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423 results on '"Bornschein, B."'

1. First constraints on general neutrino interactions based on KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gagliardi, G., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gutknecht, N., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Helbing, K., Henke, H., Heyns, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Khosonthongkee, K., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., McMichael, K., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Songwadhana, J., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum performed by the KATRIN experiment provides a unique way to search for general neutrino interactions (GNI). All theoretical allowed GNI terms involving neutrinos are incorporated into a low-energy effective field theory, and can be identified by specific signatures in the measured tritium $\beta$-spectrum. In this paper an effective description of the impact of GNI on the $\beta$-spectrum is formulated and the first constraints on the effective GNI parameters are derived based on the 4 Mio. electrons collected in the second measurement campaign of KATRIN in 2019. In addition, constraints on selected types of interactions are investigated, thereby exploring the potential of KATRIN to search for more specific new physics cases, including a right-handed W boson, a charged Higgs or leptoquarks.
Published: 2024

2. Measurement of the electric potential and the magnetic field in the shifted analysing plane of the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bobien, S., Böttcher, M., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Heyns, S., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Khosonthongkee, K., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., McMichael, K., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The projected sensitivity of the effective electron neutrino-mass measurement with the KATRIN experiment is below 0.3 eV (90 % CL) after five years of data acquisition. The sensitivity is affected by the increased rate of the background electrons from KATRIN's main spectrometer. A special shifted-analysing-plane (SAP) configuration was developed to reduce this background by a factor of two. The complex layout of electromagnetic fields in the SAP configuration requires a robust method of estimating these fields. We present in this paper a dedicated calibration measurement of the fields using conversion electrons of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr, which enables the neutrino-mass measurements in the SAP configuration., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2024

3. Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bobien, S., Böttcher, M., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gutknecht, N., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Henke, H., Heyns, S., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Khosonthongkee, K., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Kohpeiß, J., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., Kovalík, A., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schnurr, U., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Tirolf, S., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute mass bears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, we report on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with the KATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium $\beta$-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. Based on the first five neutrino-mass measurement campaigns, we derive a best-fit value of $m_\nu^{2} = {-0.14^{+0.13}_{-0.15}}~\mathrm{eV^2}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_\nu < {0.45}~\mathrm{eV}$ at 90 % confidence level. With six times the statistics of previous data sets, amounting to 36 million electrons collected in 259 measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level and improved systematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by a factor of almost two., Comment: 61 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

4. Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Beisenkötter, J, Biassoni, M, Bieringer, B, Biondi, Y, Block, F, Bobien, S, Böttcher, M, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Caldwell, TS, Carminati, M, Chatrabhuti, A, Chilingaryan, S, Daniel, BA, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Fengler, C, Fiorini, C, Formaggio, JA, Forstner, C, Fränkle, FM, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Gutknecht, N, Hannen, V, Hasselmann, L, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Henke, H, Heyns, S, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Khosonthongkee, K, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Kohpeiß, J, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Kovač, N, Kovalík, A, Krause, H, Cascio, L La, Lasserre, T, Lauer, J, Le, T, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Li, G, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mohanty, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Nava, A, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Onillon, A, Parno, DS, Pavan, M, Pinsook, U, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JM Lopez, Pozzi, S, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, and Rodenbeck, C
Subjects: nucl-ex, hep-ex
Abstract: The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence ofphysics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute massbears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, wereport on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with theKATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium$\beta$-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. Based on the first fiveneutrino-mass measurement campaigns, we derive a best-fit value of $m_u^{2} ={-0.14^{+0.13}_{-0.15}}~\mathrm{eV^2}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_u <{0.45}~\mathrm{eV}$ at 90 % confidence level. With six times the statistics ofprevious data sets, amounting to 36 million electrons collected in 259measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level and improvedsystematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by afactor of almost two.
Published: 2024

5. Search for Lorentz-invariance violation with the first KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, La Cascio, L, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Salomon, R, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, Schlösser, K, and Schlüter, L
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract: Some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics allow for Lorentz invariance and charge-parity-time invariance violations. In the neutrino sector strong constraints have been set by neutrino-oscillation and time-of-flight experiments. However, some Lorentz-invariance-violating parameters are not accessible via these probes. In this work, we focus on the parameters (aof(3))00, (aof(3))10, and (aof(3))11 which would manifest themselves in a nonisotropic β-decaying source as a sidereal oscillation and an overall shift of the spectral endpoint. Based on the data of the first scientific run of the KATRIN experiment, we set the first 90% confidence-level limit on |(aof(3))11| of
Published: 2023

6. Search for keV-scale Sterile Neutrinos with first KATRIN Data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with the first tritium data of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in the commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to $1.6\, \mathrm{keV}$. We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of down to $\sin^2\theta < 5\cdot10^{-4}$ ($95\,\%$ C.L.), improving current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and $1.0\, \mathrm{keV}$.
Published: 2022

