Search

The present work aimed to develop nutritious and delicious tarhana soup for people who are especially sensitive to gluten. An edible mushroom, Lactarius deliciosus, was used in the gluten-free soup formulation instead of rice flour with different fortification ratios (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). Crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, mineral, acidity, water and oil absorptions, total phenolics, and antioxidant activities of gluten-free tarhana samples increased with the fortification of L. deliciosus in a dose-dependent manner, though the samples lost their lightness (L*), hue angle (H°), and chroma (C*) values. Total carbohydrate was calculated by subtracting the sum of crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat contents, and and determined in the range of 64.31 - 78.51%. Potassium was the most abundant mineral found in samples, followed by calcium, and magnesium. Total polyphenols increased to 14,847.28 from 1,526.46 mg/kg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) for 100% fortification of L. deliciosus powder on dry weight basis (DWB). Antioxidant activity by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (3.01 - 10.14 mmol Trolox equivalent, TE/kg DWB) was comparably higher than that with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (1.09 - 8.81 mmol TE/kg DWB). Gluten-free tarhana sample fortified with 25% L. deliciosus powder (DWB) had the highest sensory scores with respect to colour, taste, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia , Baobabopsis sabindy in leaves of Eragrostis spartinoides , Cortinarius magentiguttatus among deep leaf litter, Laurobasidium azarandamiae from uredinium of Puccinia alyxiae on Alyxia buxifolia , Marasmius pseudoelegans on well-rotted twigs and litter in mixed wet sclerophyll and subtropical rainforest. Bolivia , Favolaschia luminosa on twigs of Byttneria hirsuta , Lecanora thorstenii on bark, in savannas with shrubs and trees. Brazil , Asterina costamaiae on leaves of Rourea bahiensis , Purimyces orchidacearum (incl. Purimyces gen. nov. ) as root endophyte on Cattleya locatellii . Bulgaria , Monosporascus bulgaricus and Monosporascus europaeus isolated from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum . Finland , Inocybe undatolacera on a lawn, near Betula pendula . France , Inocybe querciphila in humus of mixed forest. Germany , Arrhenia oblongispora on bare soil attached to debris of herbaceous plants and grasses. Greece , Tuber aereum under Quercus coccifera and Acer sempervirens . India , Alfoldia lenyadriensis from the gut of a Platynotus sp. beetle, Fulvifomes subramanianii on living Albizzia amara , Inosperma pavithrum on soil, Phylloporia parvateya on living Lonicera sp., Tropicoporus maritimus on living Peltophorum pterocarpum . Indonesia , Elsinoe atypica on leaf of Eucalyptus pellita. Italy , Apiotrichum vineum from grape wine, Cuphopyllus praecox among grass. Madagascar , Pisolithus madagascariensis on soil under Intsia bijuga . Netherlands , Cytosporella calamagrostidis and Periconia calamagrostidicola on old leaves of Calamagrostis arenaria , Hyaloscypha caricicola on leaves of Carex sp., Neoniesslia phragmiticola (incl. Neoniesslia gen. nov. ) on leaf sheaths of standing dead culms of Phragmites australis , Neptunomyces juncicola on culms of Juncus maritimus , Zenophaeosphaeria calamagrostidis (incl. Zenophaeosphaeria gen. nov .) on culms of Calamagrostis arenaria . Norway , Hausneria geniculata (incl. Hausneria gen. nov. ) from a gallery of Dryocoetes alni on Alnus incana . Pakistan , Agrocybe auriolus on leaf litter of Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Rhodophana rubrodisca in nutrient-rich loamy soil with Morus alba . Poland , Cladosporium nubilum from hypersaline brine, Entomortierella ferrotolerans from soil at mines and postmining sites, Pseudopezicula epiphylla from sooty mould community on Quercus robur , Quixadomyces sanctacrucensis from resin of Pinus sylvestris , Szafranskia beskidensis (incl. Szafranskia gen. nov. ) from resin of Abies alba . Portugal , Ascocoryne laurisilvae on degraded wood of Laurus nobilis, Hygrocybe madeirensis in laurel forests, Hygrocybula terracocta (incl. Hygrocybula gen. nov. ) on mossy areas of laurel forests planted with Cryptomeria japonica . Republic of Kenya , Penicillium gorferi from a sterile chicken feather embedded in a soil sample. Slovakia , Cerinomyces tatrensis on bark of Pinus mugo , Metapochonia simonovicovae from soil. South Africa , Acremonium agapanthi on culms