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2. Physicochemical characterization of leachates produced in the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Region landfill technical center and monitoring of their treatment by aeration and reverse osmosis

Author

El Jalil Mounaim Halim, Elkrauni Hind, Khamar Mohamed, Bouyahya Abdelhakim, Elhamri Hecham, Cherkaoui Essediya, and Nounah Abderrahman

Subjects
household waste, landfill technical center, leachate, biological treatment, reverse osmosis treatment, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the physicochemical characterization and monitoring of the treatment of leachate generated by the landfilling of household and similar waste in the landfill of Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Region. The analysis of the results showed a high concentration of easily biodegradable organic matter. The pollutant load is of the order of 3,850 mg/L of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), 1.260 mg/L of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and shows an average content of nitrates (NO3-=56.6 mg/L). This mineral pollution is caused by a high electrical conductivity, which reaches an average value of 15.9 mS/cm, and a low concentration of heavy metals in the raw leachate such as lead (Pb = 1.591 mg/L), copper (Cu = 1.017 mg/L), and cadmium (Cd = 0.109 mg/L). The biological treatment allows for the successive biodegradation of 40% of the BOD5, and 33% of the COD. Moreover, the reverse osmosis filtration in organic membranes achieves a reduction of 98% for BOD5, 97% for COD, 85% for lead, and 67% for copper. In this study, biological and reverse osmosis treatments represented an effective treatment for the organic and metallic leachate pollutants of this landfill.

Published
2020
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4. Unveiling the oxidative stability, phytochemical richness, and nutritional integrity of cold-pressed Linum usitatissimum oil under UV exposure

Author

Oumayma Belhoussaine, Chaimae El Kourchi, Amakhmakh Mohammed, Adil EL Yadini, Riaz Ullah, Zafar Iqbal, Khang Wen Goh, Monica Gallo, Hicham Harhar, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, and Mohamed Tabyaoui

Subjects
Stability oxidative, Flaxseed oil, Oxidative susceptibility, Tocopherols profile, Total phenolic contents, Nutritional indexes, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

This study examines the effect of UV irradiation on the oxidation stability of Linum usitatissimum oil, presenting possible changes in the phytochemical profile due to photo-oxidation. GC–MS analysis of the oils identified 11 fatty acid compounds with a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, the most important of which is α-linolenic acid (ALA), known as omega-3 (48.88 %), also significant profiles of phytosterol and tcocopherol isomers rich in β-Sitosterol and γ-tocopherols respectively. As well as physicochemical properties such as free fatty acids (FFA %), peroxide value (PV) and iodine value (IV), and nutritional indexes that determine the significant changes observed during the oxidation process, the most important of which is the progressive increase in acidity, peroxide, conjugated dienes and trienes and degrees of unsaturation over 8 h of UV exposure. High levels of carotenoids and phenolic compounds (TPC) protect and enhance oil quality in the face of irradiation, so a significantly small difference is observed between irradiated and non-irradiated oil during photo-oxidation.

Published
2024
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5. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) flour and oilcake flour: Exploring the influence of roasting and varietal differences on proximal composition, elemental profiling, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

Author

Zineb Lakhlifi El Idrissi, Asmaa Oubihi, Mohamed Ibourki, Mourad El Youssfi, Said Gharby, Chakir El Guezzane, Riaz Ullah, Zafar Iqbal, Khang Wen Goh, Monica Gallo, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Hicham Harhar, and Mohamed Tabyaoui

Subjects
Peanut flour, Oilcake flour, By-products, Phenolic content, Green products, Sustainable yield, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Peanuts are highly valued for their abundance of essential nutrients and health-promoting phenolic compounds. Peanut press cake, an inexpensive and underutilized agro-industrial by-product of oil production, is typically discarded or used as animal feed. This study investigated the influence of thermal processing and varietal disparities on the nutritional composition, phenolic content, and biological properties of peanut flour and oilcake flour, aiming to enhance their value as food ingredients. The findings showed that roasting significantly increased the oil (9.98 ± 0.11–44.13 ± 0.10 %), ash (1.28 ± 0.01–5.45 ± 0.05 %), carbohydrate contents (0.90 ± 0.01–28.09 ± 0.28 %), and energy value (406.69 ± 0.09–609.13 ± 1.08 kcal/100 g), along with the total polyphenol content (28.64 ± 0.19–62.79 ± 1.18 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (4.20 ± 0.07–18.35 ± 0.06 mg QE/g) and antioxidant activity in both peanut flour and its oilcake. Conversely, it led to a reduction in the moisture (1.48 ± 0.09–6.25 ± 0.15 %) and protein content (49.50 ± 0.05–54.24 ± 0.01 %). Notable variations were found between the two peanut varieties in terms of these nutritional parameters. Elemental analysis unveiled significant discrepancies among peanut varieties and with roasting, with potassium (12,237.56 ± 101.36–14,513.34 ± 168.62 mg/kg) emerging as the predominant macro-element followed by phosphorus (6156.86 ± 36.19–8815.22 ± 130.70 mg/kg) and magnesium (3037.92 ± 13.87–4096.44 ± 8.54 mg/kg), while zinc (53.98 ± 0.61–81.77 ± 0.44 mg/kg) predominated among the microelements. Moreover, peanut and oilcake flours demonstrated antibacterial activity against several bacteria. It can be inferred that roasted peanut and oilcake flours offer substantial nutritional value, making them promising candidates for addressing protein-energy malnutrition and serving as valuable ingredients in developing new food products.

