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The Sentinel-2 constellation consists of two units MSI-A & MSI-B, which are Earth Observation (EO) optical missions developed and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) in the framework of the Copernicus programme of the European Commission. The Copernicus Sentinel Optical Mission Performance Cluster (OPT-MPC) is responsible of the calibration, validation, and image quality of the user product. The inter-unit consistency of the radiometry measurements is critical for the mission as more Sentinel-2 platforms are planned in the future. In order to assess the validity and temporal stability of the radiometry measurements we use independent vicarious calibration methods for EO optical sensors, that are implemented in DIMITRI (Database for Imaging Multispectral Instruments and Tools for Radiometric Intercomparison) toolbox. The results of the validation show an excellent image quality and stable radiometric performance, which meets the mission requirements target. However, a small bias of 1.1% between the two sensors was observed in the VIS/NIR domain (see e.g. Alhammoud et al. 2021). Consequently, MSI-B measurements have been aligned with MSI-A by introducing a radiometric harmonisation factor on January 25th 2022 (PB04.00). Moreover, the OPT-MPC proposed to harmonize the sensors using MSI-A as reference for the new Collection 1 reprocessing campaign which is currently under preparation. This presentation provides a status of the Sentinel-2/MSI radiometric validation activities performed by the OPT-MPC. The results illustrate the expected improvement of the radiometric harmonisation between both units MSI-A & B. Furthermore, we present the results of cross-mission intercomparisons over desert PICS for MSI-A, MSI-B, OLI-1 and OLI- 2. The preliminary results show a good agreement between MSI/OLI to better than 2% while the OLI-1/OLI-2 agreement to better than 1% over VNIR bands. B. Alhammoud, C. Quang, V. Boccia and R. Q. Iannone, “Assessment of Copernicus Sentinel-2 Constellation After Five Years In-Orbit: Level-1C User-Products,” 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS, 2021, pp. 7759-7762, doi: 10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9554851

La biodiversité des zones situées au-delà de la juridiction nationale (ZAJN) fournit des services écosystémiques essentiels. Ceux-ci sont de plus en plus menacés par l’exploitation grandissante des ressources marines, le changement climatique, l’acidification des océans et la pollution. En 2017, l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies (AGNU) a ouvert des négociations pour l’élaboration d’un instrument international juridiquement contraignant sur la conservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité marine dans les ZAJN. Cet instrument sera fondé sur une série d’éléments, dont les outils de gestion par zone (OGZ ou ABMT selon leur acronyme anglais), notamment les aires marines protégées (AMP). Ce rapport propose différentes indications liminaires sur la façon dont la communauté internationale peut entreprendre des initiatives pragmatiques pour s’appuyer sur les cadres de gouvernance existants, consolider les progrès effectués dans les négociations jusqu’ici et poser les bases d’un déploiement efficace des OGZ et des AMP.

Biodiversity in the deep and distant waters of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) provide critical ecosystem services that are increasingly threatened by growing exploitation of marine resources, climate change, ocean acidification, and pollution. In 2017, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) initiated negotiations for the development of an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. This instrument will be based on a package of elements, one of which being area-based management tools (ABMTs) including marine protected areas (MPAs). This report provides some initial indications as to how the international community can make pragmatic moves to build on existing governance frameworks, consolidate progress made in the negotiations to date, and lay a foundation for the effective deployment of ABMTs and MPAs.

Este documento presenta una visión general de los mecanismos de cumplimiento (apartado 2) y explora buenas prácticas y lecciones aprendidas de los comités de aplicación y cumplimiento de varios acuerdos ambientales multilaterales, en base a una revision exhaustiva de los ensayos al respecto y las disposiciones existentes, así como de entrevistas centradas en el tema con personas expertas (apartado 3). Por último, ofrece reflexiones y opciones para el desarrollo del Tratado sobre la Biodiversidad en Alta Mar (apartado 4).

Ce document fournit un tour d’horizon des mécanismes de contrôle du respect des obligations (section 2) et examine les bonnes pratiques et les retours d’expérience des comités de mise en œuvre et de contrôle du respect des obligations au sein de plusieurs accords multilatéraux sur l’environnement (AME), en se fondant sur un examen approfondi de la documentation et des dispositions existantes, ainsi que sur des entretiens ciblés (section 3). Enfin, il propose des réflexions et des options possibles pour l’élaboration du traité BBNJ (section 4).