7. Search for Lorentz-Invariance Violation with the first KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wickles, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Some extensions of the Standard Model of Particle Physics allow for Lorentz invariance and Charge-Parity-Time (CPT)-invariance violations. In the neutrino sector strong constraints have been set by neutrino-oscillation and time-of-flight experiments. However, some Lorentz-invariance-violating parameters are not accessible via these probes. In this work, we focus on the parameters $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$, $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}$ which would manifest themselves in a non-isotropic beta-decaying source as a sidereal oscillation and an overall shift of the spectral endpoint. Based on the data of the first scientific run of the KATRIN experiment, we set the first limit on $\left|(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}\right|$ of $< 3.7\cdot10^{-6}$ GeV at 90\% confidence level. Moreover, we derive new constraints on $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$.
Published: 2022
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8. Search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with the first KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, La Cascio, L, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Salomon, R, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, Schlösser, K, Schlüter, L, and Schneidewind, S
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: In this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with a low-tritium-activity data set of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in a commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium β -decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the measurement of a wider part of the tritium spectrum and thus the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to 1.6keV . We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of sin 2θ< 5 × 10 - 4 (95 % C.L.) at a mass of 0.3 keV. This result improves current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and 1.0 keV.
Published: 2023

9. KATRIN: Status and Prospects for the Neutrino Mass and Beyond

Author: Aker, M., Balzer, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bombelli, L., Bormann, D., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brofferio, C., Bruch, C., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Cremonesi, O., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fink, D., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grande, A., Grössle, R., Gugiatti, M., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., King, P., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lechner, P., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Manfrin, D., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mazzola, E., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pigliafreddo, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Puritscher, M., Radford, D. C., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R. W. J., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Sedlak, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trigilio, P., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Voigt, P., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, E., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wunderl, L., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to measure a high-precision integral spectrum of the endpoint region of T2 beta decay, with the primary goal of probing the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. After a first tritium commissioning campaign in 2018, the experiment has been regularly running since 2019, and in its first two measurement campaigns has already achieved a sub-eV sensitivity. After 1000 days of data-taking, KATRIN's design sensitivity is 0.2 eV at the 90% confidence level. In this white paper we describe the current status of KATRIN; explore prospects for measuring the neutrino mass and other physics observables, including sterile neutrinos and other beyond-Standard-Model hypotheses; and discuss research-and-development projects that may further improve the KATRIN sensitivity., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. 70 pages excluding references; 35 figures. Author list updated June 2023
Published: 2022
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10. KATRIN: status and prospects for the neutrino mass and beyond

Author: Aker, M, Balzer, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Biassoni, M, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bombelli, L, Bormann, D, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brofferio, C, Bruch, C, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carminati, M, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Cremonesi, O, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Fink, D, Fiorini, C, Formaggio, JA, Forstner, C, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grande, A, Grössle, R, Gugiatti, M, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Hartmann, J, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, King, P, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lechner, P, Lehnert, B, Le, TL, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Manfrin, D, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mazzola, E, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Nava, A, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, and Onillon, A
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, neutrino, neutrino mass, sterile neutrino, tritium beta decay, krypton, beyond standard model, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to measure a high-precision integral spectrum of the endpoint region of T2 β decay, with the primary goal of probing the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. After a first tritium commissioning campaign in 2018, the experiment has been regularly running since 2019, and in its first two measurement campaigns has already achieved a sub-eV sensitivity. After 1000 days of data-taking, KATRIN’s design sensitivity is 0.2 eV at the 90% confidence level. In this white paper we describe the current status of KATRIN; explore prospects for measuring the neutrino mass and other physics observables, including sterile neutrinos and other beyond-Standard-Model hypotheses; and discuss research-and-development projects that may further improve the KATRIN sensitivity.
Published: 2022

11. New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on the direct cosmic relic neutrino background search from the first two science runs of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV. The analysis is sensitive to a local relic neutrino overdensity of 9.7e10 (1.1e11) at a 90% (95%) confidence level. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint accounting for relic neutrino captures in the Tritium source reveals no significant overdensity. This work improves the results obtained by the previous kinematic neutrino mass experiments at Los Alamos and Troitsk. We furthermore update the projected final sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment to <1e10 at 90% confidence level, by relying on updated operational conditions., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2022
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12. Improved eV-scale Sterile-Neutrino Constraints from the Second KATRIN Measurement Campaign

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the results of the light sterile neutrino search from the second KATRIN measurement campaign in 2019. Approaching nominal activity, $3.76 \times 10^6$ tritium $\beta$-electrons are analyzed in an energy window extending down to $40\,$eV below the tritium endpoint at $E_0 = 18.57\,$keV. We consider the $3\nu+1$ framework with three active and one sterile neutrino flavor. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass eigenstate $m_4^2\lesssim1600\,$eV$^2$ and active-to-sterile mixing $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 6 \times 10^{-3}$. As no sterile-neutrino signal was observed, we provide improved exclusion contours on $m_4^2$ and $|U_{e4}|^2$ at $95\,$% C.L. Our results supersede the limits from the Mainz and Troitsk experiments. Furthermore, we are able to exclude the large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ solutions of the reactor antineutrino and gallium anomalies to a great extent. The latter has recently been reaffirmed by the BEST collaboration and could be explained by a sterile neutrino with large mixing. While the remaining solutions at small $\Delta m_{41}^2$ are mostly excluded by short-baseline reactor experiments, KATRIN is the only ongoing laboratory experiment to be sensitive to relevant solutions at large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ through a robust spectral shape analysis., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2022
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13. New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, F, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, La Cascio, L, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Salomon, R, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, and Schlösser, K
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, KATRIN Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We report on the direct search for cosmic relic neutrinos using data acquired during the first two science campaigns of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the end point at 18.57 keV. The analysis is sensitive to a local relic neutrino overdensity ratio of η
Published: 2022

