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5. Major results from the first plasma campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

Wolf, R.C., Ali, A., Alonso, A., Baldzuhn, J., Beidler, C., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Bosch, H.S., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Dinklage, A., Feng, Y., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Helander, P., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jakubowski, M., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., König, R., Kornejew, P., Kràmer-Flecken, A., Krychowiak, M., Landreman, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Lazerson, S., Maaßberg, H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Moseev, D., Niemann, H., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Rahbarnia, K., Schlisio, G., Stange, T., Sunn Pedersen, T., Svensson, J., Szepesi, T., Trimino Mora, H., Turkin, Y., Wauters, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., Windisch, T., Wurden, G., Zhang, D., Abramovic, I., Äkàslompolo, S., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alzbutas, R., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Ascasibar, E., Assmann, J., Baek, S. G., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Barlak, M., Baumann, K., Behr, W., Benndorf, A., Bertuch, O., Biel, W., Birus, D., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bolgert, P., Borchardt, M., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Böttger, L. G., Brand, H., Brandt, Ch, Bràuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K. J., Brünner, B., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Ciupiński, Claps, G., Cole, M., Cole, M. J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czermak, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., Da Molin, A., Da Silva, A., Dammertz, G., Danielson, J., De La Pena, A., Degenkolbe, S., Denner, P., Dhard, D. P., Dostal, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, Ph, Dudek, A., Dundulis, G., Durodie, F., Van Eeten, P., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Erckmann, E., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fahrenkamp, N., Feist, J. H., Fellinger, J., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W. H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Führer, M., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gates, D., Gawlik, G., Geiger, B., Giannella, V., Gierse, N., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Guerard, C., Haiduk, L., Han, X., Harberts, F., Harris, J. H., Hartfuß, H. J., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Heitzenroeder, P., Henneberg, S., Hennig, C., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hölbe, H., Hollfeld, K. P., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huber, M., Huber, V., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Ivanov, A., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, J., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Junghans, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kaliatka, T., Kallmeyer, J. P., Kamionka, U., Karalevicius, R., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kenmochi, N., Keunecke, M., Khilchenko, A., Kinna, D., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Knaup, M., Kobarg, Th, Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., Köppen, M., Koshurinov, J., Koslowski, R., Köster, F., Koziol, R., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Kraszewsk, P., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krings, Th, Krom, J., Krzesinski, G., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Lang, R., Langish, S., Laube, R., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Lewerentz, L., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch, Liu, S., Lobsien, J. F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lubyako, L., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Majano-Brown, J., Marchuk, O., Mardenfeld, M., Marek, P., Massidda, S., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, Ph, Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morizaki, T., Munk, R., Murakami, S., Musielok, F., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Ngo, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J. W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Pan, W., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Panin, A., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pelka, G., Peng, X., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pieper, A., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Povilaitis, M., Preinhaelter, J., Proll, J., Puiatti, M. E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Rimkevicius, S., Riße, K., Rodatos, A., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rong, P., Roscher, H. J., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, M., Sano, F., Satake, S., Satheeswaran, G., Schacht, J., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schlaich, A., Schlüter, K. H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, M., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Shanahan, B., Shikhovtsev, I. V., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Siplià, S., Skodzik, J., Slaby, C., Smith, H., Spiess, W., Spong, D. A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Standley, B., Stephey, L., Stoneking, M., Stridde, U., Sulek, Z., Surko, C., Suzuki, Y., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tamura, N., Terra, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thomsen, H., Thumm, M., Von Thun, C. P., Timmermann, D., Titus, P., Toi, K., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Turnyanskiy, M., Unterberg, B., Urban, J., Urbonavicius, E., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Van Millingen, B., Vela, L., Velasco, J. L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vorkörper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warmer, F., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wei, Y., Wendorf, J., Werner, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Winkler, E., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wolowski, J., Wright, A., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zajac, J., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zimbal, A., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Wolf, R.C., Ali, A., Alonso, A., Baldzuhn, J., Beidler, C., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Bosch, H.S., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Dinklage, A., Feng, Y., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Helander, P., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jakubowski, M., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., König, R., Kornejew, P., Kràmer-Flecken, A., Krychowiak, M., Landreman, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Lazerson, S., Maaßberg, H., Marsen, S., Marushchenko, M., Moseev, D., Niemann, H., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Rahbarnia, K., Schlisio, G., Stange, T., Sunn