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Introduction: The incidence of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is increasing. Even if systemic docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil (DCF) provide a high rate of long-term remission, the role of pelvic chemoradiation (CRT) is unknown in this setting. We reported the safety and efficacy of local CRT in patients with synchronous metastatic SCCA who achieved objective response after upfront DCF., Methods: Patients included in Epitopes HPV01 or Epitopes HPV02 or SCARCE trials and treated with DCF followed by pelvic CRT were included. Concurrent chemotherapy was based on mitomycin (MMC) (10 mg/m² for two cycles) and fluoropyrimidine (capecitabine 825 mg/m² twice a day at each RT treatment day or two cycles of intra-venous 5FU 1000 mg/m² from day 1 to day 4). Primary endpoints were safety, local complete response rate, and local progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were PFS, overall survival (OS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS)., Results: From 2013 to 2018, 16 patients received DCF followed by a complementary pelvic CRT for advanced SCCA. Median follow-up was 42 months [range, 11-71]. All patients received the complete radiation dose. Compliance to concurrent CT was poor. Overall, 13/15 of the patients (87%) had at least one grade 1-2 acute toxicity and 11/15 of the patients (73%) had at least one grade 3-4 toxicity. There was no treatment-related death. The most frequent grade 3-4 adverse effects were neutropenia (36%), dermatitis (40%), and anitis (47%). Eleven patients (73%) had at least one chronic grade 1 or 2 toxicity. One patient had a grade 4 chronic rectitis (7%). Complete local response rate was 81% at first evaluation and 62.5% at the end of the follow-up. Median local PFS was not reached and the 3-year local PFS was 77% (95%CI 76.8-77)., Conclusions: In patients with metastatic SCCA who had a significant objective response after upfront DCF, local CRT was feasible with high complete local response rate. The good local control rate, despite interruptions due to toxicities and low CT compliance, underline the role of pelvic RT. The high rate of toxicity prompts the need to adapt CRT regimen in the metastatic setting., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Grave, Blanc, De Bari, Pernot, Boulbair, Noirclerc, Vienot, Kim, Borg and Boustani.)

Purpose: To describe the quality assurance (QA) program and early toxicities in the phase III randomized trial BONBIS (NCT00907868) on the role of a localized radiation boost in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)., Materials and Methods: From November 2008 to July 2014, 2004 patients were randomized in arm A (only whole breast radiotherapy, WBRT) and arm B (WBRT + boost). The QA program involved 44 participant centers that performed the dummy run (DR). Compliance and uniformity of clinical target volume (CTV) delineations, and dose prescription and delivery according to the BONBIS trial radiotherapy guidelines were analyzed. Acute toxicities (during and up to 3 months after radiotherapy completion, NCI-CTCAE v3.0 classification) were evaluated in 1929 patients., Results: The differences in whole breast CTV (CTV1) and planning target volume (PTV1) were ≤10%, and the differences in boost CTV (CTV2) and PTV (PTV2) were ≥20% compared with the reference DR values; 95% of the prescribed dose encompassed 98.7% and 100% of the median CTV1 and CTV2. Grade ≥2 breast erythema (38.3% vs. 22.4% of grade 2 and 5.4% vs. 2.1% of grade 3, p < 0.001), grade ≥2 dermatitis (2.8% vs. 0.7%, p < 0.001), and grade 2 hyperpigmentation (6.9% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.005) were more frequent in arm B than arm A. No acute lung or cardiac toxicity was observed. Smoking history, large breast size, and large breast CTV were strong predictive factors of grade ≥2 acute skin toxicities., Conclusions: The QA program showed deviations in breast and tumor bed delineation. The boost significantly increased acute skin toxicities., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aims: The addition of docetaxel to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) has shown promising efficacy in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA). Preliminary results of Epitopes-HPV01 study showed a high rate of long-lasting complete response to DCF. The prospective, multicenter, Epitopes-HPV02 trial then confirmed the high efficacy of the modified DCF (mDCF) regimen in terms of complete response rate and long-term survival in metastatic or non-resectable locally advanced recurrent SCCA. Here, we present updated results of the Epitopes-HPV01 and Epitopes-HPV02 studies., Patients & Methods: Epitopes-HPV01 is a prospective study performed by the regional cancer network of Franche-Comté, France. Epitopes-HPV02 is a phase II study supported by two French collaborative oncological groups, performed in 25 centers. Both studies included patients with metastatic, or with unresectable local recurrent SCCA, treated with DCF regimen., Results: In Epitopes-HPV01, 51 patients were enrolled between September 2012 and January 2019, and 49 patients were included for analysis; while 69 patients were included between September 2014 and December 2016 in Epitopes-HPV02, and 66 patients for analysis. Pooled analysis of 115 patients showed a median progression-free survival of 12.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.6-16.1] [11.0 months (9.3-16.0) in -HPV02, and 15.6 months (11.2-34.5) in -HPV01, ( p  = 0.06)]. The median overall survival was 39.2 months (26.0-109.1) [36.3 in -HPV02 (25.2-NR), and 61.1 months (21.4-120.0) in -HPV01 ( p  = 0.62)]. Objective response rate was 87.7% (90.9% in -HPV02 and 83.3% in -HPV01) with 40.3% of complete response (45.5% in -HPV02 and 33.3% in -HPV01). No differences were observed between standard DCF ( n  = 54) and mDCF ( n  = 58) in terms of OS ( p  = 0.57) and PFS ( p  = 0.99). 5-years PFS and OS rates were 24.5% and 44.4%, respectively, in the whole population. No treatment-related death was observed., Conclusion: Updated results of Epitopes-HPV01 and 02 studies, as well as the pooled analysis, confirm mDCF as a standard treatment in patients with advanced SCCA., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), 2020.)

Background: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is an option for adjuvant radiotherapy according to ASTRO and ESTRO recommendations. Among the available techniques, volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is attractive but has not been extensively studied for APBI. This study assessed its feasibility, tolerance and early oncological outcomes., Methods: We analysed the data of nine patients (median age 74 years) with ten lesions (one bilateral cancer) treated from May 2011 to July 2012 with APBI using VMAT. The radiation oncologist delineated the surgical tumour bed, and added an 18 mm isotropic margin to obtain the planning target volume (PTV). The dose was 40 Gy prescribed in 4 Gy fractions given twice a day over five days. Patients were regularly followed for toxicities and oncological outcomes., Results: Mean PTV was 100.0 cm(3) and 95 % of the PTV received a mean dose of 99.7 % of the prescribed dose. Hot spots represented 0.3 % of the PTV. 6.2 %, 1.6 % and 0.3 % of the ipsilateral lung volume received 5 Gy (V5Gy), 10 Gy (V10Gy) and 20 Gy (V20Gy), respectively. Regarding the contralateral lung, V5Gy was 0.3 %, and V10Gy and V20Gy were nil. V5Gy accounted for 3.1 % of the heart. An average 580 monitor units were delivered. No acute or late grade ≥ 2 toxicities were observed. With a median follow-up of 26 months, no relapses occurred., Conclusion: In our study, VMAT allowed optimal dosimetry with consequential high therapeutic ratio in elderly and frail patients.

In industrialized countries cervical cancer has decreased over the past decades. This, thanks to wide spread screening campaigns of precancerous lesions and microinvasive diseases through regular pap smears starting from the beginning of sexual activity. The diagnostic is realized earlier, thus increasing the rate of curability. Unfortunately, the absence of such programs in underdeveloped countries has made cervical cancer the second cause of death by cancer among the world female population. This general review treats in a non exhaustive manner epidemiology and prognostic factors and secondly exposes the therapeutic methods that has become available in recent years.