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5. Exploitation of Natural By-Products for the Promotion of Healthy Outcomes in Humans: Special Focus on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms and Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.

Author

Santacroce, Luigi, Bottalico, Lucrezia, Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, Castellaneta, Francesca, Gaxhja, Elona, Topi, Skender, Palmirotta, Raffaele, and Jirillo, Emilio

Subjects
WASTE recycling, CIRCULAR economy, DIETARY fiber, GUT microbiome, UNSATURATED fatty acids, GRAPES
Abstract

Daily, a lot of food is wasted, and vegetables, fruit, and cereals as well as marine products represent the major sources of unwanted by-products. The sustainability, waste recovery, and revalorization of food by-products have been proposed as the main goals of the so-called circular economy. In fact, food wastes are enriched in by-products endowed with beneficial effects on human health. Grape, olives, vegetables, and rice contain different compounds, such as polyphenols, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, vitamins, and proteins, which exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibiting pro-oxidant genes and the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kβ) pathway, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Dietary fibers act upon the gut microbiota, expanding beneficial bacteria, which contribute to healthy outcomes. Furthermore, marine foods, even including microalgae, arthropods, and wastes of fish, are rich in carotenoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and chitooligosaccharides, which afford antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection. The present review will cover the major by-products derived from food wastes, describing the mechanisms of action involved in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the modulation of the gut microbiota. The effects of some by-products have also been explored in clinical trials, while others, such as marine by-products, need more investigation for their full exploitation as bioactive compounds in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Oral microbiota in human health and disease: A perspective

Author

Santacroce, Luigi, primary, Passarelli, Pier Carmine, additional, Azzolino, Domenico, additional, Bottalico, Lucrezia, additional, Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, additional, Cazzolla, Angela Pia, additional, Colella, Marica, additional, Topi, Skender, additional, Godoy, Franklin Garcia, additional, and D’Addona, Antonio, additional

Published
2023
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7. The ancient roots of dentistry in the Mediterranean civilizations: between Etruscan and Greek traditions up to the time of imperial Rome

Author

Charitos, Ioannis A, Ballini, Andrea, Cantore, Stefania, Lo Muzio, Eleonora, Spirito, Francesca, Santacroce, Luigi, Bottalico, Lucrezia, Charitos, Ioannis A, Ballini, Andrea, Cantore, Stefania, Lo Muzio, Eleonora, Spirito, Francesca, Santacroce, Luigi, and Bottalico, Lucrezia

Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology, Surgery, Oral Surgery
Abstract

Etruscans, people living in Etruria (Umbria and Tuscany, Italy), were the first to make dentures and false teeth, from 700 BCE onwards. The aim of this study was to investigate, through archaeological and anthropological records, the Etruscans ability in dental practice to understand better Greek's influence on their medical knowledge and, subsequently, the transmission of their medical expertise to Romans. We extensively searched literature to find out references in previous studies on Etruscan medical and dental practice by using keywords such as "Etruscan medicine" and "Etruscan dentistry." We selected various historical papers, from the ancient age texts of 5th century to 2020, which best focused on the review's purpose. Etruscan civilization was influenced by Greek's culture throughout Italian colonies and later "merge" into Greek-Roman culture. Their medical practice based on a mixture of mythology, religion, and technical abilities, especially regarding metalworking. Archaeological remains show a great competence in creating dental prosthesis and in treatment of oral diseases. The results of this paper provide an evident contribution to the knowledge of Etruscan culture, still largely unknown by an anthropological point of view, and their strong relationship with the Greeks colonies, in a profitable cultural exchange.

