Search

The dependence of oxygen stoichiometry on the oxygen partial pressure and the temperature for La- and Nb-doped strontium ferrite La0.4Sr0.6Fe0.95Nb0.05O3 – δ (LSFNb5) was studied by quasi-equilibrium oxygen release (QEOR) method. The equilibrium diagram in the coordinates “T – lg(pO2 ) – 3 – δ” in the temperature range of 700–900°C and oxygen partial pressures pO2 = 10–4 – 0.2 atm was obtained. The range of stoichiometry deviation was determined, and the thermodynamic parameters of the oxygen release process were analyzed.

In this work, a microtubular cell with an LNO-SDC-based air electrode fabricated using the phase inversion method was investigated. The microstructure of a single cell was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical parameters were measured in the mode of co-electrolysis of water steam and carbon dioxide. The obtained results indicated the high efficiency of the microtubular cell.

Background : We conducted a study to determine the relationships between perirenal fat (PRF) thickness and urinary levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in patients with hypertension (HTN). Methods : In 338 HTN patients (aged 63.5±12.3 years on average), MCP-1 and NGAL levels were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To measure PRF thickness, all patients underwent CT scans. Results : We considered PRF thickness ≥1.91 cm as the diagnostic threshold for perirenal obesity. Patients with excessive PRF thickness exhibited significantly lower levels of MCP-1 and NGAL compared with those with PRF thickness ≥1.91 cm: 0.98 pg/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 0.21 to 2.05) vs. 2.35 pg/mL (IQR, 0.37 to 5.22) for MCP-1 and 50.0 pg/mL (IQR, 48.9 to 67.8) vs. 98.3 pg/mL (IQR, 68.4 to 187.1) for NGAL. We found a relationship of PRF thickness with both MCP-1 (r=0.46, P

Relevance . Monocytes are circulating immune cells which are traditionally divided into three subsets. The contribution of each subset to breast cancer pathogenesis is controversial. Moreover, there is no data regarding the programming of monocyte subsets towards antitumor activity induced by chemotherapy. Aim . To study the trajectories of monocyte subsets and transcriptomic changes in blood monocytes during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and Methods . Mononuclear cells were purified from the peripheral blood of nine triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients before NAC and on the 3rd and 21st day after the first NAC cycle (AC regimen). Total cell concentration and viability (Calcein/DRAQ7) were assessed by flow cytometry. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on a Genolab M platform (GeneMind Biosciences) using the 10x Genomics technology for fixed samples. Data were analyzed using Seurat, SingleR, and the dynverse R package for trajectories. Results and Discussion . The trajectory analysis indicated that monocytes were clustered into three subsets: classical, non-classical, and intermediate. Classical monocytes were characterized by high expression of CD14 , CSF3R , S100A8 , S100A9 , VCAN , LYZ , SELL , and GRN genes, whereas non-classical monocytes expressed FCGR3A , MTSS1 , TCF7L2 , CSF1R , SPN , EVL , and LYN . The developmental trajectories of monocytes were significantly affected by chemotherapy. Transcriptionally, classical monocytes were subdivided into two clusters: one characterized by proliferative signals and the other by stress signals. By day 21st after NAC, developmental trajectories of monocytes and their subset composition were observed to recover. Chemotherapy promoted the pro-inflammatory activity of monocytes. Conclusion . Peripheral blood monocytes of TNBC patients are capable of recovering their subset composition after NAC by the 21st day after the first cycle of chemotherapy.