of Agapanthus praecox , Alfaria elegiae on culms of Elegia ebracteata , Beaucarneamyces stellenboschensis (incl. Beaucarneamyces gen. nov. ) on dead leaves of Beaucarnea stricta , Gardeniomyces kirstenboschensis (incl. Gardeniomyces gen. nov .) rotting fruit of Gardenia thunbergia , Knufia dianellae on dead leaves of Dianella caerulea , Lomaantha quercina on twigs of Quercus suber. Melanina restionis on dead leaves of Restio duthieae , Microdochium buffelskloofinum on seeds of Eragrostis cf. racemosa , Thamnochortomyces kirstenboschensis (incl. Thamnochortomyces gen. nov. ) on culms of Thamnochortus fraternus , Tubeufia hagahagana on leaves of Hypoxis angustifolia , Wingfieldomyces cypericola on dead leaves of Cyperus papyrus . Spain , Geastrum federeri in soil under Quercus suber and Q. canariensis , Geastrum nadalii in calcareous soil under Juniperus , Quercus , Cupressus , Pinus and Robinia , Hygrocybe garajonayensis in laurel forests, Inocybe cistophila on acidic soil under Cistus ladanifer , Inocybe sabuligena in a mixed Quercus ilex subsp . ballota/Juniperus thurifera open forest , Mycena calongei on mossy bark base of Juniperus oxycedrus , Rhodophana ulmaria on soil in Ulmus minor forest, Tuber arriacaense in soil under Populus pyramidalis , Volvariella latispora on grassy soils in a Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia stand. Sweden , Inocybe iota in alpine heath on calcareous soil. Thailand , Craterellus maerimensis and Craterellus sanbuakwaiensis on laterite and sandy soil, Helicocollum samlanense on scale insects, Leptosporella cassiae on dead twigs of Cassia fistula , Oxydothis coperniciae on dead leaf of Copernicia alba , Russula mukdahanensis on soil, Trechispora sangria on soil, Trechispora sanpatongensis on soil. Türkiye , Amanita corylophila in a plantation of Corylus avellana . Ukraine , Pararthrophiala adonis (incl. Pararthrophiala gen. nov. ) on dead stems of Adonis vernalis . USA , Cladorrhinum carnegieae from Carnegiea gigantea , Dematipyriformia americana on swab from basement wall, Dothiora americana from outside air, Dwiroopa aeria from bedroom air, Lithohypha cladosporioides from hospital swab, Macroconia verruculosa on twig of Ilex montana , associated with black destroyed ascomycetous fungus and Biatora sp., Periconia floridana from outside air, Phytophthora fagacearum from necrotic leaves and shoots of Fagus grandifolia , Queenslandipenidiella californica Crous PW, Jurjević Z, Balashov S, De la Peña-Lastra S, Mateos A, Pinruan U, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Osieck ER, Altés A, Czachura P, Esteve-Raventós F, Gunaseelan S, Kaliyaperumal M, Larsson E, Luangsa-ard JJ, Moreno G, Pancorbo F, Piątek M, Sommai S, Somrithipol S, Asif M, Delgado G, Flakus A, Illescas T, Kezo K, Khamsuntorn P, Kubátová A, Labuda R, Lavoise C, Lebel T, Lueangjaroenkit P, Maciá-Vicente JG, Paz A, Saba M, Shivas RG, Tan YP, Wingfield MJ, Aas T, Abramczyk B, Ainsworth AM, Akulov A, Alvarado P, Armada F, Assyov B, Avchar R, Avesani M, Bezerra JL, Bhat JD, Bilański P, Bily DS, Boccardo F, Bozok F, Campos JC, Chaimongkol S, Chellappan N, Costa MM, Dalecká M, Darmostuk V, Daskalopoulos V, Dearnaley J, Dentinger BTM, De Silva NI, Dhotre D, Carlavilla JR, Doungsa-ard C, Dovana F, Erhard A, Ferro LO, Gallegos SC, Giles CE, Gore G, Gorfer M, Guard FE, Hanson S-A, Haridev P, Jankowiak R, Jeffers SN, Kandemir H, Karich A, Kisło K, Kiss L, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Latha KPD, Lorenzini M, Lumyong S, Manimohan P, Manjón JL, Maula F, Mazur E, Mesquita NLS, Młynek K, Mongkolsamrit S, Morán P, Murugadoss R, Nagarajan M, Nalumpang S, Noisripoom W, Nosalj S, Novaes QS, Nowak M, Pawłowska J, Peiger M, Pereira OL, Pinto A, Plaza M, Polemis E, Polhorský A, Ramos DO, Raza M, Rivas-Ferreiro M, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Ruszkiewicz-Michalska M, Sánchez A, Santos A, Schüller A, Scott PA, Şen İ, Shelke D, Śliwa L, Solheim H, Sonawane H, Strašiftáková D, Stryjak-Bogacka M, Sudsanguan M, Suwannarach N, Suz LM, Syme K, Taşkın H, Tennakoon DS, Tomka P, Vaghefi N, Vasan V, Vauras J, Wiktorowicz D, Villarreal M, Vizzini A, Wrzosek M, Yang X, Yingkunchao W, Zapparoli G, Zervakis GI, Groenewald JZ (2024). Fungal Planet description sheets: 1614-1696. Citation: Crous PW, Jurjević Z, Balashov S, De la Peña-Lastra S, Mateos A, Pinruan U, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Osieck ER, Altés A, Czachura P, Esteve-Raventós F, Gunaseelan S, Kaliyaperumal M, Larsson E, Luangsa-ard JJ, Moreno G, Pancorbo F, Piątek M, Sommai S, Somrithipol