Search

Ethical concerns regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have fueled discussions around the ethics training received by AI designers. We claim that training designers for ethical behaviour, understood as habitual application of ethical principles in any situation, can make a significant difference in the practice of research, development, and application of AI systems. Building on interdisciplinary knowledge and practical experience from computer science, moral psychology and development, and pedagogy, we propose a functional way to provide this training. This article appears in the special track on AI & Society. GEDAI Growing Ethical Designers of Artificial Intelligence AutogrAIde - “A Student-Driven Interdisciplinary Hackathon on Whether and How to Automate Grading & Assessment

In contribution to the European Union Mission Restore our Oceans and Waters by 2030, FLOW studies young generations’ relations and engagement with oceans and waters2. Through the FLOW project, our research hopes to gain better insights into how European youth shape and hold their expectations about the futures of oceans and waters, and the relations, values and emotions they exhibit when considering the present and future states of our waters. FLOW aims to achieve this by providing strategic foresight research on the human-water relationships of young generations. One central task of this foresight study is to conduct horizon scanning research. Horizon scanning research activities focus on changing human-water relations by examining a variety of cultural sources for novel signals, drivers of change, popular and peripheral expectations, and hopes and fears of younger generations. As a central part of the horizon scanning, signals are collected through various modes of research. Signals are understood as small pieces of information, data, representations, and other knowledge artifacts that introduce or discuss a little known topic that is indicative for change. This deliverable outlines how and why signals are identified and provides a list of those streams for relevant cultural sources that will be followed throughout the horizon scanning composing the project’s Mixed-Media Research Corpus.

D1.1. Open Access Transdisciplinary dataset: FLOW Encyclopædia is the first deliverable of WP1 Knowledge Integration and inFLOW lens, in the project FLOW: Future Lives with Oceans and Waters. In contribution to the EU mission Restore our Oceans and Waters by 2030, FLOW is an international and interdisciplinary project studying young generations relations and engagement with water and oceans, their expectations, and emotions. The FLOW consortium consists of four partners: Radboud University, Fraunhofer ISI, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, and Volonteurope. The purpose of D1.1. Open Access Transdisciplinary dataset: FLOW Encyclopædia is to facilitate exchanges on the topic of "changing human-water relations" from both a domain- and critical-perspective, by clarifying a series of concepts and theories. This clarification is the stepping-stone to proceed with the interdisciplinary research tasks that will be undertaken in order to achieve the objectives of the FLOW project, as described above

This report was commissioned to outline applications, limitations, costs, and benefits related to the use of blockchain technology in the seafood industry, and in particular to evaluate the pros and cons of having a blockchain-based food traceability system compared to a traditional electronic traceability system. This is an update of the previous Nofima report on a similar topic from 2019. The key concepts relating to traceability, and the components of a food traceability system are outlined in this report, as well as an indication of how traceability relates to other methodologies and approaches for ensuring food product authenticity. The core principles of blockchain technology are outlined, including different types of blockchain implementations, their characteristics, and some examples of solution providers and existing applications in the seafood industry. The last part of the report compares the functionality of traditional vs. blockchain-based food traceability systems, evaluates costs and benefits, and provides some practical advice on implementation issues, exemplified in the seafood supply chain. The overall conclusion is that unless speed of operation or confidentiality are considered to be the most important characteristics of the traceability system, a blockchain-based implementation may be very suitable.The main benefit related to a blockchain-based food traceability system is that, at least for now, the blockchain-based systems are more homogenous than traditional electronic traceability systems, so interoperability between different blockchain-based systems is likely to be easier to implement than interoperability between different traditional electronic traceability systems. Lack of interoperability is one of —, or probably the biggest current obstacle preventing system-wide, farm-to-fork food product traceability, so this advantage associated with blockchain-based implementations is significant.

Ethical concerns regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have fueled discussions around the ethics training received by AI designers. We claim that training designers for ethical behaviour, understood as habitual application of ethical principles in any situation, can make a significant difference in the practice of research, development, and application of AI systems. Building on interdisciplinary knowledge and practical experience from computer science, moral psychology and development, and pedagogy, we propose a functional way to provide this training.

Two-sided digital platforms, such as eBay, enable the interaction between two sides of a market, for instance, people willing to sell (supply side) and people willing to buy (demand side) some item or service. Growth and success of these platforms are driven by cross-side network effects, as each side is attracted by a large number of participants on the other side and deterred by a low number. However, it is unclear whether and when it is beneficial or harmful to inform potential platform participants about the number of current adopters on the respective other side. We implement an agent-based simulation of platform development and use it to gain insights into the effect of publishing the number of adopters. In our sample application, we found a negative effect that is attenuated when publication of these numbers is postponed. While our results are limited in their generalizability, they show the potential of agent-based simulation as a useful tool for analyzing various strategies in the face of cross-side network effects for two-sided platforms.

