blood ethanol concentrations that may offer GC quality sensitivity and specificity, but with portability, reduced size, and decreased cost. We hypothesized that the mGC would accurately estimate the serum ethanol concentration using exhaled breath. Human subjects (n = 8) were dosed with ethanol employing the Widmark criteria, targeting a blood concentration of 0.08 g/dL. Serum and breath samples were collected concurrently over an hour. Ethanol concentrations in serum were measured using a CLIA-approved laboratory. Ethanol concentrations in conventional breath were assayed using a calibrated mGC or Intoxilyzer 400PA. Data were analyzed using Bland-Altman analysis using serum concentrations as a "gold standard". For the mGC, the regression line (correlation coefficient), bias, and 95% limits of agreement were y = 1.013x - 0.009 (r = 0.91), -0.008 g/dL, and -0.031 to 0.016 g/dL, respectively, for 30 specimens. For the Intoxilyzer 400PA, the regression line (correlation coefficient), bias, and 95% limits of agreement were y = 0.599x + 0.008 (r = 0.86), -0.024 g/dL, and -0.049 to 0.002 g/dL, respectively, for 71 specimens with a large magnitude effect. We concluded that the mGC, using exhaled breath, performed well to estimate the serum ethanol concentrations.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Identification of compounds from Etonia rosemary (Conradina etonia).
- Author
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Quinn BP, Bernier UR, and Booth MM
- Subjects
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Volatilization, Organic Chemicals analysis, Rosmarinus chemistry
- Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that result in diseases harmful to human, livestock, and wildlife hosts. Numerous measures can be used to reduce insect-borne disease risk to humans, and one approach is the use of topical repellents to prevent host-seeking arthropods from taking a blood meal. A current emphasis in the development of new repellents is that they be safe. Therefore, natural products sources are increasingly being explored. Compounds from plants of the mint family (Lamiaceae) have been demonstrated to be insect repellents. This study examines compounds from Etonia rosemary (Conradina etonia) to identify compounds for examination as insect repellents. Samples of Etonia rosemary were passively extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol and analyzed by GC/MS. This extraction method was chosen to eliminate thermal degradation of plant components that can occur during the distillation procedure. Additional headspace volatile compounds from this plant were identified using microscale purge-and-trap GC/MS. A variety of terpenes, terpenic alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes were identified in the extracts with terpenes and short-chained aldehydes detected in greatest abundance.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The effects of buprenorphine on fentanyl withdrawal in rats.
- Author
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Bruijnzeel AW, Marcinkiewcz C, Isaac S, Booth MM, Dennis DM, and Gold MS
- Subjects
- Analgesics, Opioid, Animals, Buprenorphine therapeutic use, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fentanyl, Male, Naloxone pharmacology, Narcotic Antagonists pharmacology, Narcotics therapeutic use, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Opioid, mu metabolism, Reward, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome pathology, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome psychology, Time Factors, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Buprenorphine pharmacology, Emotions drug effects, Narcotics pharmacology, Receptors, Opioid, mu drug effects, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome drug therapy
- Abstract
Rationale: Fentanyl is a potent mu-opioid receptor agonist that is widely used for the treatment of severe chronic pain. Discontinuation of fentanyl administration has been shown to induce a negative emotional state., Objectives: The aim of the present studies was to investigate the effects of the partial mu-opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine on the negative emotional state associated with precipitated and spontaneous fentanyl withdrawal in rats., Materials and Methods: Fentanyl and saline were chronically administered via osmotic minipumps. A discrete-trial intracranial self-stimulation procedure was used to provide a measure of brain reward function. Somatic signs were recorded from a checklist of opioid abstinence signs., Results: Naloxone induced a deficit in brain reward function in rats chronically treated with fentanyl. Buprenorphine dose-dependently prevented the naloxone-induced deficit in brain reward function. Discontinuation of fentanyl administration was also associated with a deficit in brain reward function. After explantation of the minipumps, the administration of buprenorphine induced a potentiation of brain reward function in the fentanyl-withdrawing rats, but did not affect brain reward function of saline-treated control rats. Buprenorphine prevented the somatic withdrawal signs associated with spontaneous fentanyl withdrawal and attenuated the somatic signs associated with precipitated fentanyl withdrawal., Conclusions: Buprenorphine prevents affective and somatic fentanyl withdrawal signs. Moreover, buprenorphine is rewarding in rats previously exposed to fentanyl, but not in opioid-naïve rats. This pattern of results suggests that buprenorphine may be an effective treatment for the anhedonic-state associated with fentanyl withdrawal, but further study of buprenorphine's abuse potential is warranted.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Anesthetic properties of a propofol microemulsion in dogs.
