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Simple Summary: Domestic rabbits are one of the most commonly kept pets with a hypselodontic type of dentition, possessing teeth that grow throughout the animal's life. These animals often show signs of disease in the stomatognathic system. Dental disease can also affect the function of other organs and systems. The most common clinical signs of dental disease in domestic rabbits are the following: lack of appetite, weight loss, apathy, and difficulty chewing and swallowing food. These clinical signs are non-specific, and, therefore, a definitive diagnosis usually requires additional methods, such as an X-ray examination, a CT scan, MRI, and endoscopic examination. The most common dental disease found in this study's animals was malocclusion secondary to abnormal clinical crown abrasion and abnormal tooth growth. In domestic rabbits, osteomyelitis is a common complication of dental abscesses. Computed tomography is an invaluable diagnostic method in the diagnosis of dental disease and secondary diseases of the head area, such as inflammation of the nasal cavities or otitis media, in pet rabbits. Domestic rabbits have teeth that grow throughout the animal's life and are prone to disease. Clinical signs of dental disease in domestic rabbits are non-specific, and, therefore, a definitive diagnosis usually requires additional methods. This study was carried out on a group of 105 domestic rabbits aged 3 to 9 years. In total, 90 domestic rabbits with dental disease visible on CT images and other secondary diseases of the head area qualified for this study. Malocclusion was found in 57 (63.3%). Retrograde elongation of the tooth apices in the mandible was present in 39 (43.3%), and it was present in the maxilla in 48 (53%). Clinical tooth crowns were overgrown in 39 (43%). Dental abscesses were present in 54 (63%). Secondary to the presence of a dental abscess, osteomyelitis was found in 43 (79% of the animals with a dental abscess). Dental inflammatory resorption was found in 36 (40%). Secondary to dental disease, nasal cavity inflammation was found in 18 (20%). Otitis media was present in six (6.7%). The most common dental disease found in this study's animals was malocclusion secondary to abnormal clinical crown abrasion and abnormal tooth growth. In domestic rabbits, osteomyelitis is a common complication of dental abscesses. Computed tomography is an invaluable diagnostic method in the diagnosis of dental disease and secondary diseases of the head area, such as inflammation of the nasal cavities or otitis media, in pet rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, when animals have become family members, thus bringing a whole spectrum of positive effects on both the mental and physical health of people, the more we must bear in mind the potential hazards arising from such a relationship in order to make possessing companion animals both pleasant and safe. One such threat is undoubtedly dirofilariosis. Dirofilariosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the invasion of mosquito-borne nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria. Man is an accidental host of the parasite. Although dirofilariosis is considered to be an endemic disease of Mediterranean and US origin, which rarely affects humans, the increasing number of diagnosed cases in animals in Poland may in the near future result in frequent invasion of the parasite also in humans in our country. Frequent animal movements as well as the presence in Poland of mosquitoes capable, as a result of climate change, of carrying the pathogen seem to confirm this thesis. Clinical displays of human parasite invasion are mostly pulmonary, subcutaneous and ocular forms, as well as some others, which occur less frequently. Appropriate prophylaxis in animals, as well as the complex treatment of existing invasion, provides both animals and humans with security and comfort of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to assess the relationships between cardiovascular activity, corneal pulse characteristics, and corneal biomechanics in rabbits. Seventeen rabbits were randomly assigned to one of two anesthetic regimens to induce differences in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Experimental protocol included measuring blood flow parameters in the ophthalmic artery by color Doppler imaging, corneal biomechanical parameters using a non-contact tonometer Corvis ST, and the corneal pulse (CP) signal using a non-contact ultrasonic technique. Statistically significantly lower mean values of normalized amplitudes of higher CP harmonics and changes in eight of the twelve corneal biomechanical parameters were observed in the rabbit group with lower arterial blood pressure and higher heart rate, intraocular pressure, and resistive index. The results of partial correlations showed that the CP signal energy and amplitude of its first harmonic correlate with the resistive index, diastolic and mean arterial pressures, whereas no statistically significant correlation was found between any of the CP parameters and intraocular pressure. Our pilot study indicates, for the first time, that non-contact and continuous measuring of corneal pulse allows indirectly assessing changes in cardiovascular activity when the confounding effect of intraocular pressure is eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Distal urethral neoplasms in female dogs are difficult to treat, due to their anatomical location and often late diagnosis. Transitional cell carcinomas are among the most recognized tumors. Available surgical techniques are difficult to perform when the tumors occupy most of the urethral length, because of the lack of adequate tissue margin and high tissue tension. Another approach is purely palliative treatment. In this article the authors propose a solution to this surgical problem with the aforementioned tumors, which is a novel hybrid technique, developed on cadaver