Published
2023

16. Crosstalk between the Resident Microbiota and the Immune Cells Regulates Female Genital Tract Health.

Author

Santacroce, Luigi, Palmirotta, Raffaele, Bottalico, Lucrezia, Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, Colella, Marica, Topi, Skender, and Jirillo, Emilio

Subjects
GENITALIA, BACTERIAL vaginitis, CERVIX uteri, CHLAMYDIA trachomatis, T cells, B cells, PROBIOTICS, CELL culture
Abstract

The female genital tract (FGT) performs several functions related to reproduction, but due to its direct exposure to the external environment, it may suffer microbial infections. Both the upper (uterus and cervix) and lower (vagina) FGT are covered by an epithelium, and contain immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes) that afford a robust protection to the host. Its upper and the lower part differ in terms of Lactobacillus spp., which are dominant in the vagina. An alteration of the physiological equilibrium between the local microbiota and immune cells leads to a condition of dysbiosis which, in turn, may account for the outcome of FGT infection. Aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most frequent infections, and can lead to severe complications in reproduction and pregnancy. The use of natural products, such as probiotics, polyphenols, and lactoferrin in the course of FGT infections is an issue of current investigation. In spite of positive results, more research is needed to define the most appropriate administration, according to the type of patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Efficacy of bioactivated anticalculus toothpaste on oral health: a single-blind, parallel-group clinical study

Author

BRAUNER, Edoardo, primary, DI COSOLA, Michele, additional, AMBROSINO, Mariateresa, additional, CAZZOLLA, Angela P., additional, DIOGUARDI, Mario, additional, NOCINI, Riccardo, additional, TOPI, Skender, additional, MANCINI, Antonio, additional, MAGGIORE, Maria E., additional, SCACCO, Salvatore, additional, BOTTALICO, Lucrezia, additional, MALCANGI, Annarita, additional, and CANTORE, Stefania, additional

Published
2022
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20. Mycobacterium leprae: A historical study on the origins of leprosy and its social stigma

Author

Santacroce, Luigi, Del Prete, Raffaele, Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, and Bottalico, Lucrezia

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Infections in the History of Medicine
Abstract

This article aims to investigate about the social stigma and the prejudice of society towards the patients with leprosy, but also to understand how this infectious disease has largely influenced human lifestyle and evolution analyzing the evolution of its treatments from past empirical treatments to actual multidrug therapy (MDT). References on leprosy were extensively searched in literature using PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Springer link and Elsevier’s (EMBASE.com) databases, but also in medical, religious and archaeological books. Leprosy’s spread all around the world following human paths of migration from the African Continent to the Asian one and to Europe, instead its appearance in the New Continent is more recent. Wars, unhygienic conditions, social and health inequality created conditions for its spread since prehistorical times, and existing health disparities contributed to unequal morbidity and mortality, before its gradual decline after the Middle Ages due to the raise of other worse pandemics. Starting from Renaissance, a deeper knowledge on its pathophysiological mechanisms brought an increasingly advanced combined surgical and pharmacological treatment, but still in modern times many efforts have been made to erase its social stigma, changing its name in “Hansen’s disease” included.

Published
2021

22. Metals Biotribology and Oral Microbiota Biocorrosion Mechanisms.

Author

Contuzzi, Nicola, Casalino, Giuseppe, Boccaccio, Antonio, Ballini, Andrea, Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, Bottalico, Lucrezia, and Santacroce, Luigi

Subjects
BIODEGRADATION, BIOMATERIALS, TANTALUM alloys, ARTIFICIAL implants, TITANIUM alloys, METALS
Abstract

During the last decades, metal-based biomaterials have been extensively explored to be used as biocompatible metals for biomedical applications, owing to their superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Consequently, for long-term implanted medical devices, to assure the biomaterials' reliability, functionality, and biocompatibility, studying the various bio-tribological damage mechanisms to obtain the optimum properties is one of the most important goals. In this review, we consider the most important metal-based biomaterials such as stainless steel, alloys of titanium (Ti), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), and Nichel-Titatium (Ni-Ti), as well Magnesium (Mg) alloys and with Tantalum (Ta), emphasizing their characteristics, clinical applications, and deterioration over time. The influence of metal elements on biological safety, including significant effects of metal-based biomaterials in dentistry were discussed, considering the perspectives of surface, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, including interactions, bio-mechanisms with tissues, and oral environments. In addition, the role of the oral microbiota was explored due to its role in this erosion condition, in order to further understand the mechanism of metal-based biomaterials implanted on the microflora balance of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in an oral environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Overview of Candida albicans and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Agents and their Biomolecular Mechanisms in Promoting Oral Cancer in Pediatric Patients

