104 results on '"Bortolini E"'
Search Results
2. The Great Transformation
- Author
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Cavulli, F., primary, Scaruffi, S., additional, Salvatori, S., additional, Munoz, O., additional, Uerpmann, M., additional, Uerpmann, H.-P., additional, Delfino, M., additional, Frazier, J., additional, Borgi, F., additional, Maini, E., additional, Buta, M., additional, Frenez, D., additional, Bortolini, E., additional, Charpentier, V., additional, Kenoyer, J.M., additional, Lemée, M., additional, Gernez, G., additional, Azzarà, V.M., additional, Cattani, M., additional, Giardino, C., additional, Law, R.W., additional, Curci, A., additional, and Carletti, M., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. An evolutionary and quantitative analysis of construction variation in prehistoric monumental burials of eastern Arabia
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Bortolini, E.
- Subjects
930 - Abstract
This study aims to analyse change in prehistoric funerary structures and related material culture of Bronze Age eastern Arabia (Sultanate of Oman and UAE, 3100-2000 BC) from the perspective of cultural evolutionary theory. By observing the patterning of decorative and structural elements in monumental tombs and pottery, new hypotheses about the underlying mechanisms of cultural transmission can be explored. The main objective is to transcend the traditional dichotomy between early and late tomb types by creating an explanatory framework that looks at diachronic variation to lay the foundations for future inference of cultural processes. The research develops a new systematic description of tombs and ceramic materials that allows for consistent observation of change through time. Pattern-recognition methods are applied to both tombs and pottery: structural variability in tombs is observed in space and time, and the association between burials and local geology is tested for significance; variation in ceramic materials is examined, as well as their association with funerary practices. Intra- and inter-site diversity measures are used to investigate the role played by human interaction/isolation and possible demographic fluctuations in determining the mechanisms of adoption, replication and persistence of the examined cultural variants. The study relied on both published and unpublished evidence encompassing the whole study region. It also benefitted from the systematic collection of data through pedestrian survey from a previously unexplored area of northern Oman (Wādi Halfayin, ad-Dākhilyyah). By proposing a new analytical scale and by starting to research the cultural processes underlying diachronic change, this work allows for a reassessment of current classification and interpretation of prehistoric funerary practices of eastern Arabia, and generates new hypotheses on a still largely unknown archaeological context.
- Published
- 2014
4. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers
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Posth, C., Yu, H., Ghalichi, A., Rougier, H., Crevecoeur, I., Huang, Y., Ringbauer, H., Rohrlach, A., Nägele, K., Villalba-Mouco, V., Radzeviciute, R., Ferraz, T., Stoessel, A., Tukhbatova, R., Drucker, D., Lari, M., Modi, A., Vai, S., Saupe, T., Scheib, C., Catalano, G., Pagani, L., Talamo, S., Fewlass, H., Klaric, L., Morala, A., Rué, M., Madelaine, S., Crépin, L., Caverne, J., Bocaege, E., Ricci, S., Boschin, F., Bayle, P., Maureille, B., Le Brun-Ricalens, F., Bordes, J., Oxilia, G., Bortolini, E., Bignon-Lau, O., Debout, G., Orliac, M., Zazzo, A., Sparacello, V., Starnini, E., Sineo, L., van der Plicht, J., Pecqueur, L., Merceron, G., Garcia, G., Leuvrey, J., Garcia, C., Gómez-Olivencia, A., Połtowicz-Bobak, M., Bobak, D., Le Luyer, M., Storm, P., Hoffmann, C., Kabaciński, J., Filimonova, T., Shnaider, S., Berezina, N., González-Rabanal, B., Morales, G., R., M., Marín-Arroyo, A., López, B., Alonso-Llamazares, C., Ronchitelli, A., Polet, C., Jadin, I., Cauwe, N., Soler, J., Coromina, N., Rufí, I., Cottiaux, R., Clark, G., Straus, L., Julien, M., Renhart, S., Talaa, D., Benazzi, S., Romandini, M., Amkreutz, L., Bocherens, H., Wißing, C., Villotte, S., de Pablo, Fernández-López, J., Gómez-Puche, M., Esquembre-Bebia, M., Bodu, P., Smits, L., Souffi, B., Jankauskas, R., Kozakaitė, J., Cupillard, C., Benthien, H., Wehrberger, K., Schmitz, R., Feine, S., Schüler, T., Thevenet, C., Grigorescu, D., Lüth, F., Kotula, A., Piezonka, H., Schopper, F., Svoboda, J., Sázelová, S., Chizhevsky, A., Khokhlov, A., Conard, N., Valentin, F., Harvati, K., Semal, P., Jungklaus, B., Suvorov, A., Schulting, R., Moiseyev, V., Mannermaa, K., Buzhilova, A., Terberger, T., Caramelli, D., Altena, E., Haak, W., and Krause, J.
- Abstract
Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants. Ancient DNA data generation Before the LGM LGM in southwestern and western Europe Post-LGM in the Italian peninsula Post-LGM in western and central Europe Post-14 ka to Neolithic Phenotypically relevant variants Discussion and conclusions Methods
- Published
- 2023
5. Unraveling the morpho-functional traits of the Neanderthal talus
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Sorrentino Rita, Stephens N. B., Marchi D., DeMars L. J. D., Figus C., Bortolini E., Badino F., Saers J. P. P., Bettuzzi M., Boschin F., Capecchi G., Feletti Francesco, Guarnieri Tiziana, May H., Morigi M. P., Parr W., Ricci S., Ronchitelli A., Stock J. T., Carlson K. J., Ryan T. M., Belcastro M. G., Benazzi S., and Sorrentino Rita, Stephens N.B., Marchi D., DeMars L. J. D., Figus C., Bortolini E., Badino F., Saers J. P. P., Bettuzzi M., Boschin F., Capecchi G., Feletti Francesco, Guarnieri Tiziana, May H., Morigi M.P., Parr W., Ricci S., Ronchitelli A., Stock J. T., Carlson K. J., Ryan T. M., Belcastro M. G., Benazzi S.
- Subjects
Neandertals, talus - Published
- 2021
6. Earliest western expansion of the Uluzzian groups and the late Neanderthal occupation in southern Italy
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Oxilia G., Bortolini E., Marciani G., Menghi Sartorio J. C., Vazzana A., Bettuzzi M., Panetta D., Arrighi S., Badino F., Figus C., Lugli F., Romandini M., Silvestrini S., Sorrentino R., Moroni A., Donadio C., Morigi M. P., Slon V., Piperno M., Talamo S., Collina C., Benazzi S., and Oxilia G., Bortolini E., Marciani G., Menghi Sartorio J. C., Vazzana A., Bettuzzi M., Panetta D., Arrighi S., Badino F., Figus C., Lugli F., Romandini M., Silvestrini S., Sorrentino R., Moroni A., Donadio C., Morigi M. P., Slon V., Piperno M., Talamo S., Collina C., Benazzi S.
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Uluzzian, Neanderthal, H. sapiens, Italy - Published
- 2021
7. The fast-acting 'pulse' of Heinrich Stadial 3 in a mid-latitude boreal ecosystem
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Badino F.[1, Pini R.[2], Bertuletti P.[2, Ravazzi C.[2], Delmonte B.[3], Monegato G.[4], Reimer P.[5], Vallé F.[3], Arrighi S.[1, Bortolini E.[1], Figus C.[1], Lugli F.[1, Maggi V.[3], Marciani G.[1, Margaritora D.[3, Oxilia G.[1], Romandini M.[1, Sara Silvestrini S.[1], Stefano Benazzi S.[1, Federica Badino, Roberta Pini, Paolo Bertuletti, Cesare Ravazzi, Barbara Delmonte, Giovanni Monegato, Paula Reimer, Francesca Vallé, Simona Arrighi, Eugenio Bortolini, Carla Figus, Federico Lugli, Valter Maggi, Giulia Marciani, Davide Margaritora, Gregorio Oxilia, Matteo Romandini, Sara Silvestrini, Stefano Benazzi, Badino, F, Pini, R, Bertuletti, P, Ravazzi, C, Delmonte, B, Monegato, G, Reimer, P, Vallé, F, Arrighi, S, Bortolini, E, Figus, C, Lugli, F, Maggi, V, Marciani, G, Margaritora, D, Oxilia, G, Romandini, M, Silvestrini, S, and Benazzi, S
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Marine isotope stage ,010506 paleontology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Boreal ecosystem ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Paleoclimatology ,Heinrich Stadial 3 ,Palaeoclimate ,Palaeoecology ,Terrestrial records ,boreal ecosystem ,Stadial ,lcsh:Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,lcsh:R ,Northern Hemisphere ,paleoclimatology ,Environmental sciences ,HeinrichEvents, palaeoecology, palaeoclimatology, pollen, palaeofires ,Boreal ,13. Climate action ,Middle latitudes ,lcsh:Q ,Physical geography ,Geology ,Climate sciences ,Teleconnection - Abstract
A 3800 year-long radiocarbon-dated and highly-resolved palaeoecological record from Lake Fimon (N-Italy) served to investigate the effects of potential teleconnections between North Atlantic and mid-to-low latitudes at the transition from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 to 2. Boreal ecosystems documented in the Fimon record reacted in a sensitive way to millennial and sub-millennial scale Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation patterns. The high median time-resolution of 58 years allows the identification of five abrupt event-boundaries (i.e., main forest expansion and decline excursions) synchronous with the sharp stadial/interstadial (GS/GI) transitions within dating uncertainties. During Heinrich Stadial 3 (HS 3) we reconstruct more open and dry conditions, compared to the other GS, with a dominant regional scale fire signal. Linkages between local fires and climate-driven fuel changes resulted in high-magnitude fire peaks close to GI/GS boundaries, even exacerbated by local peatland conditions. Finally, palaeoecological data from the HS 3 interval unveiled an internal variability suggesting a peak between 30,425 and 29,772 cal BP (2σ error) which matches more depleted δ18O values in alpine speleothems. We hypothesise that this signal, broadly resembling that of other mid-latitudes proxies, may be attributed to the southward shift of the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks and the associated delayed iceberg discharge events as documented during other HS.
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- 2020
8. Bead Production in the Late Neolithic Communities of Coastal Oman
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Buta M. , Frenez D, Bortolini E., Charpentier V., Kenoyer J. M., Serge Cleuziou, Maurizio Tosi, Dennys Frenez, Roman Garba, and Buta M., Frenez D, Bortolini E., Charpentier V., Kenoyer J.M.
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Oman, Beads, Neolithic, Bronze Age - Abstract
The development and elaboration of softstone and marine shell bead production is one of the major questions that need to be addressed in the ongoing research of early human coastal adaptations in the Oman Peninsula. This research aimed first at testing the archaeological significance of beads as an indicator of cultural variability among the Late Neolithic coastal communities of Oman based on a series of specific stylistic, technological and morphometric features. Around 600 softstone and marine shell beads were documented from eight Late Neolithic sites located along the coast of the Sultanate of Oman, including both settlements and necropolises. From North to South the sites are, Ras Al-Hamra RH- 5, RH-6 and RH-10 in Muscat; Wadi Shab GAS-1 near Tiwi; Ras Al-Hadd HD-5, Ras Al-Khabbah KHB-1 and Suwayh SWY-1 and SWY-2 along the Ja’alan coast
- Published
- 2020
9. Program of the 88th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists
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Figus C, Stephens NB, Sorrentino R, Bortolini E, Scalise LM, Gabanini G, Romandini M, Lugli F, Arrighi S, Badino F, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Panetta D, Belcastro MG, Harcourt-Smith W, Ryan TM, and Benazzi S.