14. Improved eV-scale sterile-neutrino constraints from the second KATRIN measurement campaign

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, La Cascio, L, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Salomon, R, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, Schlösser, K, and Schlüter, L
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: We present the results of the light sterile neutrino search from the second Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) measurement campaign in 2019. Approaching nominal activity, 3.76×106 tritium β-electrons are analyzed in an energy window extending down to 40 eV below the tritium end point at E0=18.57 keV. We consider the 3ν+1 framework with three active and one sterile neutrino flavors. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass eigenstate m42≲1600 eV2 and active-to-sterile mixing |Ue4|2≳6×10-3. As no sterile-neutrino signal was observed, we provide improved exclusion contours on m42 and |Ue4|2 at 95% C.L. Our results supersede the limits from the Mainz and Troitsk experiments. Furthermore, we are able to exclude the large Δm412 solutions of the reactor antineutrino and gallium anomalies to a great extent. The latter has recently been reaffirmed by the BEST Collaboration and could be explained by a sterile neutrino with large mixing. While the remaining solutions at small Δm412 are mostly excluded by short-baseline reactor experiments, KATRIN is the only ongoing laboratory experiment to be sensitive to relevant solutions at large Δm412 through a robust spectral shape analysis.
Published: 2022

15. Direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-electronvolt sensitivity

Author: Aker, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Boettcher, M, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, La Cascio, L, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Barrero, D Diaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fraenkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glueck, F, Groessle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Gupta, V, Hoehn, T, Hannen, V, Haussmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, F, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Koehler, C, Koellenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalik, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Mueller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Roellig, M, Roettele, C, Rodenbeck, C, Rysavy, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schaefer, P, Pollithy, A Schaller Nee, Schimpf, L, Schloesser, K, and Schloesser, M
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Fluids & Plasmas, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: Since the discovery of neutrino oscillations, we know that neutrinos have non-zero mass. However, the absolute neutrino-mass scale remains unknown. Here we report the upper limits on effective electron anti-neutrino mass, mν, from the second physics run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment. In this experiment, mν is probed via a high-precision measurement of the tritium β-decay spectrum close to its endpoint. This method is independent of any cosmological model and does not rely on assumptions whether the neutrino is a Dirac or Majorana particle. By increasing the source activity and reducing the background with respect to the first physics campaign, we reached a sensitivity on mν of 0.7 eV c–2 at a 90% confidence level (CL). The best fit to the spectral data yields mν2 = (0.26 ± 0.34) eV2 c–4, resulting in an upper limit of mν < 0.9 eV c–2 at 90% CL. By combining this result with the first neutrino-mass campaign, we find an upper limit of mν < 0.8 eV c–2 at 90% CL.
Published: 2022

16. First direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-eV sensitivity

Author: Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gupta, V., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the results of the second measurement campaign of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. KATRIN probes the effective electron anti-neutrino mass, $m_{\nu}$, via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum close to its endpoint at $18.6\,\mathrm{keV}$. In the second physics run presented here, the source activity was increased by a factor of 3.8 and the background was reduced by $25\,\%$ with respect to the first campaign. A sensitivity on $m_{\nu}$ of $0.7\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ at $90\,\%$ confidence level (CL) was reached. This is the first sub-eV sensitivity from a direct neutrino-mass experiment. The best fit to the spectral data yields $m_{\nu}^2 = (0.26\pm0.34)\,\mathrm{eV^4/c^4}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.9\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL). By combining this result with the first neutrino mass campaign, we find an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.8\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL)., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2021

17. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Miniawy, A. El, Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Meier, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwachtgen, C., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $m_\nu$ of 0.2$\,$eV/c$^2$ (90% CL). For this purpose, the $\beta$-electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6$\,$keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $\beta$-electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the \linebreak energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% T$_2$ gas mixture at 30$\,$K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino mass analyses, as well as a D$_2$ gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $\sigma(m_\nu^2)<10^{-2}\,\mathrm{eV}^2$ [arXiv:2101.05253] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level., Comment: 12 figures, 18 pages; to be submitted to EPJ C
Published: 2021
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18. The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Amsbaugh, J. F., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Bast, J., Bauer, S., Bechtler, H., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bender, B., Berendes, R., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bettin, C., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bohn, J., Bokeloh, K., Bolz, H., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Bouquet, H., Boyd, N. M., Brunst, T., Burritt, T. H., Caldwell, T. S., Chaoui, Z., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Cox, G. A., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eichelhardt, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frenzel, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gehring, R., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Grimm, J., Grohmann, S., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Häßler, D., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Harper, G. C., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Held, M., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzmann, S., Horn, S., Hötzel, M., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., James, T., Jansen, A., Kaiser, M., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Klein, M., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Kumb, A., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M. L., Lehnert, B., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Lewis, R. J., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mehret, K., Meloni, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Monreal, B., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Myers, A. W., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Parno, D. S., Peterson, D. A., Plischke, P., Poon, A. W. P., Prall, M., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Reich, J., Renschler, P., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rupp, S., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Sagawe, M., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Van Wechel, T. D., Vénos, D., Verbeek, A., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Vogt, K., Wall, B. L., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weingardt, H., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadoroghny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns., Comment: Added missing acknowledgement, corrected performance statement in chapter 4.2.5, updated author list and references
Published: 2021
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19. Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Díaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Köllenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Müller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Vénos, D., Valerius, K., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the data set, data handling, and detailed analysis techniques of the first neutrino-mass measurement by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which probes the absolute neutrino-mass scale via the $\beta$-decay kinematics of molecular tritium. The source is highly pure, cryogenic T$_2$ gas. The $\beta$ electrons are guided along magnetic field lines toward a high-resolution, integrating spectrometer for energy analysis. A silicon detector counts $\beta$ electrons above the energy threshold of the spectrometer, so that a scan of the thresholds produces a precise measurement of the high-energy spectral tail. After detailed theoretical studies, simulations, and commissioning measurements, extending from the molecular final-state distribution to inelastic scattering in the source to subtleties of the electromagnetic fields, our independent, blind analyses allow us to set an upper limit of 1.1 eV on the neutrino-mass scale at a 90\% confidence level. This first result, based on a few weeks of running at a reduced source intensity and dominated by statistical uncertainty, improves on prior limits by nearly a factor of two. This result establishes an analysis framework for future KATRIN measurements, and provides important input to both particle theory and cosmology., Comment: 36 pages with 26 figures. Accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2021
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20. Bound on 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing from the first four-week science run of KATRIN