- Author
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Morey TE, Modell JH, Shekhawat D, Shah DO, Klatt B, Thomas GP, Kero FA, Booth MM, and Dennis DM
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Platelets drug effects, Cross-Over Studies, Dogs, Emulsions, Erythrocyte Count, Erythrocytes drug effects, Hemoglobins metabolism, Leukocytes drug effects, Nanostructures chemistry, Platelet Count, Propofol blood, Random Allocation, Anesthesia methods, Anesthetics, Intravenous administration & dosage, Anesthetics, Intravenous chemistry, Propofol administration & dosage, Propofol chemistry
- Abstract
Microemulsions of propofol with nanometer droplet diameter are alternatives to soybean macroemulsions for inducing anesthesia, and may have important advantages. We used a propofol (10 mg/mL) microemulsion (particle diameter 24.5 +/- 0.5 nm) and a commercial macroemulsion to induce anesthesia in dogs (n = 10) using a randomized, crossover design separated by a 7-day rest interval. The end points were loss of leg withdrawal after a toe pinch and changes in vital signs. Venous blood samples were acquired at multiple times to measure plasma propofol concentrations and indices of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and coagulation. All dogs were rendered insensitive to pain followed by successful recovery without noticeable complications. Comparing indices between microemulsion and macroemulsion formulations, no differences were noted with respect to dose (10.3 +/- 1.2 and 9.7 +/- 1.6 mg/kg, respectively, P = 0.39), time to induction (1.0 +/- 0.1 and 1.0 +/- 0.2 min, P = 0.39), time to recovery (17.4 +/- 4.6 and 18.2 +/- 3.8 min, P = 0.70), heart rate (P = 0.62), arterial blood pressure (P = 0.81), respiratory rate (P = 0.60), hemogram variables, prothrombin time (P = 0.89), activated partial thromboplastin time (P = 0.76), fibrinogen concentration (P = 0.52), platelet concentration (P = 0.55), or plasma propofol concentrations (P = 0.20). Induction with a propofol microemulsion or macroemulsion did not significantly vary with respect to vital signs, the hemogram, clotting variables, and plasma propofol concentrations.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Synergistic attraction of Aedes aegypti (L.) to binary blends of L-lactic acid and acetone, dichloromethane, or dimethyl disulfide.
- Author
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Bernier UR, Kline DL, Posey KH, Booth MM, Yost RA, and Barnard DR
- Subjects
- Animals, Drug Interactions, Odorants, Acetone, Aedes physiology, Disulfides, Feeding Behavior physiology, Lactic Acid, Methylene Chloride
- Abstract
Kairomones produced by humans provide female anthropophilic mosquitoes with vital cues used in host-seeking for a blood meal. These chemicals are emanated primarily by the skin and provide the mosquitoes a means to orient themselves to humans at a relatively close range. Chemical studies of these emanations have provided new ideas for the formulation of attractant blends. We report mosquito attraction responses for three binary blends and their separate components. The blends are comprised of L-lactic acid plus either acetone, dichloromethane, or dimethyl disulfide. At the emission rates used in our bioassays, these blends synergistically attract laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti. Carbon dioxide is not a necessary component to yield high levels of attraction with these blends. It is postulated that at least one of these synergistic blends (L-lactic acid and acetone) produces mosquito attraction behavior similar to L-lactic acid and CO2.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Selected resin acids in effluent and receiving waters derived from a bleached and unbleached kraft pulp and paper mill.
