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Les émotions jouent un rôle non négligeable dans le processus d’apprentissage [1]. Le présent article a pour but d'explorer dans quelle mesure les usages des traducteurs en ligne par les lycéens sont liés aux enjeux affectifs relatifs à l’apprentissage de l’anglais en milieu institutionnel. Il s’appuie sur une étude dont l’objectif était d’observer le rôle des traducteurs en ligne dans le cadre d’activités de production écrite proposées à des lycéens en cours d’anglais. Des captures d’écran vidéo réalisées en salle multimédia ont donné à voir le processus de rédaction et plus particulièrement les recherches effectuées par les élèves. Les entretiens individuels effectués à la suite de cette séance de production écrite ont permis à 5 participants de visualiser la capture d’écran réalisée sur ordinateur et de la commenter. La méthodologie adoptée a permis une mise à distance des émotions ressenties lors de l’activité en vue d’en faciliter la verbalisation, mais le contexte interactionnel de l’entretien a également provoqué l’émergence de nouvelles émotions.

The present paper describes a proof of concept showing the ability of ultrasound time of flight measurements to complement existing temperature measurements in a laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process. To this end, two printers (a 3D Systems ProX DMP 320 and a Farsoon FS 271M) were instrumented with ultrasonic transducers, as well as with thermal cameras and thermocouples. The obtained results show that the time of flight signals can provide information that is both consistent and complementary with the data from the standard thermal camera and thermocouple systems. Such a conclusion is shown to be valid at both the macroscopic (i.e., whole fabrication) and the microscopic (individual layer melting and solidification) time scales. The present work shows that ultrasound time of flight data are a useful in situ diagnostic measurement. In addition, we discuss how it could be used for the validation of layer scale numerical models of the thermal phenomena during the printing process.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) represent a unique opportunity to model lung development and chronic bronchial diseases. We generated a hiPSC line from a highly characterized healthy heavy smoker male donor free from emphysema or tobacco related disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were reprogrammed using integration-free Sendai virus. The cell line had normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency hallmarks, and differentiated into the three primary germ layers.The reported UHOMi007-A iPSC line may be used as a control to model lung development, study human chronic bronchial diseases and drug testing.

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. Ptosis (eyelid drooping) occurs due to fatigue of the muscles for eyelid elevation and is one symptom widely used by patients and healthcare providers to track progression of the disease. Margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) is an accepted clinical measure of ptosis and is typically assessed using a hand-held ruler. In this work, we develop an AI model that enables automated measurement of MRD1 in self-recorded video clips collected using patient smartphones. Methods: A 3-month prospective observational study collected a dataset of video clips from patients with MG. Study participants were asked to perform an eyelid fatigability exercise to elicit ptosis while filming “selfie” videos on their smartphones. These images were collected in nonclinical settings, with no in-person training. The dataset was annotated by non-clinicians for (1) eye landmarks to establish ground truth MRD1 and (2) the quality of the video frames. The ground truth MRD1 (in millimeters, mm) was calculated from eye landmark annotations in the video frames using a standard conversion factor, the horizontal visible iris diameter of the human eye. To develop the model, we trained a neural network for eye landmark detection consisting of a ResNet50 backbone plus two dense layers of 78 dimensions on publicly available datasets. Only the ResNet50 backbone was used, discarding the last two layers. The embeddings from the ResNet50 were used as features for a support vector regressor (SVR) using a linear kernel, for regression to MRD1, in mm. The SVR was trained on data collected remotely from MG patients in the prospective study, split into training and development folds. The model’s performance for MRD1 estimation was evaluated on a separate test fold from the study dataset. Results: On the full test fold (N = 664 images), the correlation between the ground truth and predicted MRD1 values was strong (r = 0.732). The mean absolute error was 0.822 mm; the mean of differences was −0.256 mm; and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were −0.214–1.768 mm. Model performance showed no improvement when test data were gated to exclude “poor” quality images. Conclusions: On data generated under highly challenging real-world conditions from a variety of different smartphone devices, the model predicts MRD1 with a strong correlation (r = 0.732) between ground truth and predicted MRD1.