Author: Aker, M., Altenmueller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Boettcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Diaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, M. Fedkevych A., Formaggio, J. A., Fraenkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glueck, F., Groessle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hoehn, T., Hannen, V., Haussmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Koellenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalik, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Guennic, N. Le, Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Mueller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Roellig, M., Roettele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schaefer, P., Schimpf, L., Schloesser, M., Schloesser, K., Schlueter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Sefcik, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezak, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thuemmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Venos, D., Valerius, K., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wuestling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in~2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino of mass $m_{4}$. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass state $m^2_{4} \lesssim$ 1000 eV$^2$ and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 2\cdot10^{-2}$. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results and improve the Troitsk bound for $m^2_{4} <$ 30 eV$^2$. The reactor and gallium anomalies are constrained for $ 100 < \Delta{m}^2_{41} < 1000$ eV$^2$., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2020
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21. The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Amsbaugh, JF, Arenz, M, Babutzka, M, Bast, J, Bauer, S, Bechtler, H, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bender, B, Berendes, R, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bettin, C, Bieringer, B, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Böttcher, M, Bohn, J, Bokeloh, K, Bolz, H, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Bouquet, H, Boyd, NM, Brunst, T, Burritt, TH, Caldwell, TS, Chaoui, Z, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Corona, TJ, Cox, GA, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dunmore, JA, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eichelhardt, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Fischer, S, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Frenzel, H, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gehring, R, Gil, W, Glück, F, Görhardt, S, Grimm, J, Grössle, R, Groh, S, Grohmann, S, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Häßler, D, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Harper, GC, Hartmann, J, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Held, M, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillen, B, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Hötzel, M, Holzmann, S, Horn, S, Houdy, T, Howe, MA, Huber, A, James, T, Jansen, A, Kaiser, M, Karl, C, and Kazachenko, O
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Beam-line instrumentation, Spectrometers, Gas systems and purification, Neutrino detectors, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [1] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [2]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns.
Published: 2021

22. Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

Author: Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, La Cascio, L, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Díaz Barrero, D, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Höhn, T, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Köllenberger, L, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Lopez Poyato, JM, Müller, K, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Osipowicz, A, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Rodenbeck, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schaller, A, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schlüter, L, Schrank, M, Schulz, B, and Šefčík, M
Abstract: We report on the dataset, data handling, and detailed analysis techniques of the first neutrino-mass measurement by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which probes the absolute neutrino-mass scale via the β-decay kinematics of molecular tritium. The source is highly pure, cryogenic T2 gas. The β electrons are guided along magnetic field lines toward a high-resolution, integrating spectrometer for energy analysis. A silicon detector counts β electrons above the energy threshold of the spectrometer, so that a scan of the thresholds produces a precise measurement of the high-energy spectral tail. After detailed theoretical studies, simulations, and commissioning measurements, extending from the molecular final-state distribution to inelastic scattering in the source to subtleties of the electromagnetic fields, our independent, blind analyses allow us to set an upper limit of 1.1 eV on the neutrino-mass scale at a 90% confidence level. This first result, based on a few weeks of running at a reduced source intensity and dominated by statistical uncertainty, improves on prior limits by nearly a factor of two. This result establishes an analysis framework for future KATRIN measurements, and provides important input to both particle theory and cosmology.
Published: 2021

23. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Miniawy, A El, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Groh, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Le, TL, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Meier, M, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schäfer, P, Schaller, A, Schimpf, L, and Schlösser, K
Subjects: Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: AbstractThe KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $$m_\nu $$ m ν of 0.2 $$\hbox {eV}/\hbox {c}^2$$ eV / c 2 (90% CL). For this purpose, the $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6 keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% $$\hbox {T}_2$$ T 2 gas mixture at 30 K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino-mass analyses, as well as a $$\hbox {D}_2$$ D 2 gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $$\sigma (m_\nu ^2)< {{10}^{-2}}{\hbox {eV}^{2}}$$ σ ( m ν 2 ) < 10 - 2 eV 2 [1] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level.
Published: 2021

