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We gather evidence for a conjecture of Galkin predicting the derived category of the Fano variety of lines contained in a smooth cubic fourfold to be equivalent to the Hilbert square of the Kuznetsov component of the derived category of the cubic. We prove the conjecture for generic Fano varieties admitting a rational Lagrangian fibration and show that the natural Hodge structures of weight two associated with the Fano variety and the Hilbert square are isometric., Comment: 20 pages, comments welcome

We provide a modular construction of the Laza--Sacc\`a--Voisin compactification of the intermediate Jacobian fibration of a cubic fourfold. Additionally, we construct infinitely many $20$-dimensional families of polarized hyper-K\"ahler manifolds of type OG10, realized as moduli spaces of stable bundles on hyper-K\"ahler manifolds of type $\mathrm{K3}^{[2]}$., Comment: v.2 added Lemma 3.2 for clarity and corrected typos. 52 pages

We construct a (1+1)d gapless theory which has Haagerup $\mathcal{H}_3$ symmetry. The construction relies on the recent exploration of the categorical Landau paradigm applied to fusion category symmetries. First, using the Symmetry Topological Field Theory, we construct all gapped phases with Haagerup symmetry. Extending this construction to gapless phases, we study the second order phase transition between gapped phases, and determine analytically an Haagerup-symmetric conformal field theory. This is given in terms of two copies of the three-state Potts model, on which we realise the full $\mathcal{H}_3$ symmetry action and determine the relevant deformations to the $\mathcal{H}_3$-symmetric gapped phases. This continuum analysis is corroborated by a lattice model construction of the gapped and gapless phases, using the anyon chain., Comment: 11 pages + appendices, 2 figures; v2: references added

Non-invertible categorical symmetries have emerged as a powerful tool to uncover new beyond-Landau phases of matter, both gapped and gapless, along with second order phase transitions between them. The general theory of such phases in (1+1)d has been studied using the Symmetry Topological Field Theory (SymTFT), also known as topological holography. This has unearthed the infrared (IR) structure of these phases and transitions. In this paper, we describe how the SymTFT information can be converted into an ultraviolet (UV) anyonic chain lattice model realizing, in the IR limit, these phases and transitions. In many cases, the Hilbert space of the anyonic chain is tensor product decomposable and the model can be realized as a quantum spin-chain Hamiltonian. We also describe operators acting on the lattice models that are charged under non-invertible symmetries and act as order parameters for the phases and transitions. In order to fully describe the action of non-invertible symmetries, it is crucial to understand the symmetry twisted sectors of the lattice models, which we describe in detail. Throughout the paper, we illustrate the general concepts using the symmetry category $\mathsf{Rep}(S_3)$ formed by representations of the permutation group $S_3$, but our procedure can be applied to any fusion category symmetry., Comment: 76 pages + appendices; v2: references added, v3: minor changes, v4: corrected typos

Recent years have seen the concept of global symmetry extended to non-invertible (or categorical) symmetries, for which composition of symmetry generators is not necessarily invertible. Such non-invertible symmetries lead to a generalization of the standard Landau paradigm. In this work we substantiate this framework by providing a (1+1)d lattice model, whose gapped phases and phase transitions can only be explained by symmetry breaking of non-invertible symmetries., Comment: 4.5 pages + appendices, v2: references added

We provide a generalization of the Symmetry Topological Field Theory (SymTFT) framework to characterize phase transitions and gapless phases with categorical symmetries. The central tool is the club sandwich, which extends the SymTFT setup to include an interface between two topological orders: there is a symmetry boundary, which is gapped, and a physical boundary that may be gapless, but in addition, there is also a gapped interface in the middle. The club sandwich generalizes so-called Kennedy-Tasaki (KT) transformations. Building on the results in [1, 2] on gapped phases with categorical symmetries, we construct gapless theories describing phase transitions with non-invertible symmetries by applying suitable KT transformations on known phase transitions provided by the critical Ising model and the 3-state Potts model. We also describe in detail the order parameters in these gapless theories characterizing the phase transitions, which are generally mixtures of conventional and string-type order parameters mixed together by the action of categorical symmetries. Additionally, removing the physical boundary from the club sandwiches results in club quiches, which characterize all possible gapped boundary phases with (possibly non-invertible) symmetries that can arise on the boundary of a bulk gapped phase. We also provide a mathematical characterization of gapped boundary phases with symmetries as pivotal tensor functors whose targets are pivotal multi-fusion categories., Comment: 58 pages, v2: typos fixed

We propose a unified framework to classify gapped infra-red (IR) phases with categorical symmetries, leading to a generalized, categorical Landau paradigm. This is applicable in any dimension and gives a succinct, comprehensive, and computationally powerful approach to classifying gapped symmetric phases. The key tool is the symmetry topological field theory (SymTFT), which is a one dimension higher TFT with two boundaries, which we choose both to be topological. We illustrate the general idea for (1+1)d gapped phases with categorical symmetries and suggest higher-dimensional extensions., Comment: 4 pages + supplementary material

