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Grain growth and fragmentation are important processes in building up large dust aggregates in protoplanetary discs. Using a 3D two-phase (gas-dust) SPH code, we investigate the combined effects of growth and fragmentation of a multi-phase dust with different fragmentation thresholds in a time-evolving disc. We find that our fiducial disc, initially in a fragmentation regime, moves toward a pure-growth regime in a few thousands years. Timescales change as a function of the disc and dust properties. When fragmentation is efficient, it produces, in different zones of the disc, Fe/Si and rock/ice ratios different from those predicted when only pure growth is considered. Chemical fractionation and the depletion/enrichment in iron observed in some chondrites can be linked to the size-density sorting and fragmentation properties of precursor dusty grains . We suggest that aggregation of chondritic components could have occurred where/when fragmentation was not efficient if their aerodynamical sorting has to be preserved. Chondritic components would allow aerodynamical sorting in a fragmentation regime only if they have similar fragmentation properties. We find that, in the inner disc, and for the same interval of time, fragmenting dust can grow larger when compared to the size of grains predicted by pure growth. This counter-intuitive behaviour is due to the large amount of dust which piles up in a fragmenting zone followed by the rapid growth that occurs when this zone transitions to a pure growth regime. As an important consequence, dust can overcome the radial-drift barrier within a few thousands years., Comment: Accepted, MNRAS. ArXiv version, some figures compressed to fit the max allowed size

Isotope anomalies among planetary bodies provide key constraints on planetary genetics and the Solar System's dynamical evolution. However, to unlock the full potential of these anomalies for constraining the processing, mixing, and transport of material in the disk it is essential to identify the main components responsible for producing planetary-scale isotope variations, and to investigate how they relate to the isotopic heterogeneity inherited from the Solar System's parental molecular cloud. To address these issues we measured the Ti and Sr isotopic compositions of Ca,Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) from the Allende CV3 chondrite, as well as acid leachates and an insoluble residue from the Murchison CM2 chondrite, and combine these results with literature data for presolar grains, hibonites, chondrules, and bulk meteorites. Our analysis reveals that the mineral-scale nebular isotopic heterogeneity as sampled by leachates and presolar grains is largely decoupled from the planetary-scale isotope anomalies. Combining isotope anomaly data for a large number of elements reveals that the difference between non-carbonaceous (NC) and carbonaceous (CC) meteorites is the product of mixing between NC material and a nebular reservoir (termed IC) whose isotopic composition is similar to that of CAIs, but whose chemical composition is similar to bulk chondrites. In our preferred model, the distinct isotopic compositions of these two nebular reservoirs reflect an inherited heterogeneity of the solar system's parental molecular cloud core, which therefore has never been fully homogenized during collapse. Planetary-scale isotopic anomalies are thus caused by variable mixing of isotopically distinct primordial disk reservoirs, the selective processing of these reservoirs in different nebular environments, and the heterogeneous distribution of the thereby forming nebular products., Comment: Accepted for publication in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

The size and density of dust grains determine their response to gas drag in protoplanetary discs. Aerodynamical (size x density) sorting is one of the proposed mechanisms to explain the grain properties and chemical fractionation of chondrites. However, the efficiency of aerodynamical sorting and the location in the disc in which it could occur are still unknown. Although the effects of grain sizes and growth in discs have been widely studied, a simultaneous analysis including dust composition is missing. In this work we present the dynamical evolution and growth of multicomponent dust in a protoplanetary disc using a 3D, two-fluid (gas+dust) Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code. We find that the dust vertical settling is characterised by two phases: a density-driven phase which leads to a vertical chemical sorting of dust and a size-driven phase which enhances the amount of lighter material in the midplane. We also see an efficient radial chemical sorting of the dust at large scales. We find that dust particles are aerodynamically sorted in the inner disc. The disc becomes sub-solar in its Fe/Si ratio on the surface since the early stage of evolution but sub-solar Fe/Si can be also found in the outer disc-midplane at late stages. Aggregates in the disc mimic the physical and chemical properties of chondrites, suggesting that aerodynamical sorting played an important role in determining their final structure., Comment: Astroph version. MNRAS: Accepted 2017 March 30. Received 2017 March 30; in original form 2016 May 10