Le rapport conclut que les États de l’Atlantique du Sud-Est peuvent consolider le SCS dans la région en améliorant la collecte et le partage de données, en renforçant la coopération et la coordination, en harmonisant la législation et les sanctions dissuasives, en investissant dans le renforcement des capacités et en s’impliquant davantage dans les processus mondiaux et régionaux.

The report concludes that Southeast Atlantic States can strengthen MCS in the region through improving the collection and sharing of data, enhanced cooperation and coordination, the harmonization of legislation and deterrent sanctions, investing in capacity-building and through more involvement in global and regional processes.

The Radiometric Calibration Network (RadCalNet) has been established by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) Infrared and Visible Optical Sensors Subgroup (IVOS) in 2013 and is open to public since July 2018. The RadCalNet consists of four international test sites providing automated in situ measurements and estimates of propagated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance (Bouvet et al. 2019). This work based on the work of Alhammoud et al. (2019) for the Sentinel-2/MSI validation; and on the work of Jing et al. (2019) to correct the directional effect. In this study we extend Alhammoud et al. (2019) analysis over RadCalNet up to 2021, instead of 2018. In addition, we will present the results of a cross-mission intercomparison over RadCalNet sites for MSI-A, MSI-B and OLI-8 using DIMITRI-Toolbox. The results confirm the viewing angle effect in the Sentinel-2 data at the RVUS and LCFR sites. The correction of the directional effect improves the results over the ratios of the individual orbits by up to 5% -10%, while the average ratios has been improved by barely about 1%. However the intercomparison results illustrate the relevance of RadCalNet dataset for the vicarious validation activity. Alhammoud et al. Sentinel-2 Level-1 Radiometry Assessment Using Vicarious Methods from DIMITRI Toolbox and Field Measurements From RadCalNet Database. IEEE JSTAR, 2019, Vol: 12(9) Bouvet et al. RadCalNet: A Radiometric Calibration Network for Earth Observing Imagers Operating in the Visible to Shortwave Infrared Spectral Range. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 2401. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202401 Jing et al. Evaluation of RadCalNet Output Data Using Landsat 7, Landsat 8, Sentinel 2A, and Sentinel 2B Sensors. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 541.

BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) induces a repair response that ultimately generates a stable fibrotic scar. Although the scar prevents cardiac rupture, an excessive profibrotic response impairs optimal recovery.ObjectiveTo explore the regulation of fibroblasts proliferation through a paracrine action of cardiac stromal cells post-MIMethodsWe carried out a bioinformatic secretome analysis of cardiac stromal PW1+ cells isolated from normal and post-MI mouse hearts to identify novel secreted proteins. Functional assays were used to screen secreted proteins that promote fibroblast proliferation. The expressions of secreted proteins candidates were subsequently analyzed in mouse and human hearts and plasmas. The relation between levels of circulating protein candidates and adverse post-MI cardiac remodeling was examined in a cohort of 80 patients with a first ST-elevation MI and serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations.ResultsCardiac stromal PW1+ cells undergo a change in paracrine behavior post-MI and secrete factors that promote fibroblast proliferation. Among these factors, growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3), a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, was markedly upregulated in the ischemic hearts and induced fibroblast proliferation at high level. In humans, GDF3 was detected in the plasma at day 4 post-MI and GDF3 circulating levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse remodeling 6-month post-MI (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.76 [1.03 - 3.00], p = 0.037).ConclusionsOur findings define a mechanism for the pro-fibrotic action of cardiac stromal cells through secreted cardiokines, such as GDF3, a candidate marker of adverse fibrotic remodeling following MI.