We propose a general framework to characterize gapped infra-red (IR) phases of theories with non-invertible (or categorical) symmetries. In this paper we focus on (1+1)d gapped phases with fusion category symmetries. The approach that we propose uses the Symmetry Topological Field Theory (SymTFT) as a key input: associated to a field theory in d spacetime dimensions, the SymTFT lives in one dimension higher and admits a gapped boundary, which realizes the categorical symmetries. It also admits a second, physical, boundary, which is generically not gapped. Upon interval compactification of the SymTFT by colliding the gapped and physical boundaries, we regain the original theory. In this paper, we realize gapped symmetric phases by choosing the physical boundary to be a gapped boundary condition as well. This set-up provides computational power to determine the number of vacua, the symmetry breaking pattern, and the action of the symmetry on the vacua. The SymTFT also manifestly encodes the order parameters for these gapped phases, thus providing a generalized, categorical Landau paradigm for (1+1)d gapped phases. We find that for non-invertible symmetries the order parameters involve multiplets containing both untwisted and twisted sector local operators, and hence can be interpreted as mixtures of conventional and string order parameters. We also observe that spontaneous breaking of non-invertible symmetries can lead to vacua that are physically distinguishable: unlike the standard symmetries described by groups, non-invertible symmetries can have different actions on different vacua of an irreducible gapped phase. This leads to the presence of relative Euler terms between physically distinct vacua. We also provide a mathematical description of symmetric gapped phases as 2-functors from delooping of fusion category characterizing the symmetry to Euler completion of 2-vector spaces., Comment: 141 pages, v2: corrected an omission in the analysis of TY(Z_N) gapped phases reported by A. Antinucci, references added, v3: some charges corrected in section 7.1, v4,5: referee comments addressed and references added

These are a set of lecture notes on generalized global symmetries in quantum field theory. The focus is on invertible symmetries with a few comments regarding non-invertible symmetries. The main topics covered are the basics of higher-form symmetries and their properties including 't Hooft anomalies, gauging and spontaneous symmetry breaking. We also introduce the useful notion of symmetry topological field theories (SymTFTs). Furthermore, an introduction to higher-group symmetries describing mixings of higher-form symmetries is provided. Some advanced topics covered include the encoding of higher-form symmetries in holography and geometric engineering constructions in string theory. Throughout the text, all concepts are consistently illustrated using gauge theories as examples., Comment: 138 pages, added references

Non-invertible symmetries have by now seen numerous constructions in higher dimensional Quantum Field Theories (QFT). In this paper we provide an in depth study of gauging 0-form symmetries in the presence of non-invertible symmetries. The starting point of our analysis is a theory with $G$ 0-form symmetry, and we propose a description of sequential partial gaugings of sub-symmetries. The gauging implements the theta-symmetry defects of the companion paper [1]. The resulting network of symmetry structures related by this gauging will be called a non-invertible symmetry web. Our formulation makes direct contact with fusion 2-categories, and we uncover numerous interesting structures such as symmetry fractionalization in this categorical setting. The complete symmetry web is derived for several groups $G$, and we propose extensions to higher dimensions. The highlight of this analysis is the complete categorical symmetry web, including non-invertible symmetries, for 3d pure gauge theories with orthogonal gauge groups and its extension to arbitrary dimensions., Comment: 115 pages

We construct the first example of a stable hyperholomorphic vector bundle of rank five on every hyper-K\"ahler manifold of $\mathrm{K3}^{[2]}$-type whose deformation space is smooth of dimension ten. Its moduli space is birational to a hyper-K\"ahler manifold of type OG10. This provides evidence for the expectation that moduli spaces of sheaves on a hyper-K\"ahler could lead to new examples of hyper-K\"ahler manifolds., Comment: 36 pages. Final version, to appear in Compositio Mathematica

We sketch a procedure to capture general non-invertible symmetries of a d-dimensional quantum field theory in the data of a higher-category, which captures the local properties of topological defects associated to the symmetries. We also discuss fusions of topological defects, which involve condensations/gaugings of higher-categorical symmetries localized on the worldvolumes of topological defects. Recently some fusions of topological defects were discussed in the literature where the dimension of topological defects seems to jump under fusion. This is not possible in the standard description of higher-categories. We explain that the dimension-changing fusions are understood as higher-morphisms of the higher-category describing the symmetry. We also discuss how a 0-form sub-symmetry of a higher-categorical symmetry can be gauged and describe the higher-categorical symmetry of the theory obtained after gauging. This provides a procedure for constructing non-invertible higher-categorical symmetries starting from invertible higher-form or higher-group symmetries and gauging a 0-form symmetry. We illustrate this procedure by constructing non-invertible 2-categorical symmetries in 4d gauge theories and non-invertible 3-categorical symmetries in 5d and 6d theories. We check some of the results obtained using our approach against the results obtained using a recently proposed approach based on 't Hooft anomalies., Comment: 104 pages. v2: Removed the distinction between local and global fusion to improve clarity. Added more details on the computation of fusion rules. v3: Minor improvements

