Search

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a human procarcinogen known to be activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and 3A4. In a previous study AFB1 caused chromosomal rearrangement in a yeast strain genetically engineered for stably expressing human CYP1B1. Yet, further verification of the effect of AFB1 in human cells, a potential role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and CYP1B1-catalyzed AFB1 metabolism remain unidentified. In this study, a human hepatocyte (L-02) line and a human lymphoblastoid (TK6) cell line were genetically engineered for the expression of human CYP1B1, producing L-02-hCYP1B1 and TK6-hCYP1B1, respectively. They were exposed to AFB1 and analyzed for the formation of micronucleus and elevation of γ-H2AX (indicating double-strand DNA breaks); the metabolites formed by CYP1B1 from AFB1 after incubation of AFB1 with human CYP1B1 isoenzyme microsomes were determined by LC-MS. The results showed significantly more potent induction of micronucleus by AFB1 in L-02-hCYP1B1 and TK6-hCYP1B1 than in the parental (L-02 and TK6) cells, and the effects were reduced by (E)- 2,3',4,5'-tetramethoxystilbene, a specific CYP1B1 inhibitor. In the AFB1- CYP1B1 microsomes incubations AFM1, a known stable metabolite of AFB1, was detected. Moreover, in L-02 and TK6 cells, AFB1 apparently increased the protein levels of AhR, ANRT and CYP1B1, and caused the nuclear translocation of AhR and ARNT, the latter effect being blocked by BAY-218 (an inhibitor of AhR). In conclusion, this study indicates that human CYP1B1 is capable of metabolically activating AFB1 through the AhR signaling pathway.

Small satellites have gradually become an important mean of space scientific exploration. The Tsinghua University developed a spherical small satellite, Q-SAT, which is aimed at detecting the Earth gravity and atmosphere parameters. In the current paper, thermal control for Q-SAT is discussed. For heat exchange between the satellite and the environment, radiation plays the main part. Different from traditional cuboid satellites, the current spherical satellite has no individual heat input and output plane which brings challenges to the thermal design of the satellite. In addition, the cost of small satellites is required to be as low as possible. A passive thermal control solution based on integrated spherical structure is employed on the Q-SAT. The combination of two integrated hemispheres is designed to facilitate the heat conduction. Different materials are utilized to control the heat transfer path. Firstly, a set of numerical simulations demonstrate that the current design can be well adapted to complex flight environment. Next, the thermal design is verified by thermal tests. As the traditional heat radiation lamps cannot meet the test requirements of the spherical satellite, an external heat flow test method which is based on distributed heaters is proposed. Results from numerical simulations agree well with the experimental test results. Both results show that the thermal system can guarantee the functions of the satellite. Q-SAT was successfully launched into orbit on August 6, 2020. The telemetry data from Q-SAT verified the effectiveness of the satellite thermal system. The thermal design and test method proposed in present paper can potentially be adopted to other small scientific satellites as well.

Tūhua/Mayor Island is located approximately 45 km off the NE coast of the North Island of New Zealand. This island was formed by various explosive and effusive volcanic eruptions commonly influenced by magma–water interaction eruption events occurring since the Pleistocene. The wider area of the SW Pacific contains numerous volcanic islands with a similar type of volcanic evolution. Tūhua/Mayor Island should be studied in more detail to understand the underlying volcanic mechanisms and apply this research to other volcanic islands in the SW Pacific. Mayor Island, also known by its indigenous Māori name Tūhua (obsidian in Māori), provides an ideal site for studying current volcanism. The present day island was formed around 150 ka ago and contains several rhyolitic lava-flows from different time periods, pyroclastic-flow deposits generated by small-volume localized eruptions and ignimbrite deposited by large explosive eruptions. Our research utilized a qualitative–quantitative assessment of geodiversity estimates to highlight possible geosites for the collection of precise information about the geological evolution of this area, demonstrating the potential of geoeducational sites. The term geodiversity recognizes geological and geomorphological elements, which have shaped the Earth's surface and underly our abiotic environment. Additionally, volcanic heritage was included in our equation, specifically tailored for Tūhua/Mayor Island and based on expert views (qualitative model). This model allows for a wider diversity for the area of research compared with the original method, which utilized only geological elements. The results show that areas with pyroclastic deposits exposed on the cliffs and in the centre of the collapse caldera should be considered for the further study for geosite planning.