Aim. To assess the relationship between arterial stiffness and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene polymorphism in patients with COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods: 100 patients (mean age of 58.1±11.98 years; 51% women, 49% men) were included in the cross-ectional study. This study included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to the University Hospital. All patients were evaluated for arterial stiffness using cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) by sphygmomanometry. Also alleles and genotypes of several polymorphic markers were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction in human DNA preparations: rs4762 of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, rs1799752 of angiotensin-converting enzyme type 1 gene (ACE1), rs5186 of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (ATP1), and rs1403543 of angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene (ATP2). The distributions of alleles and genotypes in groups with normal and elevated arterial stiffness (CAVI ≥9.5) were compared.Results. Elevated arterial stiffness (CAVI ≥9.5) was found in 29%. A significantly higher frequency of ATP1 rs5186 genotypes including the A allele, i.e., A/A+A/C versus C/C, was found in subjects with normal CAVI: 95.0% and 5.0% compared with 87.5% and 12.5% in those with CAVI ≥9.5 (χ2=3.907, p=0.049). A significantly higher frequency of genotypes involving the D allele (DD and ID) was detected in patients with increased stiffness: 95.0% compared to 81.3% in the group with normal stiffness (χ2=9.280, p

Aim. Evaluation of genes polymorphisms frequencies of angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme type 1 (ACE1) and angiotensin II receptors type 1 (AGTR1) and type 2 (AGTR2) in patients admitted with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its association the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients admitted to the hospital with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. All patients were identified with alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers rs4762 of the AGT gene, rs1799752 of the ACE1 gene, rs5186 of the AGTR1 gene and rs1403543 of the AGTR2 gene. The frequencies of each polymorphisms were compared with population. Statistical processing was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software package. Results. In evaluated cohort there was higher frequency of D-allele ACE1 rs1799752 compared to population. Depending on the availability of criteria for the severity of coronavirus infection, 44 (44%) patients were diagnosed with severe, 56 (56%) with moderate course. The groups did not significantly differ in age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbid pathology. In the groups with severe and moderate course, the same distribution of genotypes and alleles of AGT rs4762, AGTR2 rs1403543 and ACE1 rs1799752 was revealed. For the I/D alleles of the ACE1 rs1799752 gene, a significant deviation from the papulation was found in both the group of severe and moderate COVID-19. In the group with a severe course of the disease, a higher frequency of the mutant C-allele of the AGTR1 rs5186 gene was detected. In the same group, a deviation in the frequency ratio of A and C of the AGTR1 rs5186 alleles from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium was found. When calculating the risk of severe COVID-19 in the presence of the C-allele compared with the A-allele, an odds ratio 2.092 (95% confidence interval 1.066–4.108) was obtained. Conclusion. The data obtained suggest that the genes polymorphisms of the components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, namely D-allele of ACE1 rs1799752 and C-allele of AGTR1 rs5186, may make it possible to identify groups of patients predisposed to the development of more severe COVID-19.

Background. Studying the genetic diversity of ex situ barley accessions under contrasting environmental conditions (humid with a lack of heat, favorable, arid, etc.) makes it possible to assess them according to the duration of the growing season, resistance to lodging, potential productivity, drought resistance, grain quality, and environmental plasticity. Materials and methods. The results of an 8-year trial (2016–2023) of 11 spring barley accessions of Belarusian origin in the northern forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Province are presented. The experiments followed the protocols adopted for the state variety trials. An SKS-6-10 seeder was used for sowing, the plot area was 5 m2 , and cv. ʻAbalakʼ served as the reference. The seeding rate was 550 viable seeds per 1 m2 . Results. A majority of the studied accessions matured later than the medium-ripening reference cultivar. Weather conditions during the growing season in the Northern Trans-Urals had a decisive effect on the harvest formation, protein content and starch content in barley grain (74.6%, 70.8% and 81.8%, respectively). The effect of the genotype on these indicators was 7.9%, 17.5% and 6.2%, respectively. Starch content also depended on the genotype × environment interaction (9.7%). Fat content was almost equally affected by the genotype (25.1%) and the environment (26.7%). The genotype × environment interaction was more significant (31.2%). Conclusion. The following sources were identified among the tested cultivars: ‘Vodar’ (high yield, drought tolerance, etc.); ‘Magutny’ (high yield, and environmental plasticity); ‘Khago’ (large grain, low hull content, and increased protein and starch content levels); ‘Lipen’ (high test weight, increased starch content, and environmental plasticity); ‘Fobos’ (drought tolerance, and increased protein content); ‘Dublet’ (lodging resistance, and increased protein content); ‘Taler’ (reduced protein content, and environmental plasticity); ‘Pospekh’ (reduced protein content).