It is an interesting question whether a given infra-red duality between quantum field theories can be explained in terms of other more elementary dualities. For example recently it has been shown that mirror dualities can be obtained by iterative applications of Seiberg-like dualities. In this paper we continue this line of investigation focusing on theories with tensor matter. In such cases one can apply the idea of deconfinement, which consists of trading the tensor matter for extra gauge nodes by means of a suitable elementary duality. This gives an auxiliary dual frame which can then be manipulated with further dualizations, in an iterative procedure eventually yielding an interesting dual description of the original theory. The sequential deconfinement technique has avatars in different areas of mathematical physics, such as the study of hypergeometric and elliptic hypergeometric integral identities or of $2d$ free field correlators. We discuss various examples in the context $4d$ $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric theories, which are related to elliptic hypergeometric integrals. These include a new self-duality involving a quiver theory which exhibits a non-trivial global symmetry enhancement to $E_6$., Comment: 61 pages, 15 figures; v2: reference added, published in JHEP

In this paper we present various $4d$ $\mathcal{N}=1$ dualities involving theories obtained by gluing two $E[USp(2N)]$ blocks via the gauging of a common $USp(2N)$ symmetry with the addition of $2L$ fundamental matter chiral fields. For $L=0$ in particular the theory has a quantum deformed moduli space with chiral symmetry breaking and its index takes the form of a delta-function. We interpret it as the Identity wall which identifies the two surviving $USp(2N)$ of each $E[USp(2N)]$ block. All the dualities are derived from iterative applications of the Intriligator--Pouliot duality. This plays for us the role of the fundamental duality, from which we derive all others. We then focus on the $3d$ version of our $4d$ dualities, which now involve the $\mathcal{N}=4$ $T[SU(N)]$ quiver theory that is known to correspond to the $3d$ $S$-wall. We show how these $3d$ dualities correspond to the relations $S^2=-1$, $S^{-1}S=1$ and $T^{-1} S T=S^{-1} T S$ for the $S$ and $T$ generators of $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$. These observations lead us to conjecture that $E[USp(2N)]$ can also be interpreted as a $4d$ $S$-wall., Comment: 58 pages, 18 figures; v2: references added; v3: version published on JHEP

In these notes we review some basic facts about the LLV Lie algebra. It is a rational Lie algebra, introduced by Looijenga-Lunts and Verbitsky, acting on the rational cohomology of a compact K\"{a}hler manifold. We study its structure and describe one irreducible component of the rational cohomology in the case of a compact hyperk\"{a}hler manifold., Comment: This review was prepared in the context of the seminar organized by the ERC Synergy Grant HyperK

We give a new proof of the following theorem: moduli spaces of stable complexes on a complex projective K3 surface, with primitive Mukai vector and with respect to a generic Bridgeland stability condition, are hyperk\"{a}hler varieties of $\mathrm{K3}^{[n]}$-type of expected dimension. We use derived equivalences, deformations and wall-crossing for Bridgeland stability to reduce to the case of the Hilbert scheme of points., Comment: 37 pages, 2 figures

Maritime surveillance (MS) is of paramount importance for search and rescue operations, fishery monitoring, pollution control, law enforcement, migration monitoring, and national security policies. Since ground-based radars and automatic identification system (AIS) do not always provide a comprehensive and seamless coverage of the entire maritime domain, the use of space-based sensors is crucial to complement them. We reviewed space-based technologies for MS in the first part of this work, titled "Space-based Global Maritime Surveillance. Part I: Satellite Technologies" [1]. However, future MS systems combining multiple terrestrial and space-based sensors with additional information sources will require dedicated artificial intelligence and data fusion techniques for the processing of raw satellite images and fuse heterogeneous information. The second part of our work focuses on the most promising artificial intelligence and data fusion techniques for MS using space-based sensors., Comment: This paper has been submitted to IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine

Maritime surveillance (MS) is crucial for search and rescue operations, fishery monitoring, pollution control, law enforcement, migration monitoring, and national security policies. Since the early days of seafaring, MS has been a critical task for providing security in human coexistence. Several generations of sensors providing detailed maritime information have become available for large offshore areas in real time: maritime radar sensors in the 1950s and the automatic identification system (AIS) in the 1990s among them. However, ground-based maritime radars and AIS data do not always provide a comprehensive and seamless coverage of the entire maritime space. Therefore, the exploitation of space-based sensor technologies installed on satellites orbiting around the Earth, such as satellite AIS data, synthetic aperture radar, optical sensors, and global navigation satellite systems reflectometry, becomes crucial for MS and to complement the existing terrestrial technologies. In the first part of this work, we provide an overview of the main available space-based sensors technologies and present the advantages and limitations of each technology in the scope of MS. The second part, related to artificial intelligence, signal processing and data fusion techniques, is provided in a companion paper, titled: "Space-based Global Maritime Surveillance. Part II: Artificial Intelligence and Data Fusion Techniques" [1]., Comment: This paper has been submitted to IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine

Deep Neural Nets have hit quite a crest, But physical networks are where they must rest, And here we put them all to the test, To see which network optimization is best.