Pedersen, T., Svensson, J., Szepesi, T., Trimino Mora, H., Turkin, Y., Wauters, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., Windisch, T., Wurden, G., Zhang, D., Abramovic, I., Äkàslompolo, S., Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alzbutas, R., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Ascasibar, E., Assmann, J., Baek, S. G., Banduch, M., Barbui, T., Barlak, M., Baumann, K., Behr, W., Benndorf, A., Bertuch, O., Biel, W., Birus, D., Blackwell, B., Blanco, E., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bolgert, P., Borchardt, M., Borsuk, V., Boscary, J., Böttger, L. G., Brand, H., Brandt, Ch, Bràuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K. J., Brünner, B., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B., Castejon, F., Charl, A., Chernyshev, F., Cianciosa, M., Citarella, R., Ciupiński, Claps, G., Cole, M., Cole, M. J., Cordella, F., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Czermak, A., Czerski, K., Czerwinski, M., Czymek, G., Da Molin, A., Da Silva, A., Dammertz, G., Danielson, J., De La Pena, A., Degenkolbe, S., Denner, P., Dhard, D. P., Dostal, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, Ph, Dudek, A., Dundulis, G., Durodie, F., Van Eeten, P., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D., Erckmann, E., Esteban, H., Estrada, T., Fahrenkamp, N., Feist, J. H., Fellinger, J., Fernandes, H., Fietz, W. H., Figacz, W., Fontdecaba, J., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freund, A., Führer, M., Funaba, T., Galkowski, A., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., García Regaña, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gates, D., Gawlik, G., Geiger, B., Giannella, V., Gierse, N., Gogoleva, A., Goncalves, B., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Green, J., Grosman, A., Grote, H., Gruca, M., Guerard, C., Haiduk, L., Han, X., Harberts, F., Harris, J. H., Hartfuß, H. J., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Heitzenroeder, P., Henneberg, S., Hennig, C., Hernandez Sanchez, J., Hidalgo, C., Hölbe, H., Hollfeld, K. P., Hölting, A., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Huber, M., Huber, V., Hunger, H., Ida, K., Ilkei, T., Illy, S., Israeli, B., Ivanov, A., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, J., Jelonnek, J., Jenzsch, H., Junghans, P., Kacmarczyk, J., Kaliatka, T., Kallmeyer, J. P., Kamionka, U., Karalevicius, R., Kasahara, H., Kasparek, W., Kenmochi, N., Keunecke, M., Khilchenko, A., Kinna, D., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Knaup, M., Kobarg, Th, Köchl, F., Kolesnichenko, Y., Könies, A., Köppen, M., Koshurinov, J., Koslowski, R., Köster, F., Koziol, R., Krämer, M., Krampitz, R., Kraszewsk, P., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krings, Th, Krom, J., Krzesinski, G., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kühner, G., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Lang, R., Langish, S., Laube, R., Lechte, C., Lennartz, M., Leonhardt, W., Lewerentz, L., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch, Liu, S., Lobsien, J. F., Loesser, D., Loizu Cisquella, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losert, M., Lubyako, L., Lücke, A., Lumsdaine, A., Lutsenko, V., Majano-Brown, J., Marchuk, O., Mardenfeld, M., Marek, P., Massidda, S., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., McCarthy, K., McNeely, P., Meier, A., Mellein, D., Mendelevitch, B., Mertens, Ph, Mikkelsen, D., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mittelstaedt, J., Mizuuchi, T., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morizaki, T., Munk, R., Murakami, S., Musielok, F., Náfrádi, G., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Ngo, T., Nocentini, R., Nührenberg, C., Nührenberg, J., Obermayer, S., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J. W., Orozco, G., Otte, M., Pacios Rodriguez, L., Pan, W., Panadero, N., Panadero Alvarez, N., Panin, A., Papenfuß, D., Paqay, S., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pelka, G., Peng, X., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pieper, A., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plaum, B., Plunk, G., Povilaitis, M., Preinhaelter, J., Proll, J., Puiatti, M. E., Puig Sitjes, A., Purps, F., Rack, M., Récsei, S., Reiman, A., Reiter, D., Remppel, F., Renard, S., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Rimkevicius, S., Riße, K., Rodatos, A., Röhlinger, H., Romé, M., Rong, P., Roscher, H. J., Roth, B., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, K., Rummel, T., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Ryosuke, S., Sakamoto, R., Samartsev, A., Sanchez, M., Sano, F., Satake, S., Satheeswaran, G., Schacht, J., Schauer, F., Scherer, T., Schlaich, A., Schlüter, K. H., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, H., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, W., Scholz, M., Scholz, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, M., Schröder, T., Schroeder, R., Schumacher, H., Schweer, B., Shanahan, B., Shikhovtsev, I. V., Sibilia, M., Sinha, P., Siplià, S., Skodzik, J., Slaby, C., Smith, H., Spiess, W., Spong, D. A., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Standley, B., Stephey, L., Stoneking, M., Stridde, U., Sulek, Z., Surko, C., Suzuki, Y., Szabó, V., Szabolics, T., Szökefalvi-Nagy, Z., Tamura, N., Terra, A., Terry, J., Thomas, J., Thomsen, H., Thumm, M., Von Thun, C. P., Timmermann, D., Titus, P., Toi, K., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T., Tulipán, S., Turnyanskiy, M., Unterberg, B., Urban, J., Urbonavicius, E., Vakulchyk, I., Valet, S., Van Millingen, B., Vela, L., Velasco, J. L., Vergote, M., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vorkörper, A., Wadle, S., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warmer, F., Wegener, L., Weggen, J., Wei, Y., Wendorf, J., Werner, A., Wiegel, B., Wilde, F., Winkler, E., Winters, V., Wolf, S., Wolowski, J., Wright, A., Xanthopoulos, P., Yamada, H., Yamada, I., Yasuhara, R., Yokoyama, M., Zajac, J., Zarnstorff, M., Zeitler, A., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Zilker, M., Zimbal, A., Zocco, A., Zoletnik, S., and Zuin, M.