Rumour is a collective emergent phenomenon with a potential for provoking a crisis. Modelling approaches have been deployed since five decades ago; however, the focus was mostly on epidemic behaviour of the rumours which does not take into account the differences between agents. We use social practice theory to model agent decision-making in organizational rumourmongering. Such an approach provides us with an opportunity to model rumourmongering agents with a layer of cognitive realism and study the impacts of various intervention strategies for prevention and control of rumours in organizations.

Link to publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12280 Despite increased fisheries science output and publication outlets, the global crisis in fisheries management is as present as ever. Since a narrow research focus may be a contributing factor to this failure, this study uncovers topics in fisheries research and their trends over time. This interdisciplinary research evaluates whether science is diversifying fisheries research topics in an attempt to capture the complexity of the fisheries system, or whether it is multiplying research on similar topics, attempting to achieve an in‐depth, but possibly marginal, understanding of a few selected components of this system. By utilizing latent Dirichlet allocation as a generative probabilistic topic model, we analyse a unique dataset consisting of 46,582 full‐text articles published in the last 26 years in 21 specialized scientific fisheries journals. Among the 25 topics uncovered by the model, only one (Fisheries management) refers to the human dimension of fisheries understood as socio‐ecological complex adaptive systems. The most prevalent topics in our dataset directly relating to fisheries refer to Fisheries management, Stock assessment, and Fishing gear, with Fisheries management attracting the most interest. We propose directions for future research focus that most likely could contribute to providing useful advice for successful management of fisheries.

Games are vehicles that transport their players between different realties (Peters & Westelaken 2014). By doing this, they have the potential to provide many different benefits for their players, such as relaxation, excitement, social interaction, and learning. Higher education is increasingly trying to capitalize on this potential and many teachers now make use of different forms of game-based learning and serious games (Plass et al. 2015). Some educators design their own games (Weines et al. 2017), while others either use existing serious games (Qudrat-Ullah et al. 1997) or try to repurpose commercial off-the-shelf video games (Whitton 2010) or board games (Bridge 2014). Following suite, at our own department we count on the assumption of enhanced learning through games and we are currently exploring the potential of repurposing various entertainment board games (e.g. Nusfjord, Dominant Species, Evolution) in the context of interdisciplinary bachelor’s and master’s programs in fisheries and aquaculture science. These programs combine biology, economics, and social sciences with a taste of history and technology

Source at https://nofima.no/pub/1673512/. This report was commissioned to outline applications, limitations, costs, and benefits related to the use of blockchain technology in the food industry, and in particular to evaluate the pros and cons of having a blockchain-based food traceability system compared to a traditional electronic traceability system. The key concepts relating to traceability, and the components of a food traceability system are outlined in this report, as well as an indication of how traceability relates to other methodologies and approaches for ensuring food product authenticity. The core principles of blockchain technology are outlined, including different types of blockchain implementations, their characteristics, and some examples of solution providers and existing applications in the food industry. The last part of the report compares the functionality of traditional vs. blockchain-based food traceability systems, evaluates costs and benefits, and provides some practical advice on implementation issues, exemplified in the red meat supply chain and the herbs and spices supply chain. The overall conclusion is that unless speed of operation or confidentiality are considered to be the most important characteristics of the traceability system, a blockchain-based implementation may be very suitable. The main benefit related to a blockchain-based food traceability system is that, at least for now, the blockchain-based systems are more homogenous than traditional electronic traceability systems, so interoperability between different blockchain-based systems is likely to be easier to implement than interoperability between different traditional electronic traceability systems. Lack of interoperability is one of —, or probably the biggest current obstacle preventing system-wide, farm-to-fork food product traceability, so this advantage associated with blockchain-based implementations is significant. Rapporten gir en oversikt over konsepter og systemer relatert til sporbarhet i næringsmiddelindustrien, og gir også en grunnleggende innføring i blockchainteknologi. Tradisjonelle elektroniske sporbarhetssystemer basert på relasjonsdatabaser sammenlignes med blockchainbaserte sporbarhetssystemer, og fordeler og ulemper med de respektive løsningene evalueres. Hovedkonklusjonen er at dersom hurtighet eller konfidensialitet er de viktigste systemegenskapene så er tradisjonelle sporbarhetssystemer sannsynligvis bedre. Hovednytten av blockchainsystemer er at de er likere i oppbygging og struktur, og at det derfor er lettere å dele og integrere data mellom bedrifter og mellom verdikjeder. Dette er en veldig viktig utfordring i næringsmiddelindustrien, da manglende integrasjon er en av de viktigste utfordringene som hindrer tilgang til data som registreres på ulike steder i kjeden, og nytteverdien av blockchainbaserte sporbarhetssystemer er signifikant dersom de kan bidra til å løse dette problemet.