female dogs, involving the combination of laparoscopy and open surgery. In this technique, the changed urethra is removed along with the female genitalia, with gives the opportunity to radically excise the tumor and to perform the prepubic urethrostomy. This paper presents the clinical outcomes after the treatment of urethral tumors using the hybrid technique in three female dogs. All procedures were successful, with no major complications during surgery, and the average survival time was 9 months. All the surgical approaches described to date for the removal of distal urethral tumors have some technical difficulties that make these tumors difficult to treat. The article presents for the first time the treatment results of three female dogs, diagnosed with transitional cell carcinomas of the distal urethra, operated with a newly developed hybrid surgical method—a combination of laparoscopy and open surgery. This technique uses vulvovaginectomy, combined with resection of the distal urethra and prepubic urethrostomy. All of the procedures were possible to perform, without the need to carry out a laparotomy conversion. Histopathology revealed transitional cell carcinoma in all cases, with a margin of healthy tissues maintained in two out of three cases, which meant reoperation of the urethrostomy site in the remaining one case. The mean survival time was nine months. Among minor complications, recurrent cystitis was found. After the first surgery, all dogs retained full control over urination immediately after recovery from anesthesia. In one case that required reoperation, complete urinary incontinence occurred after the second procedure. The present findings suggest that hybrid surgery can be used to treat distal urethral tumors. Qualification for surgery must be limited to bitches with tumors of the distal urethra and without metastases, without the possibility of using other surgical methods, and with the owner's full acceptance of the risk of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Rabbits have become popular pets in recent years and thus are increasingly presenting as patients to veterinary clinics. The medical examination and diagnosis of this type of patient are difficult due to the high degree of sensitivity and weakness of evident symptoms. However, in pet rabbits, several tumors and pathologic conditions have been already reported. In the present case, a female 8-year-old pet rabbit showed a severe respiratory disorder and a lack of improvement after antibiotic therapy. A computer tomography scan was performed which revealed the presence of air in the pericardial sac, a pneumopericardium. The rabbit died from circulatory and respiratory failure soon after the examination, and the necropsy revealed the presence of a tumor histologically consistent with hemangioma within the lumen of the trachea. This tumor, reducing the lumen of trachea, caused the pet rabbit to have dyspnea, and most likely predisposed the rabbit to a pneumopericardium. Tracheal hemangioma and a pneumopericardium have never been described in a pet rabbit. Moreover, this is the first report on the association of the two pathologic conditions in an animal or human. A pet rabbit (female, 8 years old, and mixed breed) with symptoms of dyspnea, apathy, and weight loss was treated for an acute respiratory infection. Due to the lack of improvement, it was referred to the Imaging Diagnostics Laboratory of the Department and Clinic of Surgery for a computer tomography scan of the thoracic cavity. The examination revealed the presence of air in the pericardial sac, a pneumopericardium, along with pulmonary emphysema. A few minutes after the examination, the rabbit developed circulatory and respiratory failure and died. Necropsy confirmed the presence of a pneumopericardium and pulmonary emphysema, and revealed, in the tracheal lumen, the presence of a tumor histologically consistent with hemangioma. A spontaneous pneumopericardium occurs when air from the respiratory system moves into the pericardial sac. This is the first case of the simultaneous occurrence of tracheal hemangioma and a pneumopericardium in a rabbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the literature, no studies describe the use of laparoscopic techniques for inguinal hernia repair in canine clinical patients. The surgical technique—Percutaneous Internal Ring Suturing (PIRS) presented in this article is the world's first minimally invasive laparoscopic surgical technique for inguinal canal closure in dogs. Aim: The aim of the presented study is to evaluate the possibility of employment of the laparoscopic PIRS technique in clinical practice as well as to technically evaluate its usefulness in the treatment of the inguinal hernia in dogs. The presented study describes the procedure and the results of laparoscopic treatment of 11 inguinal hernias in nine dogs (two bilateral). Methods: The whole procedure is performed under camera control introduced through one umbilical trocar. The very closure of the inner inguinal ring is done with the injection needle by a small puncture over the inguinal canal with the help of which the suture material is inserted, and the canal of the operated inguinal hernia is closed. Each operated dog underwent a thorough clinical examination before surgery which was combined with ultrasound examination of the inguinal canals before, immediately after and three months after surgery. Results: There was no hernia recurrence in the study period in the operated dogs and all individuals returned to full mobility immediately after recovery from anesthesia. Conclusions: Due to the low invasiveness and simplicity of performance, the PIRS technique described in the study should be taken into account when choosing a treatment method for non-traumatic inguinal hernia in dogs. At the same time, the possibility of using the described technique in other types of inguinal hernia in dogs requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]