Ti/Al/Mg laminated composites were successfully fabricated by hot roll bonding. The effects of the rolling reduction on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the composites were explored. The results show that Ti/Al/Mg laminated sheets exhibit good interfacial bonding. The rolling reduction has a significant effect on the deformation inhomogeneity through the thickness of the Al layer. The initial grains of the Al layer near the Ti/Al interface are fragmented into fine equiaxed grains, and the grains at the center and near the Al/Mg interface are elongated. The R-cube shear texture of the Al layer forms near the Ti/Al interface and permeates into the center layer in the samples with greater rolling reductions. The β-fiber rolling texture of the Al layer is observed near the Al/Mg interface and increases with the increase of rolling reduction. The stress–strain curves indicate that the fracture appears first in the Mg layer. With the increasing rolling reduction, the ultimate tensile and yield strength values increase, and the elongation up to the Mg layer fracture decreases.

In this study, Ti6Al4V/AA6061 clad sheets were successfully obtained via hot roll bonding. The effects of annealing on the interface microstructures and mechanical properties of the clad sheets were investigated. The interface microstructures were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the clad sheets. The results demonstrated that the TiAl3 phase formed in the Ti/Al interface when the annealed temperature was above 550 °C. The Al atoms were the dominant diffusing atoms through the TiAl3 layer and reacted with Ti atoms at the Ti/TiAl3 interface. A thin layer including MgAl2O4 and unreacted Al was observed in the TiAl3 zone near the Al side. The thickness growth of the TiAl3 layer was dominated by linear growth. After annealing treatment, the tensile strength of the clad sheets initially decreased from the as-rolled to 400 °C annealed samples, subsequently increased with annealing temperature from 400−550 °C, and then finally decreased. The strength of the clad sheets was in good agreement with the calculated value from the rule of mixture. The ductility increased with increasing annealing temperature, reaching its maximum value at 550 °C, and then subsequently decreased at 600 °C.

A novel microalloyed Mg–3Al–0.5Mn–0.5Sr (AMJ300) alloy was designed and prepared. Then the original structure of as-cast alloy was optimized by hot extrusion. The influence of extrusion on microstructure, corrosion and tensile properties of as-cast AMJ300 alloy were studied by OM, SEM, EDS, XRD, TEM, electrochemical workstation and tensile tests. The results indicated that α-Mg, Al8Mn5 and Al4Sr phases constitute the AMJ300 alloy. Furthermore, the microstructure of alloy was further refined after extrusion, which indicates that the microstructural evolution during extrusion was governed by dynamic recrystallization. The fine and close of structure and the morphology change of intermetallic compounds greatly improved the corrosion resistance of AMJ300 alloy. The results of corrosion rate, corrosion current and corrosion morphology showed that the corrosion resistance of as-cast alloy could be significantly improved by extrusion. The main corrosion products of AMJ300 alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was Mg(OH)2. After extrusion, the tensile properties of AMJ300 alloy was significantly improved. The tensile strength reached 349 MPa, the yield strength reached 229 MPa, and the elongation reached 13.2%. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation increased by 218.1%, 248.9% and 173.7% respectively

Surface Fe with low-coordination plays a decisive role in the performance of OER catalysts in basic media, however, it is still a huge challenge to construct a Fe-enriched surface. Herein, a novel S-incorporation and ligand anchoring strategy is reported for in-situ synthesis of surface-Fe enriched OER catalysts. During the OER test, the co-etching of S elements and ligands enables the formation of surface-Fe enriched trimetallic (oxy)hydroxide OER catalysts. Benefiting from the high catalytic activity of Fe enriched species on surface, the electrode delivers an ultralow overpotential of 234 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm

Recent deep learning based methods have achieved impressive performance on paraphrase identification (PI), a fundamental NLP task, judging whether two sentences are semantically equivalent or not. However, their success heavily relies on massive labeled samples, which are time-consuming and expensive to obtain. To alleviate this problem, this study explores the effect of word alignment information (WAI), extracted by existing monolingual alignment tools, on deep PI baseline models. Apart from directly encoding WAI into fixed-size embeddings, we propose a novel auxiliary task so that the baselines can be pre-trained using a large amount of unlabeled in-domain data. Moreover, our proposed auxiliary task can also jointly train with the baselines, aiming to eliminate the overheads of preprocessing WAI at the test period. Experimental results verify that our methods can significantly outperform the deep PI baseline model.