24. Bound on 3+1 Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing from the First Four-Week Science Run of KATRIN

Author: Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, La Cascio, L, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Barrero, D Díaz, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Höhn, T, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Köllenberger, L, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Le Guennic, N, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Poyato, JM Lopez, Müller, K, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Osipowicz, A, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Rodenbeck, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schaller, A, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, Schlösser, K, Schlüter, L, Schrank, M, and Schulz, B
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, KATRIN Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino. The analysis is sensitive to the mass, m_{4}, of the fourth mass state for m_{4}^{2}≲1000 eV^{2} and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to |U_{e4}|^{2}≳2×10^{-2}. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results for m_{4}^{2}≲1000 eV^{2} and improve the Troitsk bound for m_{4}^{2}
Published: 2021

25. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Monreal, B., Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, "electron catchers" were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background., Comment: - 12 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added; precised a few arguments, added additional discussions, results unchanged
Published: 2019
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26. An improved upper limit on the neutrino mass from a direct kinematic method by KATRIN

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Barrett, J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bokeloh, K., Bonn, J., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eisenblätter, L., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Flatt, B., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gauda, K., Gemmeke, H., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Groh, S., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Minh, M. Ha, Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kaboth, A., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalí, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Krause, H., Kuckert, L., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Lichter, S., Lobashev, V. M., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Müller, K., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzman, P. I. Morales, Naumann, U., Ndeke, W., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Oblath, N. S., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Phillips II, D. G., Plischke, P., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Pouryamout, J., Prall, M., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Roll, Ch., Rupp, S., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Skasyrskaya, A., Slezak, M., Spalek, A., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Venos, D., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Vianden, R., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wall, B. L., Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadorozhny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of $(-1.0^{+0.9}_{-1.1})$ eV$^2$. From this we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90$\%$ confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of two and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation.
Published: 2019
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27. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Barrett, J., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Minh, M. Ha, Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lebert, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Megas, F., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Meier, M., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of beta-decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV 90% CL. In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.
Published: 2019
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28. High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Plischke, P., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this work, we present the first spectroscopic measurements of conversion electrons originating from the decay of metastable gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr with the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The results obtained in this calibration measurement represent a major commissioning milestone for the upcoming direct neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. The successful campaign demonstrates the functionalities of the full KATRIN beamline. The KATRIN main spectrometer's excellent energy resolution of ~ 1 eV made it possible to determine the narrow K-32 and L$_3$-32 conversion electron line widths with an unprecedented precision of ~ 1 %., Comment: Fixed affiliation of the corresponding author
Published: 2019
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29. Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, A., Kraus, M., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to measure the effective electron antineutrino mass $m_{\overline{\nu}_e}$ with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c$^2$ using a gaseous tritium source combined with the MAC-E filter technique. A low background rate is crucial to achieving the proposed sensitivity, and dedicated measurements have been performed to study possible sources of background electrons. In this work, we test the hypothesis that gamma radiation from external radioactive sources significantly increases the rate of background events created in the main spectrometer (MS) and observed in the focal-plane detector. Using detailed simulations of the gamma flux in the experimental hall, combined with a series of experimental tests that artificially increased or decreased the local gamma flux to the MS, we set an upper limit of 0.006 count/s (90% C.L.) from this mechanism. Our results indicate the effectiveness of the electrostatic and magnetic shielding used to block secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface of the MS.
Published: 2019
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30. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author: Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Bouquet, H, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Díaz Barrero, D, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, F, Franklin, GB, Frankrone, H, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Hartmann, J, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Heizmann, J, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Holzapfel, B, Holzmann, S, Houdy, T, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kuffner, B, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Letnev, J, Leven, F, Le, TL, Lichter, S, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Müller, K, Naumann, U, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Noe, M, Ortjohann, HW, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, and Pollithy, A
Subjects: Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)-neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c2 by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium β-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic (MAC-E) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, creating a Penning trap is unavoidable when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, “electron catchers” were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background.
Published: 2020

31. High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous 83mKr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment

Author: Altenmüller, K, Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, AG, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Plischke, P, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, C-O Ranitzsch, P, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schönung, K, Schrank, M, and Seitz-Moskaliuk, H
Subjects: Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: In this work, we present the first spectroscopic measurements of conversion electrons originating from the decay of metastable gaseous 83mKr with the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The obtained results represent one of the major commissioning milestones for the subsequent direct neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. The successful campaign demonstrates the functionalities of the KATRIN beamline. Precise measurement of the narrow K-32, L3-32, and N2,3-32 conversion electron lines allowed to verify the eV-scale energy resolution of the KATRIN main spectrometer necessary for competitive measurement of the absolute neutrino mass scale.
Published: 2020

32. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author: Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Barrett, J, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Bouquet, H, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Díaz Barrero, D, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Frankrone, H, Friedel, F, Fuchs, D, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Hartmann, J, Haußmann, N, Ha-Minh, M, Heizmann, F, Heizmann, J, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Holzapfel, B, Holzmann, S, Houdy, T, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kuffner, B, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lebert, M, Lehnert, B, Letnev, J, Leven, F, Le, TL, Lichter, S, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Megas, F, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, and Meier, M
Subjects: Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of β -decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV (90 % CL). In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.
Published: 2020

33. Characterization of the KATRIN cryogenic pumping section

Author: Röttele, C., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Röllig, M., Marsteller, A., Schimpf, L., Friedel, F., Jansen, A., Gil, W., Schrank, M., Wolf, J., Drexlin, G., and Bornschein, B.
Published: 2023
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34. The KATRIN Superconducting Magnets: Overview and First Performance Results