Background Activated cardiac fibroblasts produce extracellular matrix proteins that accumulate during cardiac fibrosis. We have recently shown that PW1 is expressed in a subset of cardiac stromal cells and that cardiac PW1+ cells represent a cellular source of fibroblasts in the ischemic hearts. Purpose We aimed to further identify new cell surface markers expressed by cardiac PW1+ cells and to investigate their role in the fibrogenic behavior of these cells. Methods and results We first performed transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of FACS-isolated cardiac PW1+ from normal and ischemic hearts. RNA-sequencing output files were processed with bioinformatics algorithms to identify 378 specific cell-surface markers for cardiac PW1+ cells. By comparing these candidates with the proteomic profile, we then cross-identified 9 cell surface proteins primarily involved in cell motility, adhesion to the matrix, inflammatory response and response to wounding. One of these candidates (i.e., aV-integrin or CD51) was expressed in almost all cardiac PW1+ cells (93±1%), and was predominantly found in cells expressing PW1 in the myocardium. Cardiac PW1+ cells showed a predominant expression of aVβ1 complex which is known to mediate fibrosis through TGF-beta activation in a number of tissues. The transfer of isolated cardiac PW1+CD51+ cells into ischemic hearts was associated with fibrosis development. We further demonstrated that inhibition of aV-integrin in cardiac PW1+ cells reduces their profibrotic gene expression profile and their ability to differentiate into fibroblasts. Lastly, a pharmacological blockade of aV-integrin improved cardiac function and animal survival following myocardial infarction coupled with a reduced infarct size and fibrotic lesion. Conclusions These data identify a targetable pathway that regulates cardiac fibrosis in response to an ischemic injury and demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of aV-integrin leads to reduced pathological outcomes following cardiac ischemia. Acknowledgement/Funding Fondation Leducq (grant 13CVD01, CardioStemNet project), Fédération Française de Cardiologie and Era-CVD (ANR-16-ECVD-0011-03, Clarify project)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with a low 5-year survival rate, yet new immunotherapeutic modalities may offer hope for this and other intractable cancers. Here, we report that inhibitory targeting of PI3Kγ, a key macrophage lipid kinase, stimulates antitumor immune responses, leading to improved survival and responsiveness to standard-of-care chemotherapy in animal models of PDAC. PI3Kγ selectively drives immunosuppressive transcriptional programming in macrophages that inhibits adaptive immune responses and promotes tumor cell invasion and desmoplasia in PDAC. Blockade of PI3Kγ in PDAC-bearing mice reprograms tumor-associated macrophages to stimulate CD8(+) T-cell-mediated tumor suppression and to inhibit tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and desmoplasia. These data indicate the central role that macrophage PI3Kγ plays in PDAC progression and demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kγ represents a new therapeutic modality for this devastating tumor type.We report here that PI3Kγ regulates macrophage transcriptional programming, leading to T-cell suppression, desmoplasia, and metastasis in pancreas adenocarcinoma. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kγ restores antitumor immune responses and improves responsiveness to standard-of-care chemotherapy. PI3Kγ represents a new therapeutic immune target for pancreas cancer. Cancer Discov; 6(8); 870-85. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 803.

Einleitung: Die Ösophagektomie ist elementarer Bestandteil des multimodalen Therapiekonzeptes bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Ösophaguskarzinom, ist aber mit einer signifikanten perioperativen Morbidität verbunden. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Herausarbeitung einer simplen Risikoskala[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie

National audience; Plusieurs études ont rapporté l’existence de troubles du sommeil et d’altération des rythmes circadiens dans l’autisme suggérant des perturbations de la physiologie de la mélatonine, neurohormone de la glande pinéale sécrétée pendant la nuit. De plus, les résultats d’une étude que nous avons réalisée sur 49 enfants présentant un diagnostic d’autisme appariés à 88 sujets contrôles présentant un développement typique mettent en évidence des relations significatives entre la diminution anormale de l’excrétion urinaire nocturne de la mélatonine et la sévérité des troubles autistiques, notamment des troubles du langage verbal et des interactions sociales. Ces résultats viennent d’être dupliqués dans une deuxième cohorte de patients avec autisme. Les résultats suggèrent un dysfonctionnement de la glande pinéale qui pourrait jouer un rôle non seulement dans les troubles du sommeil observés chez les enfants avec autisme, mais aussi dans les mécanismes biologiques et psychopathologiques participant au syndrome autistique. Ceci ouvre des perspectives sur de possibles stratégies thérapeutiques à partir de l’administration orale de mélatonine aux patients présentant des troubles autistiques.