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060303 religions & theology ,0303 health sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Geography ,030310 physiology ,Anthropology ,Ethnology ,Morphology (biology) ,06 humanities and the arts ,Anatomy ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,16. Peace & justice ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion - Abstract
Fil: Menendez, Lumila Paula. Konrad Lorenz Institute; Austria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina
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- 2019
10. Unraveling the morpho-functional traits of the Neanderthal talus
- Author
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Sorrentino Rita, Stephens N.B., Marchi D., DeMars L. J. D., Figus C., Bortolini E., Badino F., Saers J. P. P., Bettuzzi M., Boschin F., Capecchi G., Feletti Francesco, Guarnieri Tiziana, May H., Morigi M.P., Parr W., Ricci S., Ronchitelli A., Stock J. T., Carlson K. J., Ryan T. M., Belcastro M. G., Benazzi S.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Exploring age-related variations during talar growth
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Figus C, Stephens NB, Sorrentino R, Bortolini E, Scalise LM, Gabanini G, Romandini M, Lugli F, Arrighi S, Badino F, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Panetta D, Belcastro MG, Harcourt-Smith W, Ryan TM, Benazzi S., and Figus C, Stephens NB, Sorrentino R, Bortolini E, Scalise LM, Gabanini G, Romandini M, Lugli F, Arrighi S, Badino F, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Panetta D, Belcastro MG, Harcourt-Smith W, Ryan TM, Benazzi S.
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talus, ontogeny, geometric morphometrics, talar growth - Abstract
Age estimation is a fundamental aspect in juvenile osteological studies and, as such, there are many methods that rely on ontogenetic-related changes to bone morphology. The talus, being a small and compact bone, is generally well preserved in archaeological contexts, but little is known about its morphological trajectory during growth. To better nderstand this we apply a (semi)landmark-based approach to an ontogenetic sample of 26 modern human juvenile tali (known age/sex = 12; unknown age/sex = 14), grouped by 5 age categories ranging from 0 to 15 years. A template of 11 landmarks and 205 semilandmarks were applied to 26 microCT-based digital models of the juvenile tali. These were superimposed by Generalized Procrustes Analysis with the semilandmarks freely sliding against recursive updates of the Procrustes consensus. Finally, individuals of unknown age/sex were projected into the form-space determined from a Principal Component Analysis of the known sample. Our results show that most of the morphometric variation is explained by PC1 (⁓91%), which is highly correlated with size and accounts for ontogenetic allometry. Negative scores (i.e., youngest) are related to a small and globular morphology. The positive scores (i.e., oldest) account for an elongation of the talar body, which is mainly related to the development of the neck and growth of the lateral malleolar facet. Overall, our preliminary results suggest that age-related morphological variations of the talus may be used to determine the general age of juvenile skeletal remains, which could be valuable to many archaeological and forensic researchers.
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- 2019
12. Assessing biological and cultural admixture in the Etruscan-Celtic population of Monterenzio Vecchio and Monte Bibele (Bologna, Italy)
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Bortolini E, Sorrentino R, Lugli F, Conti S, Piccirilli E, Arrighi S, Badino F, Buti L, Figus C, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Romandini M, Silvestrini S, Vazzana A, Gabanini G, Penzo A, Gottarelli A, Cipriani A, Belcastro MG, Benazzi S, Associazione Antropologica Italiana, and Bortolini E, Sorrentino R, Lugli F, Conti S, Piccirilli E, Arrighi S, Badino F, Buti L, Figus C, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Romandini M, Silvestrini S, Vazzana A, Gabanini G, Penzo A, Gottarelli A, Cipriani A, Belcastro MG, Benazzi S
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Monterenzio Vecchio, Monte Bibele, etruscan-celtic, cultural admixture, Italy - Published
- 2019
13. An overview of Alpine and Mediterranean palaeogeography, terrestrial ecosystems and climate history during MIS 3 with focus on the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition
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Badino F.[1, Pini R.[2], Ravazzi C.[2], Margaritora D.[2], Arrighi S.[1, 3, Bortolini E.[1], Figus C.[1], Giaccio B.[2, Lugli F.[1, Marciani G.[1, Monegato G.[7], Moroni A.[3], Negrino F.[8], Oxilia G.[1], Peresani M.[9], Romandini M.[1, Ronchitelli A.[3], Spinapolice E.E.[10], Zerboni A.[11], Benazzi S.[1, 12], Badino F., Pini R., Ravazzi C., Margaritora D., Arrighi S., Bortolini E., Figus C., Giaccio B., Lugli F., Marciani G., Monegato G., Moroni A., Negrino F., Oxilia G., Peresani M., Romandini M., Ronchitelli A., Spinapolice E.E., Zerboni A., and Benazzi S.
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Marine isotope stage ,Mediterranean climate ,Middle Upper Palaeolithic, Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimate, Marine Isotope Stage 3, Terrestrial records ,010506 paleontology ,Marine Isotope Stage 3 ,Middle Upper Palaeolithic ,Palaeoclimate ,Palaeoecology ,Terrestrial records ,Socio-culturale ,Woodland ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Ice core ,Stadial ,Sea level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Glacier ,Vegetation ,SH6_2 ,15. Life on land ,Geography ,13. Climate action ,Physical geography - Abstract
This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge about the millennial scale climate variability characterizing Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) in S-Europe and the Mediterranean area and its effects on terrestrial ecosystems. The sequence of Dansgaard-Oeschger events, as recorded by Greenland ice cores and recognizable in isotope profiles from speleothems and high-resolution palaeoecological records, led to dramatic variations in glacier extent and sea level configuration with major impacts on the physiography and vegetation patterns, both latitudinally and altitudinally. The recurrent succession of (open) woodlands, including temperate taxa, and grasslands with xerophytic elements, have been tentatively correlated to GIs in Greenland ice cores. Concerning colder phases, the Greenland Stadials (GSs) related to Heinrich events (HEs) appear to have a more pronounced effect than other GSs on woodland withdrawal and xerophytes expansion. Notably, GS 9-HE4 phase corresponds to the most severe reduction of tree cover in a number of Mediterranean records. On a long-term scale, a reduction/opening of forests throughout MIS 3 started from Greenland Interstadials (GIs) 14/13 (ca. 55–48 ka), which show a maximum in woodland density. At that time, natural environments were favourable for Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs) to migrate from Africa into Europe as documented by industries associated with modern hominin remains in the Levant. Afterwards, a variety of early Upper Palaeolithic cultures emerged (e.g., Uluzzian and Proto-Aurignacian). In this chronostratigraphic framework, attention is paid to the Campanian Ignimbrite tephra marker, as a pivotal tool for deciphering and correlating several temporal-spatial issues crucial for understanding the interaction between AMHs and Neandertals at the time of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition.
- Published
- 2019
14. Dental enamel proteins reveal the sex of the ‘Lovers of Modena’
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Lugli F, Di Rocco G, Vazzana A, Genovese F, Pinetti D, Carile MC, Silvestrini S, Gabanini G, Arrighi S, Buti L, Bortolini E, Cipriani A, Figus C, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Romandini M, Sorrentino R, Sola M, Benazzi S., and Lugli F, Di Rocco G, Vazzana A, Genovese F, Pinetti D, Carile MC, Silvestrini S, Gabanini G, Arrighi S, Buti L, Bortolini E, Cipriani A, Figus C, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Romandini M, Sorrentino R, Sola M, Benazzi S.
- Subjects
enamel proteins, sex, teeth - Published
- 2019
15. A focus on the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Mediterranean area
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Benazzi, S., Arrighi, S., Badino, F., Bortolini, E., Figus, C., Lugli, F., Marciani, G., Oxilia, G., Romandini, M., Silvestrini, S., Boscato, P., Cipriani, A., Moroni, A., Negrino, F., Peresani, M., Pini, R., Ravazzi, C., Ronchitelli, A., and Spinapolice, E.
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late mousterian ,uluzzian ,protoaurignacian ,lithic technology ,Italy ,Homo sapiens ,Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition ,cultural assemblages ,palaeoantropology ,Eurasia ,Socio-culturale ,SH6_2 ,PE10_6 ,human groups ,Neandertal ,LS8_3 - Abstract
Introduction to the Special Issue "Peopling dynamics in the Mediterranean area between 45 and 39 ky ago: state of art and new data", Quaternary International, 551, 1-6 pp. in the framework of the European Research Council, ERC CoG no. 724046 SUCCESS (awarded to S. Benazzi; website: http://www.erc-success.eu).
- Published
- 2020
16. Traces of date palm in an early third millennium BC tomb in Zukayt, ad Dākhilyyah, Sultanate of Oman
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Bortolini, E, García-Granero, J, and Madella, M
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- 2019
17. L'impatto degli Heinrich Events sugli ecosistemi terrestri: individuazione di proxies paleoecologici e sedimentologici lacustri in Nord Italia e analisi delle loro serie temporali ad alta risoluzione
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BADINO F., PINI R., BERTULETTI P., RAVAZZI C., ANDÒ S., ARRIGHI S, BORTOLINI E., DELMONTE B., FIGUS C., FURLANETTO G., LUGLI F., MARCIANI G., MARGARITORA D., MONEGATO G., OXILIA G., ROMANDINI M., SILVESTRINI S., TATEO F., VALLÈ F., VEZZOLI G., and BENAZZI S.