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, n W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, uE., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims for the determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass from the tritium beta-decay with an unprecedented sub-eV sensitivity. The strong magnetic fields, designed for up to 6~T, adiabatically guide $\beta$-electrons from the source to the detector within a magnetic flux of 191~Tcm$^2$. A chain of ten single solenoid magnets and two larger superconducting magnet systems have been designed, constructed, and installed in the 70-m-long KATRIN beam line. The beam diameter for the magnetic flux varies from 0.064~m to 9~m, depending on the magnetic flux density along the beam line. Two transport and tritium pumping sections are assembled with chicane beam tubes to avoid direct "line-of-sight" molecular beaming effect of gaseous tritium molecules into the next beam sections. The sophisticated beam alignment has been successfully cross-checked by electron sources. In addition, magnet safety systems were developed to protect the complex magnet systems against coil quenches or other system failures. The main functionality of the magnet safety systems has been successfully tested with the two large magnet systems. The complete chain of the magnets was operated for several weeks at 70$\%$ of the design fields for the first test measurements with radioactive krypton gas. The stability of the magnetic fields of the source magnets has been shown to be better than 0.01$\%$ per month at 70$\%$ of the design fields. This paper gives an overview of the KATRIN superconducting magnets and reports on the first performance results of the magnets.
Published: 2018
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35. Muon-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Linek, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rink, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rovedo, P., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to make a model-independent determination of the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c$^{2}$. It investigates the kinematics of $\beta$-particles from tritium $\beta$-decay close to the endpoint of the energy spectrum. Because the KATRIN main spectrometer (MS) is located above ground, muon-induced backgrounds are of particular concern. Coincidence measurements with the MS and a scintillator-based muon detector system confirmed the model of secondary electron production by cosmic-ray muons inside the MS. Correlation measurements with the same setup showed that about $12\%$ of secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface are induced by cosmic-ray muons, with approximately one secondary electron produced for every 17 muon crossings. However, the magnetic and electrostatic shielding of the MS is able to efficiently suppress these electrons, and we find that muons are responsible for less than $17\%$ ($90\%$ confidence level) of the overall MS background.
Published: 2018
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36. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author: KATRIN Collaboration, Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berendes, R., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buglak, W., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gil, W., Glück, F., Urena, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\,{\text{eV}/c^2}$ (90\% C.L.) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium \textbeta-spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as $\textsuperscript{219}$Rn and $\textsuperscript{220}$Rn, in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2018
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37. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at -18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN's commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor $M=1972.449(10)$ of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration four years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2018
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38. First transmission of electrons and ions through the KATRIN beamline

Author: Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a large-scale effort to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% confidence level), via a precise measurement of the endpoint spectrum of tritium beta decay. This work documents several KATRIN commissioning milestones: the complete assembly of the experimental beamline, the successful transmission of electrons from three sources through the beamline to the primary detector, and tests of ion transport and retention. In the First Light commissioning campaign of Autumn 2016, photoelectrons were generated at the rear wall and ions were created by a dedicated ion source attached to the rear section; in July 2017, gaseous Kr-83m was injected into the KATRIN source section, and a condensed Kr-83m source was deployed in the transport section. In this paper we describe the technical details of the apparatus and the configuration for each measurement, and give first results on source and system performance. We have successfully achieved transmission from all four sources, established system stability, and characterized many aspects of the apparatus., Comment: Minor updates; as published in JINST
Published: 2018
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39. Improved Upper Limit on the Neutrino Mass from a Direct Kinematic Method by KATRIN

Author: Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Arenz, M, Babutzka, M, Barrett, J, Bauer, S, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bokeloh, K, Bonn, J, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Bouquet, H, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, La Cascio, L, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Corona, TJ, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dunmore, JA, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eisenblätter, L, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Fischer, S, Flatt, B, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Frankrone, H, Friedel, F, Fuchs, D, Fulst, A, Furse, D, Gauda, K, Gemmeke, H, Gil, W, Glück, F, Görhardt, S, Groh, S, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Minh, M Ha, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Hartmann, J, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillen, B, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Holzapfel, B, Holzmann, S, Houdy, T, Howe, MA, Huber, A, James, TM, Jansen, A, Kaboth, A, Karl, C, Kazachenko, O, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kosmider, A, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, and Krause, H
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, KATRIN Collaboration, hep-ex, astro-ph.CO, nucl-ex, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic end point at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of (-1.0_{-1.1}^{+0.9}) eV^{2}. From this, we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90% confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of 2 and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation.
Published: 2019

40. Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K, Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Bouquet, H, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, AG, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, A, Kraus, M, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PCO, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schlüter, L, Schrank, M, Seitz-Moskaliuk, H, and Sibille, V
Subjects: Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to measure the effective electron antineutrino mass mν¯e with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c2 using a gaseous tritium source combined with the MAC-E filter technique. A low background rate is crucial to achieving the proposed sensitivity, and dedicated measurements have been performed to study possible sources of background electrons. In this work, we test the hypothesis that gamma radiation from external radioactive sources significantly increases the rate of background events created in the main spectrometer (MS) and observed in the focal-plane detector. Using detailed simulations of the gamma flux in the experimental hall, combined with a series of experimental tests that artificially increased or decreased the local gamma flux to the MS, we set an upper limit of 0.006count/s (90% C.L.) from this mechanism. Our results indicate the effectiveness of the electrostatic and magnetic shielding used to block secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface of the MS.
Published: 2019

