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33 results on '"Botham, Marc S."'

8. The effects of a decade of agri‐environment intervention in a lowland farm landscape on population trends of birds and butterflies

Author

Redhead, John W., primary, Hinsley, Shelley A., additional, Botham, Marc S., additional, Broughton, Richard K., additional, Freeman, Stephen N., additional, Bellamy, Paul E., additional, Siriwardena, Gavin, additional, Randle, Zoë, additional, Nowakowski, Marek, additional, Heard, Matthew S., additional, and Pywell, Richard F., additional

Published
2022
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9. Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels

Author

Thackeray, Stephen J., Henrys, Peter A., Hemming, Deborah, Bell, James R., Botham, Marc S., Burthe, Sarah, Helaouet, Pierre, Johns, David G., Jones, Ian D., Leech, David I., Mackay, Eleanor B., Massimino, Dario, Atkinson, Sian, Bacon, Philip J., Brereton, Tom M., Carvalho, Laurence, Clutton-Brock, Tim H., Duck, Callan, Edwards, Martin, Elliott, J. Malcolm, Hall, Stephen J.G., Harrington, Richard, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Hoye, Toke T., Kruuk, Loeske E.B., Pemberton, Josephine M., Sparks, Tim H., Thompson, Paul M., White, Ian, Winfield, Ian J., and Wanless, Sarah

Subjects
Phenetics -- Analysis, Biology -- Identification and classification, Ecosystems -- Analysis, Trophic levels -- Analysis, Climate sensitivity -- Analysis, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Differences in phenological responses to climate change among species can desynchronise ecological interactions and thereby threaten ecosystem function. To assess these threats, we must quantify the relative impact of climate change on species at different trophic levels. Here, we apply a Climate Sensitivity Profile approach to 10,003 terrestrial and aquatic phenological data sets, spatially matched to temperature and precipitation data, to quantify variation in climate sensitivity. The direction, magnitude and timing of climate sensitivity varied markedly among organisms within taxonomic and trophic groups. Despite this variability, we detected systematic variation in the direction and magnitude of phenological climate sensitivity. Secondary consumers showed consistently lower climate sensitivity than other groups. We used mid-century climate change projections to estimate that the timing of phenological events could change more for primary consumers than for species in other trophic levels (6.2 versus 2.5-2.9 days earlier on average), with substantial taxonomic variation (1.1-14.8 days earlier on average)., Numerous long-term ecological changes have been attributed to climate change (1). Shifts in the seasonal timing of recurring biological events such as reproduction and migration (that is, phenological changes) have [...]

Published
2016
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14. Integrated ecological monitoring in Wales: the Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme field survey

Author

Wood, Claire M., primary, Alison, Jamie, additional, Botham, Marc S., additional, Burden, Annette, additional, Edwards, François, additional, Garbutt, R. Angus, additional, George, Paul B. L., additional, Henrys, Peter A., additional, Hobson, Russel, additional, Jarvis, Susan, additional, Keenan, Patrick, additional, Keith, Aidan M., additional, Lebron, Inma, additional, Maskell, Lindsay C., additional, Norton, Lisa R., additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Seaton, Fiona M., additional, Scarlett, Peter, additional, Siriwardena, Gavin M., additional, Skates, James, additional, Smart, Simon M., additional, Williams, Bronwen, additional, and Emmett, Bridget A., additional

Published
2021
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18. The contribution of volunteer recorders to our understanding of biological invasions

Author

Roy, Helen E., Rorke, Steph L., Beckmann, Bjorn, Booy, Olaf, Botham, Marc S., Brown, Peter M.J., Harrower, Colin, Noble, David, Sewell, Jack, and Walker, Kevin

Subjects
Botany, Zoology, Ecology and Environment
Abstract

The process of invasion and the desire to predict the invasiveness (and associated impacts) of new arrivals has been a focus of attention for ecologists over centuries. The volunteer recording community has made unique and inspiring contributions to our understanding of invasion biology within Britain. Indeed information on non-native species (NNS) compiled within the GB Non-Native Species Information Portal (GB-NNSIP) would not have been possible without the involvement of volunteer experts from across Britain. Here we review examples of ways in which biological records have informed invasion biology. We specifically examine NNS information available within the GB-NNSIP to describe patterns in the arrival and establishment of NNS providing an overview of habitat associations of NNS in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments. Monitoring and surveillance of the subset of NNS that are considered to be adversely affecting biodiversity, society or the economy, termed invasive non-native species (INNS), is critical for early warning and rapid response. Volunteers are major contributors to monitoring and surveillance of INNS and not only provide records from across Britain but also underpin the system of verification necessary to confirm the identification of sightings. Here we describe the so-called ‘alert system’ which links volunteer experts with the wider recording community to provide early warning of INNS occurrence. We highlight the need to increase understanding of community and ecosystem-level effects of invasions and particularly understanding of ecological resilience. Detailed field observations, through biological recording, will provide the spatial, temporal and taxonomic breadth required for such research. The role of the volunteer recording community in contributing to the understanding of invasion biology has been invaluable and it is clear that their expertise and commitment will continue to be so.

Published
2015

22. Experimental evidence for optimal hedgerow cutting regimes for Brown hairstreak butterflies.

Author

Staley, Joanna T., Botham, Marc S., Amy, Sam R., Hulmes, Sarah, and Pywell, Richard F.