The impact of strain path on microstructure and mechanical properties in AA1100/AA7075 laminated metal composite was investigated in present work. The results indicate that the plastic instabilities occurred in the hard layer can be inhibited effectively and the mechanical properties of the composite were improved obviously after the cross rolling (CR) process. The formation of continuous and straight interface was attributed to the difference in flow properties between the constituent layers was decreased after CR process. It is found that the strain path change during CR results in the typical rolling texture is shifted from the ideal Brass (110) along the α -fiber to the near ND-rotated Brass (011) component, promoting a better mechanical isotropy of the AA1100/AA7075 laminated metal composite. In addition, the Al/Al alloy laminated metal composite with continuous layer structure exhibits better load-bearing capacity in hard layers than the wave layer structure during deformation, which is a main reason for increasing of the strength.

Aluminum alloy AA1100/AA7075 laminated plates were fabricated from accumulative roll bonding and subsequent cold rolling process. Interface of the Al/Al were carefully characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of the laminated plates were measured by tensile test. Experimental results showing the critical strain of the onset of plastic instability was acquired with increasing reduction in thickness during cold rolling. It was observed that 7075Al layers were necked and fractured as cold rolling reduction was increased, and the final structure consists of a higher volume fraction of lenticular fragments of the hard phase in 75% reduction. The tensile results demonstrated the fracture phenomenon had a deleterious effect on the strength of laminated plate. Finite element (FEM) analysis of deformation of aluminum composites was carried in order to gain insight into the interface evolution during cold rolling process. It is argued that plastic instabilities were derived from shearing regions with preferential local deformation introduced by the difference in flow properties between the constituent metals.

Commercial pure titanium plates with different grain orientations were successfully bonded to carbon steel plates by diffusion bonding. The Ti/steel interfaces were carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that TiC was generated at the Ti/steel interface during the diffusion bonding process. The thickness of the TiC layer increased with increasing diffusion temperature and holding time. Furthermore, the orientation of the Ti grains influenced the activation energy for the growth of TiC and affected the thickness of the TiC layer at the Ti/steel interface. The anisotropic growth of the TiC layer was explained by the interstitial diffusion mechanism of C atom in α-Ti. Moreover, the TiC layer acted as a barrier layer at Ti/steel interface, inhibiting the diffusion of Fe atoms into α-Ti. An increased diffusion temperature reduced this barrier effect, leading to the formation of FeTi and Fe2Ti at TiC/Ti interface.

In this study, novel Gd/TiO2@rGO (GTR) nanocomposites with high photocatalytic performance were fabricated via a one-pot solvothermal approach. During the preparation step, graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and subsequently, on the surfaces of which anatase TiO2 doped with Gd metal was grown in situ with a 3D petal-like structure. Gd doping into the classical TiO2@rGO system efficiently expands the absorption range of light, improves the separation of photogenerated electrons, and increases the photocatalytic reaction sites. The specific surface areas, morphological structures, and valence and conduction bands of the obtained GTR nanocomposites were analyzed and correlated with their enhanced photocatalytic performances for the degradation of an aqueous RhB solution. The experimental results indicated that the best performance was achieved with the 3% GTR composite, which exhibited the highest photoelectrocatalytic activity because of two aspects: the rapid separation of electrons and holes, and improvement in adsorption capacity. As compared with pure TiO2, the GTR composites demonstrated enhanced photoactivity due to synergetic effects between the effective photo-induced electron transfer from TiO2 to the surface of the rGO acceptor through interfacial interactions and the variation of structure and electrons under the adoption of Gd.

Developing high-efficiency electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) in alkaline electrolytes is of critical importance for realizing renewable hydrogen technologies. Ruthenium phosphides (RuP

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between breast density, age, and mammographic lesion type among Chinese breast cancer patients included in a large clinical dataset. Methods A review of mammographic images acquired between July 2014 and June 2017 from a total of 9716 retrospectively registered breast cancer patients was conducted. Mammographic breast density was defined according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR BI-RADS) 4-class density rating. Mammographic lesion types were defined according to the ACR BI-RADS, including mass, mass with calcifications, calcifications, architectural distortion/asymmetries, and architectural distortion/asymmetries with calcifications. Three experienced breast radiologists interpreted all mammograms. The chi-square (χ2) test and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between breast density, age, and mammographic lesion type. Results A significant inverse relationship was observed between the BI-RADS breast density rating given by radiologists and patient age (r = − 0.521, p p p Conclusions In general, we identified a relationship between patient breast density, age, and mammographic lesion type. This finding may provide a basis for clinical diagnoses and support development of breast cancer screening programs in China.