Abstract

After completing the main construction phase of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and successfully commissioning the device, first plasma operation started at the end of 2015. Integral commissioning of plasma start-up and operation using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and an extensive set of plasma diagnostics have been completed, allowing initial physics studies during the first operational campaign. Both in helium and hydrogen, plasma breakdown was easily achieved. Gaining experience with plasma vessel conditioning, discharge lengths could be extended gradually. Eventually, discharges lasted up to 6 s, reaching an injected energy of 4 MJ, which is twice the limit originally agreed for the limiter configuration employed during the first operational campaign. At power levels of 4 MW central electron densities reached 3 1019 m-3, central electron temperatures reached values of 7 keV and ion temperatures reached just above 2 keV. Important physics studies during this first operational phase include a first assessment of power balance and energy confinement, ECRH power deposition experiments, 2nd harmonic O-mode ECRH using multi-pass absorption, and current drive experiments using electron cyclotron current drive. As in many plasma discharges the electron temperature exceeds the ion temperature significantly, these plasmas are governed by core electron root confinement showing a strong positive electric field in the plasma centre.

Published
2017

6. Overview of diagnostic performance and results for the first operation phase in Wendelstein 7-X (invited)

Author

Krychowiak, M., Adnan, A., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Baldzuhn, J., Barbui, T., Beurskens, Marc N.A., Biel, W., Biedermann, C., Blackwell, B.D., Bosch, H.S., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Bräuer, T., Brotas de Carvalho, B., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Cappa, A., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Dinklage, A., Drews, P., Dzikowicka, A., Effenberg, F., Endler, M., Erckmann, V., Estrada, T., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Harris, J.H., Hartfuß, H.J., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jabłoński, S., Jakubowski, M.W., Kaczmarczyk, J., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., König, R., Kornejew, P., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H.P., Laux, M., Lazerson, S., Liang, Y., Liu, S.C., Lorenz, A., Marchuk, A.O., Marsen, S., Moncada, V., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Niemann, H., Oosterbeek, J.W., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Sunn Pedersen, T., Pisano, F., Rahbarnia, K., Ryć, L., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, W., Schröder, T., Schuhmacher, H., Schweer, B., Standley, B., Stange, T., Stephey, L., Svensson, J., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Thomsen, H., Travère, J.M., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Weir, G.M., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., Wiegel, B., Windisch, T., Wolf, R., Wurden, G.A., Zhang, D., Zimbal, A., Zoletnik, S., Krychowiak, M., Adnan, A., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Baldzuhn, J., Barbui, T., Beurskens, Marc N.A., Biel, W., Biedermann, C., Blackwell, B.D., Bosch, H.S., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Bräuer, T., Brotas de