Author

Muzio, Lorenzo Lo, primary, Ballini, Andrea, additional, Cantore, Stefania, additional, Bottalico, Lucrezia, additional, Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, additional, Ambrosino, Mariateresa, additional, Nocini, Riccardo, additional, Malcangi, Annarita, additional, Dioguardi, Mario, additional, Cazzolla, Angela Pia, additional, Brauner, Edoardo, additional, Santacroce, Luigi, additional, and Cosola, Michele Di, additional

Published
2021
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24. A Comparison of Manual Nylon Bristle Toothbrushes versus Thermoplastic Elastomer Toothbrushes in Terms of Cleaning Efficacy and the Biological Potential Role on Gingival Health

Author

Ballini, Andrea, primary, Di Cosola, Michele, additional, Saini, Rajiv, additional, Benincasa, Caterina, additional, Aiello, Elisabetta, additional, Marrelli, Benedetta, additional, Rajiv Saini, Sugandha, additional, Ceruso, Francesco Mattia, additional, Nocini, Riccardo, additional, Topi, Skender, additional, Bottalico, Lucrezia, additional, Pettini, Francesco, additional, and Cantore, Stefania, additional

Published
2021
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25. Stem Cells: A Historical Review about Biological, Religious, and Ethical Issues

Author

Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, Ballini, Andrea, Cantore, Stefania, Boccellino, Mariarosaria, Di Domenico, Marina, Borsani, Elisa, Nocini, Riccardo, Di Cosola, Michele, Santacroce, Luigi, and Bottalico, Lucrezia

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Stem cells can be used to replace damaged cells or regenerate organs and have broadened our knowledge of the development and progression of certain diseases. Despite significant advances in understanding stem cell biology, several problems limit their use. These problems are related not only to the growth of tumors in animal models and their rejection in transplant cases but also to ethical and social issues about the use of embryonic cells. The ethical-scientific debate on this type of cells has taken on great interest both for their application in regenerative medicine and for the potential possibilities in the field of cell and gene therapy. Different points of view often have the expression of a perception that depends on scientific goals or opportunities or on religious traditions and beliefs. Therefore, as the questions and doubts about when life begins, so do the answers for the use of these cells as therapy or otherwise. So, in addition to the origin of stem cells, there are currently some social bioethical (such as political and legislative issues) and religious dilemmas. The purpose of the study is aimed at being a narrative on the history of stem cells and the evolution of their use to date, as well as to clarify the bioethical position of the various religions today in comparison with the social ones regarding the research and use of embryonic and adult ones. Hence, their biological hypostasis regarding the concepts of “conception” and “fertilization” and their development and therapeutic use compared to those of the main theological doctrines.

Published
2021
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26. Rebalancing the Oral Microbiota as an Efficient Tool in Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders

Author

Isacco, Ciro Gargiulo, primary, Ballini, Andrea, additional, De Vito, Danila, additional, Nguyen, Kieu Cao Diem, additional, Cantore, Stefania, additional, Bottalico, Lucrezia, additional, Quagliuolo, Lucio, additional, Boccellino, Mariarosaria, additional, Di Domenico, Marina, additional, Santacroce, Luigi, additional, Arrigoni, Roberto, additional, Dipalma, Gianna, additional, and Inchingolo, Francesco, additional

Published
2021
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31. The changing society at the time of COVID-19 What Italy should learn?

Author

Santacroce, Luigi, Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, and Bottalico, Lucrezia

Subjects
COVID-19, economic policy, Italian welfare, health funding, research funding
Abstract

The first trimester of the year 2020 has been characterized by the sudden appearance and rapid widespread of a new, unknown infection. As consequence, several changes occurred in common lifestyle everywhere, with many differences based on cultural and economic structure of society in any country. We report a few considerations on the non-sanitary effects of COVID-19 in Italy and its possible projection during the time., Euro-Balkan Law and Economics Review, N. 1 (2020): Fascicolo 1

Published
2020
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33. The war against bacteria, from the past to present and beyond.