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ecosistemi ,Heinrich events ,paleoecologia - Abstract
Durante l'ultimo periodo glaciale le calotte dell'emisfero Nord (ed anche l'ice field alpino) si sono più volte espanse e contratte assumendo configurazioni diverse (Ivy-Ochs et al., 2008; Lambeck et al., 2010; Monegato et al., 2017) e raggiungendo la massima estensione intorno a 22 mila anni fa (Hughes et al., 2016) durante l'Ultimo Massimo Glaciale (UMG). A queste maggiori oscillazioni climatiche e glaciali, si sono sovrapposte variazioni climatiche a scala millenaria: i cicli Dansgaard-Oescheger (DO cycles). Tale instabilità climatica, i cui picchi caldi e freddi sono detti, rispettivamente, Greenland Interstadials (GIs) e Greenland Stadials (GSs), è documentata a scala globale. Alla scala dell'emisfero boreale, record paleoclimatici ad alta risoluzione mostrano un marcato raffreddamento durante i GSs a cui sono associati Heinrich events (HEs) (Guillevic et al., 2014; Darfeuil et al., 2016). Per meglio comprendere i meccanismi che regolano tale variabilità climatica e le risposte degli ecosistemi terrestri agli HEs, verrà preso in considerazione il record pollinico del lago di Fimon all'interno della cerchia dei Colli Berici (Vicenza), che documenta la storia ambientale della Pianura Veneta e del margine prealpino a partire dalla Penultima Glaciazione (Pini et al. 2010). Nuove indagini stratigrafiche, geocronologiche e polliniche ad alta risoluzione (media di 1 campione/80-120 anni), hanno evidenziato fasi di apertura forestale con espansione di ecosistemi di semideserto a sud delle Alpi durante il MIS 3. In particolare, fra circa 27 e 35 mila anni fa, dati biostratigrafici e datazioni radiocarboniche restituiscono un robusto quadro cronologico per l'intervallo che precede, documenta e segue il GS 5.1-HE3 (30,6- 28,9 mila anni fa, cronologia GICC05, Rasmussen et al., 2014). Pinete dominate da Pinus sylvestris con betulla erano diffuse fra 35-30 mila anni fa nel settore prealpino sud-orientale. Il lago di Fimon era un bacino con acque poco profonde soggetto a oscillazioni del livello lacustre fino a 25505±99 anni fa (età 14C BP, median probability: 29599 anni cal BP), quando si sviluppa una torbiera a Cyperaceae che si mantiene per circa 2500 anni. All'inizio di questa fase, con un cambio centrato a circa 29,5 mila anni fa, le foreste subiscono una brusca contrazione (percentuali polliniche della componente arborea si riducono dal 70 al 30%), accompagnata dalla riduzione del segnale degli incendi a scala locale. Si espandono praterie (Gramineae, Asteraceae, Cichorioideae) con arbusti xerici e piante erbacee di ambiente steppico (Hippophae, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Ephedra). Tale evento, di durata millenaria, può essere correlato alla fase freddo-arida dell'HE3, visibile in altri record pollinici continui in Nord Italia (Azzano decimo; Pini et al., 2009) e area mediterranea (Lago Grande di Monticchio, Tenaghi Philippon; Wulf et al., 2018). La fase successiva: interstadiali GI 4 e GI 3 (rispettivamente 28,9 e 27,78 mila anni fa, cronologia GICC05, Rasmussen et al., 2014), è caratterizzata da una nuova espansione di pinete con larice, betulla e ginepro, e dall'intensificazione di incendi a scala locale.
- Published
- 2019
18. The most recent Neandertal remains in Italy
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Oxilia G, Romandini M, Arrighi S, Badino F, Bortolini E, Figus C, Lugli F, Marciani G, Menghi Sartorio JC, Silvestrini S, Panetta D, Piperno M, Talamo S, Peresani M, Collina C, and Benazzi S.
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XXX - Abstract
Archaeological information and paleoanthropological analysis align both teeth to Neanderthal. These results point out that the Broion and Roccia San Sebastiano teeth represent, along with the deciduous tooth Cavallo D (from the final Mousterian deposit of Grotta del Cavallo) [5], the most recent Neanderthal remains in Italy currently known.
- Published
- 2019
19. Elemental imaging of human teeth by laser ablation ICP-TOF-MS: fast acquisition and high-resolution
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Lugli F, Nava A, Rittner M, Arrighi S, Badino F, Bortolini E, Figus C, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Romandini M, Silvestrini S, Cipriani A, Muller W, Bondioli L, and Benazzi S.
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stomatognathic diseases ,stomatognathic system ,XXX - Abstract
We obtained high-resolution elemental maps (pixel size ranging between 10 and 20 ?m) of the dental crown. - The two Roman teeth showed clear Pb variation through the crown, highly correlated with enamel growth trajectories, likely linked to lead environmental exposure during the individual's lifetime. - Individual SCR313: Pb peak at ~410 days, visible in both dentine and enamel. - Individual SCR249: low pre-natal Pb levels, that increase post-natally; a Pb peak coincides with the neonatal line. - We identified several areas in both enamel and dentine affected by post-depositional processes.
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- 2019
20. Restaging Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before Additional Treatment Decisions: A Multicenter Cohort Study
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Vitale, A, Farinati, F, Noaro, G, Burra, P, Pawlik, Tm, Bucci, L, Giannini, Eg, Faggiano, C, Ciccarese, F, Rapaccini, Gl, Di Marco, M, Caturelli, E, Zoli, M, Borzio, F, Sacco, R, Cabibbo, G, Virdone, R, Marra, F, Felder, M, Morisco, F, Benvegnù, L, Gasbarrini, A, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Foschi, Fg, Olivani, A, Masotto, A, Nardone, G, Colecchia, A, Fornari, F, Marignani, M, Vicari, S, Bortolini, E, Cozzolongo, R, Grasso, A, Aliberti, C, Bernardi, M, Frigo, Ac, Borzio, M, Trevisani, F, Cillo, U, CA) group, Italian Liver Cancer (ITA. LI., Vitale, Alessandro, Farinati, Fabio, Noaro, Giulia, Burra, Patrizia, Pawlik, Timothy M., Bucci, Laura, Giannini, Edoardo G., Faggiano, Chiara, Ciccarese, Francesca, Rapaccini, Gian Lodovico, Di Marco, Maria, Caturelli, Eugenio, Zoli, Marco, Borzio, Franco, Sacco, Rodolfo, Cabibbo, Giuseppe, Virdone, Roberto, Marra, Fabio, Felder, Martina, Morisco, Filomena, Benvegnù, Luisa, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Svegliati-Baroni, Gianluca, Foschi, Francesco Giuseppe, Olivani, Andrea, Masotto, Alberto, Nardone, Gerardo, Colecchia, Antonio, Fornari, Fabio, Marignani, Massimo, Vicari, Susanna, Bortolini, Emanuela, Cozzolongo, Raffaele, Grasso, Alessandro, Aliberti, Camillo, Bernardi, Mauro, Frigo, Anna Chiara, Borzio, Mauro, Trevisani, Franco, and Cillo, Umberto
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Male ,Oncology ,Databases, Factual ,Liver cancer ,non surgical therapy ,prognostic system ,surgical therapy ,survival ,hepatocellular carcinoma, stage, treatment ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Cohort Studies ,Liver disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,Middle Aged ,Sorafenib ,Prognosis ,Italy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Catheter Ablation ,Disease Progression ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,medicine.drug ,Cohort study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Settore MED/12 - GASTROENTEROLOGIA ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Risk Assessment ,Disease-Free Survival ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Hepatectomy ,Humans ,Infusions, Intra-Arterial ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Retrospective Studies ,Analysis of Variance ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Cancer ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,business ,Progressive disease - Abstract
Prognostic assessment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the time of diagnosis remains controversial and becomes even more complex at the time of restaging when new variables need to be considered. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of restaging patients before proceeding with additional therapies for HCC. Two independent Italian prospective databases were used to identify 1,196 (training cohort) and 648 (validation cohort) consecutive patients with HCC treated over the same study period (2008-2015) who had complete restaging before decisions about additional therapies. The performance of the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) prognostic score at restaging was compared with that of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, Hong Kong Liver Cancer, and Cancer of the Liver Italian Program systems. A multivariable Cox survival analysis was performed to identify baseline, restaging, or dynamic variables that were able to improve the predictive performance of the prognostic systems. At restaging, 35.3% of patients maintained stable disease; most patients were either down-staged by treatment (27.2%) or had disease progression (37.5%). The ITA.LI.CA scoring system at restaging demonstrated the best prognostic performance in both the training and validation cohorts (c-index 0.707 and 0.722, respectively) among all systems examined. On multivariable analysis, several variables improved the prognostic ability of the ITA.LI.CA score at restaging, including progressive disease after the first treatment, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease at restaging, and choice of nonsurgical treatment as additional therapy. A new ITA.LI.CA restaging model was created that demonstrated high discriminative power in both the training and validation cohorts (c-index 0.753 and 0.745, respectively). Conclusion: Although the ITA.LI.CA score demonstrated the best prognostic performance at restaging, other variables should be considered to improve the prognostic assessment of patients at the time of deciding additional therapies for HCC.
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- 2018
21. Ornamental deer teeth in Upper Palaeolithic north-eastern Italy: a comparison of Aurignacian and Gravettian processing techniques
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Romandini M, Arrighi S, Badino F, Bortolini E, Boschin F, Figus C, Fiorini A, Lugli F, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Peresani M, and Benazzi S.
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teeth ornamental objects ,north-eastern Italy ,Upper Paleolithic ,Cervus elaphus - Abstract
During the Upper Palaeolithic animal teeth were consistently used by Anatomically Modern Humans as ornamental and symbolic objects used to facilitate individual and group-level interaction. Two key Northeastern Italian sites, "Grotta di Fumane" (VR) and "Grotta del Broion" (VI) show that Cervus elaphus teeth were often used for this purpose. While Grotta di Fumane yielded evidence of red deer incisors with groovings on the root, Grotta del Broion testifies to the use of deer canines and a completely different techonological approach based on preparatory scraping and perforation by rotation. An in-detail description of these processes thanks to stereomicroscope and 3D digital microscope allowed us to uncover a pattern of regional variabiliy in tooth choice and alteration practices that may be linked to the adaptive strategies of Aurignacian and Gravettian hunter-gatherers of Northern Italy as well as to the emergence of a symbolic behaviour which is deeply rooteed in human culture.
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- 2018
22. The earliest migration of Homo sapiens in southern Europe: an ERC grant to understand the biocultural processes that define our uniqueness
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Benazzi S, Bortolini E, Arrighi S, Aureli D, Badino F, Figus C, Romandini M, Boscato P, Cipriani A, Feeney R, Moroni A, Negrino F, Peresani M, Pini R, Ravazzi C, Ryan TM, Spinapolice EE, and Ronchitelli A.
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Italy ,Mousterian ,Uluzzian ,Modern human ,Neandertal - Published
- 2018
23. Shared language, diverging genetic histories: high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variability in Calabrian and Sicilian Arbereshe
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Sarno, S, Tofanelli, S, De Fanti, S, Quagliariello, A, Bortolini, E, Ferri, G, Anagnostou, P, BRISIGHELLI, FRANCESCA, Capelli, C, Tagarelli, G, Sineo, L, Luiselli, D, Boattini, A, Pettener, D, Sarno, S, Tofanelli, S, De Fanti, S, Quagliariello, A, Bortolini, E, Ferri, G, Anagnostou, P, BRISIGHELLI, FRANCESCA, Capelli, C, Tagarelli, G, Sineo, L, Luiselli, D, Boattini, A, and Pettener, D
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- 2015
24. Diagnosi e trattamento delle atrofie mascellari: procedure cliniche e di laboratorio
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Malchiodi, Luciano, Bortolini, E., and Quaranta, M.
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mascellare ,trattamento ,atrofie ,atrofia ,diagnosi - Published
- 1996
25. Market Trends and Comparative Study of Economic and Technological Parameters of APM Systems
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Todt, E., primary, Leão, A. Gehlen de, additional, Lindau, L. A., additional, Bortolini, E., additional, and Pereira, B. M., additional
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- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Screening of deletions in the dystrophin gene with the cDNA probes Cf23a, Cf56a, and Cf115.
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Passos-Bueno, M R, primary, Rapaport, D, additional, Love, D, additional, Flint, T, additional, Bortolini, E R, additional, Zatz, M, additional, and Davies, K E, additional
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- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Traces of date palm in an early third-millennium BC Tomb in Zukayt, al-Dākhiliyyah, Sultanate of Oman (poster)
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Bortolini, E., García-Granero, J. J., Madella, M., Buffington, A. F., Michael Harrower, Mccorriston, J., and Oches, E. A.
28. Vascular access for hemodialysis: An experience report
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Centofanti, G., Fujii, E. Y., Rafael Cavalcante, Bortolini, E., Abreu, L. C., Valenti, V. E., Pires, A. C., Junior, H. M., Yamazaki, Y. R., Audi, S. G., Cisternas, J. R., Breda, J. R., Pereira, V. X., Fujiki, E. N., and Correa, J. A.