Carvalho, B., Burhenn, R., Buttenschön, B., Cappa, A., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Dinklage, A., Drews, P., Dzikowicka, A., Effenberg, F., Endler, M., Erckmann, V., Estrada, T., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Fuchert, G., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Harris, J.H., Hartfuß, H.J., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jabłoński, S., Jakubowski, M.W., Kaczmarczyk, J., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., König, R., Kornejew, P., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H.P., Laux, M., Lazerson, S., Liang, Y., Liu, S.C., Lorenz, A., Marchuk, A.O., Marsen, S., Moncada, V., Naujoks, D., Neilson, H., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Niemann, H., Oosterbeek, J.W., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Sunn Pedersen, T., Pisano, F., Rahbarnia, K., Ryć, L., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, W., Schröder, T., Schuhmacher, H., Schweer, B., Standley, B., Stange, T., Stephey, L., Svensson, J., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Thomsen, H., Travère, J.M., Trimino Mora, H., Tsuchiya, H., Weir, G.M., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., Wiegel, B., Windisch, T., Wolf, R., Wurden, G.A., Zhang, D., Zimbal, A., and Zoletnik, S.

Abstract

Wendelstein 7-X, a superconducting optimized stellarator built in Greifswald/Germany, started its first plasmas with the last closed flux surface (LCFS) defined by 5 uncooled graphite limiters in December 2015. At the end of the 10 weeks long experimental campaign (OP1.1) more than 20 independent diagnostic systems were in operation, allowing detailed studies of many interesting plasma phenomena. For example, fast neutral gas manometers supported by video cameras (including one fast-frame camera with frame rates of tens of kHz) as well as visible cameras with different interference filters, with field of views covering all ten half-modules of the stellarator, discovered a MARFE-like radiation zone on the inboard side of machine module 4. This structure is presumably triggered by an inadvertent plasma-wall interaction in module 4 resulting in a high impurity influx that terminates some discharges by radiation cooling. The main plasma parameters achieved in OP1.1 exceeded predicted values in discharges of a length reaching 6 s. Although OP1.1 is characterized by short pulses, many of the diagnostics are already designed for quasi-steady state operation of 30 min discharges heated at 10 MW of ECRH. An overview of diagnostic performance for OP1.1 is given, including some highlights from the physics campaigns.

Published
2016

7. Confirmation of the topology of the Wendelstein 7-X magnetic field to better than 1:100,000

Author

Pedersen, T. Sunn, Otte, M., Lazerson, S., Helander, P., Bozhenkov, S., Biedermann, C., Klinger, T., Wolf, R.C., Bosch, H.S., Abramovic, I., Beurskens, M.N.A., Oosterbeek, Hans, Proll, Josefine, The Wendelstein 7-X Team, Pedersen, T. Sunn, Otte, M., Lazerson, S., Helander, P., Bozhenkov, S., Biedermann, C., Klinger, T., Wolf, R.C., Bosch, H.S., Abramovic, I., Beurskens, M.N.A., Oosterbeek, Hans, Proll, Josefine, and The Wendelstein 7-X Team

Abstract

Fusion energy research has in the past 40 years focused primarily on the tokamak concept, but recent advances in plasma theory and computational power have led to renewed interest in stellarators. The largest and most sophisticated stellarator in the world, Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), has just started operation, with the aim to show that the earlier weaknesses of this concept have been addressed successfully, and that the intrinsic advantages of the concept persist, also at plasma parameters approaching those of a future fusion power plant. Here we show the first physics results, obtained before plasma operation: that the carefully tailored topology of nested magnetic surfaces needed for good confinement is realized, and that the measured deviations are smaller than one part in 100,000. This is a significant step forward in stellarator research, since it shows that the complicated and delicate magnetic topology can be created and verified with the required accuracy.