Author

Bottalico, Lucrezia, Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, Potenza, Maria Assunta, Montagnani, Monica, and Santacroce, Luigi

Abstract

The human defense against microorganisms dates back to the ancient civilizations, with attempts to use substances from vegetal, animal, or inorganic origin to fight infections. Today, the emerging threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the consequences of antibiotics inappropriate use, and the urgent need for novel effective molecules. We extensively researched on more recent data within PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Elsevier's EMBASE, Cochrane Review for the modern pharmacology in between 1987 - 2021. The historical evolution included a detailed analysis of past studies on the significance of medical applications in the ancient therapeutic field. We examined the history of antibiotics development and discovery, the most relevant biochemical aspects of their mode of action, and the biomolecular mechanisms conferring bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The list of pathogens showing low sensitivity or full resistance to most currently available antibiotics is growing worldwide. Long after the 'golden age' of antibiotic discovery, the most novel molecules should be carefully reserved to treat serious bacterial infections of susceptible bacteria. A correct diagnostic and therapeutic procedure can slow down the spreading of nosocomial and community infections sustained by multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice

Author

Charitos, Ioannis A, primary, Ballini, Andrea, additional, Bottalico, Lucrezia, additional, Cantore, Stefania, additional, Passarelli, Pier Carmine, additional, Inchingolo, Francesco, additional, D'Addona, Antonio, additional, and Santacroce, Luigi, additional

Published
2020
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37. Oral Cancer: A Historical Review

Author

Inchingolo, Francesco, primary, Santacroce, Luigi, additional, Ballini, Andrea, additional, Topi, Skender, additional, Dipalma, Gianna, additional, Haxhirexha, Kastriot, additional, Bottalico, Lucrezia, additional, and Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros, additional

Published
2020
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44. FROM HYDROTHERAPY TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA: THE HISTORICAL GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH CONCEPT.

Author

Bottalico, Lucrezia, Castellaneta, Francesca, and Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros

Abstract

Aim of the study: this review aims to deepen, in the light of current knowledge on the essential physiological functions of the gut microbiota on human health, if the so precious role of this gastrointestinal ecosystem has been identified since ancient times and what how past society supported its correct functionality. Methods: Medline - PubMed, CDC website, Scopus and WoS databases were searched to identify relevant studies on the history of gastrointestinal medicine in the past, particularly we included studies on the importance of bacterial flora on human health. Results: medical knowledge on the important benefits of the gastrointestinal bacterial flora on the whole human body dates back to very ancient times. Many evidences suggest that ancient scholars from past Asian, African and European civilizations well-understood the importance of preserving gastrointestinal ecosystem for maintaining human health, from the sophisticated drainage systems of waste water from houses and public places since today when analysing in detail functions and composition and health's advantages of the gut microbiota's correct functionality is making great strides. Conclusion: the close relationship existing between the gut microbiota and the host has always had a great attention in the course of history. The most recent discoveries in understanding mechanisms of gut microbiota underline its importance in preserving host health, that past civilizations cleverly understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

45. Probiotics Improve Urogenital Health in Women

Author

Ballini, Andrea, primary, Santacroce, Luigi, additional, Cantore, Stefania, additional, Bottalico, Lucrezia, additional, Dipalma, Gianna, additional, De Vito, Danila, additional, Saini, Rajiv, additional, and Inchingolo, Francesco, additional

Published
2018
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48. Ancient herbal therapy: A brief history of Panax ginseng

Author

Assunta Potenza, Maria, Montagnani, Monica, Santacroce, Luigi, Alexandros Charitos, Ioannis, and Bottalico, Lucrezia

Abstract

Ginseng was the most revered of the herbs in ancient times in China, Korea, Japan, America. Ginseng was discovered over 5000 years ago in the mountains of Manchuria, China. References to ginseng are found in books dating back more than two millennia. It is revered by the Chinese people as it is considered a herb for everything use and therefore for a wide range of diseases (currently its Latin name derived from the Greek panacea, meanings, that is, for everything). So, it was used exclusively by the Chinese Emperor's, and they were willing to pay the price without problems. Increasing its fame, ginseng brought a flourishing international trade that allowed Korea to supply China with silk and medicines in exchange for wild ginseng and later along with what grows in America.