29. How Cultural Transmission Through Objects Impacts Inferences About Cultural Evolution
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Mark Lake, Enrico Ryunosuke Crema, EUGENIO BORTOLINI, Crema, ER [0000-0001-6727-5138], Bortolini, E [0000-0001-6751-5680], Lake, M [0000-0002-8347-0694], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Crema, ER, Bortolini, E, and Lake, M
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Archeology ,Encoding ,Cultural evolution ,Frequency data ,Object-mediated transmission ,decoding error ,Cultural attraction theory ,Cultural transmission ,Neutral evolution - Abstract
The cross-fertilisation between biological and cultural evolution has led to an extensive borrowing of key concepts, theories, and statistical methods for studying temporal variation in the frequency of cultural variants. Archaeologists have been among the front-runners of those engaging with this endeavour, and the last 2 decades have seen a number of case studies where modes of social learning were inferred from the changing frequencies of artefacts. Here, we employ a simulation model to review and examine under-discussed assumptions shared by many of these applications on the nature of what constitutes the ‘population’ under study. We specifically ask (1) whether cultural transmission via ‘objects’ (i.e. public manifestations of cultural traits) generates distinct patterns from those expected from direct transmission between individuals and (2) whether basing inference on the frequency of objects rather than on the frequency of mental representations underlying the production of those objects may lead to biased interpretations. Our results show that the rate at which ideational cultural traits are embedded in objects, and shared as such, has a measurable impact on how we infer cultural transmission processes when analysing frequency-based archaeological data. At the same time, when cultural transmission is entirely mediated by the material representation of ideas, we argue that copying error should be interpreted as a two-step process which may occur in either one or both of embedding information in objects and retrieving it from them.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Direct evidence that late Neanderthal occupation precedes a technological shift in southwestern Italy
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Gregorio Oxilia, Eugenio Bortolini, Giulia Marciani, Jessica Cristina Menghi Sartorio, Antonino Vazzana, Matteo Bettuzzi, Daniele Panetta, Simona Arrighi, Federica Badino, Carla Figus, Federico Lugli, Matteo Romandini, Sara Silvestrini, Rita Sorrentino, Adriana Moroni, Carlo Donadio, Maria Pia Morigi, Viviane Slon, Marcello Piperno, Sahra Talamo, Carmine Collina, Stefano Benazzi, Comune di Mondragone, Museo Civico Archeologico Biagio Greco, Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Caserta e Benevento, European Research Council, Max Planck Society, Università di Bologna, Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Salerno e Avellino, Oxilia, G., Bortolini, E., Marciani, G., Menghi Sartorio, J. C., Vazzana, A., Bettuzzi, M., Panetta, D., Arrighi, S., Badino, F., Figus, C., Lugli, F., Romandini, M., Silvestrini, S., Sorrentino, R., Moroni, A., Donadio, C., Morigi, M. P., Slon, V., Piperno, M., Talamo, S., Collina, C., Benazzi, S., Oxilia, G, Bortolini, E, Marciani, G, Sartorio, JCM, Vazzana, A, Bettuzzi, M, Panetta, D, Arrighi, S, Badino, F, Figus, C, Lugli, F, Romandini, M, Silvestrini, S, Sorrentino, R, Moroni, A, Donadio, C, Morigi, MP, Slon, V, Piperno, M, Talamo, S, Collina, C, Benazzi, S, Municipality of Mondragone, and Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio di Salerno e Avellino, Benevento e Caserta
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deciduous human molars, Mediterranean Europe, Neanderthal, supervised learning algorithms, Uluzzian, virtual analysis ,Uluzzian ,deciduous human molars ,Mediterranean Europe ,Neanderthal ,supervised learning algorithms ,virtual analysis ,deciduous human molar ,supervised learning algorithm ,Southwestern Italy ,Technological shift ,Late Neanderthal occupation - Abstract
[Objectives] During the middle-to-upper Paleolithic transition (50,000 and 40,000¿years ago), interaction between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens varied across Europe. In southern Italy, the association between Homo sapiens fossils and non-Mousterian material culture, as well as the mode and tempo of Neanderthal demise, are still vividly debated. In this research, we focus on the study of two human teeth by using 3D geometric morphometric approaches for a reliable taxonomical attribution as well as obtaining new radiometric dates on the archeological sequence., [Material and Methods] This work presents two lower deciduous molars uncovered at Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone-Caserta, Italy), stratigraphically associated with Mousterian (RSS1) and Uluzzian (RSS2) artifacts. To obtain a probabilistic attribution of the two RSS teeth to each reference taxa group composed of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, we performed and compared the performance of three supervised learning algorithms (flexible discriminant analysis, multiadaptive regression splines, and random forest) on both crown and cervical outlines obtained by virtual morphometric methods. [Discussion] This site yields the most recent direct evidence for a Neanderthal presence in southern Italy and confirms a later shift to upper Paleolithic technology in southwestern Italy compared to the earliest Uluzzian evidence at Grotta del Cavallo (Puglia, Italy)., The authors are very grateful to the Municipality of Mondragone for supporting and funding the excavations. We also thank the Museo Civico Archeologico Biagio Greco, Mondragone, Caserta, Italy which provided funding, logistic support and welcomed the researcher since 1999 as well as an acknowledgement to the Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio di Salerno e Avellino, Benevento e Caserta. V.S. acknowledges funding from the Alon Fellowship. This study received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 724046 – SUCCESS, http://www.erc-success.eu); the radiocarbon dating was supported by the ERC-RESOLUTION grant agreement No 803147, https://site.unibo.it/resolution-erc/en);); the DNA analysis was funded by the European Research Council (grant agreement number 694707 to Svante Pääbo) and the Max Planck Society. We thank E. Essel, S. Nagel, B. Nickel, J. Richter, B. Schellbach and A. Weihmann for work in the ancient DNA lab; and M. Meyer and S. Pääbo for their input. Open Access Funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Bologna within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
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- 2022
31. The surname structure of Trentino (Italy) and its relationship with dialects and genes
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Eugenio Bortolini, Davide Pettener, Roland Bauer, Rossella Miglio, Alessio Boattini, Marta Ottone, Paola Gueresi, Boattini A., Bortolini E., Bauer R., Ottone M., Miglio R., Gueresi P., and Pettener D.
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coinheritance ,Aging ,Physiology ,Epidemiology ,Culture ,Population ,Context (language use) ,Genetics ,Humans ,Names ,Genetic variability ,education ,Sociocultural evolution ,Y-chromosome ,Gene ,Language ,Dialectometry ,education.field_of_study ,Genetic diversity ,Local scale ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Genetic Variation ,DNA ,Gene-culture coevolution ,surname ,Geography ,Italy ,Evolutionary biology ,dialectometry ,Human - Abstract
Background: Thanks to the availability of rich surname, linguistic and genetic information, together with its geographic and cultural complexity, Trentino (North-Eastern Italy) is an ideal place to test the relationships between genetic and cultural traits. Aim: We provide a comprehensive study of population structures based on surname and dialect variability and evaluate their relationships with genetic diversity in Trentino. Subjects and methods: Surname data were collected for 363 parishes, linguistic data for 57 dialects and genetic data for different sets of molecular markers (Y-chromosome, mtDNA, autosomal) in 10 populations. Analyses relied on different multivariate methods and correlation tests. Results: Besides the expected isolation-by-distance-like patterns (with few local exceptions, likely related to sociocultural instances), we detected a significant and geography-independent association between dialects and surnames. As for molecular markers, only Y-chromosomal STRs seem to be associated with the dialects, although no significant result was obtained. No evidence for correlation between molecular markers and surnames was observed. Conclusion: Surnames act as cultural markers as do other words, although in this context they cannot be used as reliable proxies for genetic variability at a local scale.
- Published
- 2021
32. Quantitative Analysis of Drought Management Strategies across Ethnographically-Researched African Societies: A Pilot Study
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Stefano Biagetti, Eugenio Bortolini, Marco Madella, Débora Zurro, Jonas Alcaina-Mateos, Biagetti, S., Zurro Hernández, Débora, Alcaina-Mateos, Jonas, Bortolini, Eugenio, Madella, Marco, Biagetti, S, Zurro, D, Alcaina-Mateos, J, Bortolini, E, Madella, M, Biagetti, S. [0000-0003-0936-3070], Zurro Hernández, Débora [0000-0003-2498-9338], Alcaina-Mateos, Jonas [0000-0003-2578-1993], Bortolini, Eugenio [0000-0001-6751-5680], and Madella, Marco [0000-0002-9324-1545]
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Adaptive strategies ,databases ,cross-cultural studie ,Distribution (economics) ,drought ,Ethnoarchaeology ,Databases ,Cross-cultural ,quantitative approach ,Quantitative approach ,Cultural transmission in animals ,Environmental planning ,database ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Global and Planetary Change ,Drought ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Subsistence agriculture ,Agriculture ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Geography ,Quantitative analysis (finance) ,Africa ,ethnoarchaeology ,Cross-cultural Studies ,cross-cultural studies ,business - Abstract
In this paper, we present a pilot study aimed at investigating the impact of subsistence strategies and environmental pressure on the distribution of ethnographically documented strategies to cope with drought and its effects across 35 current societies in Africa. We use freely accessible ethnographic databases to retrieve data on how a number of African societies deal with the circumstances of drought, and ascertain the impact of geography on their distribution in order to measure possible relationships between them, a set of subsistence choices, and proxies of environmental constraints. We use Canonical Correspondence Analysis to explore the emerging patterns and find that subsistence strategy strongly impacts the choice of drought management strategies, especially if considered with a proxy of local environmental condition. Spatial proximity and aridity per se have only marginal impact, highlighting other relevant processes of cultural transmission that at least partly transcend (a) the intensity of human interaction over geographic gradients and (b) local adaptation primarily dependent on water availability. This study supports the wide applicability of quantitative and replicable methods to cross-cultural evidence on a variety of adaptive strategies and uses ethnographic data to propose new hypotheses that can inform future archaeological research by showing recurrent and non-case-specific choices highlighting resilient practices and adaptive behaviour in Africa., This research and this publication were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project CULM–Modelling plant cultivation in prehistory HAR2016-77672-P, PI Debora Zurro) and by the quality research group of the Generalitat de Catalunya (CaSEs–2017 SGR 212). SB is supported by RAINDROPS, (ERC-Stg-2017, grant agreement no. 759800, PI Carla Lancelotti).
- Published
- 2021
33. Exploring directional and fluctuating asymmetry in the human palate during growth
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Andrea Papini, Rita Sorrentino, Stefano Benazzi, Jacopo Moggi Cecchi, Sara Silvestrini, Carla Figus, Luca Fiorenza, Jessica C. Menghi Sartorio, Gregorio Oxilia, Giulia Zampirolo, Alessandro Riga, Giulia Marciani, Eugenio Bortolini, Marco Boggioni, Ottmar Kullmer, Tommaso Mori, Filippo Marciani, Sergio Martini, Matteo Romandini, Melchiore Giganti, Rachel Sarig, Maria Giovanna Belcastro, Simona Arrighi, Maria Elena Pedrosi, Oxilia G., Menghi Sartorio J.C., Bortolini E., Zampirolo G., Papini A., Boggioni M., Martini S., Marciani F., Arrighi S., Figus C., Marciani G., Romandini M., Silvestrini S., Pedrosi M.E., Mori T., Riga A., Kullmer O., Sarig R., Fiorenza L., Giganti M., Sorrentino R., Belcastro M.G., Cecchi J.M., and Benazzi S.