S, Asif M, Delgado G, Flakus A, Illescas T, Kezo K, Khamsuntorn P, Kubátová A, Labuda R, Lavoise C, Lebel T, Lueangjaroenkit P, Maciá-Vicente JG, Paz A, Saba M, Shivas RG, Tan YP, Wingfield MJ, Aas T, Abramczyk B, Ainsworth AM, Akulov A, Alvarado P, Armada F, Assyov B, Avchar R, Avesani M, Bezerra JL, Bhat JD, Bilański P, Bily DS, Boccardo F, Bozok F, Campos JC, Chaimongkol S, Chellappan N, Costa MM, Dalecká M, Darmostuk V, Daskalopoulos V, Dearnaley J, Dentinger BTM, De Silva NI, Dhotre D, Carlavilla JR, Doungsa-ard C, Dovana F, Erhard A, Ferro LO, Gallegos SC, Giles CE, Gore G, Gorfer M, Guard FE, Hanson S-A, Haridev P, Jankowiak R, Jeffers SN, Kandemir H, Karich A, Kisło K, Kiss L, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Latha KPD, Lorenzini M, Lumyong S, Manimohan P, Manjón JL, Maula F, Mazur E, Mesquita NLS, Młynek K, Mongkolsamrit S, Morán P, Murugadoss R, Nagarajan M, Nalumpang S, Noisripoom W, Nosalj S, Novaes QS, Nowak M, Pawłowska J, Peiger M, Pereira OL, Pinto A, Plaza M, Polemis E, Polhorský A, Ramos DO, Raza M, Rivas-Ferreiro M, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Ruszkiewicz-Michalska M, Sánchez A, Santos A, Schüller A, Scott PA, Şen İ, Shelke D, Śliwa L, Solheim H, Sonawane H, Strašiftáková D, Stryjak-Bogacka M, Sudsanguan M, Suwannarach N, Suz LM, Syme K, Taşkın H, Tennakoon DS, Tomka P, Vaghefi N, Vasan V, Vauras J, Wiktorowicz D, Villarreal M, Vizzini A, Wrzosek M, Yang X, Yingkunchao W, Zapparoli G, Zervakis GI, Groenewald JZ (2024). Fungal Planet description sheets: 1614-1696. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 13 : 183-440. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.13.11., (© 2024 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute.)

Two edible Pleurotus species, namely, Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus djamor grown in the media of mulberry shavings which were substituted with myrtle, bay laurel, and rosemary leaves were studied. According to volatile profiles, 13 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 7 alcohols, 5 aromatic compounds and 4 terpenes were totally identified. Rosemary leaves were very effective for decreasing the concentrations of some oxidation products in Pleurotus citrinopileatus, but the same impact was not seen in Pleurotus djamor. The high amount of benzaldehyde (41.80 %) detected in bay laurel medium might have played a role in preventing bioactivity. Control Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus djamor had a total phenolic content of 4284.89 and 3080.04 mg GAE per kg DM, respectively, and the enrichment of composts with aromatic plant leaves caused significant differences in Pleurotus djamor (p<0.05). Myrtle addition increased total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (by DPPH and FRAP assays) of Pleurotus djamor mushroom as 342.29 mg GAE/kg DM, 0.43 μmol TE/g DM and 2.07 μmol TE/g DM, respectively, when compared to intact one., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical compositions, antioxidant and anticancer activities and thermal behavior of essential oils (EOs) obtained by a microwave assisted Clevenger apparatus from Mentha longifolia subsp. typhoides var. typhoides (ML), Thymus kotschyanus var. glabrescens (TK), Calamintha nepeta subsp. nepeta (CN) and Satureja cuneifolia (SC) in Osmaniye, Turkey. Nepetalactone (34.23 %), thymol (37.40 %), piperitone oxide (27.25 %), and carvacrol (28.34 %) were major compounds in the EOs of ML, TK, CN, and SC. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (by FRAP assay) were in the range of 0.27-3.01 mg gallic acid equivalents and 0.62-171.14 μmol trolox equivalent per g EO, respectively. IC 50 values of DPPH were mostly greater than ABTS. IC 50 levels of the EOs of ML, TK, CN for the cytotoxic activities were 195.7, 265.7, 442.9 μg/ml, and 218.4, 204.2, 133.9 μg/ml for 24 and 48 h, respectively. IC 50 of SC-EO could not be calculated in the applied concentration range. The highest fusion enthalpies were in between 58.72 and 81.65 kJ/kg. Both the TK and SC plant EOs had comparable and significant bioactivities. CN-EO reduced cell motility and triggered apoptosis more effectively than the others., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Eight edible macrofungal species (Suillus collinitus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Lactarius sanguifluus, Lycoperdon molle, Ganoderma adspersum, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Lycoperdon perlatum, Macrolepiota procera) grown in Osmaniye were studied. Besides the evaluation of fresh