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In recent years an increase in vector-borne disease activity has been recorded in different regions. The epidemiology of such diseases is conditioned by complex interactions among environment, parasite, vector, man and eventually animal – either domestic or wild – reservoir. Global warming together with the increase of transport of goods, animals and people travels are impacting the risk that exotic species, both of insects and parasites, enter and establish in new territories. For these reasons a regional surveillance program focused on vectored diseases was implemented in Emilia-Romagna. The aim of the project is to create a regional surveillance and risk assessment system based on a multidisciplinary network, with the capability of collecting data about both vector populations dynamics, and possible presence of pathogens in vectors, men and animals. It has therefore been constituted a working group, coordinated by the General Direction for Health and Social Policy of the Emilia-Romagna Region, composed by physicians, veterinarians and entomologists. Activities have been addressed to the activation of an entomological monitoring system for key vectors, to the development of diagnostic procedures of selected zoonosis, to the predisposition of a training program. Because it is endemic in Emilia-Romagna Region, Leishmaniasis has been selected to test the system. After only two months from its constitution, the working group had to manage the Chikungunya epidemic occurred in Ravenna and Cervia municipalities during summer of 2007. After only 15 days from the reporting of the first human cases, it has been possible to perform the diagnosis, isolating the virus from the vector (Aedes albopictus), to define a reporting system of clinical suspects and diagnostic procedures in man. In the same time an intensive vector control program was carried out in infected areas. The timing organization of a multidisciplinary network focused on vector diseases surveillance and control is producing important positive output in terms of managing capacity of epidemic situation and risk assessment