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0106 biological sciences ,Male ,GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS ,MORPHOLOGICAL INTEGRATION ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Entire palatal surface ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Asymmetry ,Fluctuating asymmetry ,NO ,HEAD POSTURE ,CLASS-I ,DECIDUOUS DENTITION ,Humans ,0601 history and archaeology ,10. No inequality ,Group level ,Research Articles ,media_common ,060101 anthropology ,NONNUTRITIVE SUCKING HABITS ,Palate ,fluctuating asymmetry ,06 humanities and the arts ,Surgical procedures ,Entire palate ,Masticatory force ,BILATERAL SYMMETRY ,directional asymmetry, fluctuating asymmetry, ontogeny, palatal arch ,Dominance (ethology) ,CERVICAL POSTURE ,ontogeny ,Evolutionary biology ,Anthropology ,Child, Preschool ,DENTAL ARCH ASYMMETRY ,Female ,Anatomy ,palatal arch ,DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY ,directional asymmetry ,Research Article - Abstract
Objectives Palate morphology is constantly changing throughout an individual's lifespan, yet its asymmetry during growth is still little understood. In this research, we focus on the study of palate morphology by using 3D geometric morphometric approaches to observe changes at different stages of life, and to quantify the impact of directional and fluctuating asymmetry on different areas at different growth stages. Materials and Methods The sample consists of 183 individuals (1–72 years) from two identified human skeletal collections of 19th and early 20th Century Italian contexts. A 3D‐template of 41 (semi)landmarks was applied on digital palate models to observe morphological variation during growth. Results Asymmetrical components of the morphological structure appears multidirectional on the entire palate surface in individuals, Directional and fluctuating asymmetry of human palate.
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- 2021
34. A quantitative approach to the study of Neolithic projectile points from south‐eastern Arabia
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Maria Pia Maiorano, Vincent Charpentier, Eugenio Bortolini, Rémy Crassard, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Centre Français d'Archéologie et de Sciences Sociales de Sanaa (CEFAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, University of Naples Federico II, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bologna, Maiorano M.P., Crassard R., Charpentier V., and Bortolini E.
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010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,060102 archaeology ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,General Arts and Humanities ,Projectile point ,06 humanities and the arts ,attribute analysi ,quantitative method ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,projectile points ,Geography ,south‐eastern Arabia ,projectile point ,south-eastern Arabia ,attribute analysis ,quantitative methods ,0601 history and archaeology ,Neolithic ,South eastern ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
International audience; Lithic projectile points always had an important diagnostic value for documenting the development and expansion of Arabian Neolithic material culture (c. eighth–fourth millennium BC) and subsistence strategies due to the remarkable abundance of surface assemblages. Given the limitations of traditional arrowhead typology for analysing the increasing variability emerging from archaeological research in the region, we propose here a new systematic description of Neolithic projectile points, based on the consistent observation of technological and morphological change over time and space in a number of diagnostic parameters. A quantitative exploration of variation is carried out on both published and unpublished data through a number of pattern‐recognition techniques and exploratory analyses such as principal component and cluster analysis. By presenting the first application of this approach to Arabian Neolithic projectile points, the research offers a valid tool for investigating temporal and cultural trends through different phases of the Neolithic in the region of interest.
- Published
- 2020
35. Exploring late Paleolithic and Mesolithic diet in the Eastern Alpine region of Italy through multiple proxies
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Luca Fiorenza, Claudio Tuniz, Sara Silvestrini, Federica Fontana, Marco Peresani, Valentina Gazzoni, Gregorio Oxilia, Jessica C. Menghi Sartorio, Giulia Marciani, Anita Radini, Matteo Romandini, Ursula Thun Hohenstein, Eugenio Bortolini, Gabriele Terlato, Stefano Benazzi, Sahra Talamo, Jacopo Moggi Cecchi, Federico Lugli, Emanuela Cristiani, Ottmar Kullmer, Federica Badino, Federico Bernardini, Oxilia G., Bortolini E., Badino F., Bernardini F., Gazzoni V., Lugli F., Romandini M., Radini A., Terlato G., Marciani G., Silvestrini S., Menghi Sartorio J.C., Thun Hohenstein U., Fiorenza L., Kullmer O., Tuniz C., Moggi Cecchi J., Talamo S., Fontana F., Peresani M., Benazzi S., and Cristiani E.
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0106 biological sciences ,Settore L-ANT/01 - Preistoria e Protostoria ,dental calculu ,Pleistocene ,Socio-culturale ,stable isotopes ,Settore BIO/08 - Antropologia ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Prehistory ,Late Paleolithic ,palaeonutrition ,dental calculus ,Eastern Alpine region ,macrowear ,Mesolithic ,Animals ,Humans ,0601 history and archaeology ,LS8_5 ,Holocene ,History, Ancient ,Research Articles ,Neanderthals ,Carbon Isotopes ,060101 anthropology ,Stable isotope ratio ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,06 humanities and the arts ,SH6_2 ,Feeding Behavior ,Molar ,Diet ,stomatognathic diseases ,Geography ,Italy ,Anthropology ,Dental calculus, Eastern Alpine region, Late Paleolithic, macrowear, Mesolithic, palaeonutrition, stable isotopes ,Tooth Wear ,Anatomy ,Research Article - Abstract
Objectives The analysis of prehistoric human dietary habits is key for understanding the effects of paleoenvironmental changes on the evolution of cultural and social human behaviors. In this study, we compare results from zooarchaeological, stable isotope and dental calculus analyses as well as lower second molar macrowear patterns to gain a broader understanding of the diet of three individuals who lived between the end of the Late Pleistocene and the Early Holocene (ca., 17–8 ky cal BP) in the Eastern Alpine region of Italy. Materials and methods We analyze individuals buried at the sites of Riparo Tagliente (Verona), Riparo Villabruna, and Mondeval de Sora (Belluno). The three burials provide a unique dataset for diachronically exploring the influence of climatic changes on human subsistence strategies. Results Isotopic results indicate that all individuals likely relied on both terrestrial and freshwater animal proteins. Even though dental calculus analysis was, in part, hindered by the amount of mineral deposit available on the teeth, tooth macrowear study suggests that the dietary habits of the individuals included plant foods. Moreover, differences in macrowear patterns of lower second molars have been documented between Neanderthals and modern humans in the present sample, due to a prevalence of Buccal wear among the former as opposed to higher values of Lingual wear in modern human teeth. Discussion Isotopic analyses have emphasized the contribution of animal proteins in the diet of the three foragers from the Eastern Alpine region. The possible intake of carbohydrate-rich plant foods, suggested by the retrieval of plant remains in dental calculus, is supported by the signal of macrowear analysis. Moreover, the latter method indicates that the distribution of macrowear in lower second molars (M2s) allows us to discriminate between Neanderthals and modern humans within the present reference sample. Overall, our results show these three prehistoric hunter-gatherers were well adapted to the environment in which they lived exploiting many natural resources.
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- 2020
36. Sex-related morbidity and mortality in non-adult individuals from the Early Medieval site of Valdaro (Italy). The contribution of dental enamel peptide analysis
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Eugenio Bortolini, Luca Bondioli, Stefano Benazzi, Carla Figus, Federico Lugli, Valentina Costa, Alessia Nava, Sara Conti, Beatrice Peripoli, Leonardo Lamanna, Sara Silvestrini, Alessandra Sperduti, Lugli F., Figus C., Silvestrini S., Costa V., Bortolini E., Conti S., Peripoli B., Nava A., Sperduti A., Lamanna L., Bondioli L., and Benazzi S.
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Peptide analysis ,Archeology ,Physiology ,Context (language use) ,Biology ,Lesion ,proteomics ,stomatognathic system ,medicine ,0601 history and archaeology ,LC-MS/MS ,Non-adult ,AMELX ,amelogenin ,non-adults ,sex estimation ,tooth enamel ,060101 anthropology ,060102 archaeology ,Enamel paint ,Osteology ,Proteomic ,06 humanities and the arts ,Tooth enamel ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Amelogenin ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
In this work, osteological and paleopathological analyses are combined with liquid-chromatography mass\ud spectrometry to study life and death of 30 non-adult individuals from an Early Medieval Italian funerary context\ud (Valdaro, 7th-8th cent. AD). We estimated individual sex by exploiting sexual differences in enamel-bounded\ud peptides. Enamel proteins were extracted through an acid etching of the whole tooth crowns for 4 samples\ud and through a partial digestion of small enamel chunks for the remaining 26 samples. Both protocols were\ud informative on the sex of the individuals through the identification of amelogenin isoforms (AMELX and\ud AMELY). In addition, low-mineralized tooth germs were analysed and they provided reliable information on the\ud infants’ sex. We observed the presence of 13 males and 17 females among the non-adults of Valdaro, not\ud significantly different from a random sample with an equal frequency of males and females. Cribra cranii and\ud endocranial lesion occurrence showed an association with sex, with higher frequencies in male individuals.
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- 2020
37. Refining the Uluzzian through a new lithic assemblage from Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone, southern Italy)
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Carlo Donadio, Carmine Collina, Giulia Marciani, L Repola, Carla Figus, Gregorio Oxilia, Sara Silvestrini, Federico Lugli, Matteo Romandini, Ivan Martini, Simona Arrighi, Eugenio Bortolini, Marcello Piperno, Federica Badino, Stefano Benazzi, Collina, Carmine, Marciani, Giulia, Martini, Ivan, Donadio, Carlo, Repola, Leopoldo, Bortolini, Eugenio, Arrighi, Simona, Badino, Federica, Figus, Carla, Lugli, Federico, Oxilia, Gregorio, Romandini, Matteo, Silvestrini, Sara, Piperno, Marcello, Benazzi, Stefano, Collina, C., Marciani, G., Martini, I., Donadio, C., Repola, L., Bortolini, E., Arrighi, S., Badino, F., Sigus, C., Lugli, F., Oxilia, G., Romandini, M., Silvestrini, S., Piperno, M., and Benazzi, S.
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010506 paleontology ,Pleistocene ,Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition ,Uluzzian, Lithic technology, Bipolar technique, Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition, Italy, Geoarchaeology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Natural (archaeology) ,Cave ,Bipolar technique ,Assemblage (archaeology) ,Sequence stratigraphy ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,Uluzzian Lithic technology Bipolar technique Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition Italy Geoarchaeology ,Geoarchaeology ,Lithic technology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) ,Mousterian ,Uluzzian ,Archaeology ,Debitage ,Italy ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Aurignacian ,Geology - Abstract
Roccia San Sebastiano is a tectonic-karstic cave located at the foot of the southern slope of Mt. Massico, in the territory of Mondragone (Caserta) in Campania (southern Italy). Systematic excavation has been carried out since 2001, leading to the partial exploration of an important Pleistocene deposit, extraordinarily rich in lithic and faunal remains. The aim of this paper is to (1) present the stratigraphic sequence of Roccia San Sebastiano, and (2) technologically describe the lithic materials of squares F14 t18, t19, t20; E16 t16, t17, t18 recently recognised as Uluzzian. The stratigraphic sequence is more than 3 m thick and dates from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic. It contains different techno-complexes: Gravettian, Aurignacian, Uluzzian and Mousterian. In the Uluzzian lithic assemblage mostly local pebbles of chert were used in order to produce small-sized objects. The concept of debitage mainly deals with unidirectional debitage with absent or fairly accurate management of the convexities and angles; the striking platforms are usually natural or made by one stroke. It is attested the use of both direct freehand percussion and bipolar technique on anvil in the same reduction sequence. Amongst the retouched tools the presence of two lunates is of note. This study of the Roccia San Sebastiano Uluzzian lithic complexes is significant for understanding the dynamics of the transition from Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in the Tyrrhenian margin of southern Italy.