Published
2016

8. The set of diagnostics for the first operation campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

König, R., Baldzuhn, J., Biel, W., Biedermann, C., Bosch, H.S., Bozhenkov, S., Braeuer, T., Brotas de Carvalho, B., Burhenn, R., Buttenschoen, B., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Endler, M., Erckmann, V., Estrada, T., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hirsch, M., Onski, S. Jabl, Jakubowski, M., Kaczmarczyk, J., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Kocsis, G., Kornejew, P., Kraemer-Flecken, A., Kremeyer, T., Krychowiak, M., Kubkowska, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H.P., Laux, M., Liang, Y., Lorenz, A., Marchuk, A.O., Moncada, V., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Oosterbeek, J.W., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Pedersen, T.S., Rahbarnia, K., Ryc, L., Schmitz, O., Schneider, W., Schuhmacher, H., Schweer, B., Stange, T., Thomsen, H., Travere, J.-M., Szepesi, T., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., Wiegel, B., Windisch, T., Wolf, R., Wurden, G.A., Zhang, D., Zimbal, A., Zoletnik, S., König, R., Baldzuhn, J., Biel, W., Biedermann, C., Bosch, H.S., Bozhenkov, S., Braeuer, T., Brotas de Carvalho, B., Burhenn, R., Buttenschoen, B., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Endler, M., Erckmann, V., Estrada, T., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hirsch, M., Onski, S. Jabl, Jakubowski, M., Kaczmarczyk, J., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Kocsis, G., Kornejew, P., Kraemer-Flecken, A., Kremeyer, T., Krychowiak, M., Kubkowska, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H.P., Laux, M., Liang, Y., Lorenz, A., Marchuk, A.O., Moncada, V., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Oosterbeek, J.W., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Pasch, E., Pedersen, T.S., Rahbarnia, K., Ryc, L., Schmitz, O., Schneider, W., Schuhmacher, H., Schweer, B., Stange, T., Thomsen, H., Travere, J.-M., Szepesi, T., Wenzel, U., Werner, A., Wiegel, B., Windisch, T., Wolf, R., Wurden, G.A., Zhang, D., Zimbal, A., and Zoletnik, S.

Abstract

Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is a large optimized stellarator (B=2.5T, V=30m3) aiming at demonstrating the reactor relevance of the optimized stellarators. In 2015 W7-X will begin its first operation phase (OP1.1) with five inertially cooled inboard limiters made of graphite. Assuming the heat loads can be spread out evenly between the limiters, 1 second discharges at 2 MW of ECRH heating power could be run in OP1.1. The expected plasma parameters will be sufficient to demonstrate the readiness of the installed diagnostics and even to run a first physics program. The diagnostics available for this first operation phase, including some special limiter diagnostics, and their capabilities are being presented.

Published
2015

9. The Set of Diagnostics for the First Operation Campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator

Author

König, Ralf, primary, Baldzuhn, J., additional, Biel, W., additional, Biedermann, C., additional, Bosch, H.S., additional, Bozhenkov, S., additional, Bräuer, T., additional, de Carvalho, B. Brotas, additional, Burhenn, R., additional, Buttenschön, B., additional, Cseh, G., additional, Czarnecka, A., additional, Endler, M., additional, Erckmann, V., additional, Estrada, T., additional, Geiger, J., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Hartmann, D., additional, Hathiramani, D., additional, Hirsch, M., additional, Jabłonski, S., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Kaczmarczyk, J., additional, Klinger, T., additional, Klose, S., additional, Kocsis, G., additional, Kornejew, P., additional, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Kremeyer, T., additional, Krychowiak, M., additional, Kubkowska, M., additional, Langenberg, A., additional, Laqua, H. P., additional, Laux, M., additional, Liang, Y., additional, Lorenz, A., additional, Marchuk, A.O., additional, Moncada, V., additional, Neubauer, O., additional, Neuner, U., additional, Oosterbeek, J.W., additional, Otte, M., additional, Pablant, N., additional, Pasch, E., additional, Pedersen, T.S., additional, Rahbarnia, K., additional, Ryc, L., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schneider, W., additional, Schuhmacher, H., additional, Schweer, B., additional, Stange, T., additional, Thomsen, H., additional, Travere, J.-M., additional, Szepesi, T., additional, Wenzel, U., additional, Werner, A., additional, Wiegel, B., additional, Windisch, T., additional, Wolf, R., additional, Wurden, G.A., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Zimbal, A., additional, and Zoletnik, S., additional

Published
2015
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10. Transport and stability studies on TFTR

Author

McGuire, K.M., primary, Arunasalam, V., additional, Barnes, C.W., additional, Bell, M.G., additional, Bitter, M., additional, Bosch, H.S., additional, Bretz, N.L., additional, Budny, R., additional, Bush, C.E., additional, and Cavallo, A., additional

Published
1988
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15. Divertor geometry optimization for ASDEX Upgrade

Author

Schneider, R., Bosch, H.S., Neuhauser, J., Coster, D., Lackner, K., and Kaufmann, M.

