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10. Intussusceptive Angiogenesis in Human Metastatic Malignant Melanoma

Author

Pandita, Ankur, Ekstrand, Matias, Bjursten, Sara, Zhao, Zhiyuan, Fogelstrand, Per, Le Gal, Kristell, Ny, Lars, Bergo, Martin O, Karlsson, Joakim, Nilsson, Jonas A, Akyürek, Levent M, Levin, Malin C, Borén, Jan, Ewald, Andrew J, Mostov, Keith E, and Levin, Max

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Biotechnology, Genetics, Cancer, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Female, Heterografts, Humans, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Melanoma, Mice, Middle Aged, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Skin Neoplasms, Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant, Medical and Health Sciences, Pathology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Angiogenesis supplies oxygen and nutrients to growing tumors. Inhibiting angiogenesis may stop tumor growth, but vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors have limited effect in most tumors. This limited effect may be explained by an additional, less vascular endothelial growth factor-driven form of angiogenesis known as intussusceptive angiogenesis. The importance of intussusceptive angiogenesis in human tumors is not known. Epifluorescence and confocal microscopy was used to visualize intravascular pillars, the hallmark structure of intussusceptive angiogenesis, in tumors. Human malignant melanoma metastases, patient-derived melanoma xenografts in mice (PDX), and genetically engineered v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)-induced, phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)-deficient (BPT) mice (BrafCA/+Ptenf/fTyr-Cre+/0-mice) were analyzed for pillars. Gene expression in human melanoma metastases and PDXs was analyzed by RNA sequencing. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) protein expression and T-cell and macrophage infiltration in tumor sections were determined with multiplex immunostaining. Intravascular pillars were detected in human metastases but rarely in PDXs and not in BPT mice. The expression of MMP9 mRNA was higher in human metastases compared with PDXs. High expression of MMP9 protein as well as infiltration of macrophages and T-cells were detected in proximity to intravascular pillars. MMP inhibition blocked formation of pillars, but not tubes or tip cells, in vitro. In conclusion, intussusceptive angiogenesis may contribute to the growth of human melanoma metastases. MMP inhibition blocked pillar formation in vitro and should be further investigated as a potential anti-angiogenic drug target in metastatic melanoma.

Published
2021

15. Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial

Author

Yulug, Burak, Altay, Ozlem, Li, Xiangyu, Hanoglu, Lutfu, Cankaya, Seyda, Lam, Simon, Velioglu, Halil Aziz, Yang, Hong, Coskun, Ebru, Idil, Ezgi, Nogaylar, Rahim, Ozsimsek, Ahmet, Bayram, Cemil, Bolat, Ismail, Oner, Sena, Tozlu, Ozlem Ozdemir, Arslan, Mehmet Enes, Hacimuftuoglu, Ahmet, Yildirim, Serkan, Arif, Muhammad, Shoaie, Saeed, Zhang, Cheng, Nielsen, Jens, Turkez, Hasan, Borén, Jan, Uhlén, Mathias, and Mardinoglu, Adil

Published
2023
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22. Metabolism of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins

Author

Borén, Jan, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Barrett, James E., Editor-in-Chief, Flockerzi, Veit, Editorial Board Member, Frohman, Michael A., Editorial Board Member, Geppetti, Pierangelo, Editorial Board Member, Hofmann, Franz B., Editorial Board Member, Kuner, Rohini, Editorial Board Member, Michel, Martin C., Editorial Board Member, Page, Clive P., Editorial Board Member, Wang, KeWei, Editorial Board Member, von Eckardstein, Arnold, editor, and Binder, Christoph J., editor

Published
2022
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37. Family-specific aggregation of lipid GWAS variants confers the susceptibility to familial hypercholesterolemia in a large Austrian family

Author

Nikkola, Elina, Ko, Arthur, Alvarez, Marcus, Cantor, Rita M, Garske, Kristina, Kim, Elliot, Gee, Stephanie, Rodriguez, Alejandra, Muxel, Reinhard, Matikainen, Niina, Söderlund, Sanni, Motazacker, Mahdi M, Borén, Jan, Lamina, Claudia, Kronenberg, Florian, Schneider, Wolfgang J, Palotie, Aarno, Laakso, Markku, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, and Pajukanta, Päivi

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Digestive Diseases, Human Genome, Prevention, Genetics, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Atherosclerosis, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Apolipoprotein B-100, Austria, Biomarkers, Cholesterol, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Heredity, Humans, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, Lipoprotein(a), Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Pedigree, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, LDL, Risk Factors, Exome Sequencing, Familial hypercholesterolemia, LDL cholesterol, Genetic risk score, Lipoprotein, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Background and aimsHypercholesterolemia confers susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) exhibit a strong genetic component (heritability estimates 0.41-0.50). However, a large part of this heritability cannot be explained by the variants identified in recent extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on lipids. Our aim was to find genetic causes leading to high LDL-C levels and ultimately CVD in a large Austrian family presenting with what appears to be autosomal dominant inheritance for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).MethodsWe utilized linkage analysis followed by whole-exome sequencing and genetic risk score analysis using an Austrian multi-generational family with various dyslipidemias, including elevated TC and LDL-C, and one family branch with elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)).ResultsWe did not find evidence for genome-wide significant linkage for LDL-C or apparent causative variants in the known FH genes rather, we discovered a particular family-specific combination of nine GWAS LDL-C SNPs (p = 0.02 by permutation), and putative less severe familial hypercholesterolemia mutations in the LDLR and APOB genes in a subset of the affected family members. Separately, high Lp(a) levels observed in one branch of the family were explained primarily by the LPA locus, including short (

Published
2017

38. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel

Author

Ference, Brian A, Ginsberg, Henry N, Graham, Ian, Ray, Kausik K, Packard, Chris J, Bruckert, Eric, Hegele, Robert A, Krauss, Ronald M, Raal, Frederick J, Schunkert, Heribert, Watts, Gerald F, Borén, Jan, Fazio, Sergio, Horton, Jay D, Masana, Luis, Nicholls, Stephen J, Nordestgaard, Børge G, van de Sluis, Bart, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Tokgözoğlu, Lale, Landmesser, Ulf, Laufs, Ulrich, Wiklund, Olov, Stock, Jane K, Chapman, M John, and Catapano, Alberico L

Subjects
Cardiovascular, Atherosclerosis, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Anticholesteremic Agents, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, Ezetimibe, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Hyperlipidemias, Lipoproteins, LDL, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Cardiovascular disease, Causality, Clinical trials, Low-density lipoprotein, Mendelian randomization, PCSK9, Recommendations, Statin, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract

AimsTo appraise the clinical and genetic evidence that low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).Methods and resultsWe assessed whether the association between LDL and ASCVD fulfils the criteria for causality by evaluating the totality of evidence from genetic studies, prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, Mendelian randomization studies, and randomized trials of LDL-lowering therapies. In clinical studies, plasma LDL burden is usually estimated by determination of plasma LDL cholesterol level (LDL-C). Rare genetic mutations that cause reduced LDL receptor function lead to markedly higher LDL-C and a dose-dependent increase in the risk of ASCVD, whereas rare variants leading to lower LDL-C are associated with a correspondingly lower risk of ASCVD. Separate meta-analyses of over 200 prospective cohort studies, Mendelian randomization studies, and randomized trials including more than 2 million participants with over 20 million person-years of follow-up and over 150 000 cardiovascular events demonstrate a remarkably consistent dose-dependent log-linear association between the absolute magnitude of exposure of the vasculature to LDL-C and the risk of ASCVD; and this effect appears to increase with increasing duration of exposure to LDL-C. Both the naturally randomized genetic studies and the randomized intervention trials consistently demonstrate that any mechanism of lowering plasma LDL particle concentration should reduce the risk of ASCVD events proportional to the absolute reduction in LDL-C and the cumulative duration of exposure to lower LDL-C, provided that the achieved reduction in LDL-C is concordant with the reduction in LDL particle number and that there are no competing deleterious off-target effects.ConclusionConsistent evidence from numerous and multiple different types of clinical and genetic studies unequivocally establishes that LDL causes ASCVD.

Published
2017

39. APRIL limits atherosclerosis by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans

Author

Tsiantoulas, Dimitrios, Eslami, Mahya, Obermayer, Georg, Clement, Marc, Smeets, Diede, Mayer, Florian J., Kiss, Máté G., Enders, Lennart, Weißer, Juliane, Göderle, Laura, Lambert, Jordi, Frommlet, Florian, Mueller, André, Hendrikx, Tim, Ozsvar-Kozma, Maria, Porsch, Florentina, Willen, Laure, Afonyushkin, Taras, Murphy, Jane E., Fogelstrand, Per, Donzé, Olivier, Pasterkamp, Gerard, Hoke, Matthias, Kubicek, Stefan, Jørgensen, Helle F., Danchin, Nicolas, Simon, Tabassome, Scharnagl, Hubert, März, Winfried, Borén, Jan, Hess, Henry, Mallat, Ziad, Schneider, Pascal, and Binder, Christoph J.

Published
2021
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43. Targeting CD38 with monoclonal antibodies disrupts key survival pathways in paediatric Burkitt's lymphoma malignant B cells.

Author

Kläsener, Kathrin, Herrmann, Nadja, Håversen, Liliana, Sundell, Timothy, Sundqvist, Martina, Lundqvist, Christina, Manna, Paul T, Jonsson, Charlotte A, Visentini, Marcella, Ljung Sass, Diana, McGrath, Sarah, Grimstad, Kristoffer, Aranburu, Alaitz, Mellgren, Karin, Fogelstrand, Linda, Forsman, Huamei, Ekwall, Olov, Borén, Jan, Gjertsson, Inger, and Reth, Michael

Subjects
BURKITT'S lymphoma, B cell lymphoma, METABOLIC reprogramming, MEMBRANE proteins, CELL proliferation
Abstract

Objectives: Paediatric Burkitt's lymphoma (pBL) is the most common childhood non‐Hodgkin B‐cell lymphoma. Despite the encouraging survival rates for most children, treating cases with relapse/resistance to current therapies remains challenging. CD38 is a transmembrane protein highly expressed in pBL. This study investigates the effectiveness of CD38‐targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), daratumumab and isatuximab, in impairing crucial cellular processes and survival pathways in pBL malignant cells. Methods: In silico analyses of patient samples, combined with in vitro experiments using the Ramos cell line, were conducted to assess the impact of daratumumab and isatuximab on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway. Results: Isatuximab was found to be more effective than daratumumab in disrupting B‐cell receptor signalling, reducing cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, isatuximab caused a significant impairment of the PI3K pathway and induced metabolic reprogramming in pBL cells. The study also revealed a correlation between CD38 and MYC expression levels in pBL patient samples, suggesting CD38 involvement in key oncogenic processes. Conclusion: The study emphasises the therapeutic potential of CD38‐targeting mAbs, particularly isatuximab, in pBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Biosynthesis and Metabolism of ApoB-Containing Lipoproteins.

Author

Borén, Jan, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, and Packard, Chris J.

Subjects
*HYPERLIPIDEMIA treatment, *ATHEROSCLEROSIS risk factors, *RISK assessment, *HEALTH status indicators, *BIOLOGICAL transport, *LIPOPROTEINS, *LOW density lipoproteins, *APOLIPOPROTEINS, *TRIGLYCERIDES, *CARDIOVASCULAR system
Abstract

Recent advances in human genetics, together with a substantial body of epidemiological, preclinical and clinical trial evidence, strongly support a causal relationship between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Consequently, the secretion and metabolism of TRLs have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. This knowledge underscores the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicron biogenesis. Fortunately, there has been a resurgence of interest in the intracellular assembly, trafficking, degradation, and secretion of VLDL, leading to many ground-breaking molecular insights. Furthermore, the identification of molecular control mechanisms related to triglyceride metabolism has greatly advanced our understanding of the complex metabolism of TRLs. In this review, we explore recent advances in the assembly, secretion, and metabolism of TRLs. We also discuss available treatment strategies for hypertriglyceridemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Quantifying atherogenic lipoproteins for lipid-lowering strategies: Consensus-based recommendations from EAS and EFLM

Author

Nordestgaard, Børge G., Langlois, Michel R., Langsted, Anne, Chapman, M. John, Aakre, Kristin M., Baum, Hannsjörg, Borén, Jan, Bruckert, Eric, Catapano, Alberico, Cobbaert, Christa, Collinson, Paul, Descamps, Olivier S., Duff, Christopher J., von Eckardstein, Arnold, Hammerer-Lercher, Angelika, Kamstrup, Pia R., Kolovou, Genovefa, Kronenberg, Florian, Mora, Samia, Pulkki, Kari, Remaley, Alan T., Rifai, Nader, Ros, Emilio, Stankovic, Sanja, Stavljenic-Rukavina, Ana, Sypniewska, Grazyna, Watts, Gerald F., Wiklund, Olov, and Laitinen, Päivi

Published
2020
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