forms, the mushrooms were dried at 40 °C, and the color, texture, protein and mineral contents, and bioactivities (total phenolic content, (TPC) and antioxidant activities by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS techniques) were determined. The protein, macro and micro mineral contents of dried samples were in range of 11.31-55.31 %, 132.75-50844.80 and 0.30-812.05 mg/kg, respectively. TPC of fresh samples were 10227.13-42216.89 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg dry matter (DM) in methanolic solution, 3625.31-28809.99 mg GAE/kg DM in ethanolic solution, and decreased by drying process. ABTS method yielded higher results in fresh specimens, however, DPPH method in ethanol and FRAP method in methanol were the superior in dried forms., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

In present study, total phenolic compound, antioxidant activities and fatty acids of several Morchella species collected from different regions of Turkey were determined. Six species were detected, namely Morchella dunalii (HT562), M. purpurascens group (HT565, HT592, HT662, HT699), M. deliciosa (HT682), M. mediterraneensis (HT698), M. importuna (HT667, HT681) and M. esculenta (HT704). The highest phenolic content was determined in the collection numbered as HT565 (281.96 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight), followed by HT699, HT562, HT662, HT592, HT698, HT704, HT681, HT667 and HT682. Antioxidant activities were also evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays and the maximum (0.51 and 1.04 mmol trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry weight respectively) was observed in HT565. The results for the fatty acids composition showed that assessed Morchella species were rich in nutritionally important unsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and myristic acid were the identified compounds. Linoleic acid was the most common in samples like HT565, HT592, HT704, HT662, HT682 and HT667 and followed by oleic acid except in HT565. In HT681, HT698, HT699 and HT562, oleic acid was dominant and followed by linoleic acid. The ratios of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids were calculated as 10.79, 4.78, 6.80, 8.09, 6.67, 4.35, 8.70, 8.64, 7.90 and 7.43 in HT562, HT565, HT592, HT662, HT667, HT681, HT682, HT698, HT699 and HT704 respectively. The sampling locations and species of Morels had influenced the bioactivities and fatty acid compositions of specimens., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no Conflict of interest., (© Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020.)

Essential oils of the resins of Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea were evaluated for their biological potential. Essential oils were characterized using GC-MS and GC/FID. in vitro antimicrobial, phytotoxic, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities were carried out using the direct contact and the fumigant assays, respectively. The chemical profile of the essential oils of the resins of P. pinea and P. brutia included mainly α-pinene (21.39% and 25.40%), β-pinene (9.68% and 9.69%), and caryophyllene (9.12% and 4.81%). The essential oils of P. pinea and P. brutia exerted notable antimicrobial activities on Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, insecticidal activities on Ephestia kuehniella eggs, phytotoxic activities on Lactuca sativa, Lepidium sativum, and Portulaca oleracea, as well as antioxidant potential. Indications of the biological activities of the essential oils suggest their use in the formulation of ecofriendly and biocompatible pharmaceuticals., (Copyright © 2014 China Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The essential oil of Cotinus coggyria Scop.' leaves was found to be rich in α-pinene (43.1%), limonene (21.3%) and β-myrcene (8.5%). In the antimicrobial screening, essential oil was notably active on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC BAA-977, Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 using the disc diffusion and volatilisation assays. The fumigant assay of the essential oil caused 70% and 100% mortality on the two pest adults of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Tribolium castaneum at 80 μL L⁻¹ air concentration at 96 h, respectively. In the toxicity assay on weeds, a dose-dependent decrease was observed in the germination and seedling growth of Silybum marianum and Portulaca oleracea. The present results indicated that oil could be suggested as an effective biocontrol agent in various fields.