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. Neurological disorders in this group of patients require a differential diagnosis with demyelinating diseases, toxic damage to the nervous system, acute cerebrovascular accident and brain tumors. Cerebral toxoplasmosis can be accompanied by damage to internal organs and be combined with other secondary diseases in HIV-infected patients who are not aware of the presence of HIV-infection or hide this fact. Therefore, it becomes important to inform doctors of all specialties about features of clinical manifestations and the course of this pathology, which will allow early diagnosis and timely prescribing of effective therapy for the disease.

This article considers the process of transformation of the Russian Federation nuclear law into an independent public complex branch of law and its important role in improving global nuclear safety. Since it is well known that the criteria of distinguishing branches of law are usually the subject and method of legal regulation as well as the existence of their own codification, the authors are confident of such a need. The results of the analysis of the state corporation Rosatom activities serve as the basis for the proposed theses and only confirm this confidence. The main idea of the article is to assert the need for changes in the Russian legal system structure in order to increase the effectiveness of regulation in the field of nuclear safety. The paper examines the evolution of nuclear law in Russia, identifies the basic principles and norms of this area of law as well as the need to make changes to adapt to modern challenges and threats. Supporting its position by analyzing the current state of the Russian nuclear industry and world standards in the field of nuclear safety, the article suggests practical steps to strengthen legal regulation to ensure safety in the nuclear field. Special attention is paid to the importance of strengthening international nuclear safety through the modernization of the national nuclear legal system, its compliance with international norms and standards. The article discusses current issues, including the development of nuclear doctrine, control of nuclear materials, responsibility for violation of international nuclear obligations and other aspects affecting global nuclear security. The study is an important contribution to understanding the problems of nuclear law in the context of global safety, and also substantiates the need for independent development of this branch of law to ensure stability and security on the world stage. The authors of the article offer specific recommendations for improving legislation and practice in the field of nuclear law in order to strengthen global nuclear safety

The article presents the research on the development of bread technology from gluten-free composite mixtures: No. 1 from a mixture of rice and flax flour (70: 30), No. 2 from flax and corn flour (50: 50) and No. 3 from pumpkin and corn flour (50: 50). A sociological survey conducted has shown that potential consumers are interested in expanding the line of gluten-free food products in the Saratov region. The following technological parameters for the production of gluten-free bread were determined: proofing time – 100 minutes, chamber temperature 35°С and relative air humidity 40%. The bread was baked for 9 minutes at 200°С and 35 minutes at 180°С with a relative humidity in the working chamber of 40%. Physicochemical studies showed that the moisture content in three samples of gluten-free bread was 1.17 times higher than the norm (46.0) compared to the control. In turn, the acidity of the sample crumb was in the range of 5.5–7.2 degrees, respectively, which exceeded the norm. The crumb porosity of the developed samples was 65.22–68.03%, respectively, while less than 68% was explained by the use of gluten-free mixtures, which were unable to form an elastic elastic frame in the products. The developed gluten-free bread contained QMAFAnM, coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, bacteria of the genus Proteus, mold fungi and pathogenic microorganisms, including Salmonella, and complies with TR CU 021/2011.As a result of the research, sample No. 3 was selected from pumpkin and corn flour (50: 50), which had high performance in terms of overall physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics. The selected sample had dimensional stability, pleasant taste, aroma and baked crumb.