This report identifies transferable skills and competences a relevant for early career researchers to gather during their doctoral training program and beyond, in order to increase their employability in multiple work sectors. A skills matrix and infographic (see Appendix) with nine different categories, containing a total of 66 transferable skills and competences, is presented. Advice on how to acquire and document these skills and competences is provided.

Validation is a vital step in any model that aspires to have an impact. In agent-based computational economics in particular, it is essential because, unlike most neoclassical economic models, the models are vastly complex and often unique in their kind [1, 2]. Importantly, they often require disaggregated data to specify attributes, behavioural rules and interactions among agents. Therefore, agent-based models require more time and effort to validate. There are numerous ways of validation in agent-based modelling discussed in the literature, e.g [1, 3–7]. Reviewing them is beyond the scope of this paper. Here we will focus on two dimensions of validation: empirical versus theoretical validation and micro- versus macroscale validation. In our agent-based model of the housing market, we have applied both ends of the two spectra.

The introduction of the Landing Obligation (LO) is one of the most significant reform elements in the 2013 Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). In order to assess how the LO performs as a policy instrument, it is essential to understand the background, objectives and motivation that led to the policy being adopted. With these objectives in mind, a desk-study was first carried out to review relevant policy statements, regulatory documents and academic literature. Secondly, since the EU discard policy was driven by NGOs campaigns and public support, a subsequent analysis was performed based on interviews of key environmental NGOs on their perception of the LO, its objectives, goals and state of its implementation (from legislation to control and enforcement). This study of the views of environmental NGOs complements the perspectives of other stakeholders as captured in workpackage 4 (i.e. the “fishermen’ story”, the “scientists’ story” and the “managers’ story”), as well as work realised in workpackage 2 to monitor the changes of stakeholder perceptions in relation to the LO during its progressive application to European fisheries. Possible conflicts and trade-offs in the introduction of the LO were then assessed based on two different approaches: a policy study and on an ecosystem service perspective. The objective of the policy analysis was to enumerate and discuss the interlinkages between the different management measures taken to date to deal with the LO, in order to identifying its strengths and weaknesses and, at the same time, evaluate potential conflicts. Finally, the ecosystem service approach was used conceptually to map the services that may be affected by the discard policy and again to identify potential objective conflicts and trade-offs between the landing obligation and other policies, with a special focus on the CFP and the MSFD. The landing obligation was motivated by concerns of stock sustainability, a desire to avoid wasteful practices, and a need to improve the quality of fisheries data for stock assessment purposes. The LO has a clear objective to reduce unwanted catch by changing fishing practices, but it is also an instrument to achieve the overall objectives of the CFP of stocks and fisheries sustainability. The interviews show that NGOs are frustrated with slow and inflexible governance process regarding the validation of technical innovations and selective gears, and the reluctance of the sector to change. NGO representatives also expressed concern that control and monitoring regimes for the LO are insufficient. However, NGOs have high expectations from the results from the DiscardLess project and many are already working collaborative with the fishing industry to find solutions to the envisage issues with the practical implementation of the LO. The policy study shows that implementation of the LO to date can be summarised by a slow uptake of some exemptions already provisioned in Art. 15, in association with additional policy changes not originally foreseen in the CFP. However, fishing practices have not yet changed and there has been no significant reduction of unwanted catch, as these policy measures in combination allowed for the fishing industry to continue operating as before. Finally, regarding ecosystem services approach, considering fisheries in terms of the services that can be affected by the management decisions governing the fisheries SECAS (socio-ecological complex adaptive systems) could be a useful approach that can potentially generate innovative ways to approach fisheries governance issues. This understanding can enrich the discussions around the necessity to alter or even discontinue the human activity that affects or is affected by the services, facilitating comparisons of management alternatives. This document constitutes deliverable 7.3 of work package 7 of the DiscardLess Project, and at the same time describes progress with the development of task 7.1, i.e. the EU discard policy: background and objectives and assessment of potential conflicts.

Source at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1299178 More information at http://eurodoc.net/news/2018/press-release-eurodoc-report-on-transferable-skills-and-competences This report identifies transferable skills and competences relevant for early career researchers to gather during their doctoral training program and beyond, in order to increase their employability in multiple work sectors. A skills matrix and infographic (see Appendix) with nine different categories, containing a total of 66 transferable skills and competences, is presented. Advice on how to acquire and document these skills and competences is provided.

International audience; With the advent of autonomous vehicles, (partial or total) autonomy of fishing vessels or operations is seen as a possibility for increased competitiveness among actors of the fishing industry. This study describes the state of art and the possible gradual deployment of autonomous fishing vehicles (AFVs), which may bring unparalleled changes to the fishing industry. Critical challenges related to safety, conservation, economy, law, and ethics of AFVs utilization remain that could be addressed using multiagent approaches. We analyse these possibilities together with the associated difficulties.

Extended abstract accepted for presentation at the Social Simulation Conference 2017, Dublin, Ireland&nbsp