41. Muon-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K, Arenz, M, Baek, W-J, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bobien, S, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, A Gonzalez, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Leiber, B, Letnev, J, Linek, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Rest, O, Rink, R, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Rovedo, P, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, and Schimpf, L
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Cosmic-ray muon backgrounds, Electrostatic spectrometer, Neutrino mass, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to make a model-independent determination of the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c 2 . It investigates the kinematics of β-particles from tritium β-decay close to the endpoint of the energy spectrum. Because the KATRIN main spectrometer (MS) is located above ground, muon-induced backgrounds are of particular concern. Coincidence measurements with the MS and a scintillator-based muon detector system confirmed the model of secondary electron production by cosmic-ray muons inside the MS. Correlation measurements with the same setup showed that about 12% of secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface are induced by cosmic-ray muons, with approximately one secondary electron produced for every 17 muon crossings. However, the magnetic and electrostatic shielding of the MS is able to efficiently suppress these electrons, and we find that muons are responsible for less than 17% (90% confidence level) of the overall MS background.
Published: 2019

42. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, W-J, Bauer, S, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berendes, R, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buglak, W, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Furse, D, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, A Gonzalez, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, and Schönung, K
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, physics.ins-det, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c2 (%90 CL) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium β -spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as 219Rn and 220Rn , in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes.
Published: 2018

43. The KATRIN superconducting magnets: Overview and first performance results

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Frankle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Urena, AG, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalik, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PCO, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schönung, K, Schrank, M, Seitz-Moskaliuk, H, Sentkerestiová, J, and Sibille, V
Subjects: Acceleration cavities and magnets superconducting, Control systems, Cryogenics, Spectrometers, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment aims for the determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass from the tritium beta-decay with an unprecedented sub-eV sensitivity. The strong magnetic fields, designed for up to 6 T, adiabatically guide β-electrons from the source to the detector within a magnetic flux of 191 Tcm2. A chain of ten single solenoid magnets and two larger superconducting magnet systems have been designed, constructed, and installed in the 70-m-long KATRIN beam line. The beam diameter for the magnetic flux varies from 0.064 m to 9 m, depending on the magnetic flux density along the beam line. Two transport and tritium pumping sections are assembled with chicane beam tubes to avoid direct "line-of-sight" molecular beaming effect of gaseous tritium molecules into the next beam sections. The sophisticated beam alignment has been successfully cross-checked by electron sources. In addition, magnet safety systems were developed to protect the complex magnet systems against coil quenches or other system failures. The main functionality of the magnet safety systems has been successfully tested with the two large magnet systems. The complete chain of the magnets was operated for several weeks at 70% of the design fields for the first test measurements with radioactive krypton gas. The stability of the magnetic fields of the source magnets has been shown to be better than 0.01% per month at 70% of the design fields. This paper gives an overview of the KATRIN superconducting magnets and reports on the first performance results of the magnets.
Published: 2018

44. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of 83mKr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, W-J, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Fischer, S, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, A Gonzalez, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schönung, K, Schrank, M, and Seitz-Moskaliuk, H
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two 83 mKr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor M= 1972.449 (10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider.
Published: 2018

45. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of 83 m Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Fischer, S, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, AG, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PCO, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schönung, K, Schrank, M, and Seitz-Moskaliuk, H
Subjects: Nuclear & Particles Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two 83 mKr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor M= 1972.449 (10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider.
Published: 2018

46. First transmission of electrons and ions through the KATRIN beamline

Author: Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Fischer, S, Formaggio, JA, Frankle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gil, W, Glück, F, Urena, AG, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillesheimer, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalik, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Naumann, U, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Ortjohann, HW, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PCO, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, and Schönung, K
Subjects: Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), electron beam (EBIS)), Detector control systems, Beam-line instrumentation, Spectrometers, Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron resonance, electron beam (EBIS)), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a large-scale effort to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% confidence level), via a precise measurement of the endpoint spectrum of tritium β-decay. This work documents several KATRIN commissioning milestones: the complete assembly of the experimental beamline, the successful transmission of electrons from three sources through the beamline to the primary detector, and tests of ion transport and retention. In the First Light commissioning campaign of autumn 2016, photoelectrons were generated at the rear wall and ions were created by a dedicated ion source attached to the rear section; in July 2017, gaseous 83mKr was injected into the KATRIN source section, and a condensed 83mKr source was deployed in the transport section. In this paper we describe the technical details of the apparatus and the configuration for each measurement, and give first results on source and system performance. We have successfully achieved transmission from all four sources, established system stability, and characterized many aspects of the apparatus.
Published: 2018