Subjects
*BUTTERFLIES, *WINDBREAKS, shelterbelts, etc., *AGRICULTURAL ecology, *LANDSCAPES, *FOREST management, *THECLA betulae
Abstract

Abstract: The Brown hairstreak butterfly has declined in range and abundance over the past 50 years, leading to designated conservation status in several European countries including England and Wales. The Brown hairstreak's decline has been linked to changes in hedgerow management, based on mortality of eggs over winter and female oviposition preferences. We assessed Brown hairstreak egg abundance in late winter over 4 years in response to hedgerow management treatments to manipulate the frequency, timing, and the intensity of trimming (reduced intensity resulting in an annual increase of approximately 10 cm in hedge height and width), using a field experiment with a randomised block design. Hedgerow plots cut every year to a standard height and width had the lowest Brown hairstreak egg abundance; this is the most common hedgerow management outside agri‐environment schemes (AES). Cutting hedgerow plots at a reduced intensity nearly doubled the number of surviving eggs in late winter. Plots cut at a reduced frequency in autumn (once every 3 years), which forms part of current English AES, had 1.3 times more eggs than those cut annually. Current AES management prescriptions are likely to benefit the Brown hairstreak, but its requirements need to be balanced with those of other taxa in relation to the timing of hedgerow cutting. Cutting hedges at a reduced intensity has previously been shown to benefit the wider Lepidoptera community as well as Brown hairstreak butterflies. Reduced intensity cutting does not currently form part of AES hedgerow prescriptions, but could be considered for inclusion in future schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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23. The sensitivity of breeding songbirds to changes in seasonal timing is linked to population change but cannot be directly attributed to the effects of trophic asynchrony on productivity.

Author

Franks, Samantha E., Pearce‐Higgins, James W., Atkinson, Sian, Bell, James R., Botham, Marc S., Brereton, Tom M., Harrington, Richard, and Leech, David I.

Subjects
SONGBIRDS, DEMOGRAPHIC change, CLIMATE change, PHENOLOGY, BIRD ecology, REPRODUCTION
Abstract

Abstract: A consequence of climate change has been an advance in the timing of seasonal events. Differences in the rate of advance between trophic levels may result in predators becoming mismatched with prey availability, reducing fitness and potentially driving population declines. Such “trophic asynchrony” is hypothesized to have contributed to recent population declines of long‐distance migratory birds in particular. Using spatially extensive survey data from 1983 to 2010 to estimate variation in spring phenology from 280 plant and insect species and the egg‐laying phenology of 21 British songbird species, we explored the effects of trophic asynchrony on avian population trends and potential underlying demographic mechanisms. Species which advanced their laying dates least over the last three decades, and were therefore at greatest risk of asynchrony, exhibited the most negative population trends. We expressed asynchrony as the annual variation in bird phenology relative to spring phenology, and related asynchrony to annual avian productivity. In warmer springs, birds were more asynchronous, but productivity was only marginally reduced; long‐distance migrants, short‐distance migrants and resident bird species all exhibited effects of similar magnitude. Long‐term population, but not productivity, declines were greatest among those species whose annual productivity was most greatly reduced by asynchrony. This suggests that population change is not mechanistically driven by the negative effects of asynchrony on productivity. The apparent effects of asynchrony on population trends are therefore either more likely to be strongly expressed via other demographic pathways, or alternatively, are a surrogate for species' sensitivity to other environmental pressures which are the ultimate cause of decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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30. Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels

Author

Thackeray, Stephen J., Henrys, Peter A., Hemming, Deborah, Bell, James R., Botham, Marc S., Burthe, Sarah, Helaouet, Pierre, Johns, David G., Jones, Ian D., Leech, David I., Mackay, Eleanor B., Massimino, Dario, Atkinson, Sian, Bacon, Philip J., Brereton, Tom M., Carvalho, Laurence, Clutton-Brock, Tim H., Duck, Callan, Edwards, Martin, Elliott, J. Malcolm, Hall, Stephen J. G., Harrington, Richard, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Høye, Toke T., Kruuk, Loeske E. B., Pemberton, Josephine M., Sparks, Tim H., Thompson, Paul M., White, Ian, Winfield, Ian J., and Wanless, Sarah

Abstract

Differences in phenological responses to climate change among species can desynchronise ecological interactions and thereby threaten ecosystem function. To assess these threats, we must quantify the relative impact of climate change on species at different trophic levels. Here, we apply a Climate Sensitivity Profile approach to 10,003 terrestrial and aquatic phenological data sets, spatially matched to temperature and precipitation data, to quantify variation in climate sensitivity. The direction, magnitude and timing of climate sensitivity varied markedly among organisms within taxonomic and trophic groups. Despite this variability, we detected systematic variation in the direction and magnitude of phenological climate sensitivity. Secondary consumers showed consistently lower climate sensitivity than other groups. We used mid-century climate change projections to estimate that the timing of phenological events could change more for primary consumers than for species in other trophic levels (6.2 versus 2.5–2.9 days earlier on average), with substantial taxonomic variation (1.1–14.8 days earlier on average).

Published
2017
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31. Trophic level asynchrony in rates of phenological change for marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments

Author

THACKERAY, STEPHEN J., primary, SPARKS, TIMOTHY H., additional, FREDERIKSEN, MORTEN, additional, BURTHE, SARAH, additional, BACON, PHILIP J., additional, BELL, JAMES R., additional, BOTHAM, MARC S., additional, BRERETON, TOM M., additional, BRIGHT, PAUL W., additional, CARVALHO, LAURENCE, additional, CLUTTON-BROCK, TIM, additional, DAWSON, ALISTAIR, additional, EDWARDS, MARTIN, additional, ELLIOTT, J. MALCOLM, additional, HARRINGTON, RICHARD, additional, JOHNS, DAVID, additional, JONES, IAN D., additional, JONES, JAMES T., additional, LEECH, DAVID I., additional, ROY, DAVID B., additional, SCOTT, W. ANDY, additional, SMITH, MATT, additional, SMITHERS, RICHARD J., additional, WINFIELD, IAN J., additional, and WANLESS, SARAH, additional

Published
2010
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