BackgroundThe coiled-coil domain containing (CCDC) family proteins have important biological functions in various diseases. However, the coiled-coil domain containing 137 (CCDC137) was rarely studied. We aim to investigate the role of CCDC137 in pan-cancer.MethodsCCDC137 expression was evaluated in RNA sequence expression profilers of pan-cancer and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. The influence of CCDC137 on the prognosis of tumor patients was analyzed using clinical survival data from TCGA. Function and pathway enrichment analysis was performed to explore the role of CCDC137 using the R package “clusterProfiler.” We further analyzed the correlation of immune cell infiltration score of TCGA samples and CCDC137 expression using TIMER2 online database.ResultsCCDC137 was over-expressed and associated with worse survival status in various tumor types. CCDC137 expression was positively correlated with tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) and Uveal Melanoma (UVM). In addition, high CCDC137 expression was positively correlated with most immunosuppressive genes, including TGFB1, PD-L1, and IL10RB in LGG and UVM.ConclusionsOur study identified CCDC137 as an oncogene and predictor of worse survival in most tumor types. High CCDC137 may contribute to elevated infiltration of TAMs and CAFs and be associated with tumor immunosuppressive status.

In this paper, we study the effect of label noise on deep learning models for paraphrase identification. Curriculum learning, a learning paradigm that learns easy samples first and then gradually proceeds with hard ones, has shown excellent results in dealing with label noise for deep neural networks (DNNs). However, most previous studies focus on image classification, and design their curriculum only based on training losses of samples, ignoring domain-specific knowledge. In this paper, we propose a predefined curriculum learning based framework, incorporating both training losses of samples and domain-specific knowledge, to train robust deep models for paraphrase identification (PI) with label noise. Through extensive experiments on two popular PI benchmarks, we show that 1) the performance of the deep paraphrase identification model can drop sharply at the case of severe label noise; 2) our approach can significantly improve generalization performance of deep networks trained on corrupted data especially at extremely high levels of label noise; 3) our method can outperform several state-of-the-art label corruption robust methods.

We prepared a new three-dimensional, flower-like La–TiO2/g-C3N4 (LaTiCN) heterojunction photocatalyst using a solvothermal method. Analysis and characterization were performed by conducting scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The prepared g-C3N4 nanosheets could reach 100 nm in size and covered the TiO2 surface. A tightly bound interface formed between the g-C3N4 and TiO2, speeding up the effective transfer of photo-induced electrons. In addition, the incorporation of La3+ reduced the electron–hole recombination efficiency. Consequently, the prepared La–TiO2/g-C3N4 composite material exhibited better visible-light catalytic activity than pure TiO2.

Hollow Nd-doped TiO2 sub-microspheres are synthesised via a controlled hydrolysis reaction, where carbon spheres are employed as the template. The building blocks of TiO2 doped with Nd are deposited on the surface of carbon spheres and subsequently, the carbon spheres are removed by calcination in air. The structure and morphology of the hollow Nd/TiO2 sub-microsphere composites are characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), low temperature N2 adsorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis), simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DTA), diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy (DRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The SEM and TEM micrographs reveal that the as-prepared hollow Nd/TiO2 sub-microsphere composite has an average diameter of 100 nm and a special uniform morphology, where the hollow sub-microspheres are constructed by TiO2 nano-chains, which resemble cage-like structures. The Nd-doped Nd/TiO2 composites exhibit high visible light absorption capacity, high adsorption ability and high photocatalytic activity towards Rhodamine B (RhB). Further, the effect of neodymium content on the physical structure and photocatalytic properties of hollow Nd/TiO2 sub-microspheres is investigated. Finally, it is concluded that the higher photocatalytic performance of as-prepared hollow Nd/TiO2 sub-microspheres stems from their hollow structure comprised of Nd/TiO2 nanostructures and a high light-harvesting efficiency.