Aim. To study the relationship and predictive value of integral metabolic indices of obesity in the identification of ectopic obesity.Material and methods. The study included 326 patients (146 men and 180 women, mean age 61±9 years). Anthropometric data, degree of obesity, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), body obesity index (BAI), visceral obesity index (VAI), lipid accumulation index (LAP), triglycerides-glucose index (TyG) was assessed. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) volume, pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume and thickness of perirenal fat tissue (PRF) were assessed with CT.Results. Patients were divided into groups: with isolated ectopic obesity (iEO) (n=17); with isolated abdominal obesity (iAO) (n=74); with EO variants: pericardial (PCO) (n=31), perivascular (PVO) (n=22) or perirenal (PRO) (n=33) with AO; with mixed ectopic obesity and AO (mEO+AO) (n=117), and patients without obesity (n=32). Significantly higher BMI, WC, SAD, and BAI indices were found in individuals with PCO+AO, PRO+AO and mEO+AO. The highest values of LAP were found in groups: PCO+AO, PVO+AO, PRO+AO. There was a correlation between ectopic fat depots and WC (r=0,62 for PAT, r=0,55 for PVAT and r=0,39 for PRF, p=0,01) and SAD (0,429, 0,329 and 0,435, respectively, p=0,01). Correlation was established between PAT, PRF and LAP (0,425 and 0,319, respectively, p=0,01). The highest AUC values>0,8 had models of WC and SAD in identification of PCO (0,801 and 0,801, respectively) and PRO (0,826 and 0,826, respectively). For PCO, the cut-off point of WC was 100,5 cm (specificity 72,9%, sensitivity 70,2%, p=0,000), SAD — 25 cm (specificity 73%, sensitivity 70,2%, p=0,000). For PRO, the cut-off of WC was 101 cm (specificity 71,4%, sensitivity 72,7%, p=0,000), SAD — 25 cm (specificity 71,4%, sensitivity 72,7%, p=0,000).Conclusion. Еctopic fat depots are related to the risk of metabolic disorders. Potential informative value of simple and accessible integral metabolic indices was established. WC>100,5 cm, SAD>25 cm may indicate to the presence of PCO; WC>101 cm, SAD>25 cm — to the presence of PRO.

Background. Spring oats play an essential role in the search for a comprehensive solution of urgent problems associated with the development of a solid fodder resource base that could meet the need of animal husbandry for high-quality feeds. Adequate animal feeding is possible when high-quality fodders are available and the rations are well balanced in basic nutrients. Materials and methods. Field studies were conducted in Tyumen Province on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2016–2023. The tested materials included spring oat cultivars and breeding lines, with cv. ʻTalismanʼ serving as the reference. Productivity was assessed according to the harvested dry matter, crude and digestible protein, crude and digestible fat, crude and digestible fiber, and crude and digestible nitrogen-free extracts (NFE). To do this, the yield of green biomass in the phase of milky ripeness was taken into account, and the contents of dry matter and nutrients in it were measured. Results. Promising breeding lines were evaluated for their fodder productivity (green biomass yield and the collected dry matter, protein, fat, fiber, and NFE). Digestible energy value of the tested oats was calculated in feed units (FU) and in joules of metabolizable energy (ME) and gross energy (GE). Energy digestibility (ED) and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) andmetabolizable energy (ME) were measured. Conclusion. Cvs. ʻTobolyakʼ, ʻRaduzhnyʼ and ʻSiriusʼ were the best in fodder productivity. Cvs. ʻMegionʼ, ʻOtradaʼ, ʻFomaʼ, ʻTobolyakʼ, and line TM 07-95-16 were identified for the highest digestible energy value. They provided 0.85–0.86 FU per 1 kg of dry matter and formed 835.5–842.5 kJ of ME and 1708.1–1734.6 kJ of GE per 100 kg of dry matter. Their ED was 63.5–65.8 %, with 1092.87–1141.36 kJ/kg of DE and 896.15–935.91 kJ/kg of ME.