- Author
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Quinn BP, Booth MM, Delfino JJ, Holm SE, and Gross TS
- Subjects
- Environmental Monitoring, Florida, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Paper, Water Supply, Abietanes, Carboxylic Acids analysis, Diterpenes analysis, Industrial Waste analysis, Phenanthrenes analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Water samples were collected on three dates at 24 sites influenced by effluent from Georgia-Pacific's Palatka Pulp and Paper Mill Operation, a bleached and unbleached kraft mill near Palatka, Florida, USA. The sampling sites were located within the mill retention ponds, Rice Creek, and the St. John's River. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids, all of which are potentially toxic by-products of pulp production. Isopimaric acid concentrations greater than 12 mg/L were measured at the mill's effluent outfall but were less than 20 microg/L at the end of Rice Creek. This result indicates that the waters of Rice Creek provide dilution or conditions conducive for degradation or sorption of these compounds. Large differences in resin acid concentrations were observed between sampling events. In two sampling events, the maximum observed concentrations were less than 2 mg/L for each analyte. In a third sampling event, all of the compounds were detected at concentrations greater than 10 mg/L. Data from the three sample dates showed that resin acid concentrations were below 20 microg/L before the confluence of Rice Creek and the St. John's River in all cases.
- Published
- 2003
10. Analysis of human skin emanations by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 1. Thermal desorption of attractants for the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) from handled glass beads.
- Author
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Bernier UR, Booth MM, and Yost RA
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Aedes physiology, Odorants analysis, Skin chemistry
- Abstract
Handled glass has the ability to collect and concentrate nonaqueous human skin emanations while minimizing the collection of aqueous perspiration. Compounds originating from the skin and collected on glass have previously been found to attract the Aedes aegypti species of mosquito. Therefore, glass beads were used as the medium to collect skin emanations from humans for subsequent chemical analysis. This process consisted of a 5-15-min collection of sample on glass beads, followed by loading the beads into a gas chromatograph (GC) injector insert for subsequent desorption of the collected compounds onto the GC column. After cryofocusing by liquid nitrogen at the head of the column, the thermally desorbed compounds were analyzed by GC/MS. Microscale purge and trap introduction was also used to provide complementary information. In this case, the beads are held in a round-bottom flask, purged with nitrogen, and heated as the concentrator collects the headspace above the beads. The chromatograms produced by both of these sample introduction methods demonstrate good resolution of a complex sample. Cryofocusing volatiles from handled glass allowed identification of lactic acid, aliphatic fatty acids, and other polar to nonpolar compounds of moderate volatility while purge and trap allowed detection of nonpolar to moderately polar compounds of high volatility.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Infrared multiple photon dissociation in the quadrupole ion trap via a multipass optical arrangement.
- Author
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Stephenson JL, Booth MM, Shalosky JA, Eyler JR, and Yost RA
- Abstract
The design of a novel multipass optical arrangement for use with infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) in the quadrupole ion trap is presented. This design circumvents previous problems of limited IR laser power, small IR absorption cross sections for many molecules, and the limited ion statistics of trapping and detection of ions for IRMPD in the quadrupole ion trap. In contrast to previous designs that utilized the quadrupole ion store, the quadrupole ion trap was operated in the mass selective instability mode with concurrent resonance ejection. The instrumental design consisted of a modified ring electrode with three spherical concave mirrors mounted on the inner surface of the ring. This modified design allowed for eight laser passes across the radial plane of the ring electrode. IRMPD of protonated bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether (diglyme) was used to characterize the performance of the multipass ring electrode. Two consecutive reactions for the IRMPD of protonated diglyme were observed with a lower energy channel predominant at less than 0.6 J (irradiation times from 1 to 30 ms) and a second channel predominant at energies greater than 0.6 J (irradiation times > 30 ms). Other studies presented include a discussion of the dissociation kinetics of protonated diglyme, the use of a pulsed valve for increased trapping efficiency of parent ion populations, and the effects of laser wavelength and of ion residence time in the radial plane of the ring electrode on photodissociation efficiency.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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