In this study, novel Gd/TiO

A circularly polarized (CP) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna with enhanced scanning range is presented. The antenna can create a circularly polarized wave with a series of orthogonal linearly polarized (LP) slots. And its scanning range is enhanced by using a meandering structure. In the operating band of 12.5-17.5 GHz, simulated scanning angle of the proposed antenna is from −47° to +22°. The 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the antenna is 1.7 GHz (14.3-16.0Hz). In all, its simple structure, low-cost manufacture and great performance contribute to its potential applications in wireless communication and radar systems.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a prelude to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, was considered to be associated with gut microbiota. However, causal relationship between microbiota and NAFLD remains unclear. We showed that high alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) was significantly associated with up to 60% of NAFLD patients. Gavage administration of HiAlc Kpn induced typical pathological changes of hepatic steatosis and similar gene expression profiles in NAFLD murine, compared to those of alcohol intake. Comprehensive investigations in mice including gnotobiotic gavage and microbiota transplant demonstrated that HiAlc Kpn strains are the causative agents of NAFLD and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and steatosis through 2,3-butanediol pathway. Feeding with high-fat diet and HiAlc Kpn aggravated disease progression and severity, while glucose intake promoted detectable blood alcohol concentration, which represents a promising marker for clinical diagnosis. All these findings augmented our current knowledge of NAFLD.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with toxicity properties discharged from industrial emissions and combustion engines threaten human health and cause environmental problems. Therefore, it is important to develop technologies to remove VOCs from air. In this study, the performance of Nd (neodymium) -TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in a supported ionic liquid membrane (SILM) for removal of VOCs from air was investigated. Aiming at functionalizing the ionic liquid membrane with photocatalytic capability, we developed a facile and effective approach for the removal of VOCs by coupling highly efficient photocatalysts with the SILM. Nd-TiO2 nanoparticles, which are ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) light-driven photocatalysts, were prepared by sol-gel and immersed in the SILM for use as a photocatalytic membrane-based reactor. The gaseous VOCs tested were toluene, acetone, chloroform, benzene, and xylene. We confirmed that at a loading of 50 wt% Nd-TiO2 nanoparticles (1 wt% Nd content) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([HMIm]PF6) as SILM ([HMIm]PF6/Nd-TiO2 SILM), the as-prepared photocatalytic membrane-based reactor exhibited higher removal efficiency of VOCs from air (60~80% removal after 10 h) under UV–Vis light illumination than individual SILM or photocatalytic systems. Effluent gas analysis revealed that 25–55% of VOCs was decomposed and mineralized in the photocatalytic membrane reactor, which exhibited higher VOCs removal efficiency than membrane separation. These results indicate that the photocatalytic membrane-based reactor containing Nd-TiO2 nanoparticles and SILM designed in this study is highly active and stable. This study on [HMIm]PF6/Nd-TiO2 SILM was initiated to couple membrane separation with photocatalytic degradation of gaseous VOCs and can serve as a promising way for eliminating harmful VOCs with low concentration from air.

In this study, Al/Mg clad sheets were successfully obtained by multi-pass hot roll bonding. The effects of annealing on the evolution of interface microstructures and mechanical properties of the clad sheets were investigated. The interface microstructures were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrated that the Al/Mg clad sheets exhibited satisfactory interfacial bonding. When the annealing temperature was 250 °C or higher, the Al3Mg2 and Al12Mg17 phases were observed at the bonding interface. Si-(Mg2Si) and Fe-(α-Al8Fe2Si) particles were determined in the Al3Mg2 zone near the Al side. The grains of the Al12Mg17 and Al3Mg2 layers were columnar and rod-like. The thickness of the intermetallic phases increased linearly with the square root of the annealing time. With the increase of annealing temperature, the tensile strength of the clad sheets decreased while the elongation increased initially and subsequently decreased dramatically.