47. Commissioning of the vacuum system of the KATRIN Main Spectrometer

Author: Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Bahr, M., Barrett, J. P., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Besserer, U., Blümer, J., Bodine, L. I., Bokeloh, K., Bonn, J., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Büsch, S., Burritt, T. H., Chilingaryan, S., Corona, T. J., De Viveiros, L., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Ebenhöch, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F., Furse, D., Ghilea, M., Gil, W., Glück, F., Urena, A. Gonzalez, Görhardt, S., Groh, S., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Hauÿmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Hötzel, M., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Kosmider, A., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Krause, H., Krause, M., Kuckert, L., Kuffner, B., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Lobashev, V. M., Lokhov, A., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Müller, K., Neuberger, M., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Oblath, N. S., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Plischke, P., Poon, A. W. P., Prall, M., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Reich, J., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Röllig, M., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, S., Rysavy, M., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schwarz, J., Seiler, W., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiova, J., Skasyrskaya, A., Slezak, M., Spalek, A., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Unru, A., Valerius, K., Venos, D., Vianden, R., Vöcking, S., Wall, B. L., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Winzen, D., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zacher, M., Zadoroghny, S., and Zboril, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment will probe the neutrino mass by measuring the beta-electron energy spectrum near the endpoint of tritium beta-decay. An integral energy analysis will be performed by an electro-static spectrometer (Main Spectrometer), an ultra-high vacuum vessel with a length of 23.2 m, a volume of 1240 m^3, and a complex inner electrode system with about 120000 individual parts. The strong magnetic field that guides the beta-electrons is provided by super-conducting solenoids at both ends of the spectrometer. Its influence on turbo-molecular pumps and vacuum gauges had to be considered. A system consisting of 6 turbo-molecular pumps and 3 km of non-evaporable getter strips has been deployed and was tested during the commissioning of the spectrometer. In this paper the configuration, the commissioning with bake-out at 300{\deg}C, and the performance of this system are presented in detail. The vacuum system has to maintain a pressure in the 10^{-11} mbar range. It is demonstrated that the performance of the system is already close to these stringent functional requirements for the KATRIN experiment, which will start at the end of 2016., Comment: submitted for publication in JINST, 39 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2016
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48. Commissioning of the vacuum system of the KATRIN Main Spectrometer

Author: Arenz, M, Babutzka, M, Bahr, M, Barrett, JP, Bauer, S, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Bergmann, T, Besserer, U, Blümer, J, Bodine, LI, Bokeloh, K, Bonn, J, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Büsch, S, Burritt, TH, Chilingaryan, S, Corona, TJ, De Viveiros, L, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Ebenhöch, S, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Fischer, S, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, F, Furse, D, Ghilea, M, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, A Gonzalez, Görhardt, S, Groh, S, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Hillen, B, Höhn, T, Holzapfel, B, Hötzel, M, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Kosmider, A, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Krause, H, Krause, M, Kuckert, L, Kuffner, B, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Leiber, B, Letnev, J, Lobashev, VM, Lokhov, A, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Müller, K, Neuberger, M, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Noe, M, Oblath, NS, Off, A, Ortjohann, H-W, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Plischke, P, and Poon, AWP
Subjects: Gas systems and purification, Neutrino detectors, Spectrometers, Vacuum-based detectors, physics.ins-det, Physical Sciences, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment will probe the neutrino mass by measuring the β-electron energy spectrum near the endpoint of tritium β-decay. An integral energy analysis will be performed by an electro-static spectrometer (“Main Spectrometer”), an ultra-high vacuum vessel with a length of 23.2 m, a volume of 1240 m3, and a complex inner electrode system with about 120 000 individual parts. The strong magnetic field that guides the β-electrons is provided by super-conducting solenoids at both ends of the spectrometer. Its influence on turbo-molecular pumps and vacuum gauges had to be considered. A system consisting of 6 turbo-molecular pumps and 3 km of non-evaporable getter strips has been deployed and was tested during the commissioning of the spectrometer. In this paper the configuration, the commissioning with bake-out at 300◦C, and the performance of this system are presented in detail. The vacuum system has to maintain a pressure in the 10−11 mbar range. It is demonstrated that the performance of the system is already close to these stringent functional requirements for the KATRIN experiment, which will start at the end of 2016.
Published: 2016

49. Muon-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W.-J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W.Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P.J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J.A., Fränkle, F.M., Franklin, G.B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Gonzalez Ureña, A., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Howe, M.A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Linek, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E.L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D.S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A.W.P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P.C.-O., Rest, O., Rink, R., Robertson, R.G.H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rovedo, P., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H.H., Thorne, L.A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Vizcaya Hernández, A.P., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J.F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Published: 2019
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50. Monitoring of the operating parameters of the KATRIN Windowless Gaseous Tritium Source

Author: Babutzka, M., Bahr, M., Bonn, J., Bornschein, B., Dieter, A., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Fischer, S., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Hötzel, M., James, T. M., Käfer, W., Leber, M., Monreal, B., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Schlösser, M., Schmitt, U., Sharipov, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., and Titov, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment will measure the absolute mass scale of neutrinos with a sensitivity of $\m_{\nu}$ = 200 meV/c$^2$ by high-precision spectroscopy close to the tritium beta-decay endpoint at 18.6 keV. Its Windowless Gaseous Tritium Source (WGTS) is a beta-decay source of high intensity ($10^{11}$/s) and stability, where high-purity molecular tritium at 30 K is circulated in a closed loop with a yearly throughput of 10 kg. To limit systematic effects the column density of the source has to be stabilised at the 0.1% level. This requires extensive sensor instrumentation and dedicated control and monitoring systems for parameters such as the beam tube temperature, injection pressure, gas composition and others. Here we give an overview of these systems including a dedicated Laser-Raman system as well as several beta-decay activity monitors. We also report on results of the WGTS demonstrator and other large-scale test experiments giving proof-of-principle that all parameters relevant to the systematics can be controlled and monitored on the 0.1% level or better. As a result of these works, the WGTS systematics can be controlled within stringent margins, enabling the KATRIN experiment to explore the neutrino mass scale with the design sensitivity., Comment: 32 pages, 13 figures. modification to title, typos corrected
Published: 2012
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