Abstract Approaches to analyze and cluster T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoires to reflect antigen specificity are critical for the diagnosis and prognosis of immune‐related diseases and the development of personalized therapies. Sequence‐based approaches showed success but remain restrictive, especially when the amount of experimental data used for the training is scarce. Structure‐based approaches which represent powerful alternatives, notably to optimize TCRs affinity toward specific epitopes, show limitations for large‐scale predictions. To handle these challenges, TCRpcDist is presented, a 3D‐based approach that calculates similarities between TCRs using a metric related to the physico‐chemical properties of the loop residues predicted to interact with the epitope. By exploiting private and public datasets and comparing TCRpcDist with competing approaches, it is demonstrated that TCRpcDist can accurately identify groups of TCRs that are likely to bind the same epitopes. Importantly, the ability of TCRpcDist is experimentally validated to determine antigen specificities (neoantigens and tumor‐associated antigens) of orphan tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in cancer patients. TCRpcDist is thus a promising approach to support TCR repertoire analysis and TCR deorphanization for individualized treatments including cancer immunotherapies.

Aim. To evaluate the relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and cardiovascular risk factors in young and middle-aged patients without cardiovascular disease (CVD).Material and methods. This cross-sectional study involved 450 patients aged 30 [21;42] years. Risk factors and possible exclusion criteria was assessed through questionnaires and anthropometric examination. In all subjects, glucose concentration and lipid profile were assessed using the CardioChekPA express analyzer (USA, 2017), followed by calculation of integral metabolic indices: visceral adiposity index (VAI), body fat percentage, body adiposity index (BAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP). LTL was measured in whole blood samples using fluorimetry (Qubit 4 Singapore 2020) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QIAamp Blood Mini Kit, German 2022). Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10 program.Results. The prevalence of the studied risk factors in the main group corresponded to the general population. According to the correlation analysis, LTL was associated with age (r=-0,26; p0,05), neck circumference (NC) (r=-0,53; p

Background. One of the basic characteristics of the emotional sphere of a person is the level of anxiety. Disturbances of psycho-emotional state are regarded as predictors of overweight and obesity. At the same time, excessive accumulation of fat mass has an unfavorable effect on the psychosomatic status of patients. Purpose. To evaluate the level of situational and personal anxiety of young women 17-25 years old with different body weight. Materials and methods. 276 young women aged from 17 to 25 years were examined and divided into 3 groups. The first group included young women with body weight deficit, the second group included young women with normal body weight, and the third group included young women with excessive body weight and obesity. Body weight was estimated by the value of the ratio of body weight to the square of body length. The Spielberger-Hanin test was used to assess the level of anxiety. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. Statistical analysis was performed using the application package Statistica 10.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. Deviations of body weight from normal values were revealed in 31.2% of girls. A low level of personal anxiety was characteristic of 2.9% of respondents, and a high level - of 52.2%. The median of personal anxiety in the group with normal body weight was assessed as moderate, girls with deficit and excess body weight - as high. The prevalence of a high level of situational anxiety was significantly higher in the underweight and overweight groups. Conclusion. A high level of situational anxiety of young women is associated with overweight and obesity.

Globozoospermia is a form of male infertility characterized by spermatozoa with spherical heads lacking acrosomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrastructural and molecular defects in different types of globozoospermia. Semen samples from 12 infertile patients (9 with complete globozoospermia and 3 with partial globozoospermia) and 10 normozoospermic men (control) were examined by transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry with antibodies against lamin B1. The presence of lamin A and progerin was assessed by reverse transcription-PCR. Whole exome sequencing was performed in three patients. In semen samples with complete and partial globozoospermia, lamin B1 was observed at the periphery of sperm nuclei, whereas lamin A and progerin were absent. Nuclear envelope pores were found in spermatozoa from both patient groups, regardless of morphology and chromatin condensation, in contrast to the control group. Non-condensed chromatin was present in 51%–81% of cases of complete globozoospermia and in 36%–79% of cases of partial globozoospermia. Homozygous DPY19L2 and SPATA16 variants were identified in two patients with partial globozoospermia and one patient with complete globozoospermia. An atypical nuclear membrane with abnormal nuclear pore distribution and lamin B1 localization was observed in spermatozoa from patients with both complete and partial globozoospermia. The genetic defects in the DPY19L2 and SPATA16 genes detected in patients from both globozoospermic groups suggest a generalized disruption of nuclear structure in globozoospermia, highlighting the genetic and phenotypic similarities between complete and partial globozoospermia.