Published
2022
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49. Stem Cells: A Historical Review about Biological, Religious, and Ethical Issues

Author

Andrea Ballini, Marina Di Domenico, Riccardo Nocini, Elisa Borsani, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Luigi Santacroce, Stefania Cantore, Mariarosaria Boccellino, Lucrezia Bottalico, Michele Di Cosola, Charitos, Ioannis Alexandro, Ballini, Andrea, Cantore, Stefania, Boccellino, Mariarosaria, Di Domenico, Marina, Borsani, Elisa, Nocini, Riccardo, Di Cosola, Michele, Santacroce, Luigi, and Bottalico, Lucrezia

Subjects
Ethical, Environmental ethics, Review Article, Cell Biology, Bioethics, Biological, Social issues, RC31-1245, Regenerative medicine, Embryonic stem cell, Politics, stem cells, Religious, Expression (architecture), Narrative, Stem cell, Psychology, Internal medicine, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Stem cells can be used to replace damaged cells or regenerate organs and have broadened our knowledge of the development and progression of certain diseases. Despite significant advances in understanding stem cell biology, several problems limit their use. These problems are related not only to the growth of tumors in animal models and their rejection in transplant cases but also to ethical and social issues about the use of embryonic cells. The ethical-scientific debate on this type of cells has taken on great interest both for their application in regenerative medicine and for the potential possibilities in the field of cell and gene therapy. Different points of view often have the expression of a perception that depends on scientific goals or opportunities or on religious traditions and beliefs. Therefore, as the questions and doubts about when life begins, so do the answers for the use of these cells as therapy or otherwise. So, in addition to the origin of stem cells, there are currently some social bioethical (such as political and legislative issues) and religious dilemmas. The purpose of the study is aimed at being a narrative on the history of stem cells and the evolution of their use to date, as well as to clarify the bioethical position of the various religions today in comparison with the social ones regarding the research and use of embryonic and adult ones. Hence, their biological hypostasis regarding the concepts of “conception” and “fertilization” and their development and therapeutic use compared to those of the main theological doctrines.

Published
2021

50. Rebalance the oral microbiota as efficacy tool in endocrine, metabolic, and immune disorders

Author

Ciro Gargiulo Isacco, Andrea Ballini, Danila De Vito, Kieu Cao Diem Nguyen, Stefania Cantore, Lucrezia Bottalico, Lucio Quagliuolo, Mariarosaria Boccellino, Marina Di Domenico, Luigi Santacroce, Roberto Arrigoni, Gianna Dipalma, Francesco Inchingolo, Isacco, Ciro Gargiulo, Ballini, Andrea, De Vito, Danila, Nguyen, Kieu Cao Diem, Cantore, Stefania, Bottalico, Lucrezia, Quagliuolo, Lucio, Boccellino, Mariarosaria, Di Domenico, Marina, Santacroce, Luigi, Arrigoni, Roberto, Dipalma, Gianna, and Inchingolo, Francesco

Subjects
gut dysbiosi, central nervous system (CNS) diseases, probiotics, gut dysbiosis, macrophages, oral dysbiosis, periodontal disease, central nervous system (CNS) disease, probiotic, oral dysbiosi
Abstract

The current treatment and prevention of oral disorders follow a very sectoral control and procedures considering mouth and its structures as system completely independent from the rest of the body. The main therapeutic approach is carried out on just to keep the levels of oral bacteria and hygiene in an acceptable range compatible with one-way vision of oral-mouth health completely separated from a systemic microbial homeostasis (eubiosis vs dysbiosis). This can negatively impact on the diagnosis of more complex systemic disease and its progression. Dysbiosis is consequence of oral and gut microbiota unbalance with consequences, as reported in current literature, in cardio vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. Likewise, there is the need to highlight and develop a novel philosophical approach in the treatments for oral diseases that will necessarily involve non-conventional approaches.

Published
2020

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