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- 2020
38. Morphometric analysis of the hominin talus: Evolutionary and functional implications
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M. Giovanna Belcastro, Tea Jashashvili, Kristian J. Carlson, Stefano Benazzi, Caterina Minghetti, Kevin Turley, Francesco Feletti, Stephen R. Frost, Eugenio Bortolini, Rita Sorrentino, Stephen Wroe, Luca Fiorenza, Timothy M. Ryan, Colin N. Shaw, William C. H. Parr, Anne Su, Sorrentino R., Carlson K.J., Bortolini E., Minghetti C., Feletti F., Fiorenza L., Frost S., Jashashvili T., Parr W., Shaw C., Su A., Turley K., Wroe S., Ryan T.M., Belcastro M.G., and Benazzi S.
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Male ,010506 paleontology ,Facet (geometry) ,Pan troglodytes ,01 natural sciences ,Talus ,Animals ,Humans ,0601 history and archaeology ,Bipedalism ,Australopithecus africanus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Neanderthals ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Australopithecus sediba ,Gorilla gorilla ,060101 anthropology ,Functional morphology ,biology ,Fossils ,Hominin evolution ,Hominidae ,06 humanities and the arts ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,Homininae ,Australopithecus ,Human evolution ,Evolutionary biology ,Anthropology ,Female ,Talar ,Australopithecus afarensis ,Locomotion - Abstract
The adoption of bipedalism is a key benchmark in human evolution that has impacted talar morphology. Here, we investigate talar morphological variability in extinct and extant hominins using a 3D geometric morphometric approach. The evolutionary timing and appearance of modern human-like features and their contributions to bipedal locomotion were evaluated on the talus as a whole, each articular facet separately, and multiple combinations of facets. Distinctive suites of features are consistently present in all fossil hominins, despite the presence of substantial interspecific variation, suggesting a potential connection of these suites to bipedal gait. A modern human-like condition evolved in navicular and lateral malleolar facets early in the hominin lineage compared with other facets, which demonstrate more complex morphological variation within Homininae. Interestingly, navicular facet morphology of Australopithecus afarensis is derived in the direction of Homo, whereas more recent hominin species such as Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus sediba retain more primitive states in this facet. Combining the navicular facet with the trochlea and the posterior calcaneal facet as a functional suite, however, distinguishes Australopithecus from Homo in that the medial longitudinal arch had not fully developed in the former. Our results suggest that a more everted foot and stiffer medial midtarsal region are adaptations that coincide with the emergence of bipedalism, whereas a high medial longitudinal arch emerges later in time, within Homo. This study provides novel insights into the emergence of talar morphological traits linked to bipedalism and its transition from a facultative to an obligate condition.
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- 2020
39. Unique foot posture in Neanderthals reflects their body mass and high mechanical stress
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Annamaria Ronchitelli, Kristian J. Carlson, Maria Pia Morigi, Giulia Capecchi, Maria Giovanna Belcastro, Nicholas B. Stephens, Carla Figus, Francesco Boschin, Timothy M. Ryan, Eugenio Bortolini, Francesco Feletti, Stefano Benazzi, Rita Sorrentino, Jay T. Stock, Hila May, Stefano Ricci, Matteo Bettuzzi, Federica Badino, Damiano Marchi, Jaap P. P. Saers, Lily J. D. DeMars, William C. H. Parr, Tiziana Guarnieri, Sorrentino R., Stephens N.B., Marchi D., DeMars L.J.D., Figus C., Bortolini E., Badino F., Saers J.P.P., Bettuzzi M., Boschin F., Capecchi G., Feletti F., Guarnieri T., May H., Morigi M.P., Parr W., Ricci S., Ronchitelli A., Stock J.T., Carlson K.J., Ryan T.M., Belcastro M.G., and Benazzi S.
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Neanderthal ,Middle Paleolithic ,Posture ,Biomechanic ,Footwear ,Biomechanics ,Functional morphology ,Talus ,Tarsal ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bone volume fraction ,biology.animal ,Subtalar joint ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,0601 history and archaeology ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Neanderthals ,030304 developmental biology ,Foot (prosody) ,0303 health sciences ,060101 anthropology ,biology ,Fossils ,Talu ,06 humanities and the arts ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Phylogenesis ,Homo sapiens ,Evolutionary biology ,Anthropology ,Upper Paleolithic ,Stress, Mechanical - Abstract
Neanderthal foot bone proportions and morphology are mostly indistinguishable from those of Homo sapiens, with the exception of several distinct Neanderthal features in the talus. The biomechanical implications of these distinct talar features remain contentious, fueling debate around the adaptive meaning of this distinctiveness. With the aim of clarifying this controversy, we test phylogenetic and behavioral factors as possible contributors, comparing tali of 10 Neanderthals and 81 H. sapiens (Upper Paleolithic and Holocene hunter-gatherers, agriculturalists, and postindustrial group) along with the Clark Howell talus (Omo, Ethiopia). Variation in external talar structures was assessed through geometric morphometric methods, while bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy were quantified in a subsample (n = 45). Finally, covariation between point clouds of site-specific trabecular variables and surface landmark coordinates was assessed. Our results show that although Neanderthal talar external and internal morphologies were distinct from those of H. sapiens groups, shape did not significantly covary with either bone volume fraction or degree of anisotropy, suggesting limited covariation between external and internal talar structures. Neanderthal external talar morphology reflects ancestral retentions, along with various adaptations to high levels of mobility correlated to their presumably unshod hunter-gatherer lifestyle. This pairs with their high site-specific trabecular bone volume fraction and anisotropy, suggesting intense and consistently oriented locomotor loading, respectively. Relative to H.sapiens, Neanderthals exhibit differences in the talocrural joint that are potentially attributable to cultural and locomotor behavior dissimilarity, a talonavicular joint that mixes ancestral and functional traits, and a derived subtalar joint that suggests a predisposition for a pronated foot during stance phase. Overall, Neanderthal talar variation is attributable to mobility strategy and phylogenesis, while H. sapiens talar variation results from the same factors plus footwear. Our results suggest that greater Neanderthal body mass and/or higher mechanical stress uniquely led to their habitually pronated foot posture.
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- 2021
40. Genomic adaptations to cereal-based diets contribute to mitigate metabolic risk in some human populations of East Asian ancestry
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Giovanni Romeo, Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone, Davide Gentilini, Thanh Tin Nguyen, Stefania Sarno, Marco Sazzini, Shaobo Yu, Sara De Fanti, Donata Luiselli, Cecilia Prata, Eugenio Bortolini, Anna Maria Di Blasio, Davide Pettener, Arianna Landini, Claudia Ojeda-Granados, Paolo Abondio, Hanjun Jin, Landini A., Yu S., Gnecchi-Ruscone G.A., Abondio P., Ojeda-Granados C., Sarno S., De Fanti S., Gentilini D., Di Blasio A.M., Jin H., Nguyen T.T., Romeo G., Prata C., Bortolini E., Luiselli D., Pettener D., and Sazzini M.
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Evolution ,Zoology ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Insulin resistance ,lcsh:QH359-425 ,dietary selective pressure ,Genetics ,medicine ,Glucose homeostasis ,East Asia ,Domestication ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,2. Zero hunger ,dietary selective pressures ,genomic adaptation ,food and beverages ,Staple food ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,030104 developmental biology ,Glycemic index ,metabolic risk ,evolutionary medicine ,human Asian populations ,Original Article ,human Asian population ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Adoption of diets based on some cereals, especially on rice, signified an iconic change in nutritional habits for many Asian populations and a relevant challenge for their capability to maintain glucose homeostasis. Indeed, rice shows the highest carbohydrates content and glycaemic index among the domesticated cereals and its usual ingestion represents a potential risk factor for developing insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes and obesity epidemiological patterns differ among Asian populations that rely on rice as a staple food, with higher diabetes prevalence and increased levels of central adiposity observed in people of South Asian ancestry rather than in East Asians. This may be at least partly due to the fact that populations from East Asian regions where wild rice or other cereals such as millet have been already consumed before their cultivation and/or were early domesticated have relied on these nutritional resources for a period long enough to have possibly evolved biological adaptations that counteract their detrimental side effects. To test such a hypothesis, we compared adaptive evolution of these populations with that of control groups from regions where the adoption of cereal-based diets occurred many thousand years later and which were identified from a genome-wide dataset including 2,379 individuals from 124 East Asian and South Asian populations. This revealed selective sweeps and polygenic adaptive mechanisms affecting functional pathways involved in fatty acids metabolism, cholesterol/triglycerides biosynthesis from carbohydrates, regulation of glucose homeostasis and production of retinoic acid in Chinese Han and Tujia ethnic groups, as well as in people of Korean and Japanese ancestry. Accordingly, long-standing rice- and/or millet-based diets have possibly contributed to trigger the evolution of such biological adaptations, which might represent one of the factors that play a role in mitigating the metabolic risk of these East Asian populations. 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Samples collection and genotyping 2.2 Data curation and assembly of a Pan-Asian dataset 2.3 Population structure analyses 2.4 Selection scans on the identified population clusters 2.5 Shortlisting of the most informative candidate adaptive genes 2.6 Gene network analyses aimed at testing for polygenic adaptation 3 Results 3.1 Exploring population structure in the assembled Pan-Asian dataset 3.2 Identification of genetically homogeneous population clusters 3.3 Detection of genomic regions enriched for selective sweeps in each population cluster 3.4 Fine mapping of the most informative candidate adaptive genes 3.5 Investigation of polygenic adaptive events in the Han-Tujia and Japanese clusters 4 Discussion 4.1 Population clusters within the South Asianand East Asian genomic landscapes 4.2 Distinctive patterns of adaptive evolution in candidate and control population clusters
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- 2019
41. Quantifying the relationship between food sharing practices and socio-ecological variables in small-scale societies: A cross-cultural multi-methodological approach
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Eugenio Bortolini, Virginia Ahedo, Jorge Caro, Débora Zurro, Marco Madella, José Manuel Galán, Ahedo V., Caro J., Bortolini E., Zurro D., Madella M., and Manuel Galan J.