Abstract

One of the critical questions to be solved for ITER (or any other reactor) is the power exhaust problem (compatible with particle exhaust). Optimized divertors have to be tested in existing geometries based mainly on the idea of closing them very efficiently to the main chamber and, by the choice of the plate and baffle geometry, positively influencing the flow pattern of hydrogen favoring good impurity entrainment. Also, for ASDEX Upgrade there is an experimental necessity for an improved divertor due to the increased heating power (24 MW will be available from 1997 on compared to the present 18 MW). We present the optimization strategy for the divertor II of ASDEX Upgrade, using elaborate numerical models and codes (B2-Eirene) as well as simple models. We start with the choice of a proper target plate geometry, and then further discuss how main chamber and private flux baffling will be done, and how this affects neutral recirculation pattern and pumping properties. For the final configuration the impurity entrainment properties are analyzed.

Published
1997
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16. Heating and confinement in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies on the divertor tokamak ASDEX

Author

Steinmetz, K., Niedermeyer, H., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Wagner, F., Wesner, F., Bäumler, J., Becker, G., Becker, W., Bosch, H.S., Brambilla, M., Braun, F., Bracken, H., Dodel, G., Eberhagen, A., Fritsch, R., Fussmann, G., Gehre, O., Gernhardt, J., von Gierke, G., Glock, E., Gruber, O., Haas, G., Hofmann, J., Hofmeister, F., Holzhauer, E., Izvozchikov, A.B., Janeschitz, G., Karger, F., Keilhacker, M., Kislyakov, A., Klüber, O., Kornherr, M., Kotze, P.B., Lackner, K., Lisitano, G., Van Mark, E., Mast, K.F., Mayer, H.-M., McCormick, K., Meisel, D., Mertens, V., Müller, E.R., Murmann, H.D., Neuhauser, J., Pietrzyk, Z.A., Poschenrieder, W., Puri, S., Rapp, H., Roth, J., Rudyj, A., Ryter, F., Schneider, F., Setzensack, C., Siller, G., Smeulders, P., Söll, M., Speth, E., Söldner, F.X., Stäbler, A., Steuer, K.-H., Vollmer, O., Wedler, H., and Zasche, D.

Abstract

The paper summarizes the experiments performed with ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) on ASDEX, from November 1984 until March 1986; the most interesting results are reported and discussed in detail. Heating and confinement studies using the hydrogen second harmonic scheme and the hydrogen minority scheme (PIC< 2.6 MW, tIC< 1.5 s) show a typical L-mode behaviour, i.e. a power dependent confinement degradation, which is rather similar to that found with neutral beam injection (NBI) heating. ICRH is accompanied by a slightly improved particle and energy confinement compared with that of NBI; this is also true for a combined ICRH + NBI scheme, up to Ptot? 4.5 MW, absorbed in the plasma. Particular efforts have been devoted to investigations of the second harmonic regime in H/D plasmas with nH/ne? 0.1 - 1, with a view to heating mixtures in reactor relevant plasmas. The achievement of H-mode transitions with ICRH alone in the hydrogen minority scheme at an absorbed RF power of about 1.1 MW supports the assumption of common confinement properties in auxiliary heated tokamaks, since they appear to be widely independent of the additional heating method. ICRH specific impurity problems, such as the strong release of iron from the vessel walls, have been overcome by applying extensive in situ wall carbonization. The mechanisms responsible for impurity generation have partly been identified and analysed; however, the problem still remains to be solved. Impurities preferentially released from the ICRH antenna do not pose problems.

