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Marine cloud brightening (MCB) aims to increase the albedo of low-lying marine clouds by the introduction of additional sea salt aerosol particles (SSA) increasing the population of cloud condensation nuclei which activate to form cloud droplets. The outcomes of this intervention depend on the size and hygroscopicity of the introduced SSA and meteorological conditions. SSA that are too small or too large are both speculated to reduce the magnitude of the desired net albedo increase, or may even reduce albedo. The ideal SSA size distribution is subject to debate however literature suggests dry diameters in the range of 60-1000nm may be effective. Current technologies produce a distribution of SSA particles sizes, rather than the monomodal size originally proposed for MCB. We have studied numerous nozzle technologies to continuously, efficiently and effectively produce sufficient quantities of SSA from sea water. Size distributions and production rates of these various nozzle technologies from laboratory data tests will be presented and will be compared to data from a campaign on the southern Great Barrier Reef (Feb-April 2023). Data from this campaign was measured from an aircraft, drones and on the surface from a research ship following another vessel containing the spraying apparatus. The implications for the effectivity of MCB due to changes in size distribution with distance and altitude from the spraying source will discussed. This work was undertaken as part of the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program, funded by the partnership between the Australian Governments Reef Trust and the Great Barrier Reef Foundation.

Airborne measurements were carried out as part of the Australian Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) campaign performed between mid-February and early April 2023 in the Southern part of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). MCB may have the potential to mitigate episodic bleaching events exacerbated by climate change at the scale of the GBR by the aerosol direct effect and indirect effects on aerosol optical depth and net albedo of low-level maritime clouds respectively. During the campaign experiments were conducted by atomising seawater at the stern of a research vessel at a target production rate of approximately 10^14 s^-1 sea salt aerosols (SSA). Sampling measurements were performed from a Cessna 337 aircraft equipped to measure aerosols, cloud properties and meteorological conditions. The sampling strategy included consecutive transects at cloud base at the intersection of the sea salt aerosol (SSA) plume and low-level maritime clouds, followed by in-cloud sampling of perturbed clouds. In this study I aim to determine the actual production rate of SSA achieved, and what portion are incorporated into cloud and subsequently activated to form cloud droplets as a function of boundary layer conditions and turbulence.This work was undertaken as part of the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program, funded by the partnership between the Australian Governments Reef Trust and the Great Barrier Reef Foundation.&nbsp, The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

The objective of this work was to analyze the severity of burned areas in the municipality of Poconé located in the State of Mato Grosso. Remote sensing techniques were used, using the OLI sensor (Operational Land Imager) of the Landsat 8 satellite to analyze the severity levels with 3 scenes in April (pre-fire) and 3 scenes in September (post-fire) The dNBR (Normalized Burn Ratio Difference) allowed the identification of 70,08% of burned areas in the total area of the municipality, reaching about 1.201.269,36 hectares. The areas affected by fires in the present biomes were also analyzed in the municipality , computing about 68,80% in the Cerrado biome and 70,41% in the Pantanal Biome, totaling an area of 228.947,09 ha and 972.038,65 ha, respectively. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la severidad de las áreas quemadas en el municipio de Poconé ubicado en el Estado de Mato Grosso. Se utilizaron técnicas de teledetección utilizando el sensor OLI (Operational Land Imager) del satélite Landsat 8 para analizar los niveles de severidad con 3 escenas en abril (pre-incendio) y 3 escenas en septiembre (post-incendio) El dNBR (Normalized Burn Relación Diferencia) permitió identificar el 70,08% de áreas quemadas en el área total del municipio, alcanzando cerca de 1.201.269,36 hectáreas.También se analizaron las áreas afectadas por incendios en los biomas presentes en el municipio, computando alrededor del 68,80% en el Cerrado bioma y 70,41% en el Bioma Pantanal, totalizando una superficie de 228.947,09 ha y 972.038,65 ha, respectivamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a severidade de áreas queimadas no município de Poconé localizado no Estado de Mato Grosso. Utilizou-se técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, utilizando o sensor OLI (Operational Land Imager) do satélite Landsat 8 para analisar os níveis de severidade com 3 cenas do mês de abril (pré-fogo) e 3 cenas do mês de setembro (pós-fogo. O dNBR (Normalized Burn Ratio Difference) permitiu identificar 70,08% de áreas queimadas da área total do município, atingindo cerca de 1.201.269,36 de hectares. As áreas atingidas pelos incêndios nos biomas presentes, também, foram analisadas no município, computando cerca de 68,80 % no bioma Cerrado e de 70,41% no Bioma Pantanal, somando uma área de 228.947,09 ha e 972.038,65 ha, respectivamente.