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Culture ,Distribution (economics) ,Social Sciences ,food sharing, supervised learning, exploratory analysis, cross-cultural, ethnography ,01 natural sciences ,Inuit people ,Social networks ,Social Geography ,010104 statistics & probability ,Behavioral Ecology ,Alimentos ,Sociology ,Regional science ,Social geography ,Psychology ,Ethnicities ,Animal Husbandry ,Animal Management ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Animal Behavior ,Ecology ,Geography ,Environmental geography ,Agriculture ,Community Ecology ,Scale (social sciences) ,Medicine ,Cross-cultural Studies ,Niche construction ,Research Article ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Science ,Inuit People ,Behavioral ecology ,Human Geography ,Niche Construction ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cross-Cultural Studies ,Humans ,Behaviour ,0101 mathematics ,Integrated geography ,030304 developmental biology ,Behavior ,business.industry ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Animal sociality ,Subsistence agriculture ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Biobehavioral Sciences ,Cross-cultural studies ,Siberia ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Food ,People and Places ,Earth Sciences ,Population Groupings ,Americas ,business ,Societies ,Sociología ,Zoology ,Predictive modelling - Abstract
This article presents a cross-cultural study of the relationship among the subsistence strategies, the environmental setting and the food sharing practices of 22 modern small-scale societies located in America (n = 18) and Siberia (n = 4). Ecological, geographical and economic variables of these societies were extracted from specialized literature and the publicly available D-PLACE database. The approach proposed comprises a variety of quantitative methods, ranging from exploratory techniques aimed at capturing relationships of any type between variables, to network theory and supervised-learning predictive modelling. Results provided by all techniques consistently show that the differences observed in food sharing practices across the sampled populations cannot be explained just by the differential distribution of ecological, geographical and economic variables. Food sharing has to be interpreted as a more complex cultural phenomenon, whose variation over time and space cannot be ascribed only to local adaptation.
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- 2019
42. A late Neanderthal tooth from northeastern Italy
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Thomas Higham, Giulia Marciani, Alessia Nava, Davide Delpiano, Carla Figus, Gregorio Oxilia, Giovanni Di Domenico, Simona Arrighi, Matthias Meyer, Federica Badino, Luca Bondioli, Federico Lugli, Matteo Romandini, Eugenio Bortolini, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Daniele Panetta, Sara Silvestrini, Stefano Benazzi, Marco Peresani, Gabriele Terlato, Stéphane Peyrégne, Petra Martini, Viviane Slon, Jessica C. Menghi Sartorio, Romandini M., Oxilia G., Bortolini E., Peyregne S., Delpiano D., Nava A., Panetta D., Di Domenico G., Martini P., Arrighi S., Badino F., Figus C., Lugli F., Marciani G., Silvestrini S., Menghi Sartorio J.C., Terlato G., Hublin J.-J., Meyer M., Bondioli L., Higham T., Slon V., Peresani M., and Benazzi S.
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Cuspid ,010506 paleontology ,Neanderthal ,Pleistocene ,Neanderthal, Deciduous human canine, Late Middle Paleolithic, Mediterranean Europe, Virtual analysis, 2D and 3D enamel thickness ,Socio-culturale ,Deciduous human canine ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Sequence (geology) ,law ,biology.animal ,Maxilla ,Animals ,0601 history and archaeology ,Sequence stratigraphy ,Radiocarbon dating ,Tooth, Deciduous ,LS8_5 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Neanderthals ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Paleodontology ,Late Middle Palaeolithic ,060101 anthropology ,biology ,Fossils ,Late Middle Paleolithic ,Mousterian ,SH6_2 ,06 humanities and the arts ,Archaeology ,Mediterranean Europe ,2D and 3D enamel thickness ,Virtual analysis ,Geography ,Deciduous ,Italy ,Anthropology ,Rock shelter - Abstract
The site of Riparo Broion (Vicenza, northeastern Italy) preserves a stratigraphic sequence documenting the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition, in particular the final Mousterian and the Uluzzian cultures. In 2018, a human tooth was retrieved from a late Mousterian level, representing the first human remain ever found from this rock shelter (Riparo Broion 1). Here, we provide the morphological description and taxonomic assessment of Riparo Broion 1 with the support of classic and virtual morphology, 2D and 3D analysis of the topography of enamel thickness, and DNA analysis. The tooth is an exfoliated right upper deciduous canine, and its general morphology and enamel thickness distribution support attribution to a Neanderthal child. Correspondingly, the mitochondrial DNA sequence from Riparo Broion 1 falls within the known genetic variation of Late Pleistocene Neanderthals, in accordance with newly obtained radiocarbon dates that point to approximately 48 ka cal BP as the most likely minimum age for this specimen. The present work describes novel and direct evidence of the late Neanderthal occupation in northern Italy that preceded the marked cultural and technological shift documented by the Uluzzian layers in the archaeological sequence at Riparo Broion. Here, we provide a new full morphological, morphometric, and taxonomic analysis of Riparo Broion 1, in addition to generating the wider reference sample of Neanderthal and modern human upper deciduous canines. This research contributes to increasing the sample of fossil remains from Italy, as well as the number of currently available upper deciduous canines, which are presently poorly documented in the scientific literature.
- Published
- 2020
43. Ancient and recent admixture layers in Sicily and Southern Italy trace multiple migration routes along the Mediterranean
- Author
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Alessio Boattini, Luca Pagani, Stefania Sarno, Luca Sineo, Guido Alberto Gnecchi Ruscone, Donata Luiselli, Marco Sazzini, Rosalba Petrilli, Ilia Mikerezi, Miguel G. Vilar, Chiara Barbieri, Eugenio Bortolini, Davide Pettener, Graziella Ciani, Elisabetta Cilli, Etienne Guichard, Spencer Wells, Sara De Fanti, Andrea Quagliariello, Sarno, S, Boattini, A, Pagani, L, Sazzini, M, De Fanti, S, Quagliariello, A, Gnecchi Ruscone, GA, Guichard, E, Ciani, G, Bortolini, E, Barbieri, C, Cilli, E, Petrilli, R, Mikerezi, I, Sineo, L, Vilar, M, Wells, S, Luiselli, D, Pettener, D, Sarno, Stefania, Boattini, Alessio, Pagani, Luca, Sazzini, Marco, De Fanti, Sara, Quagliariello, Andrea, Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Guichard, Etienne, Ciani, Graziella, Bortolini, Eugenio, Barbieri, Chiara, Cilli, Elisabetta, Petrilli, Rosalba, Mikerezi, Ilia, Sineo, Luca, Vilar, Miguel, Wells, Spencer, Luiselli, Donata, and Pettener, Davide
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Mediterranean climate ,Multidisciplinary ,Cultural history ,Southern Italy, Sicily, genomic ancestry, admxiture, Mediterranean populations ,Science ,Biological anthropology ,Settore BIO/08 - Antropologia ,Archaeology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,DNA, Sicily, Southern Italy, Migration routes, Genotyping ,Medicine ,Population diversity ,Genetic variation - Abstract
The Mediterranean shores stretching between Sicily, Southern Italy and the Southern Balkans witnessed a long series of migration processes and cultural exchanges. Accordingly, present-day population diversity is composed by multiple genetic layers, which make the deciphering of different ancestral and historical contributes particularly challenging. We address this issue by genotyping 511 samples from 23 populations of Sicily, Southern Italy, Greece and Albania with the Illumina GenoChip Array, also including new samples from Albanian-and Greek-speaking ethno-linguistic minorities of Southern Italy. Our results reveal a shared Mediterranean genetic continuity, extending from Sicily to Cyprus, where Southern Italian populations appear genetically closer to Greek-speaking islands than to continental Greece. Besides a predominant Neolithic background, we identify traces of Post-Neolithic Levantine-and Caucasus-related ancestries, compatible with maritime Bronze-Age migrations. We argue that these results may have important implications in the cultural history of Europe, such as in the diffusion of some Indo-European languages. Instead, recent historical expansions from North-Eastern Europe account for the observed differentiation of present-day continental Southern Balkan groups. Patterns of IBD-sharing directly reconnect Albanian-speaking Arbereshe with a recent Balkan-source origin, while Greek-speaking communities of Southern Italy cluster with their Italian-speaking neighbours suggesting a long-term history of presence in Southern Italy., This study was supported by the Genographic Project 2.0 (Geno 2.0) Scientific Research Grant 4–13 and by the European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG 295733 grant (Langelin).
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- 2017
44. Shared language, diverging genetic histories: high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variability in Calabrian and Sicilian Arbereshe
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Francesca Brisighelli, Donata Luiselli, Sergio Tofanelli, Paolo Anagnostou, Sara De Fanti, Gianmarco Ferri, Cristian Capelli, Eugenio Bortolini, Davide Pettener, Alessio Boattini, Andrea Quagliariello, Stefania Sarno, Giuseppe Tagarelli, Luca Sineo, Sarno, Stefania, Tofanelli, Sergio, de Fanti, Sara, Quagliariello, Andrea, Bortolini, Eugenio, Ferri, Gianmarco, Anagnostou, Paolo, Brisighelli, Francesca, Capelli, Cristian, Tagarelli, Giuseppe, Sineo, Luca, Luiselli, Donata, Boattini, Alessio, Pettener, Davide, Sarno, S., Tofanelli, S., Fanti, S., Quagliariello, A., Bortolini, E., Ferri, G., Anagnostou, P., Brisighelli, F., Capelli, C., Tagarelli, G., Sineo, L., Luiselli, D., Boattini, A., and Pettener, D.
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Genetics ,Genetics (clinical) ,Population ,Y-chromosome variability ,Settore BIO/08 - ANTROPOLOGIA ,Population genetics ,Genetic admixture ,Homeland ,genetics (clinical) ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,Population stratification ,Chromosomes ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic ,Models ,Genetic variation ,Humans ,genetics ,education ,Language ,education.field_of_study ,Chromosomes, Human, Y ,Y chromosome ,Models, Genetic ,Mediterranean Region ,population genetics ,Genetic Variation ,language.human_language ,Y-Chromosome ,Female ,Italy ,Pedigree ,Human Population Genetics, Y chromosome Arbereshe, linguistic minorities, genetic isolates, admixture simulations, micro-evolutionary history, Southern Italy ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,Evolutionary biology ,language ,Arbereshe linguistic minority ,Arbresh ,Sicilian ,Sicily and Calabria ,Human - Abstract
The relationship between genetic and linguistic diversification in human populations has been often explored to interpret some specific issues in human history. The Albanian-speaking minorities of Sicily and Southern Italy (Arbereshe) constitute an important portion of the ethnolinguistic variability of Italy. Their linguistic isolation from neighboring Italian populations and their documented migration history, make such minorities particularly effective for investigating the interplay between cultural, geographic and historical factors. Nevertheless, the extent of Arbereshe genetic relationships with the Balkan homeland and the Italian recipient populations has been only partially investigated. In the present study we address the genetic history of Arbereshe people by combining highly resolved analyses of Y-chromosome lineages and extensive computer simulations. A large set of slow- and fast-evolving molecular markers was typed in different Arbereshe communities from Sicily and Southern Italy (Calabria), as well as in both the putative Balkan source and Italian sink populations. Our results revealed that the considered Arbereshe groups, despite speaking closely related languages and sharing common cultural features, actually experienced diverging genetic histories. The estimated proportions of genetic admixture confirm the tight relationship of Calabrian Arbereshe with modern Albanian populations, in accordance with linguistic hypotheses. On the other hand, population stratification and/or an increased permeability of linguistic and geographic barriers may be hypothesized for Sicilian groups, to account for their partial similarity with Greek populations and their higher levels of local admixture. These processes ultimately resulted in the differential acquisition or preservation of specific paternal lineages by the present-day Arbereshe communities.European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication, 1 July 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.138.