Published
1989
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17. Retention of gaseous and target produced impurities in the ASDEX divertor chamber

Author

Janeschitz, G., Fussmann, G., Kotzé, P.B., Mahdavi, A., Roth, J., Taglauer, E., Bartiromo, R., Becker, G., Bosch, H.S., Eberhagen, A., Gehre, O., Gernhardt, J., Von Gierke, G., Glock, E., Gruber, O., Haas, C., Karger, F., Keilhacker, M., Kislyakov, A., Klüber, O., Kornherr, M., Lenoci, M., Lisitano, G., Mayer, H.-M., McCormick, K., Meisel, D., Mertens, V., Müller, E.R., Murmann, H., Niedermeyer, H., Poschenrieder, W., Rapp, H., Ryter, F., Schneider, F., Siller, G., Smeulders, P., Söldner, F.X., Speth, E., Steinmetz, K., Steuer, K.-H., Vollmer, O., Wagner, F., and Wesner, F.

Abstract

This letter reports on two experiments undertaken to evaluate the retention of gaseous and target produced impurities in the ASDEX divertor. The retention for gaseous impurities was determined by puffing Ar into the main chamber and simulating the time behaviour of the Ar XVI line intensity with a time dependent impurity transport code including a simple divertor model. During Ohmic heating a factor of 3 and 4.5 enhancement of impurity retention if found relative to the vacuum time constant (90 ms) of the divertor chamber, for ne= 2 × 1013cm?3and ne= 3.5 × 1013cm?3, respectively, while a drastic breakdown of the retention occurs during high power NI heating. - To deduce the retention of impurities generated at the divertor plates, a segment (3.5%) of the plates was covered with copper, a metal previously not used in ASDEX. By measuring the Cu influx at the target plates and the line intensity of the Cu XX line (11.38 Å) in the core plasma and by using the transport code, it is found that during NI heating (ne? 2 × 1013cm?3) Cu atoms originating from the target plates have a ? 3.5 times higher probability to penetrate into the core plasma than if they had when originating from the main chamber walls.

Published
1986
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18. Progress in the neutral beam injection heating experiment on the Tokamak fusion test reactor

Author

Grisham, L.R., primary, Arunsalam, V., additional, Barnes, C.W., additional, Bell, M.G., additional, Bitter, M., additional, Bosch, H.S., additional, Bretz, N.L., additional, Bush, C.E., additional, Colestock, P., additional, Davis, S.L., additional, Dimock, D.L., additional, Dylla, H.F., additional, Efthimion, P.C., additional, Fonck, R.J., additional, Fredrickson, E., additional, Goldston, R.J., additional, Grek, B., additional, Hammett, G., additional, Hawryluk, R.J., additional, Hendel, H.W., additional, Hill, K.W., additional, Hinnov, E., additional, Howell, R.B., additional, Hulse, R.A., additional, Hsuan, H., additional, Jaehnig, K.P., additional, Jassby, D., additional, Jobes, F., additional, Johnson, D.W., additional, Johnson, L.C., additional, Kaita, R., additional, Kilpatrick, S.J., additional, Knize, R.J., additional, LaMarche, P.H., additional, Little, R., additional, Manos, D.M., additional, Mansfield, D.K., additional, McCarthy, M.P., additional, McCann, R.T., additional, McCune, D.C., additional, McGuire, K., additional, McNeill, D.H., additional, Meade, D.M., additional, Medley, S.S., additional, Mikkelsen, D.R., additional, Morris, W., additional, Mueller, D., additional, Nieschmidt, E.B., additional, O'connor, T., additional, Owens, D.K., additional, Park, H., additional, Pomphrey, N., additional, Ramsey, A.T., additional, Redi, M., additional, Roquemore, A.L., additional, Saito, T., additional, Sauthoff, N.R., additional, Schilling, G., additional, Schivell, J., additional, Schmidt, G.L., additional, Scott, S.D., additional, Sinnis, J.C., additional, Stevenson, T., additional, Strachan, J.D., additional, Stratton, B.C., additional, Tait, G.D., additional, Taylor, G., additional, Timberlake, J.R., additional, Towner, H.H., additional, Ulrickson, M., additional, Von Goeler, S., additional, Von Halle, A., additional, Wieland, R., additional, Williams, M.D., additional, Wong, K.L., additional, Yoshikawa, S., additional, Young, K.M., additional, Zarnstorff, M.C., additional, and Zweben, S.J., additional

Published
1989
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19. Recycling studies in the ASDEX divertor with pellet or gas puff refuelling