Aim. To study the frequency and clinical characteristics of ectopic obesity in patients with different body weights and hypertension (HTN).Material and methods. The study included 326 patients (145 men and 181 women, mean age 63±8 years). Patients underwent chest and retroperitoneal space computed tomography with calculation of the volumes of perivascular adipose tissue (AT) (PVAT), pericardial AT (PAT) and perirenal fat thickness (PFT) using specialized software QCT Pro Tissue Composition Module (Mindways Software, USA). PAT volume ≥3,2 cm3, PVAT volume ≥0,4 cm3, PFT ≥1,91 cm were considered criteria for pericardial (PCO), perivascular (PVO) and perirenal (PRO) obesity.Results. When studying the prevalence of ectopic (EO) and abdominal (AO) obesity phenotypes, patients were divided into groups: 1) with isolated EO without AO (n=17), 2) with PCO and AO (n=31), 3) with PVO and AO (n=22), 4) with PRO and AO (n=33), 5) with mixed EO (PKO+PVO, or PKO+PRO, or PVO+PRO, or PKO+PVO+PRO) and AO, 6) with isolated AO without EO (n=74), 7) without obesity (n=32). Isolated EO was significantly more common in individuals with normal and overweight compared to patients with obesity: 8,9 and 12 vs 1,1% (p=0,001), respectively. The prevalence of the mixed EO+AO phenotype in obese patients was significantly higher than in patients with normal and overweight as follows: 41,7 vs 19,6 and 21,7% (p=0,001), respectively. In patients with HTN, PVO+AO was significantly more common compared to patients without HTN as follows: 12,8 vs 3% (p=0,001), respectively.Conclusion. The study results indicate the heterogeneity of the distribution of obesity phenotypes in people with different body mass index, which emphasizes the importance of taking into account all its variants, including EO, for timely and adequate cardiovascular risk assessment.

Aim. To study the relationship of integral metabolic indices with the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and assess their predictive value for identifying increased levels of arterial stiffness in young and middle-aged people with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors.Material and methods. The study included 160 patients (56 men and 104 women) with the median age of 39 [22,0;57,0] years. All patients underwent an anthropometric measurement and a study of lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides) using the CardioChek PA analyzer (USA, 2020) with subsequent calculation of lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body fat percentage (BFP), body adiposity index (BAI). Increased arterial stiffness was assessed by the CAVI level by the sphygmomanometry using the VaSera-1000 FUCUDA DENSHI system (Japan, 2010). Statistical analysis was carried out using the Jamovi program.Results. The incidence of abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking was consistent with the general population. There were no significant relationships between CAVI and anthropometric metabolic markers (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference) (p>0,05). Significant direct correlations between CAVI and the levels of TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and integral metabolic indices (LAP, VAI and BFP) were revealed. The strongest correlation was obtained between CAVI and LAP, BFP. According to multivariate analysis, an independent relationship with CAVI was detected only in LAP and VAI, for which ROC analysis was performed. With LAP >39, increased arterial stiffness can be detected with a sensitivity of 75,24% and specificity of 77,68% (Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0,859, threshold =39). For VAI, a model with a high specificity of 100% but a low sensitivity of 18,2% (AUC 0,617) was obtained.Conclusion. To identify early vascular aging in young and middle­aged people, in addition to traditional metabolic markers, the LAP can be used, which, with a value of >39, allows one to predict high arterial stiffness with a sensitivity of 75,24% and a specificity of 77,68%.