Published
2024
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6. Green enrichment of argan oil (Argania spinosa L.) with thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) leaves: Evaluating quality and stability improvements

Author

Samira Oubannin, Abderrahim Asbbane, Khang Wen Goh, Jyoti Singh, Iqbal Zafar, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, and Said Gharby

Subjects
Argan oil, Maceration, Medicinal and aromatic plants, Oxidative stability, Rancimat, Green products, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

This study aimed to assess the impact of enriching argan oil (AO) (Argania spinosa L.) using the maceration technique with thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) leaves (TL and OL) at two proportions (5 and 10%). The oxidative stability of the control and enriched oils was examined under accelerated conditions at a temperature of 60 °C for 120 days (4 months). Quality indices (Free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), ultraviolet absoptions (K232 and K270), Rancimat test, fatty acids composition, sensory attributes, simple phenolic contents (SPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH•) were determined. As a simple, inexpensive and green method, enrichment by maceration yielded advantageous results. Compared to the control (68.05 ± 1.10 mg GAE/kg), the SPC significantly increased in enriched oils reaching notably 250.9 ± 9.1 mg GAE/kg when adding 10% of TL. Also, the enriched oil samples showed the lowest PV, p-AV and ultraviolet absorptions compared with the control. However, no noticeable changes were reported in fatty acids composition and iodine value. In terms of sensory attributes, enrichment by maceration masked the rancid odour caused by oxidation. These scientific discoveries inherently yield economic advantages by enabling the diversification of product offerings, simultaneously catering to a broader market seeking high-quality oils infused with herbs, including both AO and aromatic plants.

Published
2024
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7. Optimization of torrefaction conditions on antioxidant activity of prickly pear seeds extract using response surface methodology and chemometric analysis

Author

Chakir El Guezzane, Hamza El Moudden, Hicham Harhar, Abdelkader Zarrouk, Learn-Han Lee, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Filippo Maggi, Giovanni Caprioli, and Mohamed Tabyaoui

Subjects
Seeds, Torrefaction, Antioxidant activity, Polyphenols, Opuntia ficus-indica, Biomass, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

The prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L., Cactaceae) seeds can be used as an alternative food product by the torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a pre-treatment process of biomass into solid fuel within a temperature range of 60–200 °C. This study aimed to investigate the effect of torrefaction parameters on the antioxidant potential of prickly pear seeds, which is considered a food by-product, by using the Central Composite Design approach (CCD).The best torrefaction parameters found to have the optimal phytochemical contents were: 200 °C and 50 min with 104.86 ± 1.94 GAE/g extract for Total Phenolic Content (TPC), 200 °C and 50 min with 81.23 ± 0.90 mg QE/g extract for Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), 200 °C and 50 min with IC50 = 90.66 ± 2.09 μg/ml for free radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), 200 °C and 50 min with IC50 = 124.9 ± 4 μg/ml for radical cation total antioxidant capacity (ABTS assay). Our results demonstrated an increase of antioxidant activities with the increase of torrefaction parameters. Therefore, torrefaction has proven to be a value-added process to exploit prickly pear seed biomass and use it as a source of antioxidant food additives.

Published
2024
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8. Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-tyrosinase, and neuroprotective effects of β-ionone: in vitro and in silico analysis

Author

Jihane Touhtouh, Mustapha Laghmari, Taoufiq Benali, Tarik Aanniz, Mohamed Akhazzane, Khang Wen Goh, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Gokhan Zengin, and Khalil Hammani

Subjects
β-Ionone, Antioxidants, Enzyme activity, Antimicrobial activity, Molecular docking simulation, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