Ti/steel plate was fabricated by hot roll bonding, a wide range of rolling reductions (0–86.8%) were achieved in single Ti/steel plate by using initial wedge Ti and steel component plates. The evolution of interface and collaborative deformation between Ti and steel during hot roll bonding were investigated. Results indicated that the rolling reduction has significant influence on the interface of the Ti/steel plate. The peel strength of the Ti/steel plate increased with the increase of the rolling reduction, which was mainly attribute to the formation of a continuous bonding interface instead of a consecutive impurity layer between the Ti and steel layers. Larger rolling reduction also promoted the stronger collaborative deformation between the Ti and steel layers. As a result, shear deformation was introduced in the Ti and steel layers, which further caused inhomogeneous distribution for the microstructure and texture along the thickness. In the Ti layer, the shear deformation and the activation of -type slip systems lead to the formation of RD-split basal texture instead of the traditional TD-split basal texture after rolling. In addition, the shear texture components were identified in the steel layer, whose fraction was inhomogeneous along the thickness.

In this work, a g-C3N4/Ag–TiO2 ternary heterogeneous photocatalyst with a hollow nanosphere structure was prepared by combining small g-C3N4 nanosheets and hollow Ag–TiO2 spheres. The results show that at an Ag deposition of 2% (mass ratio to pure TiO2), the resulting 2%-AgTCN exhibits the best degradation performance, reaching a photodegradation efficiency of 92.7% for RhB. This is 3.10 and 2.15 times that of pure TiO2 and g-C3N4, respectively. The main sources of the excellent photocatalytic performance are as follows: (1) The Ag deposited between TiO2 hollow spheres and g-C3N4 nanosheets promotes the transfer of interfacial electrons in the composite, effectively overcoming the rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs. (2) The disordered g-C3N4 nanosheets coated on the surface of hollow Ag–TiO2 spheres are small, with a side length of approximately 30–100 nm, which increases the heterogeneous interface area. (3) The special hollow sphere structure endows the catalyst with a more efficient light-capturing ability.

In this work, we present novel kinds of γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2-CMC/MOF5 and γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2-CMC/IRMOF3 magnetic metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles which possess both magnetic characteristics and fluorescent properties. Here, [Zn4O(bdc)3] (MOF-5, bdc=1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) is a kind of shell. IRMOF3, a known MOF with a cubic topology prepared from Zn(NO3)2⋅4H2O and 2-amino-1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid, is another kind of shell which is attractive due to its highly porous, crystalline structure and the presence of non-coordinating amino groups on the benzenedicarboxylate (bdc) linker, which are amenable to post-synthetic modification. γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2-CMC magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could be prepared by covalent modification of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The structure of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles could be determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra could be used for the characterisation of γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2, γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2-CMC, γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2-CMC/MOF5, and γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2-CMC/IRMOF3 nanoparticles. Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of enrofloxacin (Enr) experiments exhibited that, for γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2-CMC/IRMOF3, the best effects of adsorption could be obtained at pH 4 and 6, while elution conditions of 0.1mol L−1 NaOH and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate could achieve the best elution effect. The addition of Tb3+ ions could sensitise the fluorescence of Enr. At the same time, via the addition of Tb3+ ions, coordination could occur between nanoparticles and Tb3+ ions, which could be verified by XPS.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a prelude of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD has been considerated to be associated with the composition of gut microbiota. However, causal relationship between change of gut microbiome and NAFLD remains unclear. Here we show that Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly associated with NAFLD through inducing generation of endogenous ethanol. A strain of high alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) was initially isolated from fecal samples of patient with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) accompanied with auto-brewery syndrome (ABS). Gavage of HiAlc Kpn was capable of inducing murine model of fatty liver disease (FLD) in which had typical pathological changes of hepatic steatosis and similar liver gene expression profiles to those of alcohol intake in mice. Data derived from germ-free mice by gnotobiotic gavage further demonstrated that the HiAlc Kpn is the major cause of the changes in FLD mice. Furthermore, using proteomic and metabolitic analysis, we found that HiAlc Kpn induced generation of endogenous alcohol through the 2,3-butanediol fermentation pathway. More interestingly, the blood alcohol concentration was elevated in FLD mice induced by HiAlc Kpn after glucose intake. Clinical analysis showed that HiAlc Kpn were observed in up to 60% of patients with NAFLD. Our results suggested that HiAlc Kpn make important contribution to NAFLD, possibly through generation of the endogenous alcohol. Thus, targeting these bacteria might provide a novel therapeutic for clinical treatment of NAFLD.In BriefFatty liver disease induced by high alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniaeCompeting Financial Interest StatementThe authors declare no conflicts of interest.

We prepared a new three-dimensional, flower-like La-TiO