- Published
- 2014
45. Avaliação de Danos Genômicos em Pacientes Submetidos à Hemodiálise Após Suplementação Vitamínica
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BATISTA, T. L. M., MEYRELLES, S. S., BORTOLINI, E. R., and BATITUCCI, M. C. P.
- Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_5582_Dissertação_Thatiane Lorena M. Batista_2012.pdf: 1973378 bytes, checksum: cc14421b69b851366eabc600cac29f78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 A insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) é cada vez mais frequente na população e implica na perda irreversível das funções renais, o que torna necessário um tratamento de terapia renal substitutiva. A mais comum é a hemodiálise uma filtração extracorpórea, removendo líquidos e toxinas do sangue do paciente. Porém, esse processo não fisiológico promove um aumento do estresse oxidativo e de complicações como doenças de morbimortalidade, dentre elas a doença cardiovascular e o câncer. Para que uma redução na frequência dessas doenças seja alcançada a utilização de vitaminas se faz necessária já que o estado nutricional interfere para o desenvolvimento dessas doenças. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a genotoxidade e citotoxicidade em pacientes renais crônicos utilizando o ensaio do micronúcleo em linfócitos e células da mucosa bucal após a suplementação vitamínica por ácido fólico, e vitaminas E, C e B12. Dezesseis pacientes voluntários fornecem, cada um, três amostras para cada ensaio, uma amostra foi antes de recebem a suplementação e duas durante o tratamento, após um e dois meses de utilização das vitaminas. No ensaio dos linfócitos com bloqueio de citocinese (CBMN) foram analisados brotos, pontes nucleoplasmática e micronúcleos em células binucleadas, além do índice de divisão nuclear. Já nas células da mucosa foram analisadas células binucleadas, a as mononucleadas em apoptose, cariólise, com micronucles e broken egg. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a frequência foi nucleares foi reduzida com a utilização das vitaminas, nos dois ensaios, sendo que algumas avaliações não tiveram diferenças estatísticas. Além disso, foram encontradas diferenças de comportamento dos gêneros frete à suplementação. Este trabalho fornece evidências de que a utilização vitamínica, pelos pacientes renais crônicos, foi associada a reduções das alterações nucleares avaliadas, o que pode contribuir para melhor qualidade de vida desses indivíduos.
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- 2012
46. Life history and ancestry of the late Upper Palaeolithic infant from Grotta delle Mura, Italy.
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Higgins OA, Modi A, Cannariato C, Diroma MA, Lugli F, Ricci S, Zaro V, Vai S, Vazzana A, Romandini M, Yu H, Boschin F, Magnone L, Rossini M, Di Domenico G, Baruffaldi F, Oxilia G, Bortolini E, Dellù E, Moroni A, Ronchitelli A, Talamo S, Müller W, Calattini M, Nava A, Posth C, Lari M, Bondioli L, Benazzi S, and Caramelli D
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- Italy, Humans, Infant, Female, History, Ancient, Radiometric Dating, Male, Hominidae genetics, Archaeology, Tooth, Genetic Variation, Fossils
- Abstract
The biological aspects of infancy within late Upper Palaeolithic populations and the role of southern refugia at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum are not yet fully understood. This study presents a multidisciplinary, high temporal resolution investigation of an Upper Palaeolithic infant from Grotta delle Mura (Apulia, southern Italy) combining palaeogenomics, dental palaeohistology, spatially-resolved geochemical analyses, direct radiocarbon dating, and traditional anthropological studies. The skeletal remains of the infant - Le Mura 1 - were directly dated to 17,320-16,910 cal BP. The results portray a biological history of the infant's development, early life, health and death (estimated at ~72 weeks). They identify, several phenotypic traits and a potential congenital disease in the infant, the mother's low mobility during gestation, and a high level of endogamy. Furthermore, the genomic data indicates an early spread of the Villabruna-like components along the Italian peninsula, confirming a population turnover around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, and highlighting a general reduction in genetic variability from northern to southern Italy. Overall, Le Mura 1 contributes to our better understanding of the early stages of life and the genetic puzzle in the Italian peninsula at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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47. Morphological and morphometric study of the hominin dental casts from Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C (Apulia, southern Italy).
- Author
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Seghi F, Sorrentino R, Bailey SE, Piccirilli E, Vazzana A, Bortolini E, Higgins OA, Marciani G, Orlando MA, Spinapolice EE, Moroni A, and Benazzi S
- Subjects
- Italy, Animals, Humans, Tooth, Deciduous anatomy & histology, Neanderthals anatomy & histology, Tooth anatomy & histology, Molar anatomy & histology, Paleodontology, Models, Dental, Fossils, Hominidae anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Objectives: Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C (Apulia, southern Italy) is a pivotal site for investigating the evolution of the Middle Paleolithic and the earliest phases of the Upper Paleolithic in southern Italy, as the extensive stratigraphic record of this site includes a thick Mousterian sequence followed by the Uluzzian. Here, we investigate the taxonomic affinity of seven unpublished deciduous human teeth retrieved from the site of Uluzzo C in 1960., Materials and Methods: The teeth are represented by seven plaster dental casts, which are housed at the Museo Civico di Paleontologia e Paletnologia in Maglie (Lecce, Apulia). The location of the original specimens remains unknown, rendering these casts the only human remains evidence yielded by Uluzzo C to date. Based on occlusal-view photographs and digital models of the casts, we examined the external morphology and morphometry of the teeth, comparing them to Homo sapiens and H. neanderthalensis samples. Through geometric morphometric methods and statistical analyses, we analyzed the crown outline of the deciduous molars., Results: The teeth show morphological and morphometric features that are variably found in H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens, or both. Specifically, crown outline analysis shows that all molars fall within H. neanderthalensis variability, except for Uluzzo 853 (lower right deciduous first molar), which falls within H. sapiens variability., Discussion: This study provides the first taxonomic assessment of the hominin teeth from Uluzzo C. The results contribute additional insights into the Paleolithic peopling of southern Italy during a crucial period marked by the persistence of post-Tyrrhenian Neanderthal techno-complexes and the arrival of H. sapiens., (© 2024 The Author(s). American Journal of Biological Anthropology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal.
- Author
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Vallini L, Zampieri C, Shoaee MJ, Bortolini E, Marciani G, Aneli S, Pievani T, Benazzi S, Barausse A, Mezzavilla M, Petraglia MD, and Pagani L
- Subjects
- Humans, Africa, Models, Theoretical, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Archaeology
- Abstract
A combination of evidence, based on genetic, fossil and archaeological findings, indicates that Homo sapiens spread out of Africa between ~70-60 thousand years ago (kya). However, it appears that once outside of Africa, human populations did not expand across all of Eurasia until ~45 kya. The geographic whereabouts of these early settlers in the timeframe between ~70-60 to 45 kya has been difficult to reconcile. Here we combine genetic evidence and palaeoecological models to infer the geographic location that acted as the Hub for our species during the early phases of colonisation of Eurasia. Leveraging on available genomic evidence we show that populations from the Persian Plateau carry an ancestry component that closely matches the population that settled the Hub outside Africa. With the paleoclimatic data available to date, we built ecological models showing that the Persian Plateau was suitable for human occupation and that it could sustain a larger population compared to other West Asian regions, strengthening this claim., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
- Full Text
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49. New insights on Celtic migration in Hungary and Italy through the analysis of non-metric dental traits.
- Author
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Piccirilli E, Sorrentino R, Lugli F, Bortolini E, Silvestrini S, Cavazzuti C, Conti S, Czifra S, Gyenesei K, Köhler K, Tankó K, Vazzana A, Jerem E, Cipriani A, Gottarelli A, Belcastro MG, Hajdu T, and Benazzi S
- Subjects
- Humans, Hungary, Italy, Europe, Austria, Phenotype
- Abstract
The Iron Age is characterized by an extended interweaving of movements by Celts in Europe. Several waves of Celts from Western and Central Europe migrated southeast and west from the core area of the La Téne culture (between Bourgogne and Bohemia). Through the analysis of non-metric dental traits, this work aims to understand the biological relationship among Celtic groups arrived in Italy and the Carpathian Basin, as well as between local populations and Celtic newcomers. A total of 10 non-metric dental traits were analyzed to evaluate biological affinities among Celts (Sopron-Krautacker and Pilismarót-Basaharc) and Scythians-related populations from Hungary (Tápiószele), Celts from continental Europe (Switzerland and Austria), two Iron Age Etruscan-Celtic sites from northern Italy (Monterenzio Vecchio and Monte Bibele), 13 Iron Age central-southern Italic necropolises, and the northern Italian Bronze Age necropolis of Scalvinetto. Strontium isotopes were measured on individuals from the necropolis of Monte Bibele to infer their local or non-local origin. Results highlight the existence of statistically significant differences between Celts and autochthonous Italian groups. Celtic groups from Hungary and Italy (i.e., non-local individuals of Monterenzio Vecchio and Monte Bibele) share a similar biological background, supporting the historical records mentioning a common origin for Celts migrated to the eastern and southern borders of today's Europe. The presence of a supposed Steppean ancestry both in Celts from Hungary and Celts from northern Italy corroborates the hypothesis of the existence of a westward migration of individuals and genes from the Steppe towards northern Italy during the Bronze and Iron Age, which contributed to the biological variability of pre-Celtic and later Celtic populations, respectively. Conversely, individuals from central-southern Italy show an autochthonous pre-Iron Age background. Lastly, this work supports the existence of Celtic migratory routes in northern Italy, as shown by biological and cultural admixture between Celts and Italics living together., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Piccirilli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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50. High-resolution ecosystem changes pacing the millennial climate variability at the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in NE-Italy.
- Author
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Badino F, Pini R, Ravazzi C, Chytrý M, Bertuletti P, Bortolini E, Dudová L, Peresani M, Romandini M, and Benazzi S
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Forests, Trees, Italy, Ecosystem, Neanderthals
- Abstract
Observation of high-resolution terrestrial palaeoecological series can decipher relationships between past climatic transitions, their effects on ecosystems and wildfire cyclicity. Here we present a new radiocarbon dated record from Lake Fimon (NE-Italy) covering the 60-27 ka interval. Palynological, charcoal fragments and sediment lithology analysis were carried out at centennial to sub-centennial resolutions. Identification of the best modern analogues for MIS 3 ecosystems further enabled to thoroughly reconstruct structural changes in the vegetation through time. This series also represents an "off-site" reference record for chronologically well-constrained Palaeolithic sites documenting Neanderthal and Homo sapiens occupations within the same region. Neanderthals lived in a mosaic of grasslands and woodlands, composed of a mixture of boreal and broad-leaved temperate trees analogous to those of the modern Central-Eastern Europe, the Southern Urals and central-southern Siberia. Dry and other grassland types expanded steadily from 44 to 43 ka and peaked between 42 and 39 ka, i.e., about the same time when Sapiens reached this region. This vegetation, which finds very few reliable modern analogues in the adopted Eurasian calibration set, led to the expansion of ecosystems able to sustain large herds of herbivores. During 39-27 ka, the landscape was covered by steppe, desert-steppe and open dry boreal forests similar to those of the modern Altai-Sayan region. Both Neanderthal and Sapiens lived in contexts of expanded fire-prone ecosystems modulated by the high-frequency climatic cycles of MIS 3., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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