β-Ionone is a bioactive phytochemical that has been extracted from many flowers, vegetables, and fruits. β-Ionone is an intriguing lead molecule from which several derivatives have been generated and exhibiting a variety of biological effects. Here, we investigated the β-Ionones’ antioxidant, anti-cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), anti-α-amylase, anti-α-glucosidase, and anti-tyrosinase activities. The antibacterial and antifungal effects were also studied. Moreover, in silico studies using molecular docking were carried out to understand the obtained results. The antioxidant activity performed by six different assays including phosphomolybdenum, CUPRAC, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and metal chelating assay showed that β-Ionone exhibits a promising antioxidant activity. Besides, a good inhibition of AChE and BChE, as well as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase was obtained. Molecular docking evidenced that β-Ionone correctly occupied the active site of the five studied enzymes through various kind of interactions which corroborate the in vitro outcomes. Moreover, in silico ADMET assessment showed that β-Ionone presented a good ADMET profile. Gram positive bacteria, specifically S. aureus (DIZ = 25 ± 1.5 mm; MIC = 6.25 mg/mL; CMB = 6.25 mg/mL) and B. cereus (DIZ = 21.5 ± 1 mm; MIC = 0.78 mg/mL; CMB = 0.78 mg/mL), showed greater susceptibility. Regarding Gram negative ones, P. aeruginosa exhibited also marked sensitivity (DIZ = 20.33 ± 1.5 mm; MIC = 12.5 mg/mL; CMB = 12.5 mg/mL). Additionally, β-Ionone can limit the growth of C. albicans (DIZ = 23 ± 1 mm; MIC = 1.56 mg/mL; CMB = 1.56 mg/mL). A bactericidal and fungicidal efficacy could be suggested as the MBC/MIC towards all the four inhibited pathogens was equal to 1. To sum up, data suggested that β-Ionone could have potential applications as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal compound, as well as a potential inhibitor of tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterases. Furthermore, it can serve as a lead chemical in the creation of a new semisynthetic drug intended in order to treat numerous illnesses, including diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and pigmentation disorders.

Published
2024
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9. The link between BDNF and platelets in neurological disorders

Author

Nezha Bouhaddou, Meryem Mabrouk, Farah Atifi, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, and Younes Zaid

Subjects
BDNF, Platelets, Neurological disorders, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Platelets are considered one of the most important reservoirs not only of growth factors, but also of neurotrophic factors that could contribute to the repair of vascular lesions and the prevention of neurological deterioration. Among these factors, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) - a protein belonging to the neurotrophin family - is widely expressed both in the hippocampus and in platelets. Platelets constitute an important reservoir of BDNF; however, little is known about the factors modulating its release into the circulation and whether anti-platelet drugs affect this secretion. In this review, we have discussed the link between BDNF and platelets and their role in neurological disorders.

Published
2024
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10. A comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, toxicology, and pharmacological activities of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter

Author

Rania Jerada, Abdeljalil Er-Rakibi, Abha Cherkani Hassani, Hanane Benzeid, Abdelmoula El Ouardi, Hicham Harhar, Bey Hing Goh, Yoon-Yen Yow, Hooi-Leng Ser, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Brahim Mojemmi, and Anass Doukkali

Subjects
Dittrichia viscosa, Ethnomedicine, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Toxicology, Medicine
Abstract

Dittrichia viscosa is a perennial herb that has been used for generations in traditional medicine to address a variety of diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, microbial disorders, inflammatory conditions, and wound healing. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of existing knowledge on D. viscosa with regards to its botanical description, ethnomedicinal uses, and pharmacological properties. Databases such as Scopus, Wiley-Online, PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were used to select relevant articles based on their title and abstract.The reviewed studies found a strong correlation between D. viscosa's traditional uses and its observed biological effects. Pharmacological research has shown that the essential oils and extracts from D. viscosa possess a variety of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. The chemical compounds found in D. viscosa include sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids; some of these compounds, such as tometosin and inuviscolide, have been isolated and displayed promising cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity.The present review suggests that the pharmacological properties of D. viscosa align well with its ethnomedicinal uses. These findings support the traditional use of D. viscosa in treating various illnesses. Additionally, toxicological examinations of D. viscosa extracts and essential oil have demonstrated the plant's safety, which supports the need for comprehensive pharmacological studies, in vivo studies, and clinical trials to evaluate the best doses for optimal medicinal effects. This work underscores the medicinal value of D. viscosa and its potential in developing new pharmacological agents to address major health challenges like antibiotic resistance and cancers.

Published
2024
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11. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms: dietary phytosterols as guardians against cardiovascular diseases

Author

Nasreddine El Omari, Saad Bakrim, Asaad Khalid, Ashraf N. Abdalla, Mohamed A. M. Iesa, Kawtar El Kadri, Siah Ying Tang, Bey Hing Goh, and Abdelhakim Bouyahya

Subjects
Phytosterols, β-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Cardiovascular disease, Nutritional protection, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract Until recently, the main pharmaceuticals used to control cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) were statin-related drugs, known for their historical side effects. Therefore, there is growing interest in exploring alternatives, such as nutritional and dietary components, that could play a central role in CVD prevention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how natural phytosterols found in various diets combat CVDs. We begin with a description of the overall approach, then we explore in detail the different direct and indirect mechanisms that contribute to reducing cardiovascular incidents. Phytosterols, including stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, ergosterol, and fucosterol, emerge as promising molecules within nutritional systems for protection against CVDs due to their beneficial effects at different levels through direct or indirect cellular, subcellular, and molecular mechanisms. Specifically, the mentioned phytosterols exhibit the ability to diminish the generation of various radicals, including hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide. They also promote the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, while inhibiting lipid peroxidation through the activation of Nrf2 and Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathways. Additionally, they demonstrate a significant inhibitory capacity in the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus playing a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory/immune response by inhibiting the expression of proteins involved in cellular signaling pathways such as JAK3/STAT3 and NF-κB. Moreover, phytosterols play a key role in reducing cholesterol absorption and improving the lipid profile. These compounds can be used as dietary supplements or included in specific diets to aid control cholesterol levels, particularly in individuals suffering from hypercholesterolemia. Graphical Abstract