Author

Haas, G., Kaufmann, M., Lang, R.S., ASDEX Team, PELLET Team, Mertens, V., Niedermeyer, H., Sandmann, W., Becker, G., Bosch, H.S., Brocken, H., Büchl, K., Eberhagen, A., Fussmann, G., Gehre, O., Gernhardt, J., Gierke, G., Glock, E., Gruber, O., Hofmann, J., Izvozchikov, A., Janeschitz, G., Karger, F., Keilhacker, M., Klüber, O., Kornherr, M., Lackner, K., Lenoci, M., Lisitano, G., Mast, F., Mayer, H.M., McCormick, K., Meisel, D., Müller, E.R., Murmann, H., Neuhauser, J., Pietrzyk, Z.A., Poschenrieder, W., Rapp, H., Riedler, H., Röhr, H., Roth, J., Ryter, F., Schneider, F., Setzensack, C., Siller, G., Smeulders, P., Söldner, F.X., Speth, E., Steuer, K.-H., Tsois, N., Vlases, G., Vollmer, O., Wagner, F., Ugniewski, S., and Zasche, D.

Published
1987
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20. Low energy neutral particle fluxes to the walls of ASDEX during He and D 2 discharges

Author

Verbeek, H., ASDEX Team, Decker, G., Bosch, H.S., Brocken, H., Eberhagen, A., Fussmann, G., Gehre, O., Gernhardt, J., Gierke, G.V., Glock, E., Gruber, O., Haas, G., Hofmann, J., Izvozchikov, A., Janeschitz, G., Karger, F., Keilhacker, M., Klüber, O., Kornherr, M., Lackner, K., Lenoci, M., Lisitano, G., Mast, F., Mayer, H.M., Mccormick, K., Meisel, D., Mertens, V., Müller, E.R., Murmann, H., Neuhauser, J., Niedermeyer, H., Pietrzyik, A., Poschenrieder, W., Rapp, H., Röhr, H., Roth, J., Ryter, F., Schneider, F., Setzensack, G., Siller, G., Smeulders, P., Soldner, F., Staudenmaier, G., Wagner, F., and Zasche, D.

Published
1987
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21. Parametric investigation of the density profile in the scrape-off layer of ASDEX

Author

McCormick, K., Pietrzyk, Z.A., Murmann, H., Lenoci, M., ASDEX Team, Becker, G., Bosch, H.S., Brocken, H., Bühl, K., Eberhagen, A., Eckhartt, D., Fussmann, G., Gehre, O., Gernhardt, J., Gierke, G.V., Glock, E., Gruber, O., Haas, G., Hofmann, J., Izvozchikov, A., Janeschitz, G., Karger, F., Kaufmann, M., Keilhacker, M., Klüber, O., Kornherr, M., Lackner, K., Lang, R.S., Leuterer, F., Lisitano, G., Mast, F., Mayer, H.M., Meisel, D., Mertens, V., Müller, E.R., Neuhauser, J., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Niedermeyer, H., Poschenrieder, W., Rapp, H., Riedler, H., Röhr, H., Roth, J., Ryter, F., Sandmann, W., Schneider, F., Setzensack, C., Siller, G., Smeulders, P., Söldner, F.X., Speth, E., Steinmetz, K., Steuer, K.-H., Tsois, N., Ugniewski, S., Vlases, G., Vollmer, O., Wagner, F., Wesner, F., and Zasche, D.

Published
1987
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22. Impurity production and plasma performance in ASDEX discharges with ohmic and auxiliary heating

Author

Fussmann, G., ASDEX Team, NI Team, ICRH Team, Hofmann, J., Janeschitz, G., Lenoci, M., Mast, F., McCormick, K., Murmann, H., Poschenrieder, W., Roth, J., Setzensack, C., Staudenmaier, G., Steuer, K.-H., Taglauer, E., Verbeek, H., Wagner, F., Becker, G., Bosch, H.S., Brocken, H., Eberhagen, A., Gehre, O., Gernhardt, J., Gierke, G.V., Clock, E., Gruber, O., Haas, G., Izvozchikov, A., Karger, F., Kaufmann, M., Keilhacker, M., Klüber, O., Kornherr, M., Lackner, K., Lisitano, G., Mayer, H.M., Meisel, D., Mertens, V., Müller, E.R., Neuhauser, J., Niedermeyer, H., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Pietrzyk, Z.A., Rapp, H., Riedler, H., Röhr, H., Ryter, F., Schneider, F., Siller, G., Smeulders, P., Söldner, F.X., Speth, E., Steinmetz, K., Tsois, N., Ugniewski, S., Vollmer, O., Wesner, F., and Zasche, D.

Published
1987
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