Grade2XL is a European project funded by the H2020 program that gathers 21 academic and industrial partners. Started in March 2020 for 4 years, the principal objective is to print extra-large structures using the WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) method with a complete control of the fabrication process. Since WAAM is a relatively new technology for printing large specimens, it is important to develop quality assurance methods that can be used during the fabrication and once the structure has been built, which is the focus of CEA List in the project. Regarding methods applied built structures, CEA List has investigated Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) for the material characterization and more specifically the evaluation of the elastic constants or more conventional ones for the inspection with phased-array ultrasonic techniques (PAUT) or eddy current (EC) for the detection of indications are implemented and optimised them for the inspection of the final structures. Concerning the development of in-line monitoring methods, CEA List has been working on laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, in order to get structural information during the printing but also detect the appearance of abnormal events and correlate them to the appearance of defects generated during the WAAM process. This proceeding presents the advantages of those methods for the inspection of extra-large structures made by WAAM and discusses the first results obtained in the framework of the project. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing, NDT, Imaging techniques, Eddy current, In-line monitoring, laser vibrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy.

Dans la perspective d’améliorer les procédés d’imagerie ultrasonore sur des assemblages soudés, les caractéristiques mécaniques effectives du matériau et leur variabilité au sein de la soudure sont une donnée nécessaire. De nombreuses techniques reposant sur l’utilisation d’ondes élastiques ultrasonores ont déjà été mises en oeuvre afin d’obtenir avec précision les constantes élastiques et ainsi d’évaluer l’anisotropie apparente de ces milieux complexes. Dans le cadre de cette étude, la Spectroscopie de Résonance Ultrasonore (RUS) a été mise en oeuvre pour caractériser des échantillons prélevés dans un « mur » fabriqué par soudage dans l’hypothèse d’un comportement élastique orthotrope, homogène à l’échelle de l’échantillon. Les fréquences de résonance mesurées ont permis de résoudre le problème inverse à l’aide de méthodes d’optimisation utilisant le gradient et d’obtenir les constantes élastiques pour chacun des échantillons. Les résultats sont comparés à ceux préalablement obtenus par l’utilisation d’une technique de mesure de vitesse de phase en ondes ultrasonores pulsées dans le cadre du projet ANR MUSCAD.

Les procédés de fabrication additive par fusion laser sur lit de poudre (FLLP) permettent aujourd’hui de fabriquer des composants métalliques à géométrie complexe, aux propriétés performantes. Parmi les différents paramètres impliqués dans le procédé, la température joue un rôle fondamental, car elle contrôle la fusion de la poudre, la solidification et la formation de la microstructure à partir du bain liquide. Différentes techniques existent pour mesurer la température à la surface d’une pièce, comme des mesures par pyromètres ou caméra infra-rouge. Cependant, le champ de température interne reste difficile à estimer par ces méthodes conventionnelles. L’objectif de nos travaux est d’étudier l’évolution du champ de température d’un objet en cours de construction, en proposant une technique de suivi in situ, basée sur la sensibilité des ondes élastiques à la température du milieu de propagation. Un dispositif expérimental a été développé afin de mesurer simultanément des temps de vol en impulsion-écho pendant l’élaboration d’une pièce cylindrique ainsi que températures à l’aide de thermocouples. Un modèle thermique par éléments finis a été développé afin de corréler les variations de temps de vol et de température observées au cours de la fabrication. Dans ce papier, la technique ultrasonore proposée ainsi que les mesures expérimentales réalisées sont exposées. Le modèle et la confrontation de ses résultats aux données expérimentales sont présentés.

This study examines regionalism and regionalization as political phenomena, with a particular focus on Central Asia. The paper addresses a simple question: How and why has regionalism in Central Asia evolved into its current form? Despite the rapid development of regional cooperation and an increase in institutional frameworks in the area, scepticism about the prospects for successful regional cooperation persists in both academic and public policy circles. At the same time, there is a strong desire among stakeholders for a firmly institutionalized regionalism. To explain the characteristics and direction of regionalism, this paper proposes an analytical framework comprising three essential but non-exhaustive elements: positionality, motivation, and functionality. By utilizing multiple empirical sources related to the region and applying them to this framework, the paper demonstrates how and why Central Asian regionalism can be defined as an externally guided regionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polo-like kinase I (Plk1) is a highly conserved seronine/threonine kinase essential in meiosis and mitosis for spindle formation and cytokinesis. Here, through temporal application of Plk1 inhibitors, we identify a new role for Plk1 in the establishment of cortical polarity essential for highly asymmetric cell divisions of oocyte meiosis. Application of Plk1 inhibitors in late metaphase I abolishes pPlk1 from spindle poles and prevents the induction of actin polymerization at the cortex through inhibition of local recruitment of Cdc42 and Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP). By contrast, an already established polar actin cortex is insensitive to Plk1 inhibitors, but if the polar cortex is first depolymerized, Plk1 inhibitors completely prevent its restoration. Thus, Plk1 is essential for establishment but not maintenance of cortical actin polarity. These findings indicate that Plk1 regulates recruitment of Cdc42 and N-Wasp to coordinate cortical polarity and asymmetric cell division.