Published
2024
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14. Phytochemical characterization and nutritional value of vegetable oils from ripe berries of Schinus terebinthifolia raddi and Schinus molle L., through extraction methods

Author

Oumayma Belhoussaine, Chaimae El Kourchi, Hicham Harhar, Hamza El Moudden, Adil El Yadini, Riaz Ullah, Zafar Iqbal, Khang Wen Goh, Bey Hing Goh, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, and Mohamed Tabyaoui

Subjects
Fatty acids, Lipid quality indexes, Physicochemical properties, Schinus, Soxhlet, Sterols, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

The aims of this study are the phytochemical exploration and food valorization of Schinus molle L. (S. molle) and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (S. terebinthifolia) from the Rabat, Morocco. Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze the chemical composition of the oils extracted from both species by soxhlet and maceration. Moreover, physicochemical characteristics such as lipid quality indexes such as thrombogenic index (TI), atherogenic index (AI), oxidation susceptibility (OS), and calculated oxidability (Cox) were determined. These characteristics included percentage acidity, peroxide, saponification, iodine, specific extinction values, chlorophyll, and carotenoid pigments. As results, the oil yields varied from 7% (S. molle) to 13% (S. terebinthifolia). In addition, unsaturated fatty acids represented the major fraction for S. terebinthifolia (79%) and S. molle (81%). However, S. terebinthifolia contains more saturated fatty acids (20%) than S. molle (16%) with a predominance of linoleic acid (59.53% and 55%, C18,2), oleic acid (19.29% and 21.69%, C18,1), and palmitic acid (12.56% and 15.48%, C16,0) in S. molle and S. terebinthifolia, respectively. Moreover, the main sterols are β-sitosterol followed by campesterol and then Δ-5-avenasterol, while β-sitosterol varies according to the species and the extraction method. Results revealed also that campesterol is influenced by the extraction results in a content of 179.66 mg/kg (soxhlet) and 63.48 mg/kg (maceration) for S. molle, while S. terebinthifolia yeilds concentrations of 170 mg/kg and 138 mg/kg, then Δ-5-avenasterol, which present with (117 mg/kg and 136 mg/kg), (34 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) of the total amount of sterols for the oils extracted by soxhlet and maceration, respectively. In addition, there are favorable physicochemical properties for all oils, such as chlorophylls (0.4 to 0.8 mg/kg) and carotenoids (0.7 to 2 mg/kg). However, further investigations are needed to determine other chemical compounds of both extracts as well as to evaluate their biological and health benefits.

Published
2024
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15. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenols from Crocus sativus by-products using sunflower oil as a sustainable solvent alternative

Author

Chaimae Slimani, Chaimae Rais, Farid Mansouri, Saadia Rais, Meryem Benjelloun, Riaz Ullah, Zafar Iqbal, Khang Wen Goh, Learn-Han Lee, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, and Abderrahim Lazraq

Subjects
Crocus sativus by-products, Green extraction, Green product, Sunflower oil, Central composite design, Antioxidant potency, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

In the last decade, there's been a rising emphasis on eco-friendly solvents in industry and academia due to environmental concerns. Vegetable oils are now recognized as a practical, non-toxic option for extracting phytochemicals from herbs. This study presents a novel, green, and user-friendly method for extracting phenolic content from Crocus sativus L. waste using ultrasound. It replaces conventional organic solvents with sustainable sunflower oil, making the process eco-friendly and cost-effective. The effects of temperature (18–52 °C), ultrasonic time (5–55 min), and solid-solvent ratio (5–31 g/100 mL) were assessed by applying response surface methodology (RSM) and Central composite design. The combined impact of solid-solvent ratio, temperature, and ultrasonic time led to heightened phenolic content and antioxidant activity in the enriched oil. However, when these variables were at their maximum levels, there was a decline in these attributes. The specific conditions found to be ideal were a solid-to-liquid ratio of 26 g/100 mL, a temperature of 45 °C, and a duration of 45 min. The optimum extraction condition yielded the expected highest phenolic content (317.15 mg/ Kg), and antioxidant activity (89.34%). The enriched oil with flower saffron enabled the utilization of renewable natural ingredients, ensuring the production of a healthy extract or product. Also, enriched oils find diverse applications in areas such as food, aquaculture, and cosmetics.