Recently discovered microcolonial forms of Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and their impact on human spermatogenesis are studied. The spermatozoa of 125 fertile men (sperm donors; from Reprobank [Reproductive Tissue Bank, Moscow, Russia]) and of 93 patients with fertility problems (from the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics [RCMG]”, Moscow, Russia) were used. Classical colonies of M. hominis and microcolonies were detected by molecular biological methods, culture of bacteria, and transmission electron microscopy. The unique structure of microcolonial cells, in which the cytoplasmic cylinder is surrounded by concentric electron-dense and electron-light layers with a periodicity of 12–14 nm, and the ability of microcolonial cells to attach to spermatozoa are shown. In patients with lower sperm quality, microcolonies of M. hominis were detected 2.5 times more frequently than classical colonies. The detection of microcolonies in the ejaculate and the frequent isolation of microcolonies from sperm samples of patients with fertility problems suggest that microcolonial cells may be one cause of infertility.

This study identifies and characterises a class of lexical units — imperative speech cli­chés, exemplified by expressions such as krepis'! [hold on!], prekrati! [stop it!] or ne lez' [back off!]. It defines the concept of imperative speech clichés and investigates the role of pragmati­cisation in their formation. The general properties of imperative clichés are described: most are either never employed with the negative particle ne [not] or are utilised exclusively with this particle. In speech communication, they function as reactions-impulses, i. e. the addresser uses one when reacting to the addressee's previous remark or their behaviour, simultaneously en­couraging the addressee to perform an action or refrain from it. A significant part of impera­tive cliches, especially reactions-impulses, are formed with perfective verbs. The use and func­tioning of imperative clichés in speech are central topics in describing the category of polite­ness, particularly in impolite and anti-polite communication. This study aims to examine the functioning of imperative speech clichés in terms of the category of politeness. The data used in the research consisted of categorical appeals used in speech acts to interrupt or prohibit contact. A collection of examples from the Russian Na­tional Corpus — about a hundred tokens — was compiled to this end. The method of lexico­graphic description was employed to prepare a test article for the otstan'! [leave me alone!] speech cliché. Linguistic description and dictionary representation of imperative speech cli­chés are central to a comprehensive description of the category of politeness category.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has received a great deal of attention due to its unique ability to kill all currently known classes of microorganisms. To date, infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are one of the main sources of high mortality, mass epidemics and global pandemics among humans. Every year, the emergence of three to four previously unknown species of viruses dangerous to humans is recorded, totaling more than 2/3 of all newly discovered human pathogens. The emergence of bacteria with multidrug resistance leads to the rapid obsolescence of antibiotics and the need to create new types of antibiotics. From this point of view, photodynamic inactivation of viruses and bacteria is of particular interest. This review summarizes the most relevant mechanisms of antiviral and antibacterial action of APDT, molecular targets and correlation between the structure of cationic porphyrins and their photodynamic activity.

Aim. To identify predictors of the development of thromboembolic complications (TECs) in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. A single-center observational retrospective study included 1634 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the availability of the feasibility study. The criterion for inclusion of patients in the main group was the presence of venous feasibility studies in 127 patients (group I), the comparison group consisted of 1507 patients in whom the course of COVID-19 was not complicated by the development of feasibility studies (group II). Results. When performing computed tomography of the chest organs, it was revealed that patients with a feasibility study had a higher percentage of lung tissue damage than patients in the comparison group: 55% [37.5; 67.5] and 37.5% [25.0; 47.5], respectively (p0.001). The average values of C-reactive protein in I patients group were 129 [60.1; 211] ng/l, which was significantly higher than in II patients group – 41.0 [12.2; 97.6] ng/l (p0.001), interleukin-6 – 176 [52.9; 471] pg/ml and 39.4 [11.0; 107] pg/ml (p0.001), respectively. A one-factor regression analysis proved a significant contribution of comorbid pathology to the development of feasibility studies in patients with COVID-19. The presence of three nosologies at the same time: arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic kidney disease increased the probability of a feasibility study by 4.81 times (odds ratio 4.8117, 95% confidence interval 3.2064–7.2207), in patients with arterial hypertension, CHD, chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes – by 5.63 times (odds ratio 5.6321, 95% confidence interval 3.1870–9.9531). Conclusion. The presence of severe comorbid pathology significantly increased the risk of developing a feasibility study in patients with COVID-19. The most significant predictors of the development of feasibility studies in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. They are: CHD, arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes.