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4. Friction stir spot welding: A novel approach to weld polyvinyl chloride.

Author

Sarma, Kanta, Borah, Manash J., and Saha, Niharendu

Subjects
*FRICTION stir welding, *POLYVINYL chloride, *FRICTION welding, *JOINING processes, *PLASTICS, *WELDING
Abstract

Unlike mechanical fasteners, joining thermoplastics with friction welding has huge advantages. It has not been many days since welding has been considered a conventional method for joining plastic materials. Friction stir spot welding is a branch of friction stir welding. A lot of research has been going on using materials like thermoplastics and their joining processes. Polyvinyl chloride also known as PVC, is a vastly used thermoplastic. Polyvinyl chloride has numerous applications like packaging, construction, etc. In this study, a Friction stir spot welding experiment was carried out in commercial PVC sheets. The experiments were conducted with different tools having different shapes of pin (triangular, square, circular). The temperature of the heat-affected zone was recorded followed by the cooling curve. Considering tool geometry, the triangular probe showed the highest joining efficiency, as well as the highest peak temperature, which was recorded with the same tool. Friction stir spot welding can add a different dimension in terms of joining polyvinyl chloride and various plastic materials if applied to manufacturing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. Thermal degradation of Scenedesmus obliquusfor biofuel production

Author

Chutia, Swagat, Gohain, Minakshi, Borah, Manash J., Kakoty, Nayan M., and Deka, Dhanapati

Abstract

Scenedesmus obliquusis a locally available microalgae in the north-eastern region of India. Pyrolysis of Scenedesmus obliquushas been performed in a fixed-bed vertical reactor, at 350 to 550 °C temperature range with 40 °C/min heating rate. The physicochemical properties of the solid and liquid yields were investigated. The influence of temperature on the amount of product yields was analysed. The highest bio-oil yield of 20.42% and bio-char yield of 58.63% were achieved at 500 °C and 350 °C, respectively. 1H NMR and FTIR were performed for the bio-oil characterisation. The higher heating value of the bio-oil was found to be highest 32.97 MJ/kg at 550 °C. SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD techniques were used for the bio-char analysis and characterisation. The resulted char was found to be porous, amorphous, heterogeneous, and basic in nature. The present work suggests Scenedesmus obliquusas a potential candidate for the production of energy substituting conventional fuel sources.

Published
2022
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8. Application of Box-Behnken design in optimization of biodiesel yield using WO3/graphene quantum dot (GQD) system and its kinetics analysis.

Author

Borah, Manash J., Sarmah, Hemanga J., Bhuyan, Nilutpal, Mohanta, D., and Deka, D.

Abstract

In the current research, we report on the synthesis of WO3/GQD system as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using methanol. The characterization of the prepared catalyst was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement. To study the effect of process variables such as methanol to oil ratio, reaction temperature, and time, we have employed response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). The suitability of the predicted model was verified, and the average biodiesel yield of (96.8 ± 0.16%) was reported at optimal reaction condition of 1:6 oil to methanol ratio, 70 °C reaction temperature, 2 wt% catalyst loading, and 3.5 h reaction time. Biodiesel was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) techniques, and fatty acid methyl ester composition was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fuel properties of the biodiesel obtained comply with ASTMD6751 biodiesel standards. The kinetics of transesterification was studied and found to follow pseudo-first order. The results showed the rate constant ranging from 0.0028 to 0.007 min−1, activation energy (Ea) of 55.92 kJ mol−1, and frequency factor (A) of 1.72 × 106 min−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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