Published
2024
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16. Oxidative stability and nutritional quality of stored Linum usitatissmium L. and Argania spinosa L., oil blends: Chemical compositions, properties and nutritional value

Author

Oumayma Belhoussaine, Chaimae El Kourchi, Mohamed Amakhmakh, Riaz Ullah, Zafar Iqbal, Khang Wen Goh, Monica Gallo, Hicham Harhar, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, and Mohamed Tabyaoui

Subjects
Linseed oil, Argan oil, Oxidative susceptibility, Total phenolic compounds, Nutritional indexes, Sustainable food consumption, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Identification of the chemical compositions of fatty acids and tocopherols shows the high content of linum usitatissimum oil (LO) by linolenic acid 55.3735% and γ-tocopherol 570.927 mg/kg, while argania spinosa oil (AO) is known by the dominance of oleic acid 47.77% followed by linoleic acid 31.08% as well as tocopherols by γ-tocopherols 687.485 mg/kg and δ-tocopherols 51.035 mg/kg. This difference in compositions enables us to enrich the low-stability oil and monitor its behavior during storage at a specific time and under specific conditions. In this study, pure linum usitatissimum and argania spinosa oils extracted by cold pressing as well as their formulations at proportions of (LO: AO) respectively: (80:20; 60:40, 50:50; 40:60; 20: 80) were oxidized at 60 °C for 28 days of storage, during which time the pure oils and blends were assessed for oxidative stability by studying their different fatty acid and tocopherol profiles and physicochemical characteristics such as acidity, peroxide value and chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, as well as nutritional indexes such as the atherogenic index (AI), the thrombogenic index (TI), and the hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH), ω3:ω6 ratio, also the oxidative susceptibility (OS), and oxidazability value (Cox), and total phenolic compounds (TPC).

Published
2024
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17. Antioxidant activity, physico-chemical properties, and bioactive compounds of Nigella sativa seeds and oil impacted by microwave processing technique

Author

Samira Oubannin, Si Mohamed Jadouali, Hajar Atifi, Laila Bijla, Mohamed Ibourki, Jamila Gagour, Hasna Ait Bouzid, Naima Ait Aabd, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Hicham Harhar, Khang Wen Goh, Long Chiau Ming, Pakhrur Razi, and Saïd Gharby

Subjects
Black cumin, Fatty acids, Oxidative stability, Quality indices, Food production, Agricultural production, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Strongly anti-oxidant and medicinal, Nigella sativa L (NS) is utilized in conventional medicine to address a range of illnesses, including gastrointestinal, inflammatory and rheumatic illnesses. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of microwave processing on the physico-chemical properties of Moroccan-grown Nigella sativa seeds and oils, as well as to investigate the antioxidant qualities of black cumin oils under conditions of accelerated oxidation. The study's specific goal was to ascertain the effects of varying microwave power levels (500 and 750 W) and roasting times (5, 10, and 15 min) on the black cumin oils' quality indices, fatty acid and sterol content, carotenoid and chlorophyll levels, mineral profile, tocopherol amount, and overall antioxidant activity. To this end, the seeds of black cumin were roasted at two power levels (500 and 750 W) and for three different periods (5, 10, and 15 min) in a microwave oven. The obtained results show that the duration and the processing power did not significantly influence the amount of sterols and fatty acids. In contrast, the quality indices, physico-chemical properties, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, mineral profile, and tocopherol amount were influenced by the microwave processing. A significant decline in the antioxidant activity was recorded from 45.01 ± 0.81 % (unroasted cumin seeds) to 4.32 ± 0.91 % (750 W/5 min). Based on these findings, the black cumin oil preparations should be handled carefully and the oil must be protected once extracted. The stability and preservation of antioxidants are crucial steps against pro-oxidant and inflammatory conditions that could favour cellular senescence and accelerate aging processes.

Published
2024
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18. Phytochemical characterization, antimicrobial properties and in silico modeling perspectives of Anacyclus pyrethrum essential oil

Author

Aziza El Baz, Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Naglaa S. Ashmawy, Salman Ali Khan, Emad M. Abdallah, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli, Rawaf Alenazy, Fahad M. Alshabrmi, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Naoufal El Hachlafi, Chrismawan Ardianto, Farida ifadotunnikmah, and Fouzia Hmimid

Subjects
Anacyclus pyrethrum, Bioactive compounds, Computational analysis, Drug resistance, Antibacterial activity, Molecular docking, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Medicinal plants are used widely in the treatment of various infectious diseases. One of these medical plants is Moroccan plants such as Anacyclus pyrethrum. In this study, the essential oil isolated from the leaves of Anacyclus pyrethrum (APEO) by the hydrodistillation method was analyzed using (GC/MS) analysis. A total of forty-four compounds were identified form the oil and the oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant class of compounds. The major identified compound is santolina alcohol (40.7 %), followed by germacrene-D (8.9 %). The in-vitro assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of APEO encompassed an investigation involving six microbial strains, including two Gram-positive bacteria, four Gram-negative bacteria, and three fungal strains. The findings revealed noteworthy antibacterial and antifungal properties against all examined microorganisms, with inhibitory zone diameters ranging from 25.67 ± 0.06 mm to 25.19 ± 0.03 mm for Gram-positive bacteria and from 22.34 ± 0.01 mm to 14.43 ± 0.02 mm for Gram-negative bacteria, as determined through the disc-diffusion assay. In the case of antifungal activity, inhibitory zones ranged from 24.57 ± 0.04 mm to 18.37 ± 0.06 mm. Further evaluation revealed that the MIC values of Gram-positive bacteria were at the concentration 0.25 % v/v, while MBC values ranged from 0.25 % to 1.0 % v/v. The Gram-negative bacteria exhibited MIC values spanning from 0.5 % to 2.0 % v/v, with MBC values in the range of 0.5 %–2.0 % v/v. For the fungal strains, MIC values ranged from 0.5 % to 1.0 % v/v, while the MFC consistently remained at 1.0 % for all tested fungal strains. The assessment of the MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios collectively indicates that A. pyrethrum EO possesses bactericidal and fungicidal attributes. The in silico study of bioavailability predictions for compounds in APEO based on six physicochemical properties show optimal physiochemical properties including size, lipophilicity, solubility, flexibility, and saturation. α-Pinene, limonene, germacrene D, and (E)-β-farnesene are non-polar due to their lack of polar groups, and the ADME profile indicates desirable properties for considering these compounds in drug development. Molecular docking investigation indicates that all the compounds of APEO reside well into the binding site of the DNA gyrase B enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus by mediating a number of significant interactions with the binding site residues. The ADME analysis suggested that the major compounds APEO possess desirable properties for further consideration in drug development. In light of these findings, APEO could serve as a natural source for the elaboration of new and active antimicrobial drugs.

Published
2024
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19. Exploring the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of Lavandula officinalis essential oil: In vitro and in silico insights

Author

Hamza Assaggaf, Naoufal El Hachlafi, Amine Elbouzidi, Mohamed Taibi, Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser, Hajar Bendaif, Youssra Aalilou, Ahmed Qasem, Ammar Attar, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Chrismawan Ardianto, Long Chiau Ming, Khang Wen Goh, Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim, and Hanae Naceiri Mrabti

Subjects
α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Anti-inflammatory activity, Lipoxygenase, Anti-tyrosinase, ADMET analysis, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Medicinal plants have been utilized for centuries in traditional medicine systems worldwide, providing a rich source of bioactive compounds with diverse biological activities. Lavandula officinalis, a member of the Lamiaceae family, has been recognized for its multifaceted pharmacological activities. In this current investigation, our primary objective was to scrutinize the in vitro inhibitory potential of L. officinalis essential oil (LOEO) against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, with the aim of understanding its antidiabetic effects. Additionally, the assay encompassed tyrosinase and lipoxygenase (LOX) to assess its anti-inflammatory attributes. Unraveling the underlying molecular mechanisms of these activities prompted an in-silico study. The purpose was to establish correlations between in-vitro observations and computational insights derived from molecular docking, which forecasts the interaction of LOEO molecules with their respective targets, alongside ADMET prediction. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis allow to identify eighteen compounds, with the dominance of L−camphor (43.12 %), 1,8−cineole (34.27 %) and borneol (8.60 %) in LOEO. The antidiabetic evaluation revealed that LOEO exhibited noteworthy inhibitory activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, displaying IC50 values of 3.14 ± 0.05 mg/mL and 2.07 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. The subsequent in-silico study highlighted the particularly strong binding affinity of (E)-Farnesene, with a binding score of −7.4 kcal/mol for alpha-glucosidase, while Germacrene D displayed the highest affinity among the ligands (−7.9 kcal/mol) for the alpha-amylase target. Furthermore, the investigation into in vitro anti-inflammatory activity unveiled LOEO efficacy against tyrosinase (IC50 = 42.74 μg/mL) and LOX (IC50 = 11.58 ± 0.07 μg/mL). The in-silico analysis echoed these findings, indicating α-Cadinene's notable binding affinity of 6 kcal/mol with tyrosinase and α-Cedrene's binding score of −6.5 kcal/mol for LOX. Impressively, for both COX-1 and COX-2, α-Cedrene exhibited significant binding affinities of −7.6 and −7.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The convergence between the in vitro and in silico outcomes underscores the potential of LOEO and its constituent compounds as potent inhibitors targeting both diabetes and the inflammatory processes.

Published
2024
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35. Design of three-component essential oil extract mixture from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Carum carvi, and Acorus calamus with enhanced antioxidant activity

Author

Hamza Assaggaf, Mohamed Jeddi, Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Amine Ez-zoubi, Ahmed Qasem, Ammar Attar, Bey Hing Goh, Sang Loon Tan, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Khang Wen Goh, and Naoufal El Hachlafi

Subjects
Essential oils, Experimental mixture design, Desirability function, DPPH, ABTS, Antioxidant, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The development of novel antioxidant compounds with high efficacy and low toxicity is of utmost importance in the medicine and food industries. Moreover, with increasing concerns about the safety of synthetic components, scientists are beginning to search for natural sources of antioxidants, especially essential oils (EOs). The combination of EOs may produce a higher scavenging profile than a single oil due to better chemical diversity in the mixture. Therefore, this exploratory study aims to assess the antioxidant activity of three EOs extracted from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Carum carvi, and Acorus calamus in individual and combined forms using the augmented-simplex design methodology. The in vitro antioxidant assays were performed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging approaches. The results of the Chromatography Gas-Mass spectrometry (CG-MS) characterization showed that citral (29.62%) and niral (27.32%) are the main components for C. flexuosus, while d-carvone (62.09%) and d-limonene (29.58%) are the most dominant substances in C. carvi. By contrast, β-asarone (69.11%) was identified as the principal component of A. calamus (30.2%). The individual EO exhibits variable scavenging activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals. These effects were enhanced through the mixture of the three EOs. The optimal antioxidant formulation consisted of 20% C. flexuosus, 53% C. carvi, and 27% A. calamus for DPPHIC50. Whereas 17% C. flexuosus, 43% C. carvi, and 40% A. calamus is the best combination leading to the highest scavenging activity against ABTS radical. These findings suggest a new research avenue for EOs combinations to be developed as novel natural formulations useful in food and biopharmaceutical products.

Published
2024
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40. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Feigin, Valery L, Abate, Melsew Dagne, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdelkader, Atef, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdi, Parsa, Abdollahi, Arash, Abdoun, Meriem, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Abhilash, E S, Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola, Abiodun, Olumide, Abo Kasem, Rahim, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abouzid, Mohamed, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abtahi, Dariush, Abu Rumeileh, Samir, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abualruz, Hasan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abukhadijah, Hana J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Adane, Denberu Eshetie, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adhikari, Kishor, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Afify, Abdelrahman Yousry, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afrashteh, Fatemeh, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Akara, Essona Matatom, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akrami, Ashley E, Al Awaidy, Salah, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Al Qadire, Mohammad, Al Ta'ani, Omar, Al-Ajlouni, Yazan, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Aldossary, Mohammed S, Alemohammad, Seyedeh Yasaman, Al-Fatly, Bassam, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji, Alharrasi, Maryam, Ali, Abid, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Ali, Waad, Al-Ibraheem, Akram, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almahmeed, Wael, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Alonso, Jordi, Alqahtani, Jaber S, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M Mohammad, Alrawashdeh, Ahmad, Alsabri, Mohammed A, Alshahrani, Najim Z, Altaany, Zaid, Altaf, Awais, Al-Tammemi, Alaa B, Altwalbeh, Diala, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alwafi, Hassan, Al-Wardat, Mohammad, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Hany, Aly, Safwat, Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim, Alzoubi, Karem H, Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan, Amani, Reza, Amegbor, Prince M, Amera, Tewodros Getnet, Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Amindarolzarbi, Alireza, Amiri, Sohrab, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Angappan, Dhanalakshmi, Anil, Abhishek, Ansari, Mohammed Tahir Tahir, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Ansong, Rockson, Anvari, Saeid, Anwar, Saleha, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace, Appiah, Francis, Aqeel, Muhammad, Arabloo, Jalal, Arabzadeh Bahri, Razman, Arafat, Mosab, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Ardekani, Ali, Areda, Demelash, Aregawi, Brhane Berhe, Aregu, Getnet Mesfin, Aremu, Olatunde, Arifin, Hidayat, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artamonov, Anton A, Arulappan, Judie, Aryal, Umesh Raj, Aryan, Zahra, Asbeutah, Akram M, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse, Ashraf, Tahira, Aslani, Armin, Asmerom, Haftu Asmerom, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atorkey, Prince, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atreya, Alok, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avan, Abolfazl, Awad, Hamzeh, Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu, Ayana, Lemessa Assefa A, Aychiluhm, Setognal Birara, Aynalem, Amdehiwot A, Aynalem, Zewdu Bishaw, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azami, Hiva, Aziz, Shahkaar, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Babu, Abraham Samuel, Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah, Bahramian, Saeed, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Bako, Abdulaziz T, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Bam, Kiran, Banach, Maciej, Banakar, Morteza, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Banik, Palash Chandra, Bansal, Kannu, Bao, Yanping, Barboza, 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Simiao, Chi, Gerald, Chichagi, Fatemeh, Chimoriya, Ritesh, Ching, Patrick R, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Cho, So Mi Jemma, Choi, Dong-Woo, Chong, Bryan, Chong, Chean Lin, Chopra, Hitesh, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Choudhary, Rahul, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cindi, Zinhle, Cioffi, Iolanda, Cogen, Rebecca M, Columbus, Alyssa, Costanzo, Simona, Couto, Rosa A S, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natalia, Cuadra-Hernández, Silvia Magali, da Silva, Alanna Gomes, Dadana, Sriharsha, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Dalal, Koustuv, Dalli, Lachlan L, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Das, Saswati, Dashti, Mohsen, Dashtkoohi, Mohadese, Dashtkoohi, Mohammad, Dastmardi, Maedeh, Davletov, Kairat, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, DeAngelo, Sean, Debele, Aklilu Tamire, Debopadhaya, Shayom, Delgado-Enciso, Ivan, Demessa, Berecha Hundessa, Demetriades, Andreas K, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervišević, Emina, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw, Desta, Fikreab, Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Devegowda, Devananda, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dhane, Amol S, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhulipala, Vishal R, Diaz, Michael J, Diress, Mengistie, Dodangeh, Milad, Doegah, Phidelia Theresa, Dohare, Sushil, Doheim, Mohamed Fahmy, Dokova, Klara Georgieva, Dongarwar, Deepa, D'Oria, Mario, Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai, Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai, Douiri, Abdel, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dsouza, Viola Savy, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Ekholuenetale, Michael, El Bayoumy, Ibrahim Farahat, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Elbarazi, Iffat, El-Dahiyat, Faris, Elgendy, Islam Y, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Elmoselhi, Adel B, Eltaha, Chadi, Emeto, Theophilus I, Esezobor, Christopher Imokhuede, Esfandiari, Negin, Esmaeili, Zahra, Esposito, Francesco, Etoom, Mohammad, Fabin, Natalia, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fagbule, Omotayo Francis, Faghani, Shahriar, Fahim, Ayesha, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Falzone, Luca, Fareed, Mohammad, Fares, Jawad, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Farjoud Kouhanjani, Mohsen, Faro, Andre, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Fazeli, Patrick, Fazylov, Timur, Feizkhah, Alireza, Fekadu, Ginenus, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferreira, Nuno, Fetensa, Getahun, Feyisa, Bikila Regassa, Fischer, Florian, Flor, Luisa S, Foley, Kristen Marie, Fonseca, Ana Catarina, Foroumadi, Roham, Foroutan, Behzad, Fortuna, Daniela, Foschi, Matteo, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fridayani, Ni Kadek Yuni, G, Sridevi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Galali, Yaseen, Gallus, Silvano, Gandhi, Aravind P, Ganesan, Balasankar, Gasevic, Danijela, Gautam, Prem, Gautam, Rupesh K, Gebregergis, Miglas Welay, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebrekidan, Kebre Gebrekirstos, 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Raja, Iqhrammullah, Muhammad, Iradukunda, Arnaud, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Md Rabiul, Ismail, Faisal, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Iwu, Chidozie Declan CD, J, Vinothini, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacob, Louis, Jafarzadeh, Abdollah, Jahrami, Haitham, Jain, Akhil, Jain, Nityanand, Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Jaiswal, Abhishek, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Reza, Janakiraman, Balamurugan, Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeganathan, Jayakumar, Jegnie, Mihretu, Jema, Alelign Tasew, Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh, Jeyakumar, Angeline, Jha, Anil K, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Ji, Zixiang, Jiang, Heng, Jin, Shuai, Jin, Yingzhao, Jokar, Mohammad, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tamas, Jose, Jobinse, Joseph, Nitin, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Md Awal, Kabir, Zubair, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalra, Sanjay, Kamal, Vineet Kumar, Kamireddy, Arun, Kan, Haidong, Kanaan, Mona, Kandel, Himal, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kantar, Rami S, Kapoor, Neeti, Karakasis, Paschalis, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karch, André, Karimi, Hanie, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Yeganeh, Karimi Behnagh, Arman, Karki, Prabin, Kasraei, Hengameh, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kaur, Harkiran, Kaydi, Neda, Kayode, Gbenga A, Kazemi, Foad, Kazemian, Sina, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khaing, Inn Kynn, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalaji, Amirmohammad, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Anees Ahmed, Khan, Asaduzzaman, Khan, Fayaz, Khan, M Nuruzzaman, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Mohammad Jobair, Khan, Moien AB, Khan, Yusra H, Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh, Khatab, Khaled, Khatatbeh, Haitham, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khateri, Sorour, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Khokhar, Manoj, Khosla, Atulya Aman, Khosravi, Majid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kian, Saeid, Kim, Kwanghyun, Kim, Min Seo, 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2024
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48. Nutritional profile, LC-PDA/ESI-MS analysis, antioxidant, and anti-enzymatic activities of hydromethanolic extracts of three Ficus carica varieties from Moroccan Pre-Rif-Taza

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Benali, Taoufiq, Abdnim, Rhizlan, Khabbach, Abdelmajid, El Hachlafi, Naoufal, Kachmar, Mohamed Reda, Bouyahya, Abdelhakim, Bnouham, Mohamed, Gharby, Said, Lakhdar, Fatima, Bouymajane, Aziz, Vinci, Roberto Laganà, Cacciola, Francesco, Lee, Learn-Han, Louahlia